CN101254994B - 矿物复合物污水处理方法 - Google Patents

矿物复合物污水处理方法 Download PDF

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CN101254994B
CN101254994B CN200810060890XA CN200810060890A CN101254994B CN 101254994 B CN101254994 B CN 101254994B CN 200810060890X A CN200810060890X A CN 200810060890XA CN 200810060890 A CN200810060890 A CN 200810060890A CN 101254994 B CN101254994 B CN 101254994B
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王春伟
郑素群
单小松
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Zhejiang Walter New Material Co ltd
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Abstract

一种矿物复合物污水处理方法是将钙基或钠基或酸性膨润土粉碎成101-600目,将其它矿物粉碎成60-600目,将膨润土与其它种矿物组成矿物复合物,倒入待处理污水中,搅拌,再将24%的十八烷基三甲基氯化铵,倒入污水中,搅拌,再倒入絮凝剂,搅拌,沉降,进行水土分离、微生物处理、达标排放;污水与投入的矿物复合物的重量比为1000∶(0.2~2.5),膨润土用量与另外任何一种矿物用量比为(1~4)∶1,矿物复合物与十八烷基三甲基氯化铵的用量比为(2~17)∶1,矿物复合物与絮凝剂的用量比为(0.5~4)∶1。本方法可用于厕所、印染、焦化、农药、电镀污水的处理,具有处理成本低,应用面广、污泥沉积较少、不影响后续的微生物处理等优点。

Description

矿物复合物污水处理方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用一种或几种矿物作吸附剂,与表面活性剂和絮凝剂结合处理污水的方法。
背景技术
CN1462726公开了浙江大学的“有机膨润土合成——废水处理一体化方法”专利技术,利用有机膨润土这单一的矿物作吸附剂,用溴化十六烷基三甲铵作表面活性剂,按一定比例投入污水中进行净化处理。膨润土是一种高效廉价的吸附剂,此外,诸如硅藻土、凹凸棒土、沸石、海泡石等矿物均具有一定的吸附性能,且不同的矿物对有机污物的吸附有选择性,因此,除用某种单一的矿物作吸附剂外,还应考虑两种甚至多种矿物混合作吸附剂,以扩大不同有机污物的综合处理效果。该专利选用的溴化十六烷基三甲铵价高,而且沉降速度较慢、沉积的污泥较多,其溴离子对微生物的生存与繁衍不利,对后续的生物净化处理造成负面效果。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的上述不足,提供一种沉降速度较快的、沉积污泥较少的、成本低、对后续的微生物净化无负面作用的、可吸附多种有机污物的矿物复合物污水处理方法。
上述目的可通过如下措施实现:本矿物复合物污水处理方法是将钙基或钠基或酸性膨润土粉碎成101-600目,将矿物硅藻土、凹凸棒土、沸石分别粉碎成60-600目,将上述三种膨润土中的任一种加上上述的另三种矿物中至少一种组成矿物复合物,倒入待处理污水中,搅拌5-20分钟,再将作为表面活性剂的浓度为24%的十八烷基三甲基氯化铵,倒入待处理的污水中,快速搅拌5-20分钟,再倒入作为絮凝剂的聚丙烯酰胺、聚合季胺盐、聚合无机铝盐中至少一种,搅拌5分钟,沉降2-20分钟,再进行污泥分离或再进行微生物处理、达标排放;污水与投入的矿物复合物的重量比为1000∶(0.2~2.5),任何一种膨润土用量的与另外任何一种矿物用量重量比为(1~4)∶1,矿物复合物与十八烷基三甲基氯化铵的用量重量比为(2~17)∶1,矿物复合物与絮凝剂的用量重量比为(0.5~4)∶1。
所说的待处理污水为厕所污水、印染厂污水、焦化厂污水、农药厂污水、电镀厂污水,它们的主要有机污物是粪便的发酵分解物、微生物及其残留物、表面活性剂、有机颜料及溶剂、芳烃、稠环芳烃、苯、酚类、有机磷、杂环化合物及中间体、重金属离子与电镀化学剂。
本发明的有益效果是:污水处理的成本低,吸附与絮凝能力强,适用处理的污水种类多,沉降时间较短,污泥较少。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例作进一步详述:下表为每吨污水净化处理时所需的各种矿物、表面活性剂、絮凝剂原料及公斤数配比表。
Figure G200810060890XD00021
现以印染厂污水为例阐述其处理方法:先以污水池容积测算出污水总量,再对照表中实施例2印染厂污水的原料及公斤数配比:以每吨污水投入钙基(或钠基或酸性)膨润土0.9kg、凹凸棒土0.6kg搅拌15分钟,再投入浓度为24%的十八烷基三甲基氯化铵0.8kg,搅拌30分钟,再投入浓度为1%的聚丙烯酰胺0.5kg和聚合硫酸铝0.3kg,搅拌15分钟,沉降30分钟,上层清液用水泵抽出,下层沉降物用离心机或板框压滤机脱水,如水需进一步净化,还可用微生物净化处理,污泥可制砖、作肥泥。
其余实施例的厕所、焦化厂、农药厂、电镀厂污水根据表中对应的原料与公斤数按实施例2的同样方法处理。
需说明的是表中的各原料投入量只是以每吨污水计算的数量,整池污水各种原料的投入量应以污水总重的吨数乘以各原料公斤数之积来计算。因各种污水、不同地方的污水中有机物污染程度差别极大,实际投放原料与处理污水之比值,会有所突破。因此实施例所列的只是常用的比值,其它处于端值的实施例因能理解而不再一一举例。
本发明所用的原料如聚丙烯酰胺的浓度为1%、十八烷基三甲基氯化铵的浓度为24%,实施例中的投放量是指该浓度含量条件下应投入污水中的量,如浓度值不同,再计算相应的投放量,这属简单换算,不赘述。絮凝剂中的固态物质如聚合无机铝盐中可选用的聚合氯化铝、聚合硫酸铝,用工业纯级。
下面用几种代表性指标来说明污水处理效果:厨所污水脱氨率达88%,印染厂污水脱色率达92%,焦化厂污水中芳烃去除率达89%,农药厂污水的化学耗氧量(COD)小于90mg/L,电镀厂污水去铬离子率达93%。
现有技术中采用溴化十六烷基三甲铵作表面活性剂,价格也远比本申请用的十八烷基三甲基氯化铵高,而且单一的膨润土吸附不及本申请的多种矿物复合物吸附有机污物种类多、吸附性强,溴离子的存在有杀灭微生物的作用,不利后续的微生物净化处理。

Claims (2)

1.一种矿物复合物污水处理方法,其特征是将钙基或钠基或酸性膨润土粉碎成101-600目,将矿物硅藻土、凹凸棒土、沸石分别粉碎成60-600目,将上述三种膨润土中的任一种加上上述的另三种矿物中至少一种组成矿物复合物,倒入待处理污水中,搅拌5-20分钟,再将作为表面活性剂的浓度为24%的十八烷基三甲基氯化铵,倒入待处理的污水中,快速搅拌5-20分钟,再倒入作为絮凝剂的聚丙烯酰胺、聚合季胺盐、聚合无机铝盐中至少一种,搅拌5分钟,沉降2-20分钟,再进行水土分离、清液的微生物处理、达标排放诸后续工作;污水与投入的矿物复合物的重量比为1000∶(0.2~2.5),任何一种膨润土用量与另外任何一种矿物用量的重量比为(1~4)∶1,矿物复合物与十八烷基三甲基氯化铵的用量重量比为(2~17)∶1,矿物复合物与絮凝剂的用量重量比为(0.5~4)∶1。
2.如权利要求1所述的矿物复合物污水处理方法,其特征是所说的待处理污水为厕所污水、印染厂污水、焦化厂污水、农药厂污水、电镀厂污水,它们的主要有机污物是粪便的发酵分解物、微生物及其残留物、表面活性剂、有机颜料及溶剂、芳烃、稠环芳烃、苯、酚类、有机磷、杂环化合物及中间体、重金属离子与电镀化学剂。
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CN101648731B (zh) * 2009-09-21 2011-09-14 同济大学 焦化废水深度处理剂及应用
CN101863545B (zh) * 2010-06-30 2012-09-05 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 用于焦化废水的脱色剂及其使用方法
CN101992060A (zh) * 2010-10-09 2011-03-30 红云红河烟草(集团)有限责任公司 一种卷烟香精用脱色剂
CN105948205A (zh) * 2010-12-24 2016-09-21 荷兰联合利华有限公司 水净化组合物和方法
CN102180535B (zh) * 2011-03-25 2013-01-02 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 金属化合物复合矿物材料去除有机磷农药废水中磷的方法
CN104445542A (zh) * 2014-04-28 2015-03-25 广东金牌陶瓷有限公司 一种絮凝剂
CN104445543A (zh) * 2014-04-28 2015-03-25 广东金牌陶瓷有限公司 一种处理陶瓷砖抛光废水的方法
CN105148833B (zh) * 2015-10-16 2018-01-02 中国矿业大学(北京) 一种处理工业废水的改性复合硅藻土吸附剂及制备方法
CN105502568A (zh) * 2016-02-03 2016-04-20 轩脉家居科技(上海)有限公司 一种水处理剂及其制备方法
CN105854787A (zh) * 2016-04-26 2016-08-17 北京化工大学 一种用于重金属吸附的季铵盐改性凹凸棒石粘土的制备方法
CN105967350A (zh) * 2016-07-07 2016-09-28 安徽国能亿盛环保科技有限公司 一种含酶污水处理剂及制备方法
CN111302455A (zh) * 2019-05-06 2020-06-19 伍友 一种快速絮凝并耐负荷的复合型脱硫废水絮凝剂
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