CN101248575A - DC-DC converter - Google Patents
DC-DC converter Download PDFInfo
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- CN101248575A CN101248575A CNA2005800514004A CN200580051400A CN101248575A CN 101248575 A CN101248575 A CN 101248575A CN A2005800514004 A CNA2005800514004 A CN A2005800514004A CN 200580051400 A CN200580051400 A CN 200580051400A CN 101248575 A CN101248575 A CN 101248575A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33573—Full-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/01—Resonant DC/DC converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
- H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
- H02M1/0058—Transistor switching losses by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
A DC/DC converter comprising a zero-voltage switching resonant coil (Lr) connected in series to a primary winding (Np); and a full bridge type switching circuit that is driven by a phase shift control; wherein a first regenerative diode (D7) is provided between an end of an input power supply (Vin) and a junction between the primary winding (Np) and the resonant coil (Lr), while a second regenerative diode (D8) is provided between the other end of the input power supply (Vin) and the same junction. Because of this arrangement, a surge, which is caused by the reverse recovery currents of rectifying diodes (D1,D2) on the secondary side, is regenerated in the input power supply via the regenerative diodes (D7,D8) to reduce the surge voltage to be applied to the rectifying diodes (D1,D2). As a result, low-breakdown rectifying diodes, the forward voltage drops of which are small, can be employed. Additionally, the loss, which is caused by the forward currents of the rectifying diodes, can be reduced. Moreover, the loss in the regenerative diodes (D7,D8) is smaller than the loss in a case where a snubber circuit is provided on the secondary side.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to DC-DC transducer (converter), relating in particular to by the high voltage step-down is low-voltage and the insulation DC-DC converter that transmits big electric power.
Background technology
Popularizing and possessing engine and motor hybrid vehicle as power source.Hybrid vehicle possess engine with and high voltage (for example 300V) battery used of low-voltage (for example 12V) battery used of electric assembly and motor.Owing in hybrid vehicle, generally do not possess the alternating current generator (alternator) that is used for low-voltage battery charging etc., therefore need to be used for the charging of low-voltage battery and high-voltage battery that the electric power of electric assembly is supplied with as the step-down of input power supply, the DC-DC transducer of insulated type.In recent years, owing to, therefore in this DC-DC transducer, need change to the electric power of kilowatt magnitude because of the increase of electric assembly also increases its power consumption.In this case, increase because of the loss in the DC-DC transducer also causes heating, become maximizations, weightization of additional cooling device causes the vehicle load increase for cooling measure.Therefore, in order not only to improve conversion efficiency but also reduce caloric value and make the cooling device lightweight, also need the low-lossization of DC-DC transducer.
The DC-DC transducer has many types, and as the mode that is suitable for big power conversions in switch (switching) mode of insulated type, known have disclosed full-bridge in the non-patent literature 1 (full bridge) mode.
Fig. 1 represents the circuit diagram of the DC-DC transducer of existing phase shift full-bridge mode.This is the circuit diagram shown in Figure 3 of non-patent literature 1.
In DC-DC transducer 1 shown in Figure 1, be connected with the two ends of input power supply Vin (input voltage vin) respectively by switch element QA, QB series circuit that constitutes and the series circuit that constitutes by switch element QC, QD.Be provided with elementary winding Np and secondary winding Ns at transformer T.Elementary winding Np and resonance coil Lr are connected in series, and an end of this series circuit (in this case, being resonance coil Lr side) is connected with the tie point of switch element QA, QB, and the other end is connected with the tie point of switch element QC, QD.Switch element QA, QB, QC, QD are the electric power power MOSFETs, although its explanation omit, between drain electrode and source electrode, comprise internal capacitance and from source electrode towards the body diode (body diode) of the direction that drains as forward.And control terminal is that grid is connected with the illustrated control circuit of omission.
An end that is arranged on the secondary winding Ns of transformer T is connected with the anode of rectifier diode D1, and the other end is connected with the anode of rectifier diode D2.The negative electrode of rectifier diode D1, D2 is connected to each other and is connected with an end (+side) of output terminal Vout via choke (choke coil) La.And secondary winding Ns is divided into secondary winding Ns1 and Ns2 via centre tap, and centre tap is connected with the other end (side) of output terminal Vout.Between the end of output terminal Vout and the other end, be connected with smmothing capacitor Ca.
Have, the series circuit and the rectifier diode D1 that are made of resistance R 1 and capacitor C1 are connected in parallel again, and similarly, the series circuit and the rectifier diode D2 that are made of resistance R 2 and capacitor C2 are connected in parallel.The series circuit that is made of this resistance and capacitor constitutes RC buffer circuit (snubber circuit) 2 and 3 respectively.
In the DC-DC transducer 1 that constitutes like this, switch element QA and QB have the short deadtime (dead time) that becomes simultaneously by (off), alternately with roughly 50% duty ratio repetition conducting (on), end.Switch element QC and QD repeat conducting, end with 50% duty ratio similarly.Switching frequency is all constant.
When switch element QA and QD conducting, switch element QB and QC end, to the series circuit of resonance coil Lr and elementary winding Np with resonance coil Lr side for just applying input voltage vin, on the contrary, when switch element QB and QC conducting, switch element QA and QD end, and apply input voltage vin with resonance coil Lr side for bearing.When switch element QA and QC conducting and switch element QB and QD by the time and switch element QB and QD conducting and switch element QA and QC by the time, the current potential at the two ends of this series circuit equates, so this series circuit is not applied to voltage.
The relation in the conducting of the conducting of switch element QA, QB, the moment that ends and switch element QC, QD, the moment that ends is unfixing, illustrated output voltage detects and feedback element is controlled above-mentioned relation via omitting, thereby changes the stabilisation that the electric power conveying capacity is sought output voltage.Become for for example switch element QA that switch element QD becomes the such relation of conducting immediately after the conducting, apply input voltage to elementary winding Np owing to then become before ending, so the electric power conveying capacity increases at switch element QA.On the contrary, the relation for not conducting of switch element QD before being about to end at switch element QA then also shorten to the time that elementary winding Np applies input voltage, and the electric power conveying capacity diminishes.Such type of drive is not directly to control the duty ratio of each switch element, but therefore moment of the break-make of the break-make of control switch element QA, QB and switch element QC, QD only is called as phase shift (phase shift) control mode.
Have again, in DC-DC transducer 1, possess the resonance coil Lr that is connected in series with elementary winding Np, but this resonance coil Lr is set to be used for the zero voltage switch (ZVS) of each switch element QA, QB, QC, QD.Promptly constitute the internal capacitance of utilizing each switch element and the resonance of resonance coil Lr, when the voltage at the two ends of switch element (between drain electrode and grid) is almost connected (turn-on) during vanishing.The inductance value of resonance coil Lr is based on relation of the size of the content electric capacity of switch element etc. and be determined.Like this, in the DC-DC transducer of phase shift full-bridge mode, can be by the zero voltage switch that resonance coil Lr realizes switch element comparatively simply be set.
And, when realizing such zero voltage switch, carry out in the DC-DC transducer of full-bridge mode of phase shift control, need suitably control four switch elements, but this control mode has become general mode, on market, also sell the control be used for this control mode with IC (for example, the UC3875 that makes of Texas Instruments equipment company etc.).
Yet the primary side of DC-DC transducer 1 has been to use the rectification circuit of the centre cap mode of two general rectifier diodes.If applying with resonance coil Lr side to primary side is positive voltage, then on secondary winding Ns, produce the voltage that rectifier diode D1 is become forward, with secondary winding Ns1 → rectifier diode D1 → such path flow electric current of choke La → load (not shown) → secondary winding Ns1.This electric current is along with the time increases.Then, if the voltage of primary side is not for having, though then flow with identical path current, current value is along with time decreased.Then, if apply with the voltage of resonance coil Lr side for bearing to primary side, then on secondary winding Ns, produce the voltage that rectifier diode D2 is become forward on the contrary, flow through the electric current vanishing apace of rectifier diode D1 thus, on the contrary, with secondary winding Ns2 → rectifier diode D2 → such path flow electric current of choke La → load (not shown) → secondary winding Ns2.Then, above-mentioned action repeats.
In above-mentioned action, the electric current that flows through rectifier diode D1 is not to stop to flow in the moment of forward current vanishing, but electric current (reverse recovery current, reverse recovery current) reverse flow on the reverse recovery time of diode only.This reverse recovery current becomes rectifier diode D1 → secondary winding Ns1 → secondary winding Ns2 → rectifier diode D2 → such short circuit paths of rectifier diode D1.Because this reverse recovery current stops to flow sharp, thus, produce surge voltage (surge voltage) on secondary winding Ns1, and this surge voltage is oppositely to be applied to rectifier diode D1.The withstand voltage high rectifier diode of withstand voltage this surge voltage generally has the tendency that forward voltage drop Vf also increases.If forward voltage drop Vf increases, the loss when then current direction is forward increases, and conversion efficiency and heating aspect are bad.
Therefore, the resistance R 1 that will be used to absorb surge voltage is arranged on rectifier diode D1 with the RC buffer circuit 2 that capacitor C1 is connected in series.Equally, the resistance R 2 that will be used to absorb the surge voltage that the reverse recovery current because of rectifier diode D2 produces is arranged on rectifier diode D2 with the RC buffer circuit 3 that capacitor C2 is connected in series.In this case, the current flowing resistance R1 (perhaps R2) that produces because of surge voltage, and be converted to heat.By like this, though the DC-DC transducer is lossy on the whole, but owing to can utilize the less rectifier diode of forward voltage drop as rectifier diode D1 and D2, therefore, loss in the time of can reducing current direction and be forward, compare with the situation that does not have the RC buffer circuit, can comprehensively seek low-lossization.
But when the DC-DC transducer of using as big electric power adopted, even like this, low-lossization neither be sufficient, as its improvement scheme, proposed DC-DC transducer shown in Figure 2.This is the technology that is documented in the non-patent literature 1.
In DC-DC transducer 10 shown in Figure 2, replace two RC buffer circuits in the DC-DC transducer 1, loss-free buffer circuit 11 is set.Except buffer circuit, identical with Fig. 1, therefore this point is omitted explanation.
In the DC-DC of Fig. 2 transducer 10, the anode of diode D3 is connected with the negative electrode of rectifier diode D1, and the negative electrode of diode D3 is connected with the anode of rectifier diode D1 via capacitor C3.In addition, diode D3 is connected with the anode of diode D5 with the tie point of capacitor C3.In addition, the anode of diode D4 is connected with the negative electrode of rectifier diode D2.The negative electrode of diode D4 is connected with the anode of rectifier diode D2 via capacitor C4.In addition, diode D4 is connected with the anode of diode D6 with the tie point of capacitor C4.And the negative electrode of diode D5, D6 is connected to each other and is connected with the negative electrode of rectifier diode D1 (rectifier diode D2) via coil Lb.Here, constituted loss-free buffer circuit 11 by diode D3, D4, D5, D6, capacitor C3, C4 and coil Lb.
In loss-free buffer circuit 11, temporarily accumulated capacitor C3 via diode D3 as electric charge with the electric current that the surge voltage of reverse generation causes at rectifier diode D1, when following one-period, the electric charge that capacitor C3 is accumulated is via diode D5 and coil Lb and be released to output.On the basis of temporarily being accumulated, be released to outlet side at rectifier diode D2 similarly with the surge voltage of reverse generation.
Loss-free buffer circuit 11 does not possess resistance.Therefore, in non-patent literature 1, compare, can further reduce the loss in buffer circuit with the situation of using the RC buffer circuit.In addition, withstand voltage also the comparing with the situation (300V) that adopts the RC buffer circuit of rectifier diode can be adopted littler withstand voltage (200V), to reduce the loss that produces because of forward current.In non-patent literature 1, both loss is compared, the conversion efficiency of DC-DC transducer when possessing the RC buffer circuit 88.1%, when possessing loss-free buffer circuit, can be improved to 89.5%.
Non-patent literature 1: the Theory Wen Chi of Electricity mood association produces Pu ying Yong Bu Door Chi vol.125 No.4 2005P366～371 " big capacity DC-DC コ Application バ one exert oneself rectification ダ ィ ォ one De To ぉ け ゐ No Damage lose ス Na バ motion "
In DC-DC transducer 10 shown in Figure 2, surge current based on the reverse recovery current of rectifier diode D1 is temporarily flowed via diode D3 and as electric charge accumulation to capacitor C3, in following one-period, flow and emit at outlet side via diode D5 and coil Lb.Therefore, the forward voltage drop because of diode D3, D4, D5, D6 produces loss.Especially, in diode D3, D4, owing to flow through big surge current, so loss is also big.Loss that produces because of the forward voltage drop of these diodes or the heating that produces because of loss and are compared with the situation that resistance consumed of RC buffer circuit, and it has diminished, but, when being used for big electric power, it can not be ignored, and therefore requires further to improve.In addition, also can utilize withstand voltage little rectifier diode to rectifier diode, its result can reduce because of the loss that forward current produces, heating, even but like this, also can there be only about half of loss, the heating of overall losses, also require in this further to improve.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to solve the above problems a little, provide a kind of further minimizing loss and the DC-DC transducer of the insulated type of the heating that produces because of loss.
In order to achieve the above object, DC-DC transducer of the present invention has: the input power supply; Insulating transformer, it possesses elementary winding and secondary winding; The resonance coil that zero voltage switch is used, it is connected with described elementary windings in series; With phase shift control and the switching circuit of the full-bridge mode that drives, its be connected with the series circuit that resonance coil constitutes by described elementary winding; And rectification circuit, it is arranged on described secondary winding, be characterised in that, with first and second regeneration diode, between the end of the tie point of described elementary winding and described resonance coil and described input power supply and setting respectively between the other end of the tie point of described elementary winding and described resonance coil and described input power supply.
The invention effect
In DC-DC transducer of the present invention, the surge energy that will produce because of the reverse recovery current of rectifier diode is regenerated to the input power supply via the first or second regeneration diode from the elementary winding of primary side and the tie point of resonance coil.Under the situation of buck DC-DC transducer, owing to uprise because of the relation voltage of the turn ratio of transformer but electric current diminishes in primary side, therefore, the loss that forward voltage drop produced in first and second regeneration diode that regenerative current flows through diminishes.In addition, because the surge voltage that primary side produced also diminishes, therefore withstand voltage diode low and that forward voltage drop is little can be adopted the loss in the time of can reducing the electric current forward flow as rectifier diode.Its result, loss is lower and conversion efficiency is good, and simplifies thermal component such as cooling device, can realize the DC-DC transducer of the insulated type of lightweight progress.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the circuit diagram of existing DC-DC transducer.
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram of existing another DC-DC transducer.
Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram of an embodiment of DC-DC transducer of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is in the DC-DC transducer of Fig. 3.
To be that expression is withstand voltage be 120V and the voltage of two diodes of 200V, the figure of current characteristics to Fig. 5.
Fig. 6 is the circuit diagram of other embodiment of DC-DC transducer of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the circuit diagram of other another embodiment of DC-DC transducer of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the circuit diagram of other another embodiment of DC-DC transducer of the present invention.
Symbol description
20,30,40,50...DC-DC transducer; QA, QB, QC, QD... switch element; Vin... import power supply; Vout... lead-out terminal; T... transformer; Np... elementary winding; Ns, Ns1, Ns2, Ns3... secondary winding; D1, D2, D9, D10... rectifier diode; QE, QF, QG, QH... synchronous rectification switch element; D7, the D8... diode of regenerating; Lr... resonance coil; La, L1, L2... choke; Ca... smmothing capacitor.
Embodiment
(embodiment 1)
Fig. 3 represents the circuit diagram of an embodiment of DC-DC transducer of the present invention.In the DC-DC transducer 20 shown in Figure 3, basic structure is the structure of removing buffer circuit from Fig. 1 or DC- DC transducer 1 or 10 shown in Figure 2, therefore it is omitted explanation.
In DC-DC transducer 20, on the basis of above-mentioned basic structure, regeneration diode D7 (the first regeneration diode) is that the one distolateral (+side) of importing power supply Vin is connected with the negative electrode between the end (+side) of the tie point of resonance coil Lr and primary coil Np and input power supply Vin.In addition, regeneration diode D8 (the second regeneration diode) is that another distolateral (side) of importing power supply Vin is connected with the anode between the other end (side) of the tie point of resonance coil Lr and primary coil Np and input power supply Vin.
Like this, in DC-DC transducer 20 of the present invention, only be these 2 of two regeneration diode D7, D8 that basic structure is appended, be 7 DC-DC transducer 10 not only with respect to appending parts, and be 4 DC-DC transducer 1 with respect to appending parts, also can realize the minimizing of parts number of packages and the miniaturization of circuit part.
In other words, in the DC-DC transducer 20 that constitutes like this, when for example supposing that surge voltage that the reverse recovery current because of rectifier diode D1 produces produces in secondary winding Ns1, in elementary winding Np, also produce the voltage corresponding with the turn ratio of elementary winding and secondary winding.This voltage becomes forward voltage to regeneration diode D7, regeneration diode D7 conducting and flow through regenerative current, and regenerate to input power supply Vin.Equally, when the surge voltage that the reverse recovery current because of rectifier diode D2 produces produces, flow through regenerative current among the regeneration diode D8 in secondary winding Ns2, and regenerate to input power supply Vin.
Sequential chart according to simulation results such as the voltage of the each several part of DC-DC transducer 20 shown in Figure 4, electric current, signal conditions explains above-mentioned regeneration action.In this simulated conditions, establish number of turn n1=8, the number of turn n2=1 of secondary winding Ns1, Ns2, output voltage vout=14V, the switching frequency=100kHz of supply voltage vin=300V, elementary winding Np.And, in the circuit of reality,, set the deadtime that both end simultaneously, but therefore this point is not considered in this emulation owing to be not major part of the present invention according to switch element QA and QB or switch element QC and the CD mode of conducting simultaneously not.
Transverse axis is the elapsed time in Fig. 4.The QA of the longitudinal axis, QB, QC, QD represent the state of each switch element respectively, and conducting when switch element is the H level at it ends during for the L level.The Np voltage of the longitudinal axis is the voltage of elementary winding Np.And D1 electric current, D2 electric current are that flowing through with forward is positive rectifier diode D1, the electric current of D2, and the D7 electric current is the electric current that flows through regeneration diode D7.In addition, the electric current that flows through regeneration diode D8 just departed from for 1/2 cycle with the electric current that flows through regeneration diode D7, therefore omitted record.
At first, at moment t0, shown in the state of each switch element, switch element QA conducting, QB end, and switch element QC ends, the QD conducting, and it is positive voltage that elementary winding Np is applied in resonance coil Lr side.Thus,, and in rectifier diode D1, flow through electric current by the voltage that is produced among the secondary winding Ns1, and along with the time increases gradually.The voltage that is produced among the secondary winding Ns2 is reverse voltage for rectifier diode D2, so does not have electric current to flow among the rectifier diode D2.
End as if switch element QC conducting, QD at moment t1, the voltage that then imposes on elementary winding Np becomes zero.Electric current continues to flow with the same before path in rectifier diode D1, but changes according to the tendency that reduces along with the time.Owing in secondary coil Ns2, can not produce voltage, so the electric current of rectifier diode D2 still is zero.
If switch element QA by, QB conducting, then produces reverse voltage among secondary coil Ns1, the Ns2, and the electric current that flows through rectifier diode D1 sharply reduces at moment t2.On the other hand, in order to compensate the minimizing that flows to the electric current of choke La from rectifier diode D1, freewheel current flows in rectifier diode D2, increases.
The electric current that flows through rectifier diode D1 at moment t3 is zero, afterwards only at short notice with the reverse flow reverse recovery current.As mentioned above, this reverse recovery current becomes short circuit current with rectifier diode D1 → secondary winding Ns1 → secondary winding Ns2 → rectifier diode D2 → such path flow of rectifier diode D1.
If reverse recovery current flows to be finished, the electric current that then flows through rectifier diode D1 sharply becomes zero at moment t4.Carve at this moment, elementary winding Np is applied in resonance coil Lr side and is negative voltage.Thus, flow through the electric current of rectifier diode D2 along with the time increases.
In addition, because of accumulate the surge voltage that energy produced of transformer T by this reverse recovery current, make in regeneration diode D7 the short time flow through regenerative current.Regenerative current becomes body diode → elementary winding Np → such path of regeneration diode D7 of rectifier diode D7 → input power supply Vin → switch element QD.If will with this electric current as DC-DC transducer 10 in primary side regeneration, then the maximum that flows through the electric current of regeneration diode because of the turn ratio relation becomes four times unexpectedly on calculating, and is proportional therewith and the loss in the regeneration diode is also increased.And, under the situation of the loss-free buffer circuit of DC-DC transducer 10 and since regeneration with electric current when the charging of capacitor and when discharge flow through diode respectively, so loss also increases.Especially, when charging capacitor, because the big surge current of peak value flows through diode, so loss is also big.Therefore, from only comparing current value as can be known simply, the present invention can reduce loss.Like this, in DC-DC transducer 20 of the present invention, flow through the loss that electric current produced of regeneration diode, be far smaller than the loss that produces in the loss-free buffer circuit of DC-DC transducer 10.
Here, turn back to the explanation of sequential chart., finish from moment t1 half period by, QD conducting at moment t5 switch element QC, the half period opposite with moment t1～t5 begins.In opposite half period, the surge voltage that is produced by the reverse recovery current of rectifier diode D2 will produce in secondary winding Ls2, flows through regenerative current in regeneration diode D8, and it is former to the input electricity to regenerate.The path of regenerative current becomes body diode → input power supply Vin → regeneration diode D8 of regeneration diode D8 → elementary winding Np → switch element QC.
Then, adopt table 1, DC-DC transducer 10 and the DC-DC transducer 20 of the present invention that has possessed loss-free buffer circuit compared.
[table 1]
| DC- |
DC- |
|
| Append the parts number of packages | 7 | 2 |
| Rectifier diode surge voltage [V] | 4×Vin/n | (2+α)×Vin/n |
| Rectifier diode is withstand voltage [V] | 200 | 150 |
| Rectifier diode loss [W] (output current 120A) | 102 | 80 |
※α＜1
At first, for the number of the parts that appended in the basic circuit structure, owing to only appended two diodes in the present invention, so quantity is few.Thereby maximization, the cost that can suppress to cause by appending parts rise.Especially, under the situation of the loss-free buffer circuit of DC-DC transducer 10,, need large-scale capacitor C3, C4 and coil Lb, and the parts area occupied is limited in order to handle big electric current.
Then, when the surge voltage that is applied to rectifier diode was compared, surge voltage of the present invention was littler.As concrete example, when hypothesis was imported voltage vin=300V, the turn ratio n=8 of power supply Vin, the surge voltage in DC-DC transducer 10 about 150V was applied to rectifier diode.Market sale can the actual diode that utilizes in, only be discrete fixing withstand voltage diode, it is unpractical for example using the such option of diode of withstand voltage 180V.Particularly, general withstand voltage is 120V, 150V, 200V, 300V.Therefore, in DC-DC transducer 10, utilize the diode of withstand voltage 200V.
On the other hand, under the situation of DC-DC transducer 20, surge voltage roughly less than 3/4 times, becomes about 110V.In this case, can utilize the diode of the market sale of withstand voltage 150V.In addition, the α of table 1 is the constant less than 1, and this value is affected because of transformer coupled degree.
At this, Fig. 5 represents the voltage-current characteristic of withstand voltage 150V and two diodes of 200V.Hence one can see that, and withstand voltage its forward voltage drop of low diode is little, and the loss that produces because of forward current is little.For example, when having carried out output current in two ways when being the design of 120A, if use the rectifier diode of withstand voltage 200V, then the loss in the rectifier diode becomes 102W, relative therewith, under the situation of the rectifier diode that has used withstand voltage 150V, the loss in the rectifier diode becomes 80W, can seek about 20% loss reduction.
Like this, in DC-DC transducer of the present invention, compare, can reduce the loss that produces because of surge current with existing DC-DC transducer.In addition,, therefore withstand voltage low rectifier diode can be adopted, the loss that produces because of forward current can also be reduced owing to can reduce to be applied to the surge voltage of rectifier diode.Its result according to the present application people's experiment, can significantly be increased to 95% with the conversion efficiency of DC-DC transducer.Thus, caloric value reduces, and cooling measure becomes easily, and can prevent maximization, the weightization of the DC-DC transducer that causes because of cooling measure.
(embodiment 2)
Fig. 6 represents the circuit diagram of other embodiment of DC-DC transducer of the present invention.In DC-DC transducer 30 shown in Figure 6,, make the circuit structure difference of primary side for DC-DC transducer 20 of the present invention shown in Figure 3.Because the key component of invention comprises that promptly the circuit of primary side of regeneration diode D7, D8 is identical, therefore, only primary side is described.
At first, setting has or not centre tapped secondary winding Ns3 in transformer T.Centre cap from secondary winding Ns2 in the number of turn of secondary winding Ns3 and the DC-DC transducer 20 is identical to the number of turn of a side.The end of secondary winding Ns3 and the other end are connected with an end of output terminal Vout on respectively via choke L1, L2 connection basis.In addition, the end of secondary winding Ns3 and the other end are being connected with the negative electrode of rectifier diode D9, D10 respectively, and the anode of rectifier diode D9, D10 is connected with the other end of output terminal Vout on basis connected to one another.Be connected with smmothing capacitor Ca between one end of output terminal Vout and the other end.
The primary side of DC-DC transducer 30 has been to use rectification, the smoothing circuit of current multiplier (current-doubler) mode of two general rectifier diodes.If applying with resonance coil Lr side to primary side is positive voltage, then generation makes rectifier diode D10 become the voltage of forward on secondary winding Ns3, and electric current is with secondary winding Ns3 → choke L1 → load (not shown) → rectifier diode D10 → such path flow of secondary winding Ns3.This electric current is along with the time increases.Then, if the voltage of primary side is not for having, though then flow with identical path current, current value reduced along with the time.Then, if apply with the voltage of resonance coil Lr side for bearing to primary side, then produce the voltage that rectifier diode D9 is become forward on the contrary on secondary winding Ns3, electric current is with secondary winding Ns3 → choke L2 → load (not shown) → rectifier diode D9 → such path flow of secondary winding Ns3.Also flow through the electric current of above-mentioned choke L1 this moment, rectifier diode D9 is moved as fly-wheel diode, and with choke L1 → load (not shown) → rectifier diode D9 → such path of choke L1, on one side along with time decreased, temporary transient on one side continuation is flowed.Then, be positive voltage, then turn back to initial action that L1 provides electric current to load via choke if apply with resonance coil Lr side to primary side.Also flow as fly-wheel diode with rectifier diode D10 via the electric current that choke L2 offers load this moment, thereby not disappearance temporarily.And above-mentioned action repeats.Like this, when the electric current that flows through a choke was provided for load, the electric current that flows through another choke was also offered load simultaneously, so be called the current multiplier mode.
In the circuit of current multiplier mode, when in rectifier diode, being applied in reverse voltage after the freewheel current vanishing, having only in the very short time and flow through reverse recovery current.The reverse recovery current that for example flows through rectifier diode D10 is with diode D10 → diode D9 → secondary winding Ns3 → such path flow of diode D10.Then, if this reverse recovery current sharply stops, will producing surge voltage, and this surge voltage is oppositely to be applied to rectifier diode D10.In rectifier diode D9 too.
And, in DC-DC transducer 30 of the present invention, owing to possess two regeneration diode D7, D8 in primary side, therefore, same with the situation of DC-DC transducer 20, can be with the surge that low-loss absorbs and regeneration produces because of the reverse recovery current of rectifier diode D9, D10.
(embodiment 3)
Fig. 7 represents the circuit diagram of other another embodiment of DC-DC transducer of the present invention.For DC-DC transducer 40 shown in Figure 7, in DC-DC transducer 20 of the present invention shown in Figure 3 the rectification circuit of primary side having been adopted switch element is the synchronous rectification mode of electric power with power MOSFET.In addition, in the circuit structure indifference of primary side.
For the synchronous rectification mode,, therefore this point is described owing to produced some changes on the circuit structure.At first, the end of secondary winding Ns is connected with the drain electrode of synchronous rectification with switch element QE, and the other end is connected with the drain electrode of synchronous rectification with switch element QF.Synchronous rectification also is connected with the other end of output terminal Vout with the source electrode while connected to one another of switch element QD, QE.And the centre tap of secondary winding Ns is connected with an end of output terminal Vout via choke La.Switch element QE, QF possess internal capacitance and body diode.In addition, control terminal is that grid is connected with the abridged control circuit.
Each switch element QD, QE are owing to the forward with its body diode just uses as the rectification direction towards the direction of drain electrode from source electrode, if therefore switch element QD, QE always end, then move as just diode rectifier circuit, but, by apply to body diode forward voltage during synchronously make switch element QD, QE conducting, so that between low-resistance drain electrode and source electrode also streaming current, can realize low-lossization.In addition, changing to the centre tap side of secondary winding Ns and an end ways of connecting of output terminal Vout, is for the source electrode that makes switch element QD, QE becomes low potential side, and control easily.
Used among switch element QE, the QD of FET to have internal capacitance, ended even FET becomes, the electric current of this internal capacitance of only charging also can flow from the direction of drain electrode towards source electrode.This electric current is owing to carry out the action identical with the reverse recovery current of rectifier diode in fact in the DC-DC transducer, so produce surge because of same effect.And, in DC-DC transducer 40 of the present invention, owing to be provided with regeneration diode D7, D8 in primary side, therefore, identical with the situation of DC-DC transducer 20, can be with the surge that low-loss absorbs and regeneration produces because of the reverse current of switch element QE, QF.
In addition, with under the situation of diode, forward voltage drop becomes the main cause of loss in rectification, and still, with under the situation of switch element, conducting resistance becomes the main cause of loss in synchronous rectification.Usually, withstand voltage low switch element can make conducting resistance little.Therefore, in DC-DC transducer 40 of the present invention,, can further reduce the loss in the switch element because therefore the surge voltage step-down that applies can be adopted as synchronous rectification usefulness by the switch element that conducting resistance is little.
(embodiment 4)
Fig. 8 represents the circuit diagram of other another embodiment of DC-DC transducer of the present invention.For DC-DC transducer 50 shown in Figure 8, in DC-DC transducer 30 shown in Figure 6, the rectification circuit of primary side changed to have used switch element be the synchronous rectification mode of FET.In addition, in the circuit structure indifference of primary side.
When carrying out synchronous rectification, replace diode D9, D10, switch element QG, QH are set according to the mode that makes body diode become equidirectional.The control terminal of switch element QG, QH is that grid is connected with the illustrated control circuit of omission.In addition, in DC-DC transducer 50, the source electrode of switch element QG, QH has only become low potential side by displacement, so, do not carry out the change of the wiring of the such primary side of DC-DC transducer 40.
In DC-DC transducer 50, owing to also regeneration is set with diode D7, D8 in primary side, therefore same with the situation of DC-DC transducer 30, the surge that can produce with the reverse current of low-loss absorption and regenerative switch element QG, QH.
In addition, in each above-mentioned embodiment,, resonance coil Lr is connected in series with the one distolateral (+side) of input power supply Vin, but obviously, also can distolateral with another (side) be connected in series at elementary winding Np.In this case, also the tie point of resonance coil and elementary winding and input power supply Vin one distolateral and another be connected with the regeneration diode between distolateral.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of DC-DC transducer has: the input power supply; Insulating transformer, it possesses elementary winding and secondary winding; The resonance coil that zero voltage switch is used, it is connected with described elementary windings in series; With phase shift control and the switching circuit of the full-bridge mode that drives, its be connected with the series circuit that resonance coil constitutes by described elementary winding; And rectification circuit, it is arranged on described secondary winding,
Described DC-DC transducer is characterised in that:
With first and second regeneration diode, between the end of the tie point of described elementary winding and described resonance coil and described input power supply and and the other end of described input power supply between setting respectively.
2, DC-DC transducer according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Described rectification circuit is a diode rectifier circuit.
3, DC-DC transducer according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Described rectification circuit is the circuit of synchronous rectification that has utilized FET.
4, according to each described DC-DC transducer in the claim 1～3, it is characterized in that,
Described rectification circuit is a centre cap mode rectification circuit.
5, according to each described DC-DC transducer in the claim 1～3, it is characterized in that,
Described rectification circuit is a current multiplier mode rectification circuit.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP190787/2005 | 2005-06-29 | ||
| JP2005190787 | 2005-06-29 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101248575A true CN101248575A (en) | 2008-08-20 |
Family
ID=37595089
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2005800514004A Pending CN101248575A (en) | 2005-06-29 | 2005-09-06 | DC-DC converter |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20080170418A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1909381A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4013995B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20080026125A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101248575A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2007000830A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1909381A1 (en) | 2008-04-09 |
| KR20080026125A (en) | 2008-03-24 |
| WO2007000830A1 (en) | 2007-01-04 |
| JP4013995B2 (en) | 2007-11-28 |
| JPWO2007000830A1 (en) | 2009-01-22 |
| US20080170418A1 (en) | 2008-07-17 |
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