CN101252940B - 用于改善皮肤疾病的包含腺苷钴胺素的外用组合物 - Google Patents
用于改善皮肤疾病的包含腺苷钴胺素的外用组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101252940B CN101252940B CN200680031564.5A CN200680031564A CN101252940B CN 101252940 B CN101252940 B CN 101252940B CN 200680031564 A CN200680031564 A CN 200680031564A CN 101252940 B CN101252940 B CN 101252940B
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- Prior art keywords
- adenosylcobalamin
- application
- preparation
- phosphocholine
- glycerol
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于改善皮肤疾病(例如牛皮癣)的外用组合物。所述组合物包含腺苷钴胺素(辅酶B12)作为活性剂的组合物,任选地,与其他的钴胺素混合。优选地,所述组合物以由磷脂和胆固醇制成的脂质体制剂的形式存在。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于改善皮肤疾病的外用组合物,特别是包含腺苷钴胺素(辅酶B12)作为活性成分的组合物,其中腺苷钴胺素在胞饮作用中构成了钴胺素的辅酶,因此能够改善包含钴胺素和其衍生物的常规制剂。并且显示了延迟的药物作用,由于其高分子量,以所施用药物为100%,相对超过90%的钴胺素或其衍生物被排泄出来,因此具有非常低的生物利用度。
背景技术
皮炎是由各种外部或内部原因导致的炎症,通常称作湿疹,包括特应性皮炎、传染性皮炎和脂溢性皮炎。
尽管已知特应性皮炎与免疫球蛋白(IgE)有关,但是直到现在并不能确定什么导致了特应性皮炎。由于外部因素例如各种抗原,特应性皮炎显示出各种症状,因为它对于特定物质具有过敏性特应性特征。特应性皮炎的症状的区域主要集中于婴儿期的面部,例如面部发红、渗出性炎症和脱皮以及非常痒的形式。尽管症状的区域通常限定于婴儿期的面部,但该症状会延伸到手臂和腿部,并发生毛发丘疹(即,变应性皮肤)。尽管有很多在12岁前治愈皮炎的情况,除手臂和腿部以外,患皮炎的成人在面部、胸部及颈的后部具有苔藓症状。这会引发儿童期哮喘,该疾病会持续很长时间,直至完全治愈了皮炎。但是,也有很多皮炎回复或复发并且不能完全治愈的情况。
现在使用抗组胺剂和甾类来治疗皮炎包括特应性皮炎。抗组胺剂通常用于抑制瘙痒,一些例子包括盐酸异丙嗪、马来酸氯苯胺、盐酸苯海拉明和美喹他嗪。尽管甾类具有显著的临床效力,但它具有各种副作用,一些例子包括氢化可的松丁酸酯、戊二酸地塞米松、二丙酸 倍他米松、丙酸氯倍米松和泼尼松龙。鉴于其治疗效力,外用的药物(例如,软膏)是最有效的,还没有该种形式的药物的已知替代品。此外,与治疗效果相伴的是,已知上述药物具有副作用,例如诱导的感染、继发性肾上腺皮质功能不全、糖尿病、消化性溃疡、多毛症、脱发、色素沉着等等。特别地,由于药物对皮肤的直接影响,外用的药物例如软膏显示了严重的副作用例如皮肤变薄或收缩和发红。因此,迫切需要稳定的药物,其副作用小于常规的皮炎药物。
具有复杂结构的钴胺素或维生素B12在水溶液中是可溶的,钴胺素或维生素B12是在食物中发现的维生素B组中的一种。钴胺素的基本化学结构包含两个部分,即卟啉环结构和具有α-糖苷键的核苷酸。卟啉环结构包括4个5,6-二甲基苯并咪唑环,它们的4个氮原子与钴原子形成了配位共价键,以产生螯合物。氰钴铵是钴原子与氰基相结合的钴胺素,不含该氰基的结构在营养学及生化学上是重要的。换句话说,在体内活化前除去氰基,钴胺素转变为辅酶和钴胺素酶。
人不能合成卟啉环结构,因此完全依靠食物来补充维生素B 12。尽管只有微生物可以合成基本的钴胺素分子,但所有哺乳动物的细胞可以将钴胺素转变为辅酶,即腺苷钴胺素和甲基钴胺素。羟基钴胺素、甲基钴胺素和腺苷钴胺素是从哺乳动物组织中分离出的钴胺素最常见的三种类型。但是仅仅甲基钴胺素和腺苷钴胺素可以在人的酶中发挥补充因子的作用。腺苷钴胺素构成了细胞的组分,并且存在于线粒体中,而甲基钴胺素通常可以在体液例如血清和脑脊髓液中或细胞质中发现。据报道,钴胺素及其衍生物具有抑制皮炎,特别是抑制特应性湿疹的炎症的活性,已知特应性湿疹的炎症是由炎性细胞因子例如白细胞介素(IL)-1α、IL-2、IL-6和干扰素(IFN)-γ的产生而导致的[YamashikiM.,Nishimura A.,Kosaka Y.;J.Clin.Lab.Immunol.;1992;37;173-182]。此外,钴胺素及其衍生物是特应性皮炎中发红和瘙痒的主要原因,据报道其可以有效抑制由炎性细胞因子诱导的NO的产生[Stucker M.,Pieck C.,Stoerb C.,Niedner R.,Hartung J.,Altmeyer P.;Br.J.Dermatol.;2004;150;977-983]。如上所述, 已经试图基于钴胺素及其衍生物对皮炎的治疗效果来制备外用的药物。
但是,如下所述,使用钴胺素及其衍生物治疗皮炎,特别是特应性皮炎的现有技术难以达到最大的局部作用。首先,它们主要使用氰钴铵的衍生物作为活性成分,在氰钴铵的衍生物在人体内转变为腺苷钴胺素前不能维持其作用。其次,钴胺素对于光和热是敏感和不稳定的,药物的作用容易降低。再次,皮肤的渗透率较低,导致治疗效果较低。
为了解决上述问题,还进行了其他尝试,以制备外用制剂例如脂质体、乳膏或凝胶,通过使用腺苷钴胺素作为活性成分,并加入皮肤促进剂以提高活性成分的渗透率。
U.S.5,798,341(1998.8.25.)公开了使用氰钴铵、羟基钴胺素和甲基钴胺素制备外用药物的方法,而Allergy Limited的U.S.6,255,294(2001.7.3.)公开了通过口服或胃肠外途径以片剂、胶、舌下和粘液制剂递送钴胺素及其衍生物的方法。另一方面,Audrey的U.S.专利申请10/782,827(2004.9.2.)公开了制备片剂、注射液和皮肤用制剂的方法,包括使用维生素B12和铜、叶酸和维生素C的组合,U.S.专利申请09/858,038(2002.11.21.)公开了一种将维生素B12制备成脂质体和将该制剂施用于特定疾病患者的方法。此外,Adeptsrus Holding Company(Canada)已经试图制备包含维生素B12的功能性化妆用的乳膏,以保护皮肤细胞和将水分保持在皮肤内。
但是,根据上述现有技术的制剂包含氰钴铵、羟基钴胺素和甲基钴胺素作为活性成分,这些制剂由于上述钴胺素的衍生物需要转变为在体内通过代谢成具有药物作用的辅酶功能的腺苷钴胺素而不能显示快速的药物效果。此外,由于下列原因,将钴胺素及其衍生物配制成口服制剂、注射和经皮制剂的尝试没有成功:当口服时,钴胺素或其衍生物显示了非常低的生物利用度。也就是说,相对于注射剂,超过90%的口服钴胺素或其衍生物在48小时内排泄出来,对于将氰钴铵包封在脂质体中和配制成注射剂的技术还没有具体和详细的描述。特别 地,注射后,仅有少量的钴胺素或其衍生物保留在皮肤中,而人们需要长效的注射剂来实现需要的结果。此外,还没有发展出提高钴胺素及其衍生物的皮肤渗透率,又转过来增强治疗效果的技术。
因此,本发明人完成了本发明,通过使用包含腺苷钴胺素作为活性成分的组合物,并将该组合物配制成乳化的乳膏、水合凝胶和凝胶,这些制剂包含含脂质体颗粒的腺苷钴胺素,并掺入了皮肤促进剂,因此,能够增强对皮炎的治疗效果。
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种外用的组合物,包含腺苷钴胺素作为活性成分,因此改善了皮肤渗透的效果。
发明详述
本发明涉及用于改善皮肤疾病的外用组合物,其包含腺苷钴胺素作为活性成分。腺苷钴胺素可以负载于包含磷脂和胆固醇的脂质体中。此外,本文的组合物可以进一步包含上述活性成分的具有C8-C16烷基的表面活性剂。
下文提供了本发明的详细描述。
本发明涉及一种包含作为活性成分的腺苷钴胺素(辅酶B12)的组合物,其中腺苷钴胺素在胞饮作用中构成了钴胺素的辅酶,因此能够改善包含钴胺素及其衍生物的常规制剂。同时,显示了延迟的药物作用,以所施用剂量为100%,相对超过90%的钴胺素或其衍生物被排泄出来,因此具有非常低的生物利用度。
当前用于治疗皮炎的钴胺素或其衍生物具有延迟药物作用和治疗效力较低的缺点,因为在它们转化为辅酶前它们不能显示药物作用,而且它们的皮肤渗透率较低。另一方面,在本发明中用作活性成分的腺苷钴胺素可以显示辅酶的药物作用,而在体内没有代谢过程,因此,导致快速的药物的作用。此外,本文的组合物包含生物学亲和的皮肤促进剂,因此改善了活性成分的皮肤渗透,并且在治疗特应性皮炎、湿疹和牛皮癣中是优良的。
下文提供了一种制备根据本发明的包含脂质体的腺苷钴胺素的方 法的详细描述。
通过将糖加入到常规获得的脂质体中,然后冷冻干燥,制备脂质体颗粒。
首先,从基于磷酸胆碱的化合物(PC)中选择至少一种磷脂,并通过与至少一种选自磷脂和胆固醇的物质混合来水合,然后冷冻干燥,以提供脂质体颗粒。
磷脂和胆固醇以1-10∶1(w/v)的混合比例混合。上述胆固醇用于增强疏水性结合,当混合比例在上述范围以外时脂质体颗粒之间会聚集或结块。优选地,混合磷脂的浓度控制在0.1-10mM内,在上述范围以外的情况中,药物的包封比例可能降低,脂质体颗粒会聚集或结块,损害了其稳定性。
基于磷酸胆碱的化合物(PC)在二酰基中具有3-24个碳,优选地,是选自1,2-二棕榈酰基-sn-甘油3-磷酸胆碱(DPPC)、1,2-二硬脂酰基(disteroyl)-sn-甘油3-磷酸胆碱(DSPC)、L-a-磷脂酰胆碱(HSPC)、1-棕榈酰基-2-戊二酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸胆碱(PGPC)、1,2-二月桂酰基-sn-甘油3-磷酸胆碱(DLPC)、1,2-二肉豆蔻酰基-sn-甘油3-磷酸胆碱(DMPC)和1,2-二油基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸胆碱(DOPC)中的至少一种。
将上述混合物溶解于脂类可溶的溶剂例如氯仿、甲醇和乙醇中,然后用蒸发冷凝器除去溶剂,因此得到了薄的脂层。加入通过浓度差异在药物负载中发挥作用的硫酸铵溶液以水合该脂层,这样形成了脂质体。然后将上述形成的脂质体减压挤出,这样产生了粒径为30-400nm,优选90-120nm的脂质体颗粒。
通过加入腺苷钴胺素将腺苷钴胺素负载于脂质体中。透析除去未负载的腺苷钴胺素。负载效率是70-100%。
然后,在1-30分钟里将糖加入到这样得到的脂质体溶液中,达到浓度为0.01-80mM(w/v),然后冷冻干燥,以提供包含粉末状腺苷钴胺素的脂质体颗粒。
上述糖是单糖、二糖或多糖,并不特别限定于任何种类,单糖的一些代表性的例子包括甘露醇、麦芽糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖和果糖,二 糖的例子包括麦芽糖、蔗糖和海藻糖,多糖的例子包括山梨糖醇、糊精和葡糖胺。将上述糖溶解于蒸馏水中,将该溶液制备成浓度为0.01-80mM。浓度低于0.01mM会在冷冻干燥过程中降低脂质体的稳定性并会引发脂质体颗粒聚集或结块,而浓度大于80mM会引发粘度提高并导致胶化降低,因为与磷脂相比,包含了非常大量的糖。冷冻干燥过程分为温度为-80℃到-70℃之间的冷冻过程和温度为-50℃到-40℃之间的连续干燥过程。
如上所述,根据本发明制备的包含腺苷钴胺素的脂质体颗粒可以用作载体来维持再分散下的脂质体形态。由于糖的快速分散,在选择性地控制最佳贮存温度、特定的糖、脂质体的浓度和混合比例的条件下,腺苷钴胺素可以贮存很长的时间,并改善了稳定性。
下文提供了制备根据本发明的包含腺苷钴胺素的水凝胶的方法的详细描述。
首先,将水溶性基质以3-10wt%的浓度完全溶解于蒸馏水中,将腺苷钴胺素加入到该溶液中以提供均匀的水溶液,将0.5-2wt%的乳化剂和40-60wt%的溶剂也加入到上述溶液中,然后进一步加入蒸馏水,以平衡该量。用匀质混合器以3,000-6,000rpm搅拌上述混合物直至它变得均匀,因此产生了凝胶。
水溶性基质的一些例子包括但不限于聚羧乙烯、卡波姆、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、聚丙烯酸、羧甲基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、明胶、藻酸盐、壳多糖或壳聚糖的衍生物及它们的混合物。此外,尽管优选施用非离子型表面活性剂作为乳化剂,但不限于该目的,也可以使用其他物质,例如聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯甘油脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯、甘油脂肪酸酯或它们的混合物。溶剂的一些例子包括但不限于,乙醇、异丙醇、乙酸乙酯、丙二醇、乙氧基二甘醇和它们的混合物。
下文提供了制备根据本发明的包含腺苷钴胺素的乳化的乳膏的方法的详细描述。
首先,将0.1-2.0wt%的氢氧化钠完全溶解于三级蒸馏水中,把 腺苷钴胺素也加入到该水溶液中,然后用磁力搅拌器在60-90℃下搅拌直至腺苷钴胺素完全溶解,这样制备除了包含活性成分的水相。分别以相对于总组合物5.0-15.0wt%和2.0-10.0wt%的浓度加入形成油相的基质和乳化剂,然后用磁力搅拌器在60-90℃下搅拌直至所有成分完全溶解,这样制备出了油相。
将水相和油相在60-90℃下缓慢混合,并用叶片式混合器搅拌20分钟,然后用匀质搅拌器以3,000-10,000rpm搅拌直至该组合物变得均匀,同时用恒温浴缓慢冷却至20-40℃,这样产生了乳化的乳膏,用真空完全除去所产生的泡沫。
本文形成油相的基质包括基于饱和或不饱和烃的油和其混合物。上述基于饱和烃的油的一些例子包括但不限于液状石腊、石蜡、角鲨烯、凡士林和其他基于支链烃的油,而上述基于饱和或不饱和烃的油的一些例子包括但不限于,天然油例如动物脂肪和植物油,它们都可以用于本发明。
特别地,本发明的另一个特征是,相对于1重量份的活性成分,本文的外用组合物进一步包含50-500重量份的皮肤渗透促进剂,因此增强了活性成分的治疗效果。
上述皮肤渗透促进剂的含量低于50重量份时会不足以增强活性成分的皮肤吸收,而大于500重量份的含量会导致在皮肤上使用时制剂发生相分离或减弱感觉。
在具有C8-C16烷基的表面活性剂中,将基于月桂基醚的化合物或基于C8-C16聚氧乙烯(PEO)的化合物加入到所制备的制剂中作为皮肤渗透促进剂,以增强皮肤吸收和皮肤亲和。基于月桂基醚的化合物的一些代表性的例子包括但不限于,肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、苄泽(Brij)30、月桂基硫酸钠、丙二醇单月桂酸酯、甘油单月桂酸酯、甘油单硬脂酸酯、甘油单油酸酯、甘油单肉豆蔻酸酯、月桂醇或聚氧乙烯-9-月桂醚。基于聚氧乙烯的化合物的一些例子包括但不限于苄泽90、泊洛沙姆、单棕榈山梨坦和三油酸山梨坦。
如上所述,本发明确定了,与包含钴胺素或其衍生物的治疗皮肤 疾病的常规组合物相比,本文的包含腺苷钴胺素的外用组合物治疗皮炎具有更优良的效果。相对于100wt%的总组合物,本文的包含腺苷钴胺素的组合物优选包含0.01-7wt%的活性成分。含量低于0.01wt%时不能显示令人满意的治疗效果,而含量大于7wt%时会导致皮肤刺激。
此外,除腺苷钴胺素外,本文的该组合物可以进一步包含至少一种已知的组分,例如甲基钴胺素、羟基钴胺素和氰钴铵,这样提供了等效或更优良的效果。
此外,除活性成分以外,本文的组合物可以进一步包含甾类例如地塞米松、倍他米松、氢化可的松、泼尼松龙和氯倍他索;免疫抑制药例如他克莫司、吡美莫司和环孢霉素;和维生素例如维A酸、维生素E醋酸酯和维生素B5,这样显示了更强的效果。
同时,本文的组合物可以配制成软膏、溶液、混悬液、硬膏剂和包含水的硬膏剂形式的药物或者乳剂、洗剂、乳膏、套装、皮肤洗剂和肥皂形式的化妆品,包括根据常规方法使用活性成分和药学可接受的载体或赋形剂。
尽管上述活性成分的有效使用剂量取决于皮炎的严重度或区域以及患者的年龄,但是它可以,例如以每日2次或多次使用,每次使用的剂量是0.1-5.0g。
实施例
本发明通过下列实施例进行了更具体的描述。本文的实施例仅仅是用于解释本发明,但不是以任何方式限制所要求保护的发明。
实施例1
在阻断光的条件下,如下所述制备本文的包含腺苷钴胺素的脂质体。
将1,2-二硬脂酰基-sn-甘油3-磷酸胆碱(DPPC)和胆固醇(CHOL)溶解于5mL的氯仿中,浓度分别为9.58mg/mL和3.19mg/mL,然后在高于相变温度(41℃)的温度下,用旋转蒸发冷凝器进行真空蒸馏, 这样在圆底烧瓶上产生了薄的脂膜。真空干燥24小时以完全除去保留在瓶中的氯仿。
通过加入10mL的硫酸铵溶液(250mM)进行水合,直至脂膜完全分散,然后以2分钟的间隔搅拌10分钟,这样得到了多层膜的脂质体。在水合后,制备单层膜的脂质体颗粒,包括用增压挤出机让其通过孔隙率为200nm的聚碳酸酯膜(5次)和100nm的聚碳酸酯膜(5次)。制备包含硫酸铵的脂质体,包括用不包含在脂质体中的硫酸铵在4℃下进行膜透析24小时。
在通过将腺苷钴胺素溶解于10%(w/v)蔗糖水溶液中达到浓度为1.5mg/mL以制成腺苷钴胺素溶液后,将10mL的溶液加入到上述包含硫酸铵的脂质体中,然后在60℃下搅拌2小时,然后用不包含在脂质体中的硫酸铵在4℃下进行膜透析48小时,这样得到了包含腺苷钴胺素的脂质体。
在用三级的蒸馏水制备成麦芽糖水溶液(30mM)后,将该溶液以在4℃下制备的包含腺苷钴胺素的脂质体溶液相同的量加入,这样进行反应,然后在深度冷冻机中在-77℃下冷冻12小时,在冷冻干燥器中在-45℃下干燥24小时以粉碎。
实施例2
在阻断光的条件下,如下所述制备本文的包含腺苷钴胺素的凝胶。
精确称取70.0mg的腺苷钴胺素作为活性成分,并加入到30mL的三级蒸馏水中,然后用磁力搅拌器温和搅拌以完全溶解腺苷钴胺素。在温和搅拌下,将2.2g的卡波姆940完全溶解作为基质,而以较小量加入。将5.0g的聚乙二醇(PEG)1000,1.35g的二乙胺(DEA)和55.0mL的乙醇加入到溶液中分别作为基质、乳化剂和溶剂。加入三级蒸馏水,以得到100g的总溶液,然后在室温下,用匀质搅拌器以3,000rpm搅拌,直至该溶液变得均匀,这样得到包含腺苷钴胺素的凝胶。
实施例3
在阻断光的条件下,如下所述制备本文的包含腺苷钴胺素的乳膏。
将1.0g的氢氧化钠完全溶解于70mL的三级蒸馏水中。精确称取70.0mg的腺苷钴胺素作为活性成分,并加入到氢氧化钠水溶液,然后用磁力搅拌器在90℃下搅拌直至腺苷钴胺素完全溶解,这样得到包含活性成分的水相。在90℃下用磁力搅拌器用2g的肉豆蔻酸异丙酯完全溶解13g的硬脂酸(基质)和4g的羊毛脂,2g的蔗糖脂肪酸酯(乳化剂)这样得到了油相。
将如上得到的水相和油相在90℃下缓慢混合,并用叶片式混合器搅拌20分钟,然后用匀质混合器以3,000rpm搅拌,直至溶液变均匀,同时用恒温浴缓慢冷却至40℃,这样得到乳化的乳膏,用真空完全除去所产生的泡沫。
实施例4
在阻断光的条件下,如下所述制备本文的包含含腺苷钴胺素的脂质体的凝胶。
根据与实施例2相同的操作制备进行该实验,除了使用实施例1中制备的100mg的粉末状的包含腺苷钴胺素的脂质体作为活性成分,代替腺苷钴胺素。
比较实施例1
根据与实施例1相同的操作制备脂质体,除了使用氰钴铵代替腺苷钴胺素作为活性成分。
比较实施例2
根据与实施例2相同的操作制备凝胶,除了使用氰钴铵代替腺苷钴胺素作为活性成分。
比较实施例3
根据与实施例3相同的操作制备乳膏,除了使用氰钴铵代替腺苷 钴胺素作为活性成分。
比较实施例4
根据与实施例4相同的操作制备凝胶,除了使用粉末状氰钴铵(100mg)代替腺苷钴胺素作为活性成分。
实施例5
根据与实施例2相同的操作制备凝胶,除了与腺苷钴胺素一起加入Lutrol 75(1.0g)作为皮肤促进剂。
实施例6
根据与实施例3相同的操作制备乳膏,除了与腺苷钴胺素一起加入Brij 30(1.5g)作为皮肤促进剂。
实施例7
凝胶根据与实施例相同的操作制备4,除了与腺苷钴胺素一起加入三油酸山梨坦(1.7g)作为皮肤促进剂。
实施例8
凝胶根据与实施例5相同的操作制备,除了加入腺苷钴胺素(70mg)和甲基钴胺素(30mg)。
实施例9
根据与实施例6相同的操作制备乳膏,除了加入腺苷钴胺素(70mg)和丙酸地塞米松(50mg)。
实施例10
根据与实施例6相同的操作制备乳膏,除了加入腺苷钴胺素(70mg)和水合他克莫司(15mg)。
实施例11
根据与实施例6相同的操作制备乳膏,除了加入腺苷钴胺素(70mg)和维A酸(tretionin)(25mg)。
试验实施例1:外用药物的抗炎活性的评价
下文提供了对如何评价在实施例2-4中制备的包含腺苷钴胺素的制剂,在比较实施例2-4中制备的包含腺苷钴胺素的制剂,如实施例5-7制备的进一步包含皮肤促进剂的制剂和如实施例8-11制备的包含多个组分的制剂治疗皮炎的活性的描述。
如下得到患皮炎的动物试验受者,评价抑制水肿和发红的活性。此外,通过加入基质组分制备不含活性成分的基质对照物。通过0.1%他克莫司软膏和0.1%地塞米松乳膏制备阳性对照药物。
患皮炎的动物试验受者的制备
用7-周大的雌性BALB/C小鼠作为试验受者。将卵清蛋白和氢氧化铝的凝胶悬浮于生理盐水溶液,最终浓度值为2mcg/mL和100mg/mL。在第1试验日,将0.5mL的每个混悬液施用于小鼠的腹部,在第14日再一次施用0.5mL的每种混悬液。在第28日,将25mL的卵清蛋白(浓度:20mcg/mL)皮下施用于小鼠的右外耳,以诱发水肿。诱发水肿后24小时,确定发生了发红现象。
抑制水肿的活性的测定
在以每10cm2的皮肤面积100μL的剂量诱发水肿后1小时和4小时,将基质对照物、试验制剂和阳性对照物应用于外耳,即诱发水肿的区域。用刻度厚度计测定外耳的厚度。通过诱发水肿后外耳的值减去诱发水肿前外耳的值评价评价外耳厚度的增加。用下列数学式得到抑制作用,结果在表1中给出。
数学式
表1
如表1所列,实施例2-4的包含腺苷钴胺素的制剂在抑制水肿方面优于比较实施例2-4的包含氰钴铵的制剂。实施例5-7中的进一步包含皮肤促进剂的制剂比实施例2-4的制剂具有更好的活性。实施例8-11中的多组分制剂也优于实施例5-7的单组分制剂。
抑制水肿的活性的评价
在以每10cm2的皮肤面积100μL的剂量诱发水肿后2小时和4小时,将基质对照物、试验制剂和阳性对照物应用于外耳,即诱发水肿的区域。用肉眼测定外耳的厚度。用如下的数值评价发红的程度:没有发红的受者是0,深色或浅的微红色的小面积发红的受者是1,深的微红色大面积发红的受者是3,发红值的程度在3到1之间的患者 是2,结果在表1中给出。
表2
如表2所列,实施例2的包含腺苷钴铵的制剂在抑制发红方面优于比较实施例2的包含氰钴胺素的制剂。实施例5中的进一步包含皮肤促进剂的制剂比实施例2的制剂具有更好的活性。实施例8和实施例10中的多组分制剂也优于实施例2的单组分制剂。
试验实施例2:皮肤水分保持的评价
下文提供了对如何评价在实施例2中制备的包含腺苷钴胺素的制剂,在比较实施例2中制备的包含氰钴铵的制剂,在实施例5中制备的包含腺苷钴胺素和甲基钴胺素的制剂和在实施例10中制备的包含腺苷钴胺素和水合他克莫司的制剂的皮肤水分保持的描述。此外,也可以通过加入基质组分制备不含活性成分的基质对照物。通过0.1%他克莫司软膏和0.1%地塞米松乳膏制备阳性对照药物。
患皮炎的动物试验受者的制备
用7-8周大的雄性裸小鼠作为试验受者。用5%十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)治疗,每日2次共7天,以损害皮肤角质层的功能,用水蒸发测定装置(Tewameter,Germany)测定表4的水分保留的前值。
水分保留的评价
以每10cm2的皮肤面积100μL的剂量,使用试验制剂、阳性对照物和基质对照物,每日2次,共2日。测定水分保留的值,并在表3中给出。
表3
制剂 | 受者的数目 | 前 | 1天后 | 2天后 | 3天后 | 4天后 |
基质对照物 | 3 | 67±2 | 71±1 | 69±3 | 69±1 | 67±2 |
阳性对照物(0.1% 他克莫司软膏) | 3 | 68±2 | 85±1 | 83±1 | 80±2 | 75±2 |
阳性对照物(0.1% 地塞米松乳膏) | 3 | 70±2 | 88±2 | 85±3 | 79±1 | 74±1 |
实施例2 | 3 | 68±1 | 87±2 | 85±2 | 80±2 | 78±1 |
比较实施例2 | 3 | 67±2 | 75±2 | 79±1 | 78±2 | 76±1 |
实施例5 | 3 | 71±2 | 88±2 | 84±1 | 83±3 | 81±1 |
实施例8 | 3 | 68±2 | 88±1 | 86±2 | 80±1 | 79±2 |
实施例10 | 3 | 69±1 | 87±1 | 85±2 | 81±2 | 80±1 |
如表3所列,实施例2的包含腺苷钴胺素的制剂在水分保留方面优于比较实施例2的包含氰钴铵的制剂。实施例5中的进一步包含皮肤促进剂的制剂比实施例2的制剂具有更好的活性。实施例8和实施例10中的多组分制剂也优于实施例2的单组分制剂。
试验实施例3:腺苷钴胺素的毒性试验
为了进行腺苷钴胺素(100mg)的重复剂量的毒性研究,选择16小时禁食的4-5周大的ICR小鼠(每组5只小鼠)。通过口服途径重复施用溶解于0.5%羧甲基纤维素(CMC)的100mg的腺苷钴胺素,共5日。没有死亡的受者也没有发现异常例如对内脏的损害。
制剂实施例1:软膏的制备
下文提供了如何制备包含腺苷钴胺素的外用软膏的描述。
内容物(基于100g的总制剂)
(a)0.07g的腺苷钴胺素;
(b)1g的硬脂酸,10g的单硬脂酸,4g的单硬脂酸聚(氧乙二醇),1.5g的聚(氧乙基十六十八烷基(cetostearyl)醚)(20环氧乙烷),1.2g的聚(氧乙基十六十八烷基醚),3g的鲸蜡醇和10g的液状石腊;和
(c)10g的1,3-丁二醇,6g的甘油和余量的蒸馏水
制备方法
精确称取油相,即组合物(b),将其放置于补充槽中,然后加热最高至75℃以溶解。精确称取水相,即组合物(c),将其放置于乳化槽中,然后加热最高至75℃以溶解并加入组分(a)。
真空条件下,将油相加入到乳化槽中,并用匀化器(3500rpm)和踏板混合器(100rpm)搅拌,然后冷却至约25℃并老化,这样得到了外用的软膏。
制剂实施例2:外用液体的制剂
下文提供了如何制备包含腺苷钴胺素的外用液体的描述。
内容物(基于100g的总制剂)
0.1g的腺苷钴胺素,0.5g的异丙醇,0.5g的鲸蜡醇,0.2g的1,3-丁二醇,0.5g的羧甲基纤维素和余量的蒸馏水的平衡体。
制备方法
精确称取鲸蜡醇,并放置于补充槽中,然后加热最高至70℃以溶解。将羧甲基纤维素钠、1,3-丁二醇和腺苷钴胺素在蒸馏水中搅拌下润湿,并放置于主槽中,然后加热最高至70℃以溶解。将补充槽中的溶液缓慢加入到主槽中,并冷却至40℃,然后加入异丙醇。然后用踏板混合器以50rpm搅拌冷却至约25℃并老化,得到外用的液体。
制剂实施例3:外用混悬液的制备
下文提供了如何制备包含腺苷钴胺素和甲基钴胺素的外用混悬液 的描述。
内容物(基于100g的总制剂)
(a)0.1g的腺苷钴胺素和0.05g的甲基钴胺素;
(b)1.5g的硬脂酸,1g的鲸蜡醇,3g的白凡士林,3g的角鲨烯,1.5g的三(辛酸/己酸)甘油,1.7g的单烯烃山梨聚糖和4g的聚(乙二醇);
(c)4g的二丙二醇,0.5g的三乙醇胺和50g的蒸馏水;和
(d)8.5g的异丙醇和余量的蒸馏水
制备方法
精确称取组合物(c),并放置于主槽中,然后加热最高至70℃以溶解。精确称取组合物(b)并放置于补充槽中,然后加热最高至70℃以溶解,然后用匀化器以2000rpm缓慢加入到主槽中。将组合物(c)加入到主槽中,并用踏板混合器以100rpm搅拌冷却至40℃,然后加入组合物(d),然后用踏板混合器以50rpm搅拌冷却至25℃并老化,得到外用的混悬液。
制剂实施例4:硬膏剂的制备
下文提供了如何制备包含腺苷钴胺素和水合他克莫司的外用硬膏剂的描述。
内容物(基于100g的总制剂)
(a)2.0g的腺苷钴胺素和1g的水合他克莫司;
(b)3g的肉豆蔻酸异丙酯,5g的液状石腊,20g的聚丁烯(polybudene)和25g的1,3-戊二烯共聚树脂;
(c)2g的氧化钛,0.1g的二丁基羟基甲苯,1g的硬脂酸聚-氧乙烯山梨坦和2g的氧化锌;
(d)7g的高岭土;
(e)18g的固体天然橡胶胶乳和15g的固体SBR合成橡胶;和
(f)0.07g的聚丙烯酸钠,1g的蒸馏水和0.5g的甘油。
制备方法
精确称取组合物(b),并放置于主槽中。将温度升高至115℃以溶解,并维持在90℃。在加入组合物(a)后,将温度控制在70℃。将组合物(c)和组合物(d)在补充槽中混合,并加入到主槽中。此外,将组合物(f)加入到主槽中,将组合物(e)也在70℃下加入到主槽中,这样得到了外用的软膏。因此,将所制备的软膏涂敷到织物或非织物上(100g/1m2),将这些织物切割成10cm×14cm的大小,由此得到了硬膏剂。
制剂实施例5:保持水分的硬膏剂的制备
下文提供了如何制备包含腺苷钴胺素和丙酸地塞米松的外用的保持水分的硬膏剂的描述。
内容物
(a)1.0g的腺苷钴胺素和0.4g的丙酸地塞米松;
(b)25g的D-山梨糖醇,10g的蒸馏水,15g的高岭土和1g的氧化钛;
(c)1g的明胶和5g的蒸馏水;
(d)0.2g的偏磷酸钠和1g的蒸馏水;
(e)0.2g的羟基铝酸镁,6g的聚丙烯酸钠,4g的丙二醇,0.5g的丙烯酸淀粉(?),1g的蓖麻油,0.5g的单烯酸聚氧乙烯山梨坦和0.5g的单烯酸山梨坦;
(f)15g的D-山梨糖醇(15g)和0.1g的二丁基羟基甲苯;
(g)3g的甲基丙烯酸/正丁基丙烯酸共聚物;和
(h)5g的D-山梨糖醇(5g)和1.2g的酒石酸
制备方法
精确称取该组合物(b)并放置于主槽中,然后加热最高至40℃以溶解。此外加热补充槽中的组合物(d)至40℃并溶解,将其加入到主槽中,也加入组合物(c)和(g),同时用踏板混合器以100rpm混合主槽中的组合物。在将组合物(a)和(e)混合并引入后,缓慢加入组合物(h)以制成软膏。将所制备的12g的软膏均匀地涂敷于10cm×14cm大的非织物上,由此得到了硬膏剂。
制剂实施例6:皮肤洗剂的制备
下文提供了如何制备包含腺苷钴胺素的外用皮肤洗剂的描述。
内容物(基于100g的总制剂)
(a)0.2g的腺苷钴胺素;
(b)0.5g的羧甲基纤维素钠,6g的聚乙二醇和4g的丙二醇;
(c)1g的聚氧乙烯油酸鲸蜡醚和0.5g的荷荷巴油;
(d)适当量的香料和10g的乙醇;和
(e)余量的蒸馏水
制备方法
精确称取组合物(e)和(b),并彼此混合,将混合物加入到主槽中,然后加热最高至45℃以溶解。此外,当用踏板混合器以100rpm在主槽中搅拌该组合物时,加入组合物(a),溶解并冷却至室温。将组合物(d)引入到补充槽中,也加入组合物(c),分散并用踏板混合器以300rpm均匀搅拌。
制剂实施例7:洗剂的制备
下文提供了如何制备包含腺苷钴胺素和丙酸地塞米松的外用洗剂的描述。
内容物(基于100g的总制剂)
0.4g的腺苷钴胺素,5g的甘油,10g的异丙醇,1g的鲸蜡醇,0.5g的聚氧乙烯十六十八烷基醚,0.5g的三鲸蜡醇胺,3g的硬脂酸和余量的蒸馏水
制备方法
精确称取鲸蜡醇、聚氧乙烯十六十八烷基醚和硬脂酸并加入到主槽中,然后用匀化器以2000rpm搅拌,然后加热最高至70℃以溶解。此外,将三乙醇胺、蒸馏水、腺苷钴胺素和甘油加入到补充槽中,并加热最高至70℃以溶解,同时用踏板混合器以50rpm搅拌。将补充槽中的组合物缓慢加入到主槽中,并冷却至40℃。将该组合物急速冷却至25℃,同时加入异丙醇并连续搅拌,然后老化,由此得到洗剂。
如上所述,确定了根据本发明的包含腺苷钴胺素作为活性成分的组合物可以在皮炎的动物试验的受者中有效地抑制水肿和发红,并通过包含皮肤促进剂而增强皮肤渗透,因此该外用组合物能够用于治疗特应性皮炎。
Claims (11)
1.腺苷钴胺素作为唯一的活性成分在制备用于治疗特应性皮炎的外用组合物中的应用,其中所述腺苷钴胺素包封在包含磷脂和胆固醇的脂质体中,该组合物包含0.01-7wt%的腺苷钴胺素,磷脂和胆固醇的重量比是1-10:1。
2.根据权利要求1的应用,其中磷脂是在二酰基中具有3-24个碳的磷酸胆碱。
3.根据权利要求2的应用,其中磷脂是选自1,2-二棕榈酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸胆碱、1,2-二硬脂酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸胆碱、L-a-磷脂酰胆碱、1-棕榈酰基-2-戊二酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸胆碱、1,2-二月桂酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸胆碱、1,2-二肉豆蔻酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸胆碱和1,2-二油基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸胆碱中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1的应用,其中相对于1重量份的活性成分,该组合物包含50-500重量份的具有C8-C16烷基的表面活性剂。
5.根据权利要求4的应用,其中该表面活性剂是基于月桂基醚的化合物或基于聚(环氧乙烷)的化合物。
6.根据权利要求1的应用,其中所述组合物包括表面活性剂,所述表面活性剂是选自肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、月桂硫酸钠、丙二醇单月桂酸酯、甘油单月桂酸酯、甘油单硬脂酸酯、甘油单油酸酯、甘油单肉豆蔻酸酯、月桂醇和聚氧乙烯(9)月桂基醚中的至少一种化合物。
7.根据权利要求1的应用,其中所述组合物包括表面活性剂,所述表面活性剂是选自泊洛沙姆、单棕榈山梨坦和三油酸山梨坦中的至少一种基于聚(环氧乙烷)的化合物。
8.根据权利要求1的应用,其中该组合物配制成选自水凝胶、乳化的乳膏、软膏、溶液、混悬液、硬膏剂、洗剂的一种制剂。
9.根据权利要求8的应用,其中所述水凝胶是包含脂质体的水凝胶。
10.根据权利要求8的应用,其中所述硬膏剂是含水的硬膏剂。
11.根据权利要求8的应用,其中所述洗剂是皮肤洗剂。
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US7368131B2 (en) * | 2003-02-27 | 2008-05-06 | Supernatural Health, Inc. | Method and composition for treating hypopigmentation of the hair and skin |
EP2286794B8 (en) * | 2003-10-15 | 2016-06-01 | SynCore Biotechnology CO., LTD | Use of cationic liposomes comprising paclitaxel |
US20080039422A1 (en) * | 2004-03-30 | 2008-02-14 | Transition Therapeutics Inc. | Vitamin B12-Containing Compositions and Methods of Use |
-
2005
- 2005-12-09 KR KR1020050120648A patent/KR100658436B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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2006
- 2006-10-18 MY MYPI20080139A patent/MY143549A/en unknown
- 2006-10-18 CN CN200680031564.5A patent/CN101252940B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-10-18 CA CA2616449A patent/CA2616449C/en active Active
- 2006-10-18 JP JP2008541068A patent/JP5134547B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-10-18 RU RU2008104057/15A patent/RU2379039C2/ru active
- 2006-10-18 MX MX2008007462A patent/MX2008007462A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-10-18 WO PCT/KR2006/004233 patent/WO2007066889A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-10-18 BR BRPI0615635-5A patent/BRPI0615635A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-10-18 EP EP06799307.1A patent/EP1957087B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-10-18 US US11/996,574 patent/US20090137523A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-10-18 AU AU2006323567A patent/AU2006323567B2/en not_active Ceased
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ZA200800771B (en) | 2008-12-31 |
JP5134547B2 (ja) | 2013-01-30 |
EP1957087A1 (en) | 2008-08-20 |
CN101252940A (zh) | 2008-08-27 |
WO2007066889A1 (en) | 2007-06-14 |
MX2008007462A (es) | 2008-09-11 |
CA2616449A1 (en) | 2007-06-14 |
EP1957087B1 (en) | 2016-11-02 |
RU2379039C2 (ru) | 2010-01-20 |
BRPI0615635A2 (pt) | 2011-05-24 |
IL189001A (en) | 2012-10-31 |
IL189001A0 (en) | 2008-08-07 |
JP2009516679A (ja) | 2009-04-23 |
CA2616449C (en) | 2010-12-07 |
AU2006323567A1 (en) | 2007-06-14 |
US20110135714A1 (en) | 2011-06-09 |
US20090137523A1 (en) | 2009-05-28 |
AU2006323567B2 (en) | 2010-02-18 |
KR100658436B1 (ko) | 2006-12-27 |
MY143549A (en) | 2011-05-31 |
EP1957087A4 (en) | 2012-07-11 |
RU2008104057A (ru) | 2009-09-20 |
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