CN101268398A - 装配和调整光电装置的方法及按照该方法装配和调整的测量仪 - Google Patents

装配和调整光电装置的方法及按照该方法装配和调整的测量仪 Download PDF

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CN101268398A
CN101268398A CNA2006800347222A CN200680034722A CN101268398A CN 101268398 A CN101268398 A CN 101268398A CN A2006800347222 A CNA2006800347222 A CN A2006800347222A CN 200680034722 A CN200680034722 A CN 200680034722A CN 101268398 A CN101268398 A CN 101268398A
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optical devices
optical
adjusted
described method
welding process
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U·斯库尔特蒂-贝茨
B·哈斯
J·斯蒂尔
P·沃尔夫
G·弗林斯帕克
K·伦茨
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
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    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
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    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/24—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight
    • B29C66/242—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours
    • B29C66/2422—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being circular, oval or elliptical
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    • B29C66/3022—Particular design of joint configurations the area to be joined comprising melt initiators said melt initiators being integral with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/30223—Particular design of joint configurations the area to be joined comprising melt initiators said melt initiators being integral with at least one of the parts to be joined said melt initiators being rib-like
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81427—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/9231—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the displacement of the joining tools
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
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    • B29C66/9261—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
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    • B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C2035/0822—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using IR radiation
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Optical Distance (AREA)
  • Mounting And Adjusting Of Optical Elements (AREA)

Abstract

发明涉及一种装配和调整光电装置的方法，在此方法中使一个光学装置(42)在三个轴线(X；Y；Z)上相对地对准于另外一个构件(26，46)，尤其是一种用于相对于一个光学接收器(46)调整一个接收光学装置(42)的方法。按照发明建议：使光学装置(42)首先在第一(X)和第二方向(Y)上调整并使光学装置(42)首先在第一(X)和第二方向(Y)上调整并使光学装置(42)在第三方向(Z)上接着通过一种焊接过程固定在一个光学装置支架(40)上。此外发明还涉及一种按照发明的方法进行调整的测量仪，尤其是一种测距仪(10)。

Description

装配和调整光电装置的方法及按照该方法装配和调整的测量仪
发明涉及一种在一个基体元件上对第一使测量信号成象的元件进行装配和调整的方法。在这种装配中使成象元件相对于第二，接收测量信号的元件进行调整。此外发明还涉及一种按照一种这样的方法进行装配和调整的测量仪。
技术背景
具有一种成象的或聚焦的光学装置的光电测量仪必须精密地进行调整，以便能够将待分析处理的测量信号以足够好的质量输入测量仪的接收器。已知有许多方法用于调整成像元件在一个配属的接收元件上。
由DE 10314772 A1已知了一种用于在一个光测量仪里调整光学反光镜的装置，这装置具有一个接纳一个反光镜的，固定在一个支架型材上的反光镜支架和三个穿过在反光镜支架里在圆周方向上相互错开布置的螺纹孔的调整销钉。通过在螺纹孔里拧紧而轴向可以调整的调整销钉用其底部点支承在设于支架型材上的支座上。为了精确地快速调整反光镜这样来设计支座，使得它们一方面通过调整销钉使反光镜支架定心，另一方面至少二个支座允许使各自调整销钉的底部点产生径向移动。
发明内容
按照发明的对一个光学装置相对于一个接收元件进行装配和调整的方法，尤其是对具有权利要求1所述特征的在一个光学装置支架里的接收光学装置进行调整的一种这样的方法具有以下优点：它可以实现对一种光学系统的快速而准确的调整，而无需补充的加工处理，例如象光学元件的附带的固定或密封。这按照发明的方法用于使将测量信号成象的光学装置，例如接收光学装置形式的第一元件相对于接收测量信号的例如光电二极管形式的第二元件进行调整，首先在第一和第二方向上调整光学装置，方式是例如使光学装置的位置在X-和Y-方向上开始移动和保持。接着使光学装置在第三方向(Z方向)上进行调整并通过一个焊接过程而固定住。
这可以实现简单而快速的调整，尤其是对光电测量仪的调整，例如象测距仪，因为光学装置，尤其是接收光学装置和测量系统中的非电子的或电的器件都要进行调整。此外按照本发明的装配和调整过程并不需要附加的固定元件，例如象夹紧螺钉，用以确保进行的调整。在按照本发明的焊接过程之后光学装置，例如一个光电测量仪的接收光学装置既在其位置上定向，又实现了固定。光学装置因此不必再附带地例如用粘结剂或夹紧螺钉固定。
附带的构件，例如象转向反光镜在这种简单的三轴调整装置中也就不必要了，因此可以实现一种紧凑而价廉的光学测量仪，这种仪器尽管其结构紧凑，但确保了对光电元部件的必要的精确的调整。
通过这在从属权利要求中所述的特征可以实现按照发明的方法的有利的改进方案。光学装置的位置可以有利地在第三待调整的方向上(Z-方向)通过焊接过程的至少一个参数来进行调整。因此例如这光学装置的位置可以通过焊接过程持续的时间来调整设定。
在按照发明的方法的一种有利实施形式中光学装置和/或装有光学装置的光学装置支架具有至少一个导能边，通过这导向边在焊接过程中对释放的能量进行导向。因为导能边可以有利地设计成圆锥形，那就在这导向边里产生一种相应更高的能量密度，因此使导能边取决于焊接过程的参数而相应强烈地发生熔化。这种导能边在调整过程之后，也就是说在焊接过程结束之后有利地在光学装置和光学装置支架之间建立起固定的连接。因此通过确定导能边的尺寸可以有利地在焊接-或调节过程期间调整光学装置的位置。
那么例如可以通过焊接装置或焊接装置的一个部件的压紧压力来调整光学装置在第三待调整方向(Z方向)上的位置。
在按照发明的方法或一种按照发明的方法制成的测量仪的一种有利的实施形式中光学装置由塑料制成。因此可以有利地应用一种超声焊接过程用来装配和调整光学装置。那么例如可以通过在光学装置或者在支架上的导能边相应的尺寸设计调整在光学装置，例如接收透镜，至一个接收器之间的距离设定，这通过焊接参数，例如象作用持续时间、压力或频率。
在这种方法中有利地这样来调整光学装置，使得这由光学装置所规定的光学轴线，例如双轴光学系统的接收轴线在某一个距离上定心地对准于第二光学轴线，例如相同的双轴光学系统的发射轴线。
在按照发明的方法的一种有利实施形式中这种调整方法通过一个控制回路或者调节回路来实现自动化，因此通过一个相应的控制参数，例如象光学装置至接收器元件的距离或者用接收器元件探测到的光学测量信号的信号强度。
按照发明的方法用于装配和调整一个成像元件，例如一个光学装置，相对于一个进行接收的元件，例如一个光电二极管，这种方法可以使测量仪，尤其是测距仪具有很紧凑的尺寸。按此方式一种光学测距仪，尤其是一种手持式激光测距仪可以实现为紧凑而价廉的测量仪。
按照发明的方法或一种按照此方法调整的测量仪的其它优点可见以下对实施例的说明。
附图说明
在附图中表示了一种按照发明的方法调整的测量仪的一个实施例，它在以下说明中用于说明此方法。附图、说明以及权利要求书包含了许多特征的组合。专业人士也将单个地考虑这些特征并汇集成其它合理的特征组合。
附图所示为：
图1：一个光电测距仪的立体总图；
图2：一个具有被调整的光学装置的光学装置支架的底面视图；
图3：具有对应于图2的被调整的光学装置的光学装置支架的正视图；
图4：在按照图2的光学装置和光学装置支架之间的翼状区的详图。
具体实施方式
图1表示了一种设计成测距仪10的光电测量仪。该测量仪具有一个外壳12、用于接通或断开测距仪10以及用于启动或配置测量过程的操纵元件14。除了操纵元件14之外测量仪10还有一个显示器形式的输出单元16用于输出测量结果以及用于表示出关于仪器状态的说明。在一个电子基体元件上，例如一个印刷电路板18上，在测量仪10的外壳12之内设有一个激光器二极管构成的发射单元20用于产生光学的发射测量信号以及分析处理单元的电子器件。电子基体元件18通过固定装置，例如螺钉固定在一个光学装置支架上。光学装置支架还有一个光通道22、一个转向单元24以及一个接收光学装置用于使测量信号成分向着一个接收元件方向集束。发射单元20、光通道22、用于一个参照路径34的转向单元24以及一个接收单元26在图1中都只是简略地表示出。
为了测量测距仪10至一个远离的物体的间距在测量仪工作时将一个发射测量信号从发射单元20沿着一个发射路径28发射出。发射测量射线通过仪器10外壳12里的一个窗口30离开测量仪。这由一个远离的，待测量物体的表面所反射或散射的测量信号经过接收路径29又返回至测量仪10并通过一个窗口32部分地输入外壳里。借助于一个在图1中未示出的接收光学装置使接收测量信号集束或聚焦并由一个接收元件26，例如光电二极管，尤其是APD探测到。在一种这样的测量仪的备选实施形式中进入测量仪的进入窗口和接收光学装置也可以设计成一体。
图2表示一个具有已经装配并调整过的接收透镜42的光学装置支架40的底面的视图。在光学装置支架40上固定了一个激光器二极管44形式的发射单元20，和一个附属的准直透镜46一起用于沿着光学测量仪的发射轴线28发射准直了的光学测量信号。此外同样也在光学装置支架40上固定一个接收单元26，其为光电二极管的，尤其是APD 46的形式。光学装置支架40例如可以是印刷电路板18本身，但或者可以固定在一个印刷电路板上。为此光学装置支架在按图2所示的实施例中具有纵向孔62，光学装置支架可以用这些孔固定在电路板18上。光学装置支架例如也可以由一种单独的金属的或塑料的结构组成，这结构与印刷电路板18和光学装置支架40一起被装在测量仪10的外壳12里。
在调整光学装置42时激光二极管44以及接收器46已与塑料支架40固定连接。准直光学装置42在按照本发明的方法中应该被调整，从而使一个经过发射路径28所发射的测量信号至少部分地经过接收路径29集束或成象到接收二极管46的活性面上，这发射出的测量信号在一定的距离上在一个待测量目标物体上被反射或散射。在按照发明的方法的范围里同义地应用了集束或成像的概念。
在按照本发明的方法中通过接收光学装置42使接收轴线29对准于发射轴线28。透镜在X-和Y方向上的位置(为此见图3)被移动和保持住。为此可以例如由一个机械手抓住接收光学装置42并定位于所希望的位置上。接着使光学装置42在Z-方向上的位置发生变化、最优化并接着固定住。
按照本发明通过一个焊接过程既使透镜42在Z方向进行调整，也就是说使透镜在Z-轴的方向上的位置发生变化，又使透镜固定在所希望的位置Z1(见图4)上。透镜在X-和Y-方向上的位置在焊接之前被移动而在焊接时则保持住。Z-方向例如通过焊接过程的持续时间和在一个长度测量系统的检查情况下进行调整。
在图2-4所示的实施形式中无论是光学装置支架40还是接收光学装置42都由塑料组成。在这种情况下焊接过程可以是一个超声焊接过程。
图4表示了图2所示部位50的细部图。在此细部图中表示出了成象光学装置42、光学装置支架40的支承边60以及超声焊接仪的声极52。在光学装置支架40上设有一个导能边54，其形状为一个向着透镜42变尖的尖顶。导能边54可以与光学装置支架设计成一体，例如当这个支架由塑料制成时。在备选的实施形式中光学装置42同样也可具有一个对应的导能边，或者说这在方法中被使用的导能边可以只是在光学装置上例如构成一体。声极52用其支承面56被压向光学装置42的边缘部位58，从而使这光学装置同样也压向光学装置支架40的导能边54。这借助于声极52输入至光学装置42里的声波加热光学装置42的塑料材料，也加热导能边54。导能边54由于其变尖的形状而比接收光学装置42的实芯体来说升温更强烈。通过调整焊接参数可以在Z轴方向上实现透镜体42的调整。那么例如可以通过输入的能量或通过这借助于声波52作用于透镜体42上的压力来调整在实施例中平的光学装置边59和光学装置支架40的接触边60之间的距离Z1，其方法是使导能边或强或弱地熔化并通过被声极52传递至透镜体42上的压力而变形。
成像光学装置的透镜42必须在Z方向上调整到一个规定的至接收二极管46的探测器元件的距离。调整范围通常为大约±0.2mm。对调整过程的准确性要求大约超出调整范围一个数量级。这导能边设于光学装置支架40或透镜上，通过导能边相应的尺寸设计可以通过不同的焊接参数，例如象作用持续时间、施加的压力或者所用的频率来调整在透镜和光学装置支架之间的和因此在透镜42和接收元件46之间的设定距离Z1。导能边的高度的典型的数量级在0.1mm和1mm之间，一种优选的高度在大约0.5-0.6mm范围内。
在按照本发明的方法中因此通过接收透镜的调整使接收轴线29对准于发射轴线28上。接收透镜42可以进行调整，从而例如使射到接收器26上的测量信号的信号强度被观察到。备选地一种长度测量系统可以确保：对以前求得的在透镜底面59和接收二极管46的活性面之间的规定距离进行调整。
一种这样的过程可以有利地实现自动化，其方法例如利用这在调整时所探测到的接收二极管46的接收信号或者一个用于控制作用持续时间、压力或者激光焊接装置的其它参数的长度测量系统的信号。尤其是可以实现一种闭合的调节回路，它可以实现光学装置在三个轴线上的自动调整。
在焊接之后透镜既对准了，又通过透镜的塑料部件的焊接和支架或导能边固定。在这按照本发明的方法中不必要借助于粘结剂或夹紧螺钉对光学装置进行一种附加的固定。
按照本发明的方法可以实现对一种光学系统的简单而快速的调整。在此方法中对透镜和系统的非电子元器件进行调整。用于接着确保完成的调整的附带的固定元件就不需要了。
按照本发明的方法或一个用此方法制成的测量仪并不限于在附图中和说明中所示的实施例。
尤其是按照发明的方法并不局限于应用超声焊接过程。例如同样也可以是一种激光焊接过程，尤其是一种透射激光焊接过程，在这焊接过程中例如，形式为一种红外的激光射线的光学焊接信号几乎完全透过(transmittieren)光学装置并在光学装置支架里或一种相应设计的导能边里被吸收，以至于无论是导能边还是光学装置的邻接部位都被熔化并因此形成一种固定连接。通过至待连接工件的各种不同的添加可以使它们的透射率或吸收率按各自调到所应用的焊接波长进行调整。

Claims (10)

1.用于装配和调整光电装置的方法，其中使光学装置(42)在三个轴线(X；Y；Z)上相对于另外一个构件对准，尤其是一种相对于光学接收器(46)来调整接收光学装置(42)的方法，其特征在于，使光学装置(42)首先在第一(X)和第二方向(Y)上进行调整，并且使光学装置(42)在第三方向(Z)上接着通过焊接过程固定在光学装置支架(40)上。
2.按权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述光学装置(42)在第三方向(Z)上的位置(z1)通过焊接过程的至少一个参数来调整。
3.按权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述光学装置(42)在第三方向(Z)上的位置(z1)通过焊接过程的持续时间来调整。
4.按权利要求1至3中之一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述光学装置(42)和/或光学装置支架(40)具有至少一个导能边(54)，它在焊接过程结束之后在光学装置(42)和光学装置支架(40)之间建立固定连接。
5.按权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述光学装置(42)在第三方向(Z)上的位置(z1)通过导能边(54)的尺寸设计来调整。
6.按上述权利要求2至5中之一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述光学装置(42)的位置(z1)通过焊接装置的压紧压力来调整。
7.按上述权利要求之一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述光学装置(42)由塑料制成。
8.按上述权利要求之一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述焊接过程是一种超声焊接过程。
9.按上述权利要求之一所述的方法，其特征在于，调整所述光学装置(42)，使得通过光学装置(42)所定义的光学轴线(29)在确定距离里对中地朝着第二光学轴线(28)。
10.测量仪，尤其是光学测距仪(10)，具有至少一个成像的元件(42)和接收的元件(26，46)，按照权利要求1至9中至少一项所述的方法进行调整。
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