CN108221842A - Dam flow velocity, method of calculating flux are crossed in mud-rock flow grid dam - Google Patents
Dam flow velocity, method of calculating flux are crossed in mud-rock flow grid dam Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of mud-rock flow grid dams to cross dam flow velocity, method of calculating flux, including:Obtain grid Ba Ba upstreams, dam Debris Flow At The Lower Reaches unit weight, debris flow characteristic grain size, channel width, grid dam opening spacing, the vertical and horizontal beam diameter in grid dam, grid dam crossbeam number;With reference to the coefficient calibration formula that indoor model experiments obtain, calibration is carried out to efflux coefficient, discharge coefficient for the basic parameter obtained by field study;It calculates mud-rock flow grid dam and crosses dam flow velocity, flow.The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:Consider mud-rock flow property, dam body parameter and channel conditions, calibration is carried out to velocity coeffficient, the discharge coefficient under different condition with reference to indoor model experiments, and pass through theory deduction and obtain speed, flow rate calculation formula, provide foundation for debris flow control works application.
Description
Technical field
Dam flow velocity, method of calculating flux are crossed the present invention relates to a kind of mud-rock flow grid dam and its in debris flow control works
In application.
Background technology
Mud-rock flow engineering measure is the important means of debris flow, and macroseism occurs in succession for southwest so far within 2008,
Earth's surface geotechnical structure is increased by considerable damage, mud-rock flow material resource, and high frequency, extensive, activity periods length spy is presented in mud-rock flow
Point, debris flow quantity is big after calamity, arduous task, and the explorations of more novelties need to be carried out for prevention and cure project.
In recent years, China achieves certain progress for the research of permeable debris dam, is gradually built in Wenchuan earthquake disaster area
Some permeable debris dams, such as window dam, slit dam, check dam, grid dam (such as Fig. 1), but cross dam stream about it
Speed, flow research are less, and scientific design is still theoretically unsound and parameter index.At present, it blocks sticky mud for grid dam
The design of rock glacier is also in the empirical stage, and mudstone flows through dam speed, flow is directly related to the security situation of downstream area,
Such key parameter still method without quantification can for reference, and debris dam design has very big subjectivity with empirical, it is difficult to
It gets a desired effect.Therefore, when debris dam designs, dam flow velocity is crossed to grid dam, traffic ability is predicted and is checked, is
Meet the actual needs of engineering.
Publication No. discloses a kind of mud-rock flow for the Chinese patent of CN 103321190 B, day for announcing 2015.05.20 and blocks sand
Dam overflow port overcurrent flow measuring method and its application, the measuring method by field investigation measurement, field unit weight experiment and
The means such as large scale topographical map measuring and calculating, calculate debris dam overflow port conveyance capacity.Publication No. is 107169615 A of CN, is announced
The Chinese patent of day 2017.09.15 discloses a kind of mud under the conditions of becoming silted up completely based on the debris dam of raceway groove longitudinal river slope and channel width
The computational methods of rock glacier flow rate attenuation value, the computational methods mainly calculate the debris flow velocity variation under the conditions of debris dam becomes silted up completely
Situation.Two above patent, mainly for entity debris dam overcurrent condition, be not suitable for permeable debris dam cross flow velocity behind dam,
Flow rate calculation, it is impossible to be used in the infiltration type debris dam in Practical Project calculates.
Invention content
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of mud-rock flow grid dams to cross dam flow velocity, flowmeter
Calculation method and its application in debris flow control works, the computational methods are based on theory deduction, are flowed with reference to laboratory experiment
The calibration of fast coefficient, discharge coefficient to determine that mudstone flows through dam flow velocity, flow provides foundation with check, meets Practical Project need
It will.
The present invention provides a kind of mud-rock flow grid dams to cross dam flow velocity, method of calculating flux, including:
Step 1, grid Ba Ba upstream mud-rock flow unit weight γ are obtaineda, debris flow characteristic grain size d95, channel width B, grid dam
Be open spacing b, the vertical and horizontal beam diameter d in grid dam, grid dam crossbeam number n, grid dam vertical beam number m, the longitudinal slope tan θ of raceway groove, ditch
The flow velocity v of Dao Ba upstreams mud-rock flowa, the flow Q of raceway groove dam upstream mud-rock flowa, the mud depth h of raceway groove dam upstream mud-rock flowa, grid
Dam dam Debris Flow At The Lower Reaches unit weight γb, the mud depth h of raceway groove dam Debris Flow At The Lower Reachesb, on dam, dam measured downstream section relative relief Δ Z;
Step 2, basic parameter is obtained by field study, it is right with reference to the coefficient calibration formula that indoor model experiments obtain
Efflux coefficient, discharge coefficient carry out calibration;
Step 3, mud-rock flow grid dam is calculated by the following formula and crosses dam flow velocity, flow:
In formula, vaFlow velocity for grid dam upstream mud-rock flow;γaMud-rock flow unit weight for grid dam upstream;haFor grid dam
The mud of upstream mud-rock flow is deep;QaFlow for grid dam upstream mud-rock flow;vbFlow velocity for grid dam Debris Flow At The Lower Reaches;γbFor lattice
Sub- dam Debris Flow At The Lower Reaches unit weight;hbMud for grid dam Debris Flow At The Lower Reaches is deep;QbFlow for grid dam Debris Flow At The Lower Reaches;η is stream
Fast coefficient;μ is discharge coefficient;Δ Z represents dam measured downstream section relative relief on dam;a1For mud-rock flow kinetic energy correction factor;b
For grid dam opening spacing;N is the quantity of grid dam crossbeam;M is the quantity of grid dam vertical beam;P is atmospheric pressure, i.e. 1.013*
105Pa;G is acceleration of gravity;B is channel width;D is the vertical and horizontal beam diameter in grid dam.
Preferably, the step 2 carries out calibration by following formula to efflux coefficient, discharge coefficient:
In formula, η is velocity coeffficient;μ is discharge coefficient;CvFor mud-rock flow volumetric concentration;b/d95For grid dam opposed open
Degree;Tan θ are raceway groove longitudinal slope.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:Consider mud-rock flow property, dam body parameter and raceway groove item
Part carries out calibration, and passes through theory deduction and obtain with reference to indoor model experiments to velocity coeffficient, the discharge coefficient under different condition
Speed, flow rate calculation formula, and provide foundation for debris flow control works application.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is mud-rock flow grid dam schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is that dam schematic diagram is crossed on mud-rock flow grid dam;
Fig. 3 is mud-rock flow particle all grades curve.
Specific embodiment
To achieve the above object, the technical scheme is that:
The present invention proposes that dam flow velocity, method of calculating flux are crossed in a kind of mud-rock flow grid dam, and the theory of the computational methods pushes away
It leads as follows:It is assumed that the mud-rock flow unit weight for passing through grid dam upstream section is γa, speed va, mud depth is ha, pass through grid dam
The mud-rock flow unit weight of downstream section is γb, speed vb, mud depth is hbIn the case of, it is assumed that mud-rock flow maximum mud is greater than deeply
Grid dam opening spacing, ignores mud-rock flow and overflows influence of the dam to dam Debris Flow At The Lower Reaches property, derives mud-rock flow and passes through grid dam
Speed and discharge relation formula.
Mud-rock flow is illustrated in figure 2 by grid dam schematic diagram, by taking single grid dam as an example, face on the basis of 0-0 is chosen, takes
Grid dam upstream section a-a, grid dam downstream section b-b, according to Bernoulli Jacob's energy conservation equation of fluid, it is assumed that hfFor mudstone
Stream has by the local energy loss on grid dam:
In formula, a1、a2For mud-rock flow kinetic energy correction factor, during using Bernoulli equation, generally all acquiescence takes 1;vaFor grid
The debris flow velocity of dam upstream section, vbFor the debris flow velocity of grid dam downstream section, because taken speed is mud-rock flow
Superficial velocity, the external force of grid dam upstream and downstream is atmospheric pressure, therefore Pa=Pb=P=1.013*105Pa;It enables
It further arranges, can obtain:
In formula, ζ is energy-loss factor;η is efflux coefficient;μ is discharge coefficient.Consider during mud-rock flow overcurrent into big aperture
Go out stream, Q is the debris flow and landslips by grid dam;B is grid dam opening width;hlFor grid dam open height, the same b of value;
Opening pressure head is considered as mud-rock flow approach velocity v, takes v=va, upper limb pressure head is H1=HOn+a1va 2/ 2g, lower edge
Pressure head is H2=HUnder+a1va 2/ 2g, HOn=ha- b-d, HUnder=ha- d, Qa=va*ha* B, Qb=vb*hb*B。
It further derives, considers non-single grid dam situation, wherein B is channel width, and n is the quantity of grid crossbeam, and m is
The quantity of grid vertical beam.In conclusion to cross dam speed, flow rate calculation formula as follows for grid dam Debris Flow At The Lower Reaches:
In formula, vaFlow velocity for grid dam upstream mud-rock flow;γaMud-rock flow unit weight for grid dam upstream;haFor grid dam
The mud of upstream mud-rock flow is deep;QaFlow for grid dam upstream mud-rock flow;vbFlow velocity for grid dam Debris Flow At The Lower Reaches;γbFor lattice
Sub- dam Debris Flow At The Lower Reaches unit weight;hbMud for grid dam Debris Flow At The Lower Reaches is deep;QbFlow for grid dam Debris Flow At The Lower Reaches;η is stream
Fast coefficient;μ is discharge coefficient;Δ Z represents dam measured downstream section relative relief on dam;a1For mud-rock flow kinetic energy correction factor,
During using Bernoulli equation, generally all acquiescence takes 1;B is grid dam opening spacing;N is the quantity of grid dam crossbeam;M is grid
The quantity of dam vertical beam;P is atmospheric pressure, i.e. 1.013*105Pa;G is acceleration of gravity;B is channel width;D is vertical and horizontal for grid dam
Beam diameter.
It is surveyed on dam by indoor model experiments, the parameters inverse such as speed, mud position, flow obtains velocity coeffficient, stream under dam
Coefficient of discharge.Dam flow velocity, flow rate calculation formula are crossed based on grid dam, the mudstone carried out under different factor combinations flows through grid dam
Flume experiment, with analyze speed coefficient, the changing rule of discharge coefficient, fit velocity coeffficient, flow under different condition
The empirical equation of coefficient.
In formula, η is velocity coeffficient;μ is discharge coefficient;CvFor mud-rock flow volumetric concentration;b/d95For grid dam opposed open
Degree;Tan θ are raceway groove longitudinal slope.
The present invention proposes that dam flow velocity, method of calculating flux are crossed in a kind of mud-rock flow grid dam on above-mentioned theory analysis foundation
And its application.Specifically, dam flow velocity, the computational methods step of flow excessively are as follows:
(1) by field study, grid Ba Ba upstreams mud-rock flow unit weight γ is determineda, unit kN/m3;On grid Ba Ba
Field sampling is swum, mud-rock flow wholegrain diameter grading curve is determined, obtains characteristic diameter d95Value, i.e., in wholegrain diameter grading curve tire out
Content is accumulated as 95% corresponding particle size values, unit m;Channel width B, unit m;Grid dam opening spacing b, unit m;Grid dam is horizontal
Vertical beam diameter d, unit m;Grid dam crossbeam number n;Grid dam vertical beam number m;The longitudinal slope tan θ of in-site measurement raceway groove;Raceway groove dam
The flow velocity v of upstream mud-rock flowa, unit m/s;The flow Q of raceway groove dam upstream mud-rock flowa, unit, m3/s;Raceway groove dam upstream mud-rock flow
Mud depth ha, unit m;Grid dam dam Debris Flow At The Lower Reaches unit weight γb, unit kN/m3;The mud depth h of raceway groove dam Debris Flow At The Lower Reachesb, it is single
Position m;On dam, dam measured downstream section relative relief Δ Z, unit m, value should be less than 1m, ignores mudstone streaming potential and be converted into moving
The influence of energy.
(2) basic parameter is obtained by field study, with reference to the coefficient calibration formula that indoor model experiments obtain, convection current
Fast coefficient, discharge coefficient carry out calibration:
In formula, η is velocity coeffficient;μ is discharge coefficient;CvFor mud-rock flow volumetric concentration;b/d95For grid dam opposed open
Degree;Tan θ are raceway groove longitudinal slope.
(3) mud-rock flow grid dam is calculated by the following formula and crosses dam flow velocity, flow:
In formula, vaFlow velocity for grid dam upstream mud-rock flow;γaMud-rock flow unit weight for grid dam upstream;haFor grid dam
The mud of upstream mud-rock flow is deep;QaFlow for grid dam upstream mud-rock flow;vbFlow velocity for grid dam Debris Flow At The Lower Reaches;γbFor lattice
Sub- dam Debris Flow At The Lower Reaches unit weight;hbMud for grid dam Debris Flow At The Lower Reaches is deep;QbFlow for grid dam Debris Flow At The Lower Reaches;η is stream
Fast coefficient;μ is discharge coefficient;Δ Z represents dam measured downstream section relative relief on dam;a1For mud-rock flow kinetic energy correction factor,
During using Bernoulli equation, generally all acquiescence takes 1;B is grid dam opening spacing;N is the quantity of grid dam crossbeam;M is grid
The quantity of dam vertical beam;P is atmospheric pressure, i.e. 1.013*105Pa;G is acceleration of gravity;B is channel width;D is vertical and horizontal for grid dam
Beam diameter.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:Consider mud-rock flow property, dam body parameter and raceway groove item
Part carries out calibration, and passes through theory deduction and obtain with reference to indoor model experiments to velocity coeffficient, the discharge coefficient under different condition
Speed, flow rate calculation formula provide foundation for debris flow control works application.
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the preferred embodiment of the present invention is further described.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 shows.Certain debris flow gully is located at Gansu Province south of Gansu Province Wudu area Liang Shui towns Hou Ba villages, basin
Area is 10.30km2, main channel length 5.34km, relative relief 1437m, ditch bed longitudinal slope is than drop 17%.Belong to gully type mud-rock flow
Ditch has apparent clear water pooling zone, forms area, Circulation Area, by HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS category mud-rock flow, forms the solid matter of mud-rock flow
Based on supply mode is to come down, avalanche and bottom of trench are carried again, belong to large-scale, high easily tackiness mud-rock flow stream.ROCK MASS JOINT in domain
Development, the soil body is loose, broken, and slump, avalanche are extremely developed, and Zhigou cutting in both sides is strong, and pole is conducive to the rapid of rainfall and collects, pole
Easily outburst mud-rock flow, serious threat the safety of exit or entrance of a clitch resident's life, property and 212 national highway traffic.
To mitigate mud-stone flow disaster, intend building mud-rock flow grid dam prevention and cure project in the ditch, it is known that the dam section part 50
Year one meets mud-rock flow peak flow QaFor 40.18m3/ s, to subtract the lower extent of injury to downstream, design grid dam allowed dam
Maximum stream flow is 20m3/ s, need to check whether the dam body opening design of grid dam meets the requirements.
By field investigation, the unit weight γ of dam upstream mud-rock flow is determinedaFor 20.5kN/m3, the appearance of dam Debris Flow At The Lower Reaches
Weight γbFor 19.0kN/m3;Field sampling, analysis dam upstream mud-rock flow all grades curve (as shown in Figure 3), obtains characteristic diameter
d95For 1.0m;In-site measurement raceway groove longitudinal slope tan θ are 0.17;Channel width B is 15m;Grid dam opening spacing b is 1.5m;Grid
The vertical and horizontal beam diameter d in dam is 0.5m;Grid dam crossbeam number n is 10;Grid dam vertical beam number m is 6;The flow velocity v of raceway groove dam upstreama
For 4.00m/s;The flow Q of raceway groove dam upstreamaFor 40.18m3/s;The mud depth h of raceway groove dam upstreamaFor 1.5m;Raceway groove dam downstream
Mud depth hbFor 0.5m;Measure section relative relief Δ Z is 1m on dam, under dam.
According to grid dam flow velocity, discharge coefficient calibration formula, it is 0.25 to calculate efflux coefficient, discharge coefficient 0.12;Root
Dam flow velocity, flow rate calculation formula are crossed according to grid dam, calculated dam flow velocity as 1.84m/s, calculated dam flow as 15.18m3/ s,
Dam flow value 20m is crossed less than maximum allowable3/ s, then meet engine request.
Claims (2)
1. dam flow velocity, method of calculating flux are crossed in a kind of mud-rock flow grid dam, which is characterized in that including:
Step 1, grid Ba Ba upstream mud-rock flow unit weight γ are obtaineda, debris flow characteristic grain size d95, channel width B, grid dam opening
Spacing b, the vertical and horizontal beam diameter d in grid dam, grid dam crossbeam number n, grid dam vertical beam number m, the longitudinal slope tan θ of raceway groove, raceway groove dam
The flow velocity v of upstream mud-rock flowa, the flow Q of raceway groove dam upstream mud-rock flowa, the mud depth h of raceway groove dam upstream mud-rock flowa, grid Ba Ba
Debris Flow At The Lower Reaches unit weight γb, the mud depth h of raceway groove dam Debris Flow At The Lower Reachesb, on dam, dam measured downstream section relative relief Δ Z;
Step 2, basic parameter is obtained by field study, with reference to the coefficient calibration formula that indoor model experiments obtain, to flow velocity
Coefficient, discharge coefficient carry out calibration;
Step 3, mud-rock flow grid dam is calculated by the following formula and crosses dam flow velocity, flow:
In formula, vaFlow velocity for grid dam upstream mud-rock flow;γaMud-rock flow unit weight for grid dam upstream;haFor grid dam upstream
The mud of mud-rock flow is deep;QaFlow for grid dam upstream mud-rock flow;vbFlow velocity for grid dam Debris Flow At The Lower Reaches;γbFor grid dam
Debris Flow At The Lower Reaches unit weight;hbMud for grid dam Debris Flow At The Lower Reaches is deep;QbFlow for grid dam Debris Flow At The Lower Reaches;η is flow velocity system
Number;μ is discharge coefficient;Δ Z represents dam upstream dam measured downstream section relative relief;a1For mud-rock flow kinetic energy correction factor;B is
Grid dam opening spacing;N is the quantity of grid dam crossbeam;M is the quantity of grid dam vertical beam;P is atmospheric pressure, i.e. 1.013*
105Pa;G is acceleration of gravity;B is channel width;D is the vertical and horizontal beam diameter in grid dam.
2. dam flow velocity, method of calculating flux are crossed in mud-rock flow grid dam according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the step
Rapid 2 carry out calibration by following formula to efflux coefficient, discharge coefficient:
In formula, η is velocity coeffficient;μ is discharge coefficient;CvFor mud-rock flow volumetric concentration;b/d95For grid dam opposed open degree;
Tan θ are raceway groove longitudinal slope.
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Cited By (3)
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CN109766513A (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2019-05-17 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | A kind of measuring method of mud-rock flow mean velocity in section |
CN109945829A (en) * | 2019-03-07 | 2019-06-28 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | A kind of calculation method for the shock height acting on slit dam for viscous mud-flow |
CN115083118A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-09-20 | 云南省交通规划设计研究院有限公司 | Multi-stage landslide early warning method in local area |
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CN205975473U (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-22 | 钛能科技股份有限公司 | Current surveying device |
CN106971085A (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2017-07-21 | 成都理工大学 | A kind of computational methods of mud-rock flow raceway groove erosion amount |
CN107169252A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2017-09-15 | 四川建筑职业技术学院 | A kind of earthquake region mud-rock flow unit weight computational methods based on mud-rock flow solid grain size |
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CN101270570B (en) * | 2008-04-09 | 2010-06-09 | 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Mud silt blocking method for dilute debris flow and high-sandiness floods and uses thereof |
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CN109766513A (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2019-05-17 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | A kind of measuring method of mud-rock flow mean velocity in section |
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CN115083118A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-09-20 | 云南省交通规划设计研究院有限公司 | Multi-stage landslide early warning method in local area |
CN115083118B (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-12-16 | 云南省交通规划设计研究院有限公司 | Multi-stage landslide early warning method in local area |
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