CN101269919B - 一种煅烧物料的竖窑装置 - Google Patents
一种煅烧物料的竖窑装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101269919B CN101269919B CN2008100549314A CN200810054931A CN101269919B CN 101269919 B CN101269919 B CN 101269919B CN 2008100549314 A CN2008100549314 A CN 2008100549314A CN 200810054931 A CN200810054931 A CN 200810054931A CN 101269919 B CN101269919 B CN 101269919B
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- Prior art keywords
- kiln
- vertical
- feeding line
- calcining
- flue gas
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- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000000463 materials Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000446 fuels Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000002485 combustion reactions Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002912 waste gases Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000003546 flue gases Substances 0.000 claims description 42
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- 0 C1#[C]=[C](=[C]2([C]34(C(CC5C67[C@H](C(C)C6)[C@]57CC)C3C)C(*4)C)CC2)C=[C]1#C Chemical compound C1#[C]=[C](=[C]2([C]34(C(CC5C67[C@H](C(C)C6)[C@]57CC)C3C)C(*4)C)CC2)C=[C]1#C 0.000 description 17
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- UIXRSLJINYRGFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium carbide Chemical compound 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[Ca+2].[C-]#[C-] UIXRSLJINYRGFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 281000066869 Coke (fuel) companies 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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[C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering processes Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2/00—Lime, magnesia or dolomite
- C04B2/10—Preheating, burning calcining or cooling
- C04B2/12—Preheating, burning calcining or cooling in shaft or vertical furnaces
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/40—Production or processing of lime, e.g. limestone regeneration of lime in pulp and sugar mills
Abstract
本发明涉及一种煅烧物料的竖窑装置，包括有窑体、燃烧炉、烟气重力除尘器、加料装置，出料装置和废气排放系统，燃烧炉连接到窑体内煅烧区的高温烟气入口；窑体顶部的烟气线通过密闭的进料线连接到排放系统；窑体下部的产品出口与密闭的出料通道线连通，助燃风机连接到出料通道，经出料通道连接到燃烧炉助燃风入口。在密闭状态下，燃料在燃烧炉燃烧，高温烟气进入竖窑中煅烧物料，逆行经过密闭进料线对物料进行预热后排放；助燃空气经过出料通道后进入燃烧炉助燃，用冷却产品的热量预热助燃空气。本发明可以充分利用热量，节省能源，减少废气排放，生产的产品质量好。
Description
一种煅烧物料的竖窑装置
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种煅烧物料的竖窑装置，特别是一种外带燃烧炉的密闭石灰窑烧制
石灰的竖窑装置。 背景技术
[0002] 石灰是重要的建筑材料，也是冶金、化工的重要原材料。现有的技术是，采用燃料 在石灰窑内燃烧煅烧石灰石生产石灰。煅烧石灰石和石灰冷却产生大量的烟气和热空气， 排放到大气不仅带走大量的热能，造成能量损失，而且污染环境。在窑内直接燃烧加热的方 法，受火焰长度和火焰区域温度差异的影响，窑内温差很大，容易产生生烧、过烧，影响产品 质量，并且由于局部温度过高物料发生粘结，造成悬窑。
[0003] 中国发明专利申请CN1962518A公开一种"将电石炉炉气直接燃烧生产生石灰的 方法"，披露了用带外燃烧炉石灰窑生产石灰的方法，该专利申请的技术方案为："电石炉气 产生的炉气直接进入外火箱式燃烧室进行燃烧，从外火箱出来的气体进入密闭式气烧石灰 窑生产石灰，尾气经除尘通过引风机放空排放。"但该专利申请没有提供带燃烧炉的石灰 窑装置结构，也未涉及使用固体和/或液体燃料，以及气体、液体和固体燃料混合燃烧的方 案；另外该专利申请没有提供对煅烧石灰石后废气和冷却石灰的热空气余热利用的方案。
发明内容
[0004] 本发明的目的是克服现有技术的不足，提供一种煅烧物料的竖窑装置。所述竖窑 装置的窑体与外置燃烧炉、进料线、出料通道密闭连通，燃料在燃烧炉燃烧，高温烟气进入 窑体内煅烧物料，废气经密闭的进料线预热物料，在密闭的出料通道冷却石灰后的热空气 用作助燃空气，节省能源，减少污染。
[0005] 本发明所述的煅烧物料的方法为，在密闭状态下，燃料在燃烧炉燃烧，高温烟气进 入竖窑中煅烧物料，烟气经预热区在窑体顶部通过连接管线进入进料线，逆向经过密闭的 进料线对物料进行预热后排放；助燃空气经过密闭的出料通道后进入燃烧炉助燃，一方面 用助燃空气冷却产品，另一方面产品对助燃空气进行预热。
[0006] 本发明所述燃料为固体燃料如：煤粉、焦粉；或气体燃料如：天然气、液化石油气、 焦炉煤气、高炉煤气、电石炉气；或液体燃料如：汽油、柴油、重油；或上述两种或三种燃料 混合使用。所述物料为石灰石、白云石、菱镁矿、水泥烧成前原料、含铁外包碳球团、含碳含 铁压块。
[0007] 为实现上述煅烧物料的方法，本发明提供一种竖窑装置，包括有窑体、燃烧炉、烟 气重力除尘器、加料设备、出料设备和废气排放系统，窑体内有预热区、煅烧区、冷却区，煅 烧区设有高温烟气入口 。燃烧炉通过烟气管连接到重力除尘器的入口 ，重力除尘器的出口 连接到窑体煅烧区的高温烟气入口 ；窑体顶部的加料口与密闭的进料线连通，窑体上部设 有烟气抽出口和/或烟气抽吸梁，烟气抽出口和/或烟气抽吸梁通过管线连接到进料线上， 进料线设有废气出口，废气出口与废气排放系统连接；窑体下部的产品出口与密闭的出料通道连通，助燃风机连接到出料通道，经过出料通道连接到燃烧炉助燃风入口 。
[0008] 进料线和出料通道为密封钢制结构，装有保温材料和耐磨衬里。为了使烟气在进
料线流动畅通，可以选择进料线内装有气体流通的管路，烟气可从物料中穿过，也可从管路
中通过；同样，可以选择在出料通道装有气体流通的管路。所述管路为蛇形盘管，或与管道
平行的直管（34)。进料线、窑体的产品出口、出料通道和出料线装有密封锁闭设备，用于系
统密封。
[0009] 所述燃烧炉设有气体燃料烧嘴、或液体燃料烧嘴、或固体燃料烧嘴、或周边燃料烧 嘴，或上述烧嘴的组合；适合使用一种燃料，或两种或三种燃料结合使用。高温烟气进入窑 体的入口为周边入口或进气梁式结构的入口 ，或两种入口方式的结合，不排除其它的烟气 入口方式。所述进气梁为横梁式结构，或竖梁式结构，进气梁上设有出烟气孔，出烟气孔的 大小和数量根据窑的尺寸和加工负荷确定。
[0010] 进气梁为横梁式结构时，为使煅烧均匀，进气梁设置为至少一排，每排至少一根， 两排之间相间设置，使上一排的进气梁正好位于下一排进气梁的两根梁之间。周边烟气出 口的设置为至少一层，每层的数量根据窑的尺寸和加工负荷确定。
[0011] 所述的横梁式进气梁为T型箱体式结构，箱体两侧和下部开有出烟气孔；箱体内 设有冷却介质流通的空腔，使用的冷却介质为水或导热油，不排除其他的冷却介质；箱体的 外壁和内壁装有耐火材料，以防高温烧坏梁体，节省能源。
[0012] 所述进料线为斜式结构，其与垂直线的夹角为O。〜90° ，优选为30°〜60° ，进 料线的底端设有进料推进器。作为选择，所述进料线为垂直加水平结构，进料线的垂直段与 水平段垂直相接，进料线的垂直段和水平段均设有进料推进器。另一种选择为，所述进料线 为水平结构，水平进料线装有进料推进器。
[0013] 本发明所述出料通道为水平设置或尾部向下倾斜设置；尾部向下倾斜设置时与水 平面的夹角为0。〜90° ，优选的夹角为O。〜60° 。
[0014] 为充分利用设备，向其他设备或用热场所提供热源，本发明所述燃烧炉内装有取 热盘管，取热盘管中的流通介质为固体，或液体，或气体，或其混合物。所述窑体内煅烧区设 有周边烧嘴，用作燃烧炉供热不足时补充热量。
[0015] 与现有技术相比，本发明的优点是：竖窑外设置燃烧炉，燃料在燃烧炉燃烧，高温 烟气进入窑体内煅烧物料，可以适应各种燃料，加热均匀，避免生烧或过烧；烟气经过密闭 的进料线，把热量传给物料，助燃空气经过密闭的出料通道，一方面用助燃风冷却产品，另 一方面产品预热助燃空气，充分利用热量，节省能源，减少废气排放；燃烧炉设有取热盘管， 可以取出多余热量，为其他的装置或用热场所提供热源；燃烧炉供热的同时，选择窑体内设 置烧嘴，增加了操作的灵活性和稳定性。本发明窑体的冷却区由于气体流动很少，可对煅烧 区下来的物料进行保温，使物料在冷却区持续反应转化成产品，生产的产品质量好。
附图说明
[0016] 图1为本发明煅烧物料的竖窑装置示意流程图； [0017] 图2为本发明另一方案进料线的示意图； [0018] 图3为本发明另一案进料线的示意图； [0019] 图4为本发明烟气抽吸梁结构剖面示意图；
4[0020] 图5为本发明进料线或出料通道气体流通盘管示意图； [0021] 图6为本发明进料线或出料通道气体流通直管示意图。
具体实施方式
[0022] 实施例1 :烧制冶金石灰的竖窑及方法。
[0023] 本发明所述的煅烧物料的竖窑装置如图1所示，包括有窑体24、燃烧炉16、烟气重 力除尘器15、加料设备10、出料设备23和废气排放系统，窑体24内有预热区12、煅烧区14、 冷却区，煅烧区设有高温烟气入口。燃烧炉16通过烟气管线连接到重力除尘器15的入口， 重力除尘器的出口连接到窑体煅烧区的高温烟气入口，高温烟气入口为横梁式进气梁13。 进气梁为两排，上排为三根，下排为两根；窑体顶部的加料设备10与密闭的进料线9连通， 窑体上部设有烟气抽出口和烟气抽吸梁ll，烟气抽出口和抽吸梁通过管线连接到进料线9 上，进料线9靠近原料漏斗4部分设有废气出口 ，废气出口通过管线经除尘器3、引风机2连 接到烟囱1。窑体下部的产品出口与密闭的出料通道20连通，产品出口处设有产品出口锁 17。助燃风机22连接到出料通道的末端，在出料通道20靠近窑体产品出口处通过管线连 接到燃烧炉16助燃风入口 。进料线9的下段装有原料推进器6、原料止回闸板8和推进锁 7 ;原料漏斗4位于进料线9的前部，以向进料线提供原料，原料漏斗与进料线连接处装有原 料仓锁5。出料通道20装有产品推进器19、产品推进锁18。出料通道与出料线28连接， 出料线上装有产品出料锁21。进料线9为斜式结构，与垂直线的夹角为45。；出料通道20 为水平设置。如图5所示，进料线和出料通道为密封钢制结构36，并且装有保温材料和耐磨 衬里35。进料线内装有烟气流通的盘管33。
[0024] 本实施例所述燃烧炉装有气体燃料和固体燃料烧嘴，可以单独使用气体燃料或固 燃料，也可以两种燃料同时使用，同时在燃烧炉设有周边气体燃料烧嘴。燃烧炉内装有取热 盘管，取热盘管中的介质为氦气，用于取出热量为其他装置提供热源。
[0025] 本实施例所使用的横梁式进气梁13如图4所示，为T型箱体式结构，箱体内有烟 气通道31，箱体两侧和下部开有出烟气孔30 ;箱体内设有冷却介质流通的空腔29，所使用 的冷却介质为导热油；箱体的外壁和内壁装有耐火材料32，以冷却梁体，防止高温烧坏设 备和减少热量损失。
[0026] 本实施例所煅烧的物料为石灰石，所述煅烧物料的方法为，石灰石经原料漏斗4 和原料仓锁5进入进料线9，用原料推进器6推动石灰石到达进料线的顶部，经加料设备10 进入窑体24，经预热区12向下移动进入煅烧区14煅烧成石灰，向下移动经窑体产品出口锁 17进入出料通道20，产品推进器19推动石灰至出料线28，经出料锁21、出料设备23出装置。
[0027] 助燃空气经助燃风机22进入出料通道20，在出料通道冷却石灰后，经管线进入 燃烧炉16助燃，所用燃料为煤粉和焦炉煤气，燃烧后产生的高温烟气进入烟气重力除尘器 15，除去灰尘后经进气梁13进入窑体的煅烧区。高温烟气在煅烧区14段烧石灰石后，向上 在预热区预热进入窑体的物料，大部分经烟气抽吸梁11和烟气抽出口进入进料线9，少量 烟气经加料设备10进入进料线9，在进料线为石灰石预热后，已经冷却了的废烟气经除尘 器3、引风机2和烟囱1排空放散。
[0028] 实施例2 :进料线为水平加垂直结构，煅烧白云石。[0029] 本发明的另一方案如图2所示，进料线为垂直加水平结构。两段分别设有原料推 进器6、25，原料推进锁7、26。如图6所示，两段进料线9、27内都装有烟气流通直管34。物 料经进料漏斗4和原料仓锁5进入垂直段的进料线9，在原料推进器6推动下到达上部水平 段进料线27，在水平段原料推进器25的推动下到达窑体顶部加料设备10，经加料设备进入 窑体24。窑体煅烧区的高温烟气入口为两排周边入口 ；加热炉燃料烧嘴为固体燃料烧嘴， 所用燃料为焦粉；出料通道为水平设置，通道内装有气体流通的直管（34)。窑体内煅烧区 设有周边烧嘴，以备燃烧炉供热不足时使用。
[0030] 本实施例其它结构与实施例1相同。本实施例所煅烧的物料为白云石，烧制石灰 的方法与实施例1相同，在此不再赘述。 [0031] 实施例3 :进料线为水平结构。
[0032] 本发明的第三种方案如图3所示，进料线为水平结构。原料漏斗4和原料仓锁5 位于进料线9的上方，先将物料运至上方原料漏斗4，用原料推进器6将物料推至窑顶部的 加料设备IO处，原料经加料设备进入窑体进行煅烧。本实施例的其它结构及煅烧物料的方 法与实施例l相同。
6
Claims (8)
- 一种煅烧物料的竖窑装置，包括有窑体(24)、燃烧炉(16)、烟气重力除尘器(15)、加料设备(10)、出料设备(23)和废气排放系统，窑体内有预热区、煅烧区、冷却区，煅烧区设有高温烟气入口，其特征是：燃烧炉通过烟气管连接到重力除尘器的入口，重力除尘器的出口连接到窑体煅烧区(14)的高温烟气入口；窑体顶部的进料口与密闭的进料线(9)连通，窑体上部设有烟气抽出口和/或烟气抽吸梁(11)，烟气抽出口和/或抽吸梁通过管线连接到进料线(9)上，进料线设有废气出口，废气出口与废气排放系统连接；窑体下部的产品出口与密闭的出料通道(20)连通，助燃风机(22)连接到出料通道，经过出料通道(20)连接到燃烧炉助燃风入口。
- 2. 根据权利要求l所述煅烧物料的竖窑装置，其特征是：所述进料线（9)和出料通道 (20)为密封钢制结构，装有保温材料和耐磨衬里（35);进料线和出料通道装有气体流通的 管路；所述管路为蛇形盘管（33)，或与管道平行的直管（34)。
- 3. 根据权利要求1所述煅烧物料的竖窑装置，其特征是：所述燃烧炉设有气体燃料烧 嘴、或液体燃料烧嘴、或固体燃料烧嘴、或周边燃料烧嘴，或上述烧嘴的组合。
- 4. 根据权利要求1所述煅烧物料的竖窑装置，其特征是：所述窑体内高温烟气入口为 周边入口或进气梁式结构的入口 ；所述进气梁为横梁结构或竖梁结构，进气梁上设有出烟 气孔。
- 5. 根据权利要求4所述煅烧物料的竖窑装置，其特征是：所述的横梁式进气梁（13) 为T型箱体式结构，箱体两侧和下部开有出烟气孔（30)，箱体的外壁和内壁装有耐火材料 (32)，梁体内设有冷却介质流通的空腔（29)。
- 6. 根据权利要求l所述煅烧物料的竖窑装置，其特征是：所述进料线（9)为斜式结构， 其与垂直线的夹角为O。〜90° ，进料线的底端设有进料推进器（6);或水平结构，水平进 料线装有进料推进器（6);或垂直加水平结构，进料线的垂直段与水平段垂直相接，进料线 的垂直段和水平段均设有进料推进器（6、25)。
- 7. 根据权利要求1所述煅烧物料的竖窑装置，其特征是：所述出料通道（20)为水平设 置或尾部向下倾斜设置；尾部向下倾斜时其与水平面的夹角为O。〜90° 。
- 8. 根据权利要求1〜7中任一项所述煅烧物料的竖窑装置，其特征是：燃烧炉（16)内 装有取热盘管，取热盘管中的流通介质为固体，或液体，或气体，或其混合物；所述窑体 煅 烧区（14)设有周边烧嘴。
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| CN102173614B (zh) * | 2011-01-26 | 2012-12-05 | 石家庄市新华工业炉有限公司 | 一种垃圾焚烧生产水泥的方法和装置 |
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| CN104211308B (zh) * | 2014-09-03 | 2016-02-10 | 石家庄新华能源环保科技股份有限公司 | 一种间壁式物料煅烧装置 |
| CN106045341A (zh) * | 2016-05-19 | 2016-10-26 | 北京三金微波技术有限公司 | 微波能焙烧菱镁矿石生产氧化镁方法 |
| CN109186273B (zh) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-03-12 | 中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司 | 一种石灰窑复合供热系统及其控制方法 |
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