CN101258130B - 作为胰岛素样生长因子-1受体抑制剂的异喹啉 - Google Patents
作为胰岛素样生长因子-1受体抑制剂的异喹啉 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101258130B CN101258130B CN2006800329830A CN200680032983A CN101258130B CN 101258130 B CN101258130 B CN 101258130B CN 2006800329830 A CN2006800329830 A CN 2006800329830A CN 200680032983 A CN200680032983 A CN 200680032983A CN 101258130 B CN101258130 B CN 101258130B
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002415 sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium perchlorate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 229960005322 streptomycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZSJLQEPLLKMAKR-GKHCUFPYSA-N streptozocin Chemical compound O=NN(C)C(=O)N[C@H]1[C@@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O ZSJLQEPLLKMAKR-GKHCUFPYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003526 tetrahydroisoquinolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011200 topical administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003181 treosulfan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroborane Chemical compound ClB(Cl)Cl FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
合成了式(I)的化合物。发现它们能够降调或抑制胰岛素样生长因子-1受体的表达或功能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种能够降调或抑制胰岛素样生长因子-1受体(IGF-1R)的表达或功能的新的化合物。本发明还涉及通过对IGF-1R的表达或功能进行降调(down-regulate)或抑制以预防和/或治疗癌症、其它细胞异常生长、代谢紊乱以及血管增殖病变的药物组合物和方法,在上述疾病中观察到所述受体不受控制地表达。
背景技术
胰岛素样生长因子-1受体(IGF-1R)是存在于人体的58种跨膜酪氨酸激酶受体中的一种[见Structure and function of the Type 1 insulin-like growthfactor receptor.T.E.Adams et al.Cell.Mol.Life Sci.57(2000)1050-1093;Insulin-Like Growth Factors.Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers(2003).Editors:LeRoith,D.,Zumkeller,W.and Baxter,R.C.]。在缺乏IGF-1受体的细胞方面的遗传学证据和研究表明,对于最佳生长来说IGF-1受体是必须的,但IGF-1受体不是生长的绝对条件[Baserga et al.Biochim.Biophys.Acta1332(1997)105-126]。IGF-1受体的表达使细胞免受凋亡并且似乎是体外和体内建立并维持转化表型的必要条件[R.Baserga et al.Biochim.Biophys.Acta1332(1997)105-126]。一些体外和体内研究表明,抑制IGF-1受体的表达或功能可以使转化表型发生逆转并且抑制肿瘤细胞的生长。用于这些研究的技术包括中和抗体[Kalebic et al.Cancer Res.54(1994)5531-5534;Arteaga,C.L.et al.Cancer Res.49(1989)6237-6241;De Leon,D.D.et al.Growth Factors 6(1992)327-336]、反义寡核苷酸[Resnicoff et al.Cancer Res.54(1994)2218-2222;Andrews,D.W.et al.J.Clin.Oncol.19(2001)2189-2200;White,P.J.et al.Antisense Nucleic Acid Drug Dev.10(2000)195-203]、显性阴性突变体[D′Ambrosio et al.Cancer Res.56(1996)4013-4020;Prager,D.et al.Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 91(1994)2181-2185;Reiss,K.et al.Clin.Cancer Res.4(1998)2647-2655]、形成三倍螺旋体的寡核苷酸[Rinninsland et al.Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 94(1997)5854-5859]、反义mRNA[Nakamura et al.Cancer Res.60(2000)760-765]、和使用双链RNA的RNA干扰技术[V.M.Macaulay et al.WO-A-03/100059]。
使用反义寡核苷酸来抑制IGF-1受体在角化细胞中的表达已经表现出逆转了牛皮癣病变中表皮的过度增殖[C.J.Wraight et al.Nat.Biotechnol.18(2000)521-526]。
IGF-1受体的降调还可能对以下疾病具有好的效果:如糖尿病性视网膜病[L.K.Shawver et al.DDT2(1997)50-63]、动脉粥样硬化、再狭窄(restinosis)[A.Bayes-Genis et al.Circ.Res.86(2000)125-130]、以及风湿性关节炎[J.Pritchard et al.J.Immunol.173(2004)3564-3569]。
IGF-1受体系统被认为是预防和/或治疗与IGF-1受体的表达或过度表达相关的疾病的有吸引力的目标,IGF-1受体作用于所述疾病的增殖[L.Long etal.Cancer Research 55(1995)1006-1009,R.Baserga TIBTECH 14(1996)150-152;R.Baserga et al.Endocrine 7(August 1997)99-102;V.M.Macaulay etal.Annals of Oncogene 20(2001)4029-4040;A.J.Salisbury et al.Horm.Metab.Res.35(2003)843-849;Mitsiades,C.S.et al.Cancer Cell 5(2004)221-230]。
称作酪氨酸磷酸化抑制剂(tyrphostins)的一系列物质已经被声称能够降调或抑制IGF-1受体的表达[M.Parrizas et al.Endocrinology 138(1997)1427-1433;G.Blum et al.Biochemistry 39(2000)15705-15712;G.Blum et al.J.Biol.Chem.278(2003)40442-40454]。酪氨酸磷酸化抑制剂的缺点是在细胞系统中的活性低并且与胰岛素受体的交叉反应。
已经证实高浓度的三苯氧胺(tamoxifen)能够降调或抑制IGF-1R的β亚基的酪氨酸磷酸化,从而阻断了下游信号[L.Kanter-Lewensohn et al.Mol.Cell.Endocrinology 165(2000)131-137]。
US 6,337,338B1中描述了许多杂芳基-芳基脲物质作为IGF-1受体的拮抗剂。在对MCF-7和MCF-10细胞系的细胞生长抑制研究中,这些物质表现出的活性很低。
WO 02/102804A1中证实鬼臼毒素(podophyllotoxin)、脱氧鬼臼毒素、苦鬼臼脂素(picropodophyllin)和脱氧苦鬼臼脂素可以作为GF-1受体的选择性的有效的抑制剂。之前已经表明脱氧苦鬼臼脂素在延缓接种有淋巴细胞性白血病L1210的小鼠的死亡方面优于脱氧鬼臼毒素[A.Akahori et al.Chem.Pharm.Bull.20(1972)1150-1155]。但是没有给出作用机理。
WO 02/102805A1表明乙酰基鬼臼毒素、鬼臼乙叉苷(epipodophyllotoxin)、鬼臼毒酮(podophyllotoxone)和4′-脱甲基鬼臼脂素(4′-demethylpodophyllotoxin)也是IGF-1R磷酸化的强效抑制剂。
在两篇专利公开文献(WO 03/048133A1和WO 02/092599A1)中描述了许多嘧啶衍生物作为IGF-1受体的调控剂。然而,这些嘧啶表现出的对IGF-1R的降调活性较差。
WO 01/32624(DU PONT PHARM CO)公开了4-苯基取代的四氢异喹啉化合物。这些化合物可通过抑制对去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺和5-羟色胺的再摄取而用于治疗多种神经和精神紊乱(例如ADHD)。
WO 2004/054996(AXELAR AB)涉及属于取代的1-苯基-四氢萘的一类化合物及其作为胰岛素样生长因子-1受体的抑制剂的用途。所述化合物可用于治疗IGF-1R依赖症,如癌症、牛皮癣、动脉硬化和肢端肥大症。
WO 02/102804(KAROLINSKA INNOVATIONS AB)涉及特定的环木脂体(cyclolignans)在抑制胰岛素样生长因子-1受体中的用途,其中9和9′位上的碳原子具有顺式构型。所述化合物可用于治疗IGF-1R依赖症,如癌症、牛皮癣、动脉粥样硬化和肢端肥大症。优选的化合物为苦鬼臼脂素。
China Raju B等公开了通过原位生成对苯醌甲基化物而形成新的C-C键,从而以极高的产率合成4-芳基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉(“Quinone methideinitiated cyclization reaction:synthesis of 4-aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines”TETRAHEDRON LETTERS,ELSEVIER,AMSTERDAM,NL,vol.45,n°40,27 September 2004,pp 7487-7489,XP004561736 ISSN:0040-4039)。
EP-A-1 113 007(PFIZER)涉及一种作为雌激素促效剂和拮抗剂的四氢异喹啉及其制药用途。所述化合物可用于治疗或预防肥胖症、乳腺癌、骨质疏松症、子宫内膜异位、心血管疾病、前列腺疾病等。
PCT/CH2004/000147(Analytecon S.A.)提供了一种新的具有令人惊讶的改进的IGF-1R降调活性的杂环化合物。
然而,还需要具有例如改进的水溶性及不同的物理性质和代谢性质的IGF-1R降调化合物来替代PCT/CH2004/000147中以及别处所述的化合物。
本发明意在提供新的具有IGF-1R降调活性的化合物,其中顺利地解决了上述问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的通过如下列通式(I)所示的化合物和该化合物的药学上可接受的盐而实现:
其中,
R1表示氢、OH、CN、三氟甲基、NH2、NHCN、NHCOCH3、NHCOCH2CH3、NHCHO、NHCOOCH3、氨基C1-C6烃基、氨基C1-C3二烃基、C1-C6烃氧基、C1-C6烃基、或羰基-R9,其中,R9表示氢、C1-C6烃基、C1-C6烃氧基、C1-C6烃基-R10、C1-C6烃氧基-R10、氨基C1-C6烃基-R10、和C1-C3二烃基-R10,R10表示甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、OH、CN、NH2、具有C1-C3烃基的酯基、和具有C1-C3烃基的碳酸酯基中的至少一种;
当R3和R4形成羰基时,R2表示氢、C1-C6烃基、CH2CH2N(CH3)2、NH2、NHCH3、N(CH3)2、NHCN、NHCOCH3、NHCOCH2CH3、NHCHO或NHCOOCH3;
当R3=R4=H时,R2表示氢、C1-C6烃基、CN、CHO、COOCH3、COOCH2CH3或COCH3;
R3和R4表示氢,或者R3与R4一起形成羰基;
R6表示氢,或者R6与R7一起形成亚甲基二氧基或亚乙基二氧基;
R7表示甲基、卤素、C1-C4烃氧基、部分或全部氟化的C1-C2烃氧基、甲硫基、乙硫基、三氟甲基、氢,或者R7和R8一起形成亚甲基二氧基或亚乙基二氧基;如果R8为OH或OX,则R7可以为氢;
R8表示氢、OH、C1-C4烃基、OH、C1-C4烃氧基、部分或全部氟化的C1-C2烃氧基、三氟甲基、卤素、或OX;
R3′和R5′各自独立地表示OH、甲基、乙基、甲氧基、部分或全部氟化的甲氧基、三氟甲基、或卤素;
U表示N或CR2′,其中R2′表示氢、C1-C4烃基、C1-C4烃氧基、三氟甲基、或卤素;
V表示N或CR4′,其中R4表示氢、C1-C6烃氧基、部分或全部氟化的C1-C4烃氧基、C1-C6烃基、OH、三氟甲基、卤素、或OX;
W表示N或CR6′,其中R6′表示氢、C1-C4烃基、C1-C4烃氧基、三氟甲基、或卤素;
其中,OX表示带来如下所定义的药物前体性质的基团;
并且满足以下条件:
当R1为H,R2和R7为甲基,R3、R4、R6、R8和R4′为H时,R3′和R5′不为F;
当R1、R2和R7为甲基,R3、R4、R6、R8和R4′为H时,R5′不为F;或者
当R1为H,R2和R7为甲基,R3、R4、R6和R8为H,R4′或R5′不为F。
式(I)的化合物的优选实施方式可以从以下的描述中推出。
本发明的另一目的是式(I)的化合物在制备药物中的用途,特别是在制备用于预防或治疗其中IGF-1受体的表达或功能需要受到降调或抑制的疾病的药物中的用途,以及含有式(I)的化合物的药物组合物。
具体实施方式
在此所用的术语“含有(comprise)”一般用作包括(include)的意思,即可以存在一个或多个特征或成分。
式(I)的化合物为4-芳基-1,4-二氢-3(2H)-异喹啉和4-芳基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉的衍生物。
在上式(I)中,R1优选为氢、OH、NH2、氨基(C1-C3)烃基、氨基(C1-C3)二烃基、CH2OH、COOCH3、OCOOCH3、甲基、乙基等。R1最优选为氢或甲基;
当R3和R4形成羰基时,R2优选为甲基、乙基或NH2,R2的特别优选的例子为甲基;
当R3=R4=H时,R2优选为甲基、乙基、CN、CHO、COCH3或COOCH3;
R7优选为OCHF2、甲氧基、OCH2CF3或乙氧基;
R8优选为氢、OH、甲基、甲氧基、卤素或OX;特别优选地,R8为氢、OH、甲氧基或OX,R7为OCHF2、甲氧基、OCH2CF3或乙氧基。R8和R7的最优选的取代基模式为:R8=氢、OH或OX,并且R7=OCHF2、OCH2CF3、甲氧基或乙氧基。
R9表示氢、C1-C6烃基、C1-C6烃氧基或C1-C3烃基-R10;
在本发明中,R10表示甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、OH、CN、NH2、具有C1-C3烃基的酯基、具有C1-C3烃基的碳酸酯基中的至少一种(一种、两种或更多种)。
在式(I)中,4-位上的取代基可以为苯取代基(U=CR2′;V=CR4′;W=CR6′)、4-吡啶基取代基(U=CR2′;V=N;W=CR6′)、2-吡啶基取代基(V=CR4′;U=N、W=CR6′,或者U=CR2′、W=N)、2-嘧啶基取代基(U、W=N;V=CR4′)、4-嘧啶基取代基(V=N;U=CR2′、W=N,或者U=N、W=CR6′)或者三嗪基取代基(U、V、W=N)。
4-位上的取代基的优选取代模式为:R3′和R5′各自独立地为氯、溴、甲基、甲氧基或OCHF2。在一个更优选的实施方式中,R3′和R5′相同,即,它们都为氯、溴、甲基、甲氧基或OCHF2;在另一优选实施方式中,R3′为氯或溴,R5′为甲氧基。最优选地,R3′和R5′均为氯、溴或OCHF2。当4-取代基为苯基时,则R2′和R6′优选为氢。R4′优选为氢、氯、溴、甲基、甲氧基、OCHF2或OX。作为4-取代基的苯基上的三种最优选的取代模式为:a)R2′、R6′为氢,R3′、R4′、R5′为甲氧基;b)R2′、R6′为氢,R3′为氯,R4′、R5′为甲氧基;和c)R2′、R6′为氢,R4′为氢或OX,R3′和R5′都为氯、溴、或OCHF2。由于苯基可以自由旋转,因此在b)中R3′和R5′的定义可以互换。
在式(I)的取代基定义中所用的C1-C4烃基或C1-C4烃氧基中的烃基残基可以为支链的、无支链的或环状的,并且可以含有双键或三键。例如,它为甲基、乙基、正丙基、正丁基、异丙基、仲丁基、叔丁基、环丙基、环丁基、乙烯基、2-丙烯基、1-丁烯基、2-丁烯基、3-丁烯基或炔丙基。优选为甲基、乙基或异丙基,特别优选甲基。
C1-C6烃基或C1-C6烃氧基中的烃基残基可以为支链的、无支链的或环状的,并且可以含有双键或三键。无支链的烃基的例子为:甲基、乙基、正丙基、正丁基、正戊基和正己基。支链的烃基的例子为:异丙基、仲丁基、叔丁基、(1,1-二乙基)甲基、(1-丙基-1-甲基)甲基、(1-异丙基-1-甲基)甲基、(1,1-二甲基-1-乙基)甲基、(1-叔丁基)甲基、(1-丙基-1-乙基)甲基、(1-异丙基-1-乙基)甲基、(1,1-二乙基-1-甲基)甲基、和(1-叔丁基-1-甲基)甲基。环状烃基的例子为:环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、或(2-或3-甲基)环戊基。不饱和烃基的例子为:乙烯基、2-丙烯基、3-丙烯基、1-丁烯基、2-丁烯基、3-丁烯基、1-戊烯基、2-戊烯基、3-戊烯基、4-戊烯基、1,3-戊二烯基、1,4-戊二烯基、2,4-戊二烯基、或炔丙基。
在本发明上下文中,术语″卤素″是指氟、氯或溴。
在本发明上下文中,术语″IGF-1受体″包括氨基酸序列已知的人IGF-1受体[例如,见.T.E.Adams et al.Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 2000,57,p.1050-1093],但是它还包括其它IGF-1R,例如一般哺乳动物的IGF-1R。
根据本发明,所述药学上可接受的盐由酸性无机化合物或酸性有机化合物、或者碱性无机化合物或碱性有机化合物形成。
在此所用的术语″药学上可接受的盐″是指保留有特定化合物的游离酸和碱的生物效力的盐,并且不是生物学上或其他方面不良的。当U、V和W中的至少一个为氮并且X基含有碱性氮原子时,式(I)的化合物的药学上可接受的盐为使用药学上可接受的酸所形成的酸加成盐。
需要的盐可以通过现有技术中已知的任何合适的方法制备,所述方法包括用无机酸或有机酸对游离碱进行处理,所述无机酸的例子包括盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸等;所述有机酸的例子包括甲酸,乙酸,顺丁烯二酸,丁二酸,扁桃酸,反丁烯二酸,丙二酸,丙酮酸,草酸,乙醇酸,水杨酸,吡喃糖苷酸(pyranosidyl acid)如葡萄糖醛酸或半乳糖醛酸,α-羟酸如柠檬酸或酒石酸,氨基酸如天冬氨酸或谷氨酸,芳族酸如苯甲酸或肉桂酸,璜酸如甲磺酸、对甲苯璜酸或乙璜酸等。
在本发明中,优选的铵盐衍生自盐酸、氢溴酸、甲璜酸、乙酸、丙酸、苯甲酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、苹果酸、顺丁烯二酸、反丁烯二酸、乳酸、硝酸、磷酸或丁二酸。
一般地,所述盐可以通过将游离碱与化学计量的或过量的形成所需盐的无机酸或有机酸在合适的溶剂或各种组合溶剂中进行反应而制得。例如,可以将所述游离碱溶于合适的酸的混合水溶液中,并通过标准技术如对溶液进行蒸发而回收所述盐。另外,可以将所述游离碱放入到有机溶剂中(例如低碳烷醇、具有2-10个碳原子的对称或不对称的醚、烷基酯、或者它们的混合物等),然后用合适的酸进行处理,以形成相应的盐。可以通过标准回收技术来回收盐,例如,从混合物中过滤出所需的盐;或者,可以加入不能溶解盐的溶剂,使盐沉淀并从中回收盐。
适用于进行各种反应的无机溶剂和有机溶剂的例子包括不会对反应物或所得的产物有不利影响的任何无机溶剂或有机溶剂,包括:卤化溶剂,如二氯甲烷、氯仿;醚溶剂,如二乙醚;以及其它溶剂,如四氢呋喃、二氧杂环己烷、二甘醇二甲醚、环辛烷、苯或甲苯、庚烷、环己烷、脂肪烃以及脂环烃和芳烃溶剂、水、酸化的水溶液、混合的有机和无机溶液、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、以及它们的混合物。
本发明还包括由酸性药物前体(如磷酸盐)与碱性无机或有机化合物所形成的盐。盐中所含的无机阳离子优选为锂、钠、钾、铷、铵、钙、镁、锌和锰。磷酸盐的制备如G.R.Pettit et al.Anti-Cancer Drug Design 16(2001)185-193所述。
优选的盐还包括由酸性药物前体与有机铵所形成的盐,包括但不限于咪唑和吗啉。也可以使用碱性氨基酸盐。根据本发明,术语″氨基酸″特别表示天然存在的α-氨基酸,但是还包括它们的同系物、异构体和衍生物。对映异构体也被称为异构体的例子。例如,衍生物可以为具有保护基的氨基酸。碱性氨基酸优选为精氨酸、鸟氨酸、二氨基丁酸、赖氨酸或羟基赖氨酸,特别优选L-精氨酸、L-赖氨酸或L-羟基赖氨酸;碱性二肽或药学上可接受的碱性氨基酸衍生物。
本发明还涉及式I的化合物的药物前体,该药物前体在体内转变成式I的化合物。因此,任何对式I的化合物的描述应当理解为也是对式I的化合物的相应药物前体的描述。
为了本发明的目的,“药物前体”是包括活性药物的非活性形式(母体化合物)或包括能够使药物具有优选的性质的化学基团的实体。也就是说,它涉及能够对细胞产生所需的生理作用的组分,但是它最初是惰性的(即,不会产生所述作用),只有在经过某些修饰后才变得具有生理活性并且对细胞产生所述生理作用。特别地,式I的化合物的衍生物具有可化学降解的或可代谢降解的基团,并且在生物转化后变得具有药理活性。
药物前体或它的盐的生物转化在生理条件下(如体内)进行,并且归因于与酶或体液(如胃酸、血液等)的反应,因此经过酶氧化、还原、水解等或者化学水解而转变成式I的活性母体化合物。
在此所用的术语“母体化合物”、“活性母体化合物”或“活性药物”可以在此互换使用来表示本发明的式I的化合物。
术语″生理作用″涉及药物可能对细胞的任何作用,以改善被给药该药物的受试者的健康状态。产生该作用以治疗、预防疾病、缺陷或病症,或者减轻疾病、缺陷或病症的某些症状。
在本发明中,OX表示带来药物前体性质的基团,其中OX基团可以存在于R8或R4′中。另外,OX基团可以既存在于R8中又存在于R4′中(当V表示CR4′时)。
优选地,-OX基团(R8和/或R4′)表示如上所述的磷酸酯衍生物、酯衍生物、碳酸酯衍生物(母体化合物的酰氧基衍生物)和/或相连的聚乙二醇衍生物。在本发明的范围内,也可以使用本领域技术人员所公知的视为等价物的其它任何合适的衍生物。
当式I的化合物具有羟基时,药物前体的例子为碳酸酯衍生物,该碳酸酯衍生物是通过将式I的化合物与合适的烃基氯甲酸酯或芳基氯甲酸酯进行反应而制得的。作为药物前体,特别优选的酰氧基衍生物为-OCOOCH3、-OCOOC2H5、-OCOOC3H7、-OCOOCH(CH3)2、-OCOOC4H9、-OCOO-对苯甲酸钠、-OCOOCH2CH2COONa、-OCOOCH2CH2N(CH3)2等。
酯衍生物的例子为甲酸酯、乙酸酯、苯甲酸酯(如OCO-对苯甲酸钠)、二甲基氨基乙酸酯、氨基烷基酯、羧基烷基酯、氨基酸酯等。
最优选地,OX基团表示磷酸酯衍生物。
本发明还包括延长了循环寿命的式I的化合物的化学修饰。具有该性质的合适的聚乙二醇衍生物的例子如US 2005171328(NEKTARTHERAPEUTICS AL CORP)或US 6,713,454(NOBEX CORP)所述。由于式I的化合物为高度亲脂的,因此PEG-低聚物/聚合物还提高了药物前体的亲水性,从而提高了它们的水溶性。
合适的药物前体衍生物的选择方法和制备方法在文献中有描述,如Design of Prodrugs,Elsevier,Amsterdam 1985;G.R.Pettit et al.Anti-CancerDrug Design 16(2001)185-193。
本发明的化合物(I)可以参考方案1、2、3和4,使用如下所述的方法制得。优选地,如方案1和2所述,本发明的化合物(I)是通过将适当取代的苄胺(III)与适当取代并保护的扁桃酸(VII)进行反应以得到酰胺(VIII)而合成的。用强路易斯酸如三氟乙酸对酰胺(VIII)进行处理,生成化合物(I)(R3、R4=羰基)。化合物(I)的另外的制备方法如方案3和4所述。后一种方法尤其适用于当4-芳基具有两个或两个以上吸电子取代基时,或者R4’=H时。
之前已经公开了4-芳基-1,4-二氢-3(2H)-异喹啉的一些衍生物的制备方法:[D.J.Hart,et al.J.Am.Chem.Soc.100(1978)1548-1557;S.V.Kessar,et al.J.C.S.Chem.Comm.(1989)1074-1075;A.P.Venkov,et al.Synthesis(1982)486-487;O.S.Petrov,et al.Synthesis(1987)637-638;A.P.Venkov,et al.Synthesis(1991)476-478;N.Coskun,et al.Synthetic Communications 23(1993)1393-1402;J.Toda,et al.ARKIVOC(2000,Vol.1,Part2)165-180;T.Honda,etal.J.Org.Lett.3(2001)631-633]。
例如,用氢化铝锂[如J.Toda et al.ARKIVOC(2000,Vol.1,Part2)165-180所述]或二氢-二(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)铝酸钠(Red-Al)对化合物I(R3、R4=羰基)进行还原,得到4-芳基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉的衍生物(I,R3=R4=H)。
胺(III)可以通过现有技术中已知的技术由适当取代的苯甲醛(II)或苯甲酮(II)制得。对于胺(III)的制备,可以参考U.Holzgrabe[Arch.Pharm.Weinheim320(1987)647-654]、A.P.Venkov et al.[Synthesis,1991,476-478]和H.J.Kumpaty et al.[Synthetic Communications 33(2003)1411-1416]。
适当取代的苯甲醛和苯甲酮是公知的,或者可以通过标准的方法容易地合成。本领域技术人员可以理解的是,在本发明的方法中,起始试剂或中间体化合物中的特定官能团如羟基可能需要用保护基团进行保护。因此,化合物(I)的制备可能涉及添加或去除一个或多个保护基团。官能团的保护和去保护如“Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry”,edited by J.W.F.McOmie,Plenum Press(1973)and“Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis”,2nd edition,T.W.Greene and P.G.M.Wuts,Wiley-Interscience(1991)所述。
适当取代的苯甲酮可以由相应的苯甲醛容易地得到。取代的苯甲醛与烷基锂或烷基格氏试剂反应,得到1-芳基-1-羟基烷烃,然后通过氧化生成所需的苯甲酮衍生物。
例如,在本发明中,用于芳族羟基的合适的保护基团为苄基和异丙基。苄基和异丙基可以分别通过催化加氢(催化剂Pd/碳)和用BCl3进行处理而除去。其它试剂为三甲基-碘代硅烷,特别适用于存在二氟甲氧基的情况。
方案1中适当取代的苯甲醛(II)可以商购得到,也可以通过文献得知。
可用于合成一些优选的化合物(I)的一些已知的苯甲醛(II)的例子如下:
苯甲醛(II) | 美国化学文摘号 |
3-甲氧基苯甲醛 | 591-31-1 |
2-氟-3-甲氧基苯甲醛 | 103438-88-6 |
2-氯-3-甲氧基苯甲醛 | 54881-49-1 |
2-溴-3-甲氧基苯甲醛 | 10401-18-0 |
2-羟基-3-甲氧基苯甲醛 | 148-53-8 |
3-乙氧基苯甲醛 | 22924-15-8 |
2-氯-3-乙氧基苯甲醛 | 99586-82-0 |
3-乙氧基-2-羟基苯甲醛 | 492-88-6 |
2-氯-3-甲基苯甲醛 | 61563-28-8 |
2-溴-3-甲基苯甲醛 | 109179-31-9 |
3-异丙氧基苯甲醛 | 75792-33-5 |
2-羟基-3-丙氧基苯甲醛 | 222031-84-7 |
3-丁氧基-2-羟基苯甲醛 | 91849-57-9 |
2-羟基-3-异丁氧基苯甲醛 | 222031-85-8 |
2-羟基-3-异丙氧基苯甲醛 | 222031-87-0 |
3-甲基苯甲醛 | 620-23-5 |
2-羟基-3-甲基苯甲醛 | 824-42-0 |
2,3-二甲氧基苯甲醛 | 86-51-1 |
2,3-二乙氧基苯甲醛 | 24454-82-8 |
2-乙氧基-3-甲氧基苯甲醛 | 66799-97-1 |
3-乙氧基-2-甲氧基苯甲醛 | 75792-34-6 |
3-异丙氧基-2-甲氧基苯甲醛 | 218903-24-3 |
2-甲氧基-3-甲基苯甲醛 | 67639-61-6 |
2-乙氧基-3-甲基苯甲醛 | 532965-62-1 |
3-甲氧基-2-甲基苯甲醛 | 56724-03-9 |
3-羟基-2-乙基苯甲醛 | 532966-36-2 |
3-甲氧基-2-丙基苯甲醛 | 97582-12-2 |
2-异丙基-3-甲氧基苯甲醛 | 93351-17-8 |
2-丁基-3-甲氧基苯甲醛 | 151038-64-1 |
2-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-3-甲氧基苯甲醛 | 151038-66-3 |
3,4-亚甲基二氧苯甲醛 | 120-57-0 |
3,4-亚乙基二氧苯甲醛 | 29668-44-8 |
3-(三氟甲氧基)苯甲醛 | 52771-21-8 |
3-羟基-2-甲氧基苯甲醛 | 66495-88-3 |
3-羟基-2-乙氧基苯甲醛 | 182067-51-2 |
3-羟基-2-丙氧基苯甲醛 | 508202-83-3 |
3-(甲硫基)苯甲醛 | 73771-35-4 |
3-(乙硫基)苯甲醛 | 87425-00-1 |
3-溴-2-氟苯甲醛 | 149947-15-9 |
2-氟-3-羟基苯甲醛 | 103438-86-4 |
2-氯-3-羟基苯甲醛 | 56962-10-8 |
2-溴-3-羟基苯甲醛 | 196081-71-7 |
3-羟基苯甲醛 | 100-83-4 |
3-羟基-2-甲基苯甲醛 | 90111-15-2 |
3-羟基-2-丙基苯甲醛 | 532966-38-4 |
3-羟基-2-异丙基苯甲醛 | 532966-40-8 |
2-丁基-3-羟基苯甲醛 | 532966-42-0 |
2-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-3-羟基苯甲醛 | 532966-46-4 |
3-羟基-2-(1-甲基丙基)苯甲醛 | 532966-44-2 |
2-羟基-3-三氟甲氧基苯甲醛 | 497959-31-6 |
2-羟基-3-(甲硫基)苯甲醛 | 67868-82-0 |
3-苄氧基-2-羟基苯甲醛 | 86734-59-0 |
方案1
方案2
方案3
方案4
2-(C1-C4)烃基-3-(C1-C4)烃氧基苯甲醛[即,R8=(C1-C4)烃基,R7=(C1-C4)烃氧基]可以用相应的(C1-C4)烃基溴化物通过Williamson醚化作用由2-(C1-C4)烃基-3-羟基-苯甲醛合成。2-(C1-C4)烃基-3-三氟甲氧基苯甲醛[即,R8=(C1-C4)烃基,R7=OCF3]可以通过用1,3-二溴-5,5-二甲基乙内酰脲和HF/吡啶进行处理由相应的3-烃基黄原酸酯合成。[Raab,C.E.et al.J.Labelled CpdRadiopharm 44(2001)815-829以及其中所引用的文献]。三氟乙氧基通常通过在二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中在60℃-140℃下,用2,2,2-三氟乙基甲璜酸酯对合适的苯氧化物离子进行处理而引入[Camps,F.et al.Synthesis(1980)727-728]。二氟甲氧基可以通过将合适的苯酚与金属碳酸盐和氯化二氟乙酸甲酯在DMF中在60℃-120℃下进行反应而引入[例如,见EP0812308B1]。
2-(C1-C4)烃氧基-3-(C1-C4)烃氧基苯甲醛[即,R8=(C1-C4)烃氧基,R7=(C1-C4)烃氧基]和2-(C1-C4)烃氧基-3-三氟甲氧基苯甲醛[即,R8=(C1-C4)烃氧基,R7=OCF3]可以分别用相应的(C1-C4)烃基溴化物通过Williamson醚化作用并分别施用如上所述的“黄原酸酯反应”而由2-(C1-C4)烃氧基-3-羟基-苯甲醛合成。另外,所有这些化合物都可以通过醚化作用以及随后的脱苄基作用和3-羟基的醚化作用而从3-苄氧基-2-羟基-苯甲醛获得。
2-(C1-C4)烃基-3-甲硫基-苯甲醛[即,R8(C1-C4)烃基,R7=甲硫基]和2-(C1-C4)烃基-3-乙硫基苯甲醛[即,R8=(C1-C4)烃基,R7=乙硫基]可以分别通过将其格氏试剂与二甲硫基化物或二乙硫基化物反应而由2-(C1-C4)烃基-3-溴苯甲醛二乙基乙缩醛而合成(类似的反应请见M.Euerby et al.,SyntheticCommunications 11(1981),849-851)。
2-(C1-C4)烃氧基-3-甲硫基-苯甲醛[即,R8=(C1-C4)烃氧基,R7=甲硫基]和2-(C1-C4)烃氧基-3-乙硫基苯甲醛[即,R8=(C1-C4)烃氧基,R7=乙硫基]可以分别通过将其格氏试剂与二甲硫基化物或二乙硫基化物反应而由2-(C1-C4)烃氧基-3-溴苯甲醛二乙基乙缩醛而合成(类似的反应请见M.Euerby et al.,Synthetic Communications 11(1981),849-851)。这些起始原料的另一种途径是将2-羟基-3-(甲硫基)苯甲醛或2-羟基-3-(乙硫基)苯甲醛醚化(A.Makoto et al.Bull.Chem.Soc.Jpn.51(1978)2435-2436)。
方案1中适当取代的扁桃酸(VI)可以商购得到,可以通过文献得知,或者按照如下通用的方法所述的步骤或通过本领域技术人员公知的其它技术容易地由适当取代的苯甲醛(V)或苯甲酸而合成。取代的扁桃酸的纯对映异构体可以通过将相应的外消旋物拆分而制得,将相应的外消旋物拆分的方法为用光学活性的胺将它们的盐结晶[Colon,D.F.Et al.J.Org.Chem.56(1991)2322-2326]或者进行酶拆分[Campbell,R.F.et al.Tetrahedron Letters 44(2003)5477-5481]。
可用于合成一些优选的化合物(I)的一些已知的扁桃酸(VI)的例子如下所列。还包括一些可以用作扁桃酸(VI)的制备原料的苯甲醛(V)和苯甲酸,所述扁桃酸(VI)适用于一些优选的化合物的制备(I)。
用于制备吡啶-、嘧啶-和三嗪-α-羟基乙酸(VI)的适合的起始原料的一些例子为如下已知的化合物:
羧酸、酰胺和乙基酯转化成它们相应的醛是本领域技术人员公知的常规步骤。
本发明的化合物具有至少一个手性中心,因此可以以不同的对映异构体形式存在。尽管化合物(I)特别优选为纯的对映异构体,但是本发明的范围也涵盖了所有的对映异构体以及它们的任意比例的混合物如外消旋混合物。
如本领域技术人员所公知,本发明的化合物(I)可以通过使它们与手性酸形成的加成盐结晶以纯的对映异构体形式而得到[例如,见D.L.Minor et al.J.Med.Chem.37(1994)4317-4328;US patent 4349472],或者也可以使用可商购的手性相通过准备好的高效液相色谱而分离到。获得本发明产物的纯的对映异构体的其它途径为使用不对称合成法[N.Philippe et al.Tetrahedron 59(2003)8049-8056]或者对它们的手性非对映异构的衍生物进行拆分。
在应用时,式(I)的化合物、它们的药学上可接受的盐以及它们的药物前体可以以药物组合物的形式进行给药,在该药物组合物中它们与药学上可接受的佐剂、稀释剂或载体进行组合,以由熟练的技术人员预防或治疗其中对IGF-1受体的抑制被认为是有益的任何疾病。本发明还提供了一种药物组合物,该药物组合物含有在上文中定义的式(I)的化合物或它们的药学上可接受的盐,以及药学上可接受的佐剂、稀释剂或载体。关于合适的赋形剂、稀释剂和佐剂,可以参考描述它们的标准文献,例如chapter 25.2 of Vol.5 of″Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry″,Pergamon Press 1990和″Lexikon derHilfsstoffe für Pharmazie,Kosmetik und angrenzende Gebiete″,by H.P.Fiedler,Editio Cantor,2002。
式(I)的化合物还可以包埋在制备好的微胶囊中,例如,通过凝聚(coacervation)技术或界面聚合法,例如分别在胶体药物传递系统(如脂质体、白蛋白微球、微乳液、纳米颗粒和纳米胶囊)或粗乳液(macroemulsion)中的羟甲基纤维素或凝胶微胶囊和聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)微胶囊。这些技术公开于Remington′s Pharmaceutical Sciences 16th edition,Osol,A.Ed.(1980)。
可以制备缓释制剂。合适的缓释制剂的例子包括含有式(I)化合物的固态疏水性聚合物的半透性基质,该基质的形式为成型制品如膜或微胶囊。缓释基质的例子包括聚酯、水凝胶(如聚(2-羟乙基-甲基丙烯酸酯)、或聚(乙烯醇))、聚乳酸(U.S.3,773,919)、L-谷氨酸与[γ]乙基-L-谷氨酸酯的共聚物、不可降解的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯、可降解的乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物如LUPRONDEPOT(TM)(由乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物和醋酸亮丙瑞林组成的可注入的微球体)、以及聚-D-(-)-3-羟基丁酸。
本发明实施例的化合物(I)在完整细胞系统中的IC50活性范围为8mg/ml至3ng/ml。由于活性差异很大,本发明的药物组合物优选含有0.001-50重量%的化合物(I)。
化合物(I)的每日剂量必须根据治疗的宿主、特定的给药途径以及正在治疗的疾病的严重程度和种类进行调整。因此,最佳的剂量可以由诊治特定病人的医生来确定。
当用于局部给药时,本发明的药物组合物可以被配制为乳剂、凝胶、溶液、软膏剂、悬浮液或硬膏剂等;用于吸入给药时,可以为气雾剂或干粉;用于口服给药时,为片剂、胶囊、凝胶、糖浆、悬浮液、溶液、粉剂或颗粒的形式;用于直肠或阴道给药时,为栓剂;或者,用于肠道外注射时(包括静脉注射、皮下注射、肌内注射、血管内注射、或输液),为无菌的溶液、悬浮液或乳液。
发现本发明的化合物能够降调或抑制人IGF-1受体的表达或功能,而不会抑制结构接近的胰岛素受体。发现它们能够促进恶性细胞的凋亡,并且能够通过阻止细胞进入有丝分裂周期的前期,而干扰细胞的分裂。化合物(I)可用于预防和/或治疗IGF-1R表达失调的疾病,所述疾病包括细胞增殖疾病如癌症、动脉粥样硬化、再狭窄、炎症疾病如牛皮癣、自身免疫性疾病如风湿性关节炎、和移植排斥。
“治疗”既指治疗学治疗也指预防的或预防性的措施。需要治疗的对象包括已经患有疾病的对象和需要预防疾病的对象。因此,在此所述的待治疗的哺乳动物可能已经被诊断出患有疾病、或者可能容易感染疾病或容易患上疾病。
为了治疗目的的“哺乳动物”指任何分类为哺乳动物的动物,包括人、驯服的和农场的动物或宠物如狗、马、猫、牛、猴等。优选地,哺乳动物为人。
术语“治疗有效剂量”是指有效地治疗哺乳动物的疾病的药物剂量。对于癌症,治疗有效剂量的药物可以减少癌细胞的数量、减小肿瘤的尺寸、抑制(即,在一定程度上减缓或优选停止)癌细胞向周围器官渗透、抑制(即,在一定程度上减缓或优选停止)肿瘤的转移、在一定程度上抑制肿瘤生长、和/或在一定程度上缓解与癌症相关的一种或多种症状。当药物达到预防生长和/或杀死现存的癌细胞的程度时,它可能是抑制细胞的和/或毒害细胞的。在此所用的术语“治疗有效剂量”是指剂量足以预防或使目标细胞团生长、发展或有丝分裂活性的临床重大变化,癌细胞或肿瘤群,或其它病理学特征优选降低至少约30%、优选至少50%、优选至少70%、优选至少80%、优选至少90%。
术语“癌”和“癌的”是指或描述典型特征在于细胞生长失调的哺乳动物的生理学状态。
其中IGF-1R失调或过度表达并且能够被式(I)的化合物所预防和/或治疗的癌的例子包括但不限于乳腺癌、前列腺癌、结肠癌、肺癌、肾癌、胰腺癌、黑素瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、淋巴瘤和白血病。
选择性地,化合物(I)可以与常规的治疗(如放射治疗)和/或一种或多种化疗试剂结合使用来抵抗细胞增殖疾病,所述化疗试剂的例子包括放线菌素(Actinomycin)、六甲蜜胺(Altretamine)、博来霉素(Bleomycin)、二甲磺酸丁酯(Busulphan)、卡培他滨(Capecitabine)、卡铂(Carboplatin)、卡氮芥(Carmustine)、苯丁酸氮芥(Chlorambucil)、顺铂(Cisplatin)、克拉屈滨(cladribine)、门冬酰胺酶(Crisantaspase)、环磷酰胺(Cyclophosphamid)、阿糖胞苷(Cytarabine)、达卡巴嗪(Dacarbazine)、柔红霉素(Daunorubicin)、阿霉素(Doxorubicin)、表阿霉素(Epirubicin)、依托泊甙(Etoposide)、氟达拉滨(Fludarabine)、氟尿嘧啶(Fluorouracil)、吉西他滨(Gemcitabine)、依达比星(Idarubicin)、异环磷酰胺(Ifosfamide)、伊立替康(Irinotecan)、洛莫司汀(Lomustine)、美法仑(Melphalan)、巯基嘌呤(Mercaptopurine)、甲氨蝶呤(Methotrexate)、丝裂霉素(Mitomycin)、米托蒽醌(Mitoxantrone)、奥沙利铂(Oxaliplati)、喷司他丁(Pentostatin)、甲基苄肼(Procarbazine)、链脲菌素(Streptozocin)、塔科(Taco)、替莫唑胺(Temozolomide)、硫鸟嘌呤(Tioguanine/Thioguanine)、噻替派(Thiotepa)、托泊替康(Topotecan)、曲奥舒凡(Treosulfan)、长春碱(Vinblastine)、长春新碱(Vincristine)、长春地辛(Vindesine)、或长春瑞宾(Vinorelbine)。
当化疗试剂与式(I)的化合物结合使用时,它们的使用形式可以为用于同时给药的含有这两种试剂的组合的药物,或者为各自含有一种试剂的单独剂型,在后一种情况下,可以依次使用单独的剂型,即先使用含有化合物(I)的剂型,然后使用含有化疗试剂的剂型(或者反之亦可)。两种单独的剂型的实施方式可以设计并提供为试剂盒的形式。
试剂盒一般包括容器和位于该容器上的或与该容器相连的标签或包装说明书。例如,合适的容器包括瓶、小瓶(vial)、注射器等。所述容器可以由各种材料形成如玻璃或塑料。所述容器容纳能够有效地治疗病症的化合物的组合物、药物前体、或它们的药学上可接受的盐,所述容器可以具有无菌入口部分(例如,所述容器可以为静脉溶液袋或具有能够被皮下注射针头刺穿的塞子的小瓶)。标签或包装说明书标明了用于治疗病症如癌症的成分。
除了在治疗药物中的用途之外,化合物(I)和它们的药学上可接受的盐还可以在用于评价细胞循环活性抑制剂在实验动物中的效果的体内测试系统的开发与标准化进程中用作药理学工具,作为对新治疗试剂的部分进行搜索,所述实验动物的例子包括猫、狗、兔、猴、大鼠和小鼠。
本领域技术人员可以理解的是,除了具体描述的实施方式之外,在此所描述的本发明容易进行改变或修改。需要理解的是,本发明包括所有不脱离其主旨和实质特点的改变或修改。本发明还包括说明书中单独地或共同地提及或指出的步骤、特征、组合物和化合物、以及任意和所有的组合或者所述步骤或特征中的任意两种或两种以上。因此,本发明公开的内容应该从所述的所有方面而不受限定地考虑,本发明的范围由随附的权利要求指出,在该意思内或等价物的范围内的所有变化都包括在本发明中。
在整个说明书中引用了许多文献,它们在此都以全部内容引入作为参考。
参考以下实施例将能够更全面地理解以上描述。然而,这些实施例是实施本发明的示范性方法,不是为了限制本发明的范围。
实施例
实施例中所描述的产物具有令人满意的质子核磁共振波谱和/或质谱数据。熔点未作修正。除非用分别表示右旋对映异构体和左旋对映异构体的(+)或(-)标明,实施例中所描述的物质为外消旋物。通过如下条件下的色谱法实现纯的对映异构体的分离:在Chiralcel OD-R柱(Daicel)上使用乙腈和水的混合物[0.5mol/l高氯酸钠,含有1.1体积%的乙酸和三乙胺的混合物(2M/1M)]作为洗脱剂进行色谱分析,或者在Chiralcel-OD-I(20μM)柱上使用正丁基甲基醚和二氯甲烷的混合物作为洗脱剂进行色谱分析。
实施例1-18:化合物(I)的合成
除非特别说明,在实施例1-18中使用如下常规方法:
1、制备胺(III,方案1):
将适当的胺(0.1mol)加入到合适的苯甲醛(II,0.1mol)的甲醇(300ml)溶液中。在室温下搅拌1小时后,将溶液冷却至0℃,然后一部分一部分地添加硼氢化钠(0.05mol)。将得到的溶液在室温下搅拌1小时,然后浓缩至干燥状态。将残留物分离于二氯甲烷(300ml)和氢氧化钠水溶液(200ml,2M)之中。分离出二氯甲烷相,并用盐酸(2×200ml,2M)萃取。将水相调节为碱性(pH11-12),并用二氯甲烷(2×200ml)萃取。将有机相干燥(硫酸钠),并浓缩至干燥状态,留下胺(III),胺(III)不用进一步纯化而可以直接使用。
当起始的胺为挥发性时,还可以将相应的盐酸盐与等摩尔量的固态氢氧化钠一起使用。
2、制备芳基-α-羟基乙酸(VI)
将氰化钾(0.25mol)、三乙基苄基-氯化铵(0.009mol)、水(50ml)和二氯甲烷(50ml)的混合物冷却至0℃。在0℃下,在30分钟内向剧烈搅拌的混合物中滴加含有合适的醛(IV,0.2mol)和乙酸酐(0.2mol)的二氯甲烷(60ml)溶液。在0℃下继续搅拌30分钟,然后在室温下继续搅拌1小时。将有机相分离、干燥并浓缩至干燥状态,留下粗制的芳基-α-乙酸基乙腈。通过乙醇-水进行结晶,得到纯的芳基-α-乙酸基乙腈(V)。
在15℃下将干燥的氯化氢(3mol)在合适的芳基-α-乙酸基乙腈(0.35mol)的无水甲醇(1000ml)溶液中鼓泡50分钟。在室温下放置2小时后,将混合物浓缩至干燥状态。将残留物和水(750ml)搅拌2小时,然后加入氢氧化钠(100g)并继续搅拌过夜。用浓盐酸将混合物酸化,然后用氯化钠使之饱和并用乙酸乙酯(3×250ml)萃取。将有机相干燥并浓缩至干燥状态,留下粗制的芳基-α-羟基乙酸(VI)。
3、制备芳基-α-乙酰氧基乙酸(VII)
在室温下用乙酰基氯化物(100ml)将适当取代的扁桃酸(0.2mol)处理3小时。将澄清的溶液真空浓缩至干燥状态,残留的芳基-α-乙酰氧基乙酸用于后续的反应,或者通过用甲苯进行结晶而纯化。
4、制备酰胺(VIII)和(XIII)
将合适的芳基-α-乙酰氧基乙酸(VII)或2-芳基-2-(苯基硫烷基)乙酸(XII)(0.02mol)的二氯甲烷(40ml)溶液与1,1’-羰基二咪唑(0.021mol)在常温下反应30分钟。将得到的澄清溶液回流30分钟,然后加入溶有合适的胺(0.021mol)的二氯甲烷(10ml)。将混合物在室温下搅拌2小时后,依次用盐酸水溶液(20ml,1M)和碳酸氢钠水溶液(20ml,0.5M)洗涤。将有机相干燥,并浓缩至干燥状态,留下粗制的酰胺VIII或XIII。酰胺VIII或XIII用于制备式I的化合物,而不用进一步的纯化。
5、由酰胺VIII制备化合物I
将合适的酰胺VIII(0.02mol)在二氯甲烷(60ml)和三氟乙酸(20ml)中的溶液回流2-6小时。将混合物浓缩至干燥状态,将残留物通过甲醇或乙醇进行结晶,留下纯的化合物I(R3、R4=羰基)。
通过适当地使用如上通用的合成步骤1-5、以及“对一些典型实施例的制备的详细描述”中所述的方法,制得下表1中的化合物(I)。表中所给的熔点未作修正。
对一些典型实施例的产物的详细描述
化合物9:2-甲基-4-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)-6,7-亚乙基二氧-1,4-二氢-3(2H)-异喹啉酮
1、将盐酸甲胺(16.5g)和氢氧化钠(9.8g)加入到3,4-亚乙基二氧苯甲醛(40.0g)的甲醇(700ml)溶液中。在室温下搅拌1小时后,将溶液冷却至0℃,然后一部分一部分地添加硼氢化钠(4.5g)。将得到的溶液在室温下搅拌1小时,然后浓缩至干燥状态。残留物分离于二氯甲烷(500ml)和氢氧化钠水溶液(400ml,2M)之中。分离出二氯甲烷相,并用盐酸(2×300ml,2M)萃取。将水相调节为碱性(pH 11-12),并用二氯甲烷(2×300ml)萃取。将有机相干燥(硫酸钠),并浓缩至干燥状态,留下N-甲基-3,4-亚乙基二氧苄胺,N-甲基-3,4-亚乙基二氧苄胺不用进一步纯化而可以直接使用。
2、将氰化钾(41.5g)、三乙基苄基-氯化铵(5.23g)、水(130ml)和二氯甲烷(150ml)的混合物冷却至0℃。在0℃下,在30分钟内向剧烈搅拌的混合物中滴加含有3,4,5-三甲氧基-苯甲醛(100.0g)和乙酸酐(52.1g)的二氯甲烷(150ml)溶液。在0℃继续搅拌30分钟,然后在室温下继续搅拌1小时。将有机相分离、干燥并浓缩至干燥状态,留下粗制的3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基-α-乙酸基乙腈。通过乙醇-水进行结晶,得到纯的产物(104g),熔点65-66℃。
3、在15℃下,将干燥的氯化氢(110g)在3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基-α-乙酸基乙腈(100g)的无水甲醇(1000ml)溶液中鼓泡50分钟。在室温下放置2小时后,将混合物浓缩至干燥状态。将残留物和水(750ml)搅拌2小时,然后加入氢氧化钠(100g)并继续搅拌过夜。用浓盐酸将混合物酸化,用氯化钠使之饱和并用乙酸乙酯(3×250ml)萃取。将有机相干燥并浓缩至干燥状态,留下粗制的3,4,5-三甲氧基扁桃酸(92.5g)。通过甲苯进行结晶,得到纯的产物(86.9g),熔点119-123℃。
4、在室温下,用乙酰基氯化物(150ml)将3,4,5-三甲氧基扁桃酸(80.5g)处理3小时。将澄清溶液真空浓缩至干燥状态,油状残留物通过用甲苯(280ml)进行结晶,得到纯的α-乙酸基-3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基乙酸(80.9g),熔点135-139℃。
5、将α-乙酸基-3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基乙酸(5.0g)的二氯甲烷(40ml)溶液与1,1’-羰基二咪唑(2,92g)在常温下反应30分钟。将得到的澄清溶液回流30分钟,然后加入溶有N-甲基-3,4-亚乙基二氧苄胺(3.26g)的二氯甲烷(10ml)。将混合物在室温下搅拌2小时后,依次用盐酸水溶液(20ml,1M)和碳酸氢钠水溶液(20ml,0.5M)洗涤。将有机相干燥,并浓缩至干燥状态,留下粗制的2-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)-2-乙酸基-N-甲基-N-3,4-亚乙基二氧苄基乙酰胺(7.27g)。
6、将上述步骤4的酰胺(6.2g)在二氯甲烷(60ml)和三氟乙酸(20ml)中的溶液回流6小时。将反应混合物浓缩至干燥状态,将残留物通过甲醇进行结晶,留下2-甲基-4-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)-6,7-亚乙基二氧-1,4-二氢-3(2H)-异喹啉酮(4.8g),熔点148-149℃。
化合物11:2-甲基-4-(3,5-二氯苯基)-7-甲氧基-1,4-二氢-3(2H)-异喹啉酮
1、将由通用的方法制得的3,5-二氯扁桃酸(22.0g,熔点:99-104℃,来自甲苯)溶入含有5重量%氯化氢的甲醇(500ml)中。在室温下放置20小时后,将混合物浓缩至干燥状态。残留的粗制3,5-二氯扁桃酸甲酯不用进一步纯化而可以直接用于下个步骤。
2、在0℃将甲磺酰氯(9.3g)添加到3,5-二氯扁桃酸甲酯(19.0g)和三乙胺(8.2g)的二氯甲烷(150ml)溶液中。添加之后,将混合物在室温下搅拌3小时,然后小心地添加水(150ml)。将有机相分离、干燥并浓缩至干燥状态,得到油状的2-(3,5-二氯苯基)-2-甲磺酰氧基-乙酸甲酯(23.6g)。
3、在50℃下,将2-(3,5-二氯苯基)-2-甲磺酰氧基-乙酸甲酯(8.2g的二甲基甲酰胺(30ml)溶液用溴化钾(4.0g)处理1.5小时。反应混合物分离于水(200ml)和乙酸乙酯(300ml)之中。分离出有机相,用水洗涤两次(2×200ml)并最终用饱和盐水溶液进行洗涤(200ml)。将乙酸乙酯溶液干燥,并浓缩至干燥状态,得到粗制的2-(3,5-二氯苯基)-2-溴乙酸甲酯(8g)。使用二氯甲烷作为洗脱剂,通过硅胶柱进行过滤,得到纯的油状物质(7.4g)。
4、在氮气保护下,将巯基苯(2.66g)和氢氧化钾(1.56g)的混合物在二氧杂环己烷中(200ml)在90℃下加热1小时。冷却至20℃后,添加2-(3,5-二甲氧基苯基)-2-溴乙酸甲酯(7.2g)的二氧杂环己烷(50ml)溶液,将该混合物回流2小时。再添加氢氧化钾(1.5g),并继续回流2小时。冷却至室温后,将悬浮液过滤,将滤液浓缩至干燥状态。残留物分离于二氯甲烷(300ml)和盐酸(1M,300ml)之中。将有机相干燥,并浓缩至干燥状态,留下粗制的2-(3,5-二氯苯基)-2-(苯硫基)乙酸。该粗制的产物先后用二氯甲烷和乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂在硅胶上进行色谱分离。将含有所要的产物的馏分浓缩至干燥状态,残留物通过二乙醚/己烷进行结晶,得到纯的2-(3,5-二氯苯基)-2-(苯硫基)乙酸(4.5g),熔点115-119℃。
5、将2-(3,5-二氯苯基)-2-(苯硫基)乙酸(1.65g)的二氯甲烷(50ml)溶液在室温下用1,1’-羰基二咪唑(0.90g)处理2小时。添加N-甲基-3-甲氧基-苄胺(1.0g)的二氯甲烷(15ml)溶液,并连续搅拌1小时。反应混合物用盐酸水溶液(1M,50ml)和氢氧化钠水溶液(1M,50ml)进行洗涤。将有机相干燥,并浓缩至干燥状态,留下粗制的粘性油状的N-(3-甲氧基-苄基)-N-甲基-2-(3,5-二氯苯基)-2-(苯硫基)-乙酰胺(1.8g)。
6、将上述步骤5得到的乙酰胺衍生物(1.5g)、高碘酸钠(1.15g)、甲醇(30ml)和水(20ml)的混合物加热回流2小时。将反应混合物过滤,将滤液浓缩至干燥状态。残留物用乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂在硅胶上进行色谱分离,得到粘性油状的N-(3-甲氧基苄基)-N-甲基-2-(3,5-二氯苯基)-2-(苯亚磺酰基)乙酰胺(1.2g)。
7、将三氟乙酸酐(1.5ml)加入到N-(3-甲氧基苯基)-N-甲基-2-(3,5-二氯苯基)-2-(苯亚磺酰基)乙酰胺(1.0g)的四氢呋喃(30ml)溶液中。反应混合物在室温下搅拌15分钟,然后浓缩至干燥状态。粗制的2-甲基-4-(3,5-二氯苯基)-4-(苯硫基)-7-甲氧基-1,4-二氢-3(2H)-异喹啉酮不用进一步纯化而如下用于下个步骤。
8、将2-甲基-4-(3,5-二氯苯基)-4-(苯硫基)-7-甲氧基-1,4-二氢-3(2H)-异喹啉酮(1.0g)和六水氯化镍(3.8g)的甲醇-四氢呋喃(3∶1,50ml)溶液冷却至0℃。在不高于5℃的温度下,在30分钟内将硼氢化钠(0.66g)一少部分一少部分地加入。将浆液过滤,将滤液浓缩至干燥状态。残留物分离于二氯甲烷(200ml)和氢氧化钠水溶液(2M,200ml)之中。将有机相干燥,并浓缩至干燥状态,留下粗制的2-甲基-4-(3,5-二氯苯基)-7-甲氧基-1,4-二氢-3(2H)-异喹啉酮(0.7g)。该粗制的产物用二氯甲烷和乙酸乙酯的混合物(8∶2)作为洗脱剂在硅胶上进行色谱分离。通过甲醇进行结晶,得到纯的目标化合物,熔点63-165℃。
化合物12:2-氨基-4-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)-7-甲氧基-1,4-二氢-3(2H)-异喹啉酮
1、将3-甲氧基苯甲醛(27.0g)和卡巴叔丁酯(25.0g)的四氢呋喃(350ml)溶液回流4小时。将反应混合物浓缩至干燥状态,得到油状的3-甲氧基苯亚甲基卡巴叔丁酯(48.8g),不用进一步纯化而可以直接用于下个步骤。
2、在20℃下,在45分钟内将二氢-二(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)铝酸钠(66ml,在甲苯中,浓度为3.5M)的四氢呋喃(15ml)溶液加入到溶于四氢呋喃(200ml)的3-甲氧基苯亚甲基卡巴叔丁酯(28.8g)中。添加完之后,将溶液在室温下搅拌3小时。用氢氧化钠水溶液(40ml,5%)小心地对反应混合物进行处理,然后加入水(200ml)和乙酸乙酯(500ml)。将有机相分离、干燥并浓缩至干燥状态,留下粗制的油状3-甲氧基-苄基卡巴叔丁酯(28g)。
3、将3,4,5-三甲氧基-α-乙酰氧基乙酸(2.3g)的二氯甲烷(20ml)在室温下与1,1’-羰基二咪唑(1.1g)反应30分钟。将得到的澄清溶液回流30分钟,然后添加溶于二氯甲烷(5ml)的3-甲氧基-苄基卡巴叔丁酯(1.3g)。混合物在室温下搅拌24小时后,先后用盐酸水溶液(20ml,1M)和碳酸氢钠水溶液(20ml,0.5M)进行洗涤。将有机相干燥,并浓缩至干燥状态。残留物通过在硅胶上进行色谱分离(二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯8/2)而纯化,得到油状的2-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)-2-乙酸基-N-(卡巴叔丁酯)-N-(3-甲氧基苄基)乙酰胺(1.5g)。
4、将上述步骤3得到的乙酰胺(1.4g)溶于三氟乙酸(15ml)中,将该溶液在40℃下保持5小时。反应混合物浓缩至干燥状态,残留物分离于盐酸水溶液(50ml,2M)和乙酸乙酯(50ml)之中。用氢氧化钠将水相调节为碱性,并用二氯甲烷(2×50ml)进行萃取。将有机相干燥,并浓缩至干燥状态,得到为浅黄色固体的目标化合物(0.97g)。将胺转变为盐酸盐,并通过甲醇进行结晶,得到2-氨基-4-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)-7-甲氧基-1,4-二氢-3(2H)-异喹啉酮盐酸盐,熔点164-167℃。
化合物13:2-甲基-4-(3,5-二甲氧基苯基)-7-甲氧基-1,4-二氢-3(2H)-异喹啉酮
1、将根据通用的方法制得的3,5-二甲氧基扁桃酸(22.0g,熔点141-145℃,来自甲苯)溶入含有5重量%氯化氢的甲醇(500ml)中。在室温下放置20小时后,将混合物浓缩至干燥状态。将残留的粗制3,5-二甲氧基扁桃酸甲酯溶于干燥的二乙醚中(100ml),并在0℃下用三溴化磷(13.3g)处理。添加之后,将混合物在室温下搅拌2小时。通过添加冰水(200ml)和二氯甲烷(200ml)来淬灭反应。将有机相干燥,并浓缩至干燥状态,得到粗制的2-(3,5-二甲氧基苯基)-2-溴乙酸甲酯。
2、在氮气保护下,将巯基苯(5.91g)和氢氧化钾(3.48g)的混合物在二氧杂环己烷中(200ml)在80℃下加热1小时。冷却至20℃后,添加2-(3,5-二甲氧基苯基)-2-溴乙酸甲酯(15.0g)的二氧杂环己烷(100ml)溶液,将该混合物回流2小时。再添加氢氧化钾(1.5g),并继续回流2小时。冷却至室温后,将悬浮液过滤,将滤液浓缩至干燥状态。残留物分离于二氯甲烷(300ml)和盐酸(1M,300ml)之中。将有机相干燥,并浓缩至干燥状态,留下粗制的2-(3,5-二甲氧基苯基)-2-(苯硫基)乙酸。通过二乙醚进行结晶,得到纯的化合物(7.2g),熔点124-126℃。
3、将2-(3,5-二甲氧基苯基)-2-(苯硫基)乙酸(6.0g)的二氯甲烷(50ml)溶液在室温下用1,1’-羰基二咪唑(3.24g)处理2小时。添加N-甲基-3-甲氧基-苄胺(3.4g)的二氯甲烷(15ml)溶液,并连续搅拌1小时。反应混合物用盐酸水溶液(1M,50ml)和氢氧化钠水溶液(1M,50ml)洗涤。将有机相干燥,并浓缩至干燥状态,留下粗制的粘性油状的N-(3-甲氧基-苄基)-N-甲基-2-(3,5-二甲氧基苯基)-2-(苯硫基)-乙酰胺(9.1g)。
4、将上述步骤3得到的乙酰胺衍生物(4.1g)、高碘酸钠(3.3g)、甲醇(50ml)和水(30ml)的混合物加热回流1.5小时。将反应混合物过滤,将滤液浓缩至干燥状态。残留物用乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂在硅胶上进行色谱分离,得到粘性油状的N-(3-甲氧基苄基)-N-甲基-2-(3,5-二甲氧基苯基)-2-(苯亚磺酰基)乙酰胺(2.7g)。
5、将三氟乙酸酐(3.9ml)加入到N-(3-甲氧基苯基)-N-甲基-2-(3,5-二甲氧基苯基)-2-(苯亚磺酰基)乙酰胺(2.6g)的四氢呋喃(30ml)溶液中。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌10分钟,然后浓缩至干燥状态。粗制的2-甲基-4-(3,5-二甲氧基苯基)-4-(苯硫基)-7-甲氧基-1,4-二氢-3(2H)-异喹啉酮不用进一步纯化而直接用于下个步骤。
6、将2-甲基-4-(3,5-二甲氧基苯基)-4-(苯硫基)-7-甲氧基-1,4-二氢-3(2H)-异喹啉酮(2.4g)和六水氯化镍(8.8g)的甲醇-四氢呋喃(3∶1,100ml)溶液冷却至0℃。在不高于5℃的温度下,在30分钟内将硼氢化钠(4.2g)一少部分一少部分地加入。将浆液过滤,将滤液浓缩至干燥状态。残留物分离于二氯甲烷(200ml)和氢氧化钠水溶液(2M,200ml)之中。将有机相干燥,并浓缩至干燥状态,留下粗制的2-甲基-4-(3,5-二甲氧基苯基)-7-甲氧基-1,4-二氢-3(2H)-异喹啉酮(1.3g)。通过甲醇进行结晶,得到纯的化合物,熔点137-139℃。
化合物15:(+)-2-甲基-4-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)-8-羟基-7-甲氧基-1,4-二氢-3(2H)-异喹啉酮
1、将氯化甲胺(67.5g)、氢氧化钠(26.8g)和干燥分子筛(3×3mm,3,50g)加入到2-异丙氧基-3-甲氧基苯甲醛(119.4g)的甲醇(800ml)溶液中。在室温下搅拌20小时后,将溶液冷却至0℃,然后一部分一部分地添加硼氢化钠(18.0g)。将得到的溶液在室温下搅拌1小时,然后浓缩至干燥状态。残留物分离于二氯甲烷(700ml)和氢氧化钠水溶液(400ml,2M)之中。分离出二氯甲烷相,并用盐酸(2×400ml,2M)萃取。将水相调节为碱性(pH 11-12),并用二氯甲烷(2×400ml)进行萃取。将有机相干燥(硫酸钠),并浓缩至干燥状态,留下2-异丙氧基-3-甲氧基-N-甲基苄胺(97.1g),不用进一步纯化而可以直接使用。
2、将α-乙酰氧基-3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基-乙酸(5.0g)的二氯甲烷(50ml)溶液在室温下用1,1’-羰基二咪唑(2.92g)处理30分钟。将该溶液回流30分钟,然后在其中添加溶于二氯甲烷(10ml)的2-异丙氧基-3-甲氧基-N-甲基苄胺(3.26g)。反应混合物在室温下搅拌3小时,然后先后用盐酸水溶液(20ml,1M)和碳酸氢钠水溶液(20ml,0.5M)进行洗涤。将有机相干燥,并浓缩至干燥状态,留下粗制的2-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)-2-乙酰氧基-N-甲基-N-(2-异丙氧基-3-甲氧基苄基)乙酰胺(7.27g)。
3、将上述步骤2得到的酰胺(6.2g)在二氯甲烷(60ml)和三氟乙酸(20ml)中的溶液加热回流6小时。将反应混合物过滤,将滤液浓缩至干燥状态。残留物通过甲醇进行结晶,得到2-甲基-4-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)-8-异丙氧基-7-甲氧基-1,4-二氢-3(2H)-异喹啉酮(4.8g),熔点128-129℃。
4、在Chiralcel OD-I CSP(20μM,25×250mm)上,使用叔丁基甲基醚和二氯甲烷的混合物作为洗脱剂,通过准备好的HPLC分离出2-甲基-4-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)-8-异丙氧基-7-甲氧基-1,4-二氢-3(2H)-异喹啉酮的R和S对映异构体。两种对映异构体被回收为无定形固体。
5、将两种对映异构体(各自0.90g)单独地溶于二氯甲烷中(50ml),并用三氯化硼(1M,6ml)在0℃下处理5分钟。在室温下搅拌30分钟后,加入冰水(100ml)和二氯甲烷(100ml)。将有机相分离、干燥并浓缩至干燥状态。残留物通过甲醇进行结晶,得到目标化合物,熔点193-196℃,[α]D 20+17.1°,c=0.75,(CHCl3),以及左旋异构体,熔点192-195℃,[α]D 20-16.8°,c=0.75,(CHCl3)。
化合物16:2-甲基-4-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)-7-甲氧基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉
在20℃下,将二氢-二(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)铝酸钠溶液(Red-Al,66ml,3.5M甲苯溶液)加入到溶于四氢呋喃(100ml)的2-甲基-4-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)-7-甲氧基-1,4-二氢-3(2H)-异喹啉酮(2.4g,化合物1)中。添加后,将该溶液回流6小时。用氢氧化钠水溶液(40ml,5%)小心地对该反应混合物进行处理,然后加入水(100ml)和乙酸乙酯(200ml)。将有机相分离、干燥并浓缩至干燥状态。残留物转化成盐酸盐,并通过甲醇进行结晶,得到目标化合物,熔点201-204℃。
化合物17:1,2-二甲基-4-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)-7-甲氧基-1,4-二氢-3(2H)-异喹啉酮
1、将丙氧化钛(IV)(130ml)加入到甲醇的甲胺溶液中(125ml,8M),然后添加3-甲氧基苯甲酮(50g)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌5小时,然后在0-5℃下,小心地添加硼氢化钠(12g)。将该混合物在室温下搅拌2小时,然后添加水(60ml)。将无机沉淀物过滤掉,将滤液浓缩至干燥状态。残留物分离于乙酸乙酯(400ml)和盐酸水溶液(2M,400ml)之中。将水相调节为碱性(pH11-12),并用二氯甲烷(2×300ml)进行萃取。将有机相干燥,并浓缩至干燥状态,留下粘油状的1-(3-甲氧基苯基)-N-甲基乙胺(43.4g)。
2、将α-乙酰氧基-3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基-乙酸(7.1g)的二氯甲烷(20ml)溶液在室温下与1,1’-羰基二咪唑(4.06g)反应30分钟。将溶液回流30分钟,然后在其中添加溶于二氯甲烷(10ml)的1-(3-甲氧基苯基)-N-甲基乙胺(4.13g)。将混合物在室温下搅拌2小时后,先后用盐酸水溶液(20ml,1M)和碳酸氢钠水溶液(20ml,0.5M)进行洗涤。将有机相干燥,并浓缩至干燥状态,得到粗制的2-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)-2-乙酰氧基-N-甲基-N-[1-(3-甲氧基苯基)乙基]乙酰胺(7.27g)。
3、将上述步骤2得到的酰胺(4.2g)在二氯甲烷(60ml)和三氟乙酸(20ml)中的溶液加热回流4小时。将反应混合物浓缩至干燥状态。残留物用二氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯(6∶4)作为洗脱剂,在硅胶上进行色谱分离。将第一馏分浓缩至干燥状态,残留物通过甲醇进行结晶,得到非对映异构体I,熔点135-140℃。第三馏分含有非对映异构体II,回收为无定形固体。
化合物18:2-氰基-4-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)-7-甲氧基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉
1、将化合物16(1.8g)和溴化氰(1.0g)的溶液回流6小时。将该溶液蒸发至干燥状态,残留物分离于二氯甲烷(100ml)和盐酸水溶液(2M,100ml)之中。将有机相干燥,并浓缩至干燥状态。残留物通过甲醇进行结晶,得到目标化合物(0.7g),熔点113-116℃。
生物学数据
实施例19:对人癌细胞系Jurkat、MCF-7和SK-MEL 28的细胞生长抑
制研究
将MCF-7和SK-MEL 28细胞(约3000个细胞/200μl)转移至96孔板中,在存在或不存在测试化合物的情况下,在补充有10%的胎牛血清并含有青霉素、链霉素和两性霉素B(Amimed Ltd.)的RPMI培养基(Gibco)中,在37℃下生长48小时。对于Jurkat细胞,使用相同的方法进行培养,不同的是,细胞密度为约50000个细胞/200μl,并且培养时间限定为24小时。在培养时间的末期,使用MTT实验(Sigma)来测定Jurkat、SK-MEL 28和MCF-7细胞系的细胞生长抑制。在上述测试中发现,实施例的化合物在至少一种细胞系中,IC50为8mg/ml至3ng/ml。
实施例20:化合物15在MCF-7细胞中对IGF-1受体的磷酸化的抑制作
用
使MCF-7细胞对血清饥饿20小时,用化合物15处理3小时,并最终用10nM IGF-1刺激5分钟。将细胞溶解,将溶解产物通过SDS-PAGE和免疫印迹(Y1135/1136)对磷酸基-IGF-1R进行分析。发现在化合物15的存在下,IGF-1受体的磷酸化受到剂量依赖方式的抑制,IC50为约1μM。
实施例21:外消旋化合物15在MF-55细胞中对胰岛素受体底物1(IRS-1)
的磷酸化的抑制作用
将MF-55细胞(恶性黑素瘤)饥饿20小时,然后将细胞团的一半用外消旋化合物15(100ng/ml)培养1小时。用IGF-1(50ng/ml)激活5分钟后,将两份细胞样品在使细胞膜和核包膜发生破裂的特殊的缓冲液中(UpstateLtd.,Dundee,UK)进行溶解。通过离心除去细胞碎片后,由Upstate Ltd对上清液进行磷酸化的IRS-1分析。与对照相比,外消旋化合物15的存在使磷酸化的IRS-1的量降低了20%。通过抑制IGF-1受体的功能,胰岛素受体底物1的磷酸化受到了抑制。
实施例22:化合物15在DU-145细胞中对MAPK的磷酸化的抑制作用
用化合物15将DU-145细胞(前列腺癌)在无血清培养基中培养过夜。用IGF1(50nM)刺激15分钟后,细胞被溶解,溶解产物通过免疫印迹对磷酸基-MAPK进行分析。发现在化合物15的存在下,MAPK(Erk1/2)的磷酸化受到剂量依赖方式的抑制,IC50为约0.3μM。用作标准的苦鬼臼脂素的IC50为约5μM。
Claims (19)
1.一种如下列通式(I)所示的化合物和该化合物的药学上可接受的盐:
其中,
R1表示氢、OH、CN、三氟甲基、NH2、NHCN、NHCOCH3、NHCOCH2CH3、NHCHO、NHCOOCH3、氨基C1-C6烃基、氨基C1-C3二烃基、C1-C6烃氧基、C1-C6烃基、或羰基-R9,其中,R9表示氢、C1-C6烃基、C1-C6烃氧基、C1-C6烃基-R10、C1-C6烃氧基-R10,R10表示甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、OH、CN、NH2、以及具有C1-C3烃基的酯基中的至少一种;
R3和R4表示氢,或者R3与R4一起形成羰基;
当R3和R4形成羰基时,R2表示:氢、C1-C6烃基、CH2CH2N(CH3)2、NH2、NHCH3、N(CH3)2、NHCN、NHCOCH3、NHCOCH2CH3、NHCHO或NHCOOCH3;
当R3=R4=H时,R2表示:氢、C1-C6烃基、CN、CHO、COOCH3、COOCH2CH3或COCH3;
R6表示氢,或者R6与R7一起形成亚甲基二氧基或亚乙基二氧基;
R7表示甲基、C1-C4烃氧基、部分或全部氟化的C1-C2烃氧基、三氟甲基、甲硫基或乙硫基,或者R7和R8一起形成亚甲基二氧基或亚乙基二氧基;
R8表示氢、C1-C4烃基、OH、C1-C4烃氧基、部分或全部氟化的C1-C2烃氧基、三氟甲基、或卤素;
R3′和R5′各自独立地表示OH、甲基、乙基、甲氧基、部分或全部氟化的甲氧基、三氟甲基、或卤素;
U表示N或CR2′,其中R2′表示氢、C1-C4烃基、C1-C4烃氧基、三氟甲基、或卤素;
V表示N或CR4′,其中R4′表示氢、C1-C6烃氧基、部分或全部氟化的C1-C4烃氧基、C1-C6烃基、OH、三氟甲基、或卤素;
W表示N或CR6′,其中R6′表示氢、C1-C4烃基、C1-C4烃氧基、三氟甲基、或卤素;
并且满足以下条件:
当R1为H,R2和R7为甲基,R3、R4、R6、R8和R4′为H时,则R3′和R5′不为F;
当R1、R2和R7为甲基,R3、R4、R6、R8和R4′为H时,则R5′不为F;或者
当R1为H,R2和R7为甲基,R3、R4、R6和R8为H时,则R4′或R5′不为F。
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物和该化合物的药学上可接受的盐,其中,R3和R4一起形成羰基。
3.根据权利要求1所述的化合物和该化合物的药学上可接受的盐,其中,R1表示氢或C1-C6烃基,R2表示氢、C1-C6烃基、CH2CH2N(CH3)2、NH2、NHCH3、N(CH3)2、NHCN、NHCOCH3、NHCOCH2CH3、NHCHO、或NHCOOCH3。
4.根据权利要求1所述的化合物和该化合物的药学上可接受的盐,其中,R7表示甲氧基、OCHF2、或乙氧基。
5.根据权利要求1所述的化合物和该化合物的药学上可接受的盐,其中,R8表示OH、甲氧基、或卤素。
6.根据权利要求1所述的化合物和该化合物的药学上可接受的盐,其中,R7表示甲氧基、OCHF2、或乙氧基,R8表示OH、甲氧基、或卤素。
7.根据权利要求1所述的化合物和该化合物的药学上可接受的盐,其中,R3′和R5′各自独立地表示氯、溴、甲基、OCHF2、或甲氧基。
8.根据权利要求1所述的化合物和该化合物的药学上可接受的盐,其中,R3′和R5′相同。
9.根据权利要求8所述的化合物和该化合物的药学上可接受的盐,其中,R3′和R5′表示氯、溴、或OCHF2。
10.根据权利要求1所述的化合物和该化合物的药学上可接受的盐,其中,U和W表示CH,V表示CR4′。
11.根据权利要求10所述的化合物和该化合物的药学上可接受的盐,其中,R4′表示氢、氯、溴、甲基、甲氧基、或OCHF2。
12.根据权利要求1所述的化合物和该化合物的药学上可接受的盐,其中,R3′、R4′和R5′表示甲氧基;或者,R3′表示氯,R4′和R5′表示甲氧基;或者,R4′表示氢,R3′和R5′均表示氯、溴、或OCHF2。
13.根据权利要求1-12中的任意一项所述的化合物和该化合物的药学上可接受的盐,其中,该化合物为4-(R)或4-(S)对映异构体。
14.根据权利要求1-12中的任意一项所述的化合物和该化合物的药学上可接受的盐,其中,所述药学上可接受的盐是由酸性无机化合物或酸性有机化合物、或者碱性无机化合物或碱性有机化合物形成的。
15.权利要求1-14中的任意一项所述的化合物在制备用于预防或治疗其中胰岛素样生长因子-1受体的表达或功能需要受到降调或抑制的疾病的药物中的用途。
16.根据权利要求15所述的用途,其中,所述疾病选自细胞增殖疾病、动脉硬化、再狭窄、炎症、自体免疫疾病和移植排斥。
17.根据权利要求16所述的用途,其中,所述细胞增殖疾病为癌症,所述炎症为牛皮癣,所述自身免疫疾病为风湿性关节炎。
18.一种药物组合物,该组合物含有权利要求1-14中的任意一项所述的化合物,以及药学上可接受的佐剂、稀释剂、或载体。
19.一种制品,该制品含有权利要求1-14中的任意一项所述的化合物、以及化疗剂,在治疗其中胰岛素样生长因子-1受体的表达或功能需要受到降调或抑制的疾病中,所述化合物和化疗剂作为用于同时地、单独地或连续地给药的组合。
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CN1413197A (zh) * | 1999-11-03 | 2003-04-23 | 阿尔巴尼分子研究公司 | 4-苯基取代的四氢异喹啉及其阻断去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺和5-羟色胺重摄取的用途 |
WO2004054996A1 (en) * | 2002-12-18 | 2004-07-01 | Biovitrum Ab | New substituted 1-phenyl-tetrahydronaphtalene derivatives and their use as inhibitors of igf-1 receptor |
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CN100590118C (zh) * | 2004-03-12 | 2010-02-17 | 阿纳里特康股份有限公司 | 作为类胰岛素生长因子第1类受体抑制剂的杂环化合物 |
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CN1413197A (zh) * | 1999-11-03 | 2003-04-23 | 阿尔巴尼分子研究公司 | 4-苯基取代的四氢异喹啉及其阻断去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺和5-羟色胺重摄取的用途 |
WO2004054996A1 (en) * | 2002-12-18 | 2004-07-01 | Biovitrum Ab | New substituted 1-phenyl-tetrahydronaphtalene derivatives and their use as inhibitors of igf-1 receptor |
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ZA200801875B (en) | 2009-08-26 |
IL189883A0 (en) | 2008-11-03 |
ES2364673T3 (es) | 2011-09-12 |
AU2006288846B2 (en) | 2011-08-18 |
AU2006288846A1 (en) | 2007-03-15 |
BRPI0616732A2 (pt) | 2013-01-01 |
CA2621836C (en) | 2013-11-12 |
ATE505457T1 (de) | 2011-04-15 |
EP1931636A1 (en) | 2008-06-18 |
NZ566524A (en) | 2011-01-28 |
DE602006021327D1 (de) | 2011-05-26 |
EP1931636B1 (en) | 2011-04-13 |
WO2007029106A1 (en) | 2007-03-15 |
CN101258130A (zh) | 2008-09-03 |
US20090099229A1 (en) | 2009-04-16 |
JP2009507819A (ja) | 2009-02-26 |
KR20080042897A (ko) | 2008-05-15 |
HK1115500A1 (en) | 2008-11-28 |
DK1931636T3 (da) | 2011-07-25 |
NO20081207L (no) | 2008-05-27 |
EA200800785A1 (ru) | 2008-08-29 |
US8044067B2 (en) | 2011-10-25 |
CA2621836A1 (en) | 2007-03-15 |
IL189883A (en) | 2012-07-31 |
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