CN101233216A - Fuel compositions - Google Patents
Fuel compositions Download PDFInfo
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- CN101233216A CN101233216A CNA2006800273341A CN200680027334A CN101233216A CN 101233216 A CN101233216 A CN 101233216A CN A2006800273341 A CNA2006800273341 A CN A2006800273341A CN 200680027334 A CN200680027334 A CN 200680027334A CN 101233216 A CN101233216 A CN 101233216A
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- Prior art keywords
- levulinic acid
- fuel
- fuel composition
- ester
- composition
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
- C10L1/026—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for compression ignition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
- C10L1/1608—Well defined compounds, e.g. hexane, benzene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
- C10L1/1616—Hydrocarbons fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine
Abstract
A fuel composition comprising a gas oil base fuel, an alkyl levulinate and one or more additional components, each of which components contains one or more aromatic constituents; and a method of reducing the phase separation temperature of a fuel composition.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to contain the fuel composition of gas oil basic fuel, particularly comprise this composition of levulinate and relate to their preparation and purposes.
Background technology
Known two kinds of different fuel elements are mixed to improve the performance and/or the performance of resultant composition, show as engine.
Known diesel oil fuel component comprises the what is called " biofuel " that obtains from biomaterial.Example comprises levulinate.
Levulinate (ester of levulinic acid) and be described in Zh.Prikl.Khim. (Leningrad) (1969) 42 (4) by the method that makes the reaction of suitable alcohol and furfuryl acetate prepare them, 958-9 and methyl esters, ethyl ester, propyl ester, butyl ester, pentyl ester and own ester in particular.
WO-A-94/21753 discloses the fuel that comprises gasoline and diesel oil that is used for oil engine, and this fuel comprises the C of certain proportion (as 1-90%v, 1-50%v, preferred 1-20%v)
4-6Ketone group-carbonic acid (preferred levulinic acid) and C
1-22The ester of alcohol.With C
1-8The ester of alcohol is described to be particularly suitable for being included in the gasoline and and C
9-22The ester of alcohol is described to be particularly suitable for being included in the diesel oil.
Embodiment among the WO-A-94/21753 comprises a certain amount of levulinate in gasoline, be used to improve octane value (RON and MON).
WO-A-03/002696 discloses the fuel composition of introducing levulinic acid or its functional derivatives, purpose is to compare the oxygen that more volumes are provided with ethanol or traditional oxygenatedchemicals such as MTBE or ETBE, makes the increase of fuel Reid vapor pressure less or do not increase and the less or not influence to the flash-point influence of basic fuel.Described functional derivatives is alkyl derivative preferably, more preferably C
1-10Alkyl derivative.It is said preferably ethyl levulinate, and methyl ester levulinate is preferred surrogate.Levulinic acid or functional derivatives are preferred for forming the 0.1-5%v of fuel.
Tend to make present commercially available ignition (diesel oil) engine optimization that the fuels run of required specification is arranged with apparatus.In addition, require the condition of operation engine can influence the mode that the fuel composition in the engine wherein works.Especially, when free air temperature descended, for the fuel of single-phase uniform liquid may become multi-phase fluid, this was because some component (i) is solidified (formation solid wax) or (ii) unmixing and form independent liquid level in bulk liquid under normal temps.Begin the temperature (it is called fuel " cloud point ") that is characterized as fuel transparency change and this variation of generation that wax forms during cooling.If when cooling, before cloud point, form independent liquid phase, the temperature that then forms this independent liquid phase is called " phase separation temperature ".Diesel oil specification such as ASTMD975-02 (USA) and EN590 (Europe) comprise that the boundary of cloud point temperature is to guarantee that diesel oil is fluid and to prevent that fuel filter is by the paraffin blockage plug under minimum expection working temperature.In order to make not trouble of operation, also need the diesel oil in the diesel fuel tank to keep evenly, this is because the composition of part or all of any isolating liquid level may be not suitable as the fuel of engine.Therefore the normal business diesel base fuel is mixed with other fuel element can be the performance of blend in its engine that is intended for use be had adverse influence for improving overall fuel performance and/or performance.
Owing to above reason, need be near the mark the as far as possible overall specifications of commercially available diesel base fuel of the overall specifications of various diesel fuel blending thing, engine tends to be optimized at this basic fuel.
But because any other fuel element may change the performance and the performance of basic fuel, this may be difficult to reach.The performance of blend in addition, particularly it always can simply directly not predicted from the performance of independent composition fuel the influence of low temperature performance.
Be surprisingly found out that now the phase separation temperature of fuel composition depends on the content of aromatics composition in the basic fuel in the fuel composition that contains gas oil basic fuel and levulinic acid alkyl ester.Especially, when increasing the content of aromatics composition, phase separation temperature descends.In addition, under specific temperature, if increase the content of aromatics composition, the amount of the levulinic acid alkyl ester that then can introduce in uniform mixture increases.
Summary of the invention
According to the invention provides the fuel composition that contains gas oil basic fuel, levulinic acid alkyl ester and one or more annexing ingredients, this annexing ingredient comprises one or more aromatics compositions for every kind.
The method of the phase separation temperature that reduces the fuel composition that contains gas oil basic fuel and levulinic acid alkyl ester also is provided according to the present invention, this method comprises preferred by introduce one or more annexing ingredients in described fuel composition, this annexing ingredient comprises one or more aromatics compositions for every kind, thereby increases the content of aromatics composition in the described fuel composition.
According to the present invention further provides one or more annexing ingredients are used to reduce the phase separation temperature of described fuel composition in the fuel composition that contains gas oil basic fuel and levulinic acid alkyl ester purposes, this annexing ingredient comprises one or more aromatics compositions for every kind.
The operation compression ignition engine also further is provided according to the present invention and/or provides the method for vehicle powered by this engine, this method comprises introduces fuel composition of the present invention in the combustion chamber of described engine.
Also further provide operation to be furnished with the method for the heating appliances of burner according to the present invention, this method comprises to this burner provides fuel composition of the present invention.
The method of the described fuel composition of preparation also further is provided according to the present invention, and this method comprises mixed gas oil basic fuel, levulinic acid alkyl ester and one or more annexing ingredients, and this annexing ingredient comprises one or more aromatics compositions for every kind.
Preferably, described levulinic acid alkyl ester is selected from levulinic acid C
2-8Alkyl ester, more preferably ethyl levulinate, levulinic acid n-propyl, the positive butyl ester of levulinic acid, levulinic acid n-pentyl ester, the own ester of levulinic acid 2-and levulinic acid 2-ethylhexyl, still more preferably ethyl levulinate, the positive butyl ester of levulinic acid or levulinic acid n-pentyl ester, most preferably ethyl levulinate.
Preferably, described annexing ingredient is selected from the material that is suitable for the fuel composition blending, and for example (i) aromatics component content is higher than refinery's product stream of described basic fuel or (ii) ebullient aromatic solvent such as SHELLSOL AB (available from Shell company) in the gas oil normal temperature range.
Preferably, the concentration of described annexing ingredient in fuel composition meets one or more following parameters :-
(i) 1%m at least; (ii) 5%m at least; (iii) 10%m at least; (iv) 15%m at least; (v) 25%m at the most; (vi) 30%m at the most; (vii) 40%m, (viii) 50%m at the most, and have feature (i) and (viii), (ii) and (vii), (iii) and (vi) and (iv) and (scope v) is preferred gradually respectively at the most.
Preferably, the concentration of aromatics composition in comprising the fuel composition of described annexing ingredient meets one or more following parameters :-
(i) 1%m at least; (ii) 5%m at least; (iii) 10%m at least; (iv) 20%m at least; (v) 30%m at the most; (vi) 35%m at the most; (vii) 40%m at the most, (viii) 50%m at the most, and have feature (i) and (viii), (ii) and (vii), (iii) and (vi) and (iv) and (scope v) is preferred gradually respectively.
Preferably, make the described phase separation temperature of described fuel composition reduce at least 3 ℃, more preferably at least 5 ℃, still more preferably at least 10 ℃ and most preferably at least 20 ℃.
Preferably, the described phase separation temperature of described fuel composition is lower than-5 ℃, more preferably less than-10 ℃, still more preferably less than-20 ℃ with most preferably be lower than-30 ℃.
Embodiment
Aspect all, the blend of two or more levulinic acid alkyl esters can be included in the described fuel composition of the present invention.In the context of the present invention, the selection of the specific components of this blend and their ratio depend on one or more desired characteristic of fuel composition.
The present invention can be used for the preparation of fuels blend, this fuel blending thing wishes to be used in particular for the surrogate of modern commercially available diesel motor as the standard diesel base fuel, for example when pressure commercial and legislation helps using organic the deriving " biofuel " of increasing amount.
In the context of the present invention, " use " of fuel element in fuel composition means easily before composition is introduced engine, component is introduced composition, typically as introducing with the blend (being physical mixture) of one or more other fuel elements.
Fuel composition typically mainly comprises basic fuel, as 50-99%v, preferred 50-98%v, more preferably 80-98%v, 90-98%v most preferably.Selecting the ratio of levulinic acid alkyl ester is other performance impact that phase separation temperature and this ratio also may be subjected to Overall Group's compound requirement to reach required compatibility degree.
The fuel composition that the present invention relates to comprises and is used for the automobile compression ignition engine and is used for for example diesel oil of boats and ships, railway and stationary engine of other type of engine, and comprises the industrial gas oil that is used for heating application (as boiler).
Basic fuel self can contain the mixture of two or more different diesel oil fuel components, and/or as described below be to add additive.
This diesel oil will comprise basic fuel, and this basic fuel can typically comprise liquid hydrocarbon middle distillate gas oil, for example derived from the gas oil of oil.Depend on grade and purposes, the boiling point of this fuel is typically in 150-400 ℃ of common diesel range.Their density under 15 ℃ typically is 750-900kg/m
3, preferred 800-860kg/m
3(as ASTM D4502 or IP365), and cetane value (ASTM D613) is 35-80, more preferably 40-75.Typically their initial boiling point is that 150-230 ℃ and final boiling point are 290-400 ℃.Their kinematic viscosity (ASTM D445) under 40 ℃ can be 1.5-4.5mm suitably
2/ s.
This industrial gas oil comprises basic fuel, and this basic fuel can comprise kerosene or the gas oil fraction of fuel fraction as obtaining in traditional refinery process, and it is useful product with the upgrading of raw petroleum raw material.Preferred this cut comprise carbon number be 5-40, more preferably 5-31, also more preferably 6-25, most preferably component and the density of this cut under 15 ℃ of 9-2 5 are 650-1000kg/m
3, the kinematic viscosity under 20 ℃ is 1-80mm
2/ s and boiling range are 150-400 ℃.
Randomly, non-mineral oil base fuel such as biofuel or fischer-tropsch derived fuel also can form or exist in fuel composition.This fischer-tropsch fuel for example can be handled resistates, coal or biomass derived from Sweet natural gas, natural gas liquids, oil or shale oil, oil or shale oil.
The amount that is used for the fischer-tropsch derived fuel of diesel fuel composition can be the 0.5-100%v of overall diesel fuel composition, preferred 5-75%v.May need composition to comprise 10%v or more, more preferably 20%v or more, still more preferably 30%v or more fischer-tropsch derived fuel.Special preferred composition comprises 30-75%v and especially 30 or the fischer-tropsch derived fuel of 70%v.The remainder of fuel composition is by one or more other fuel mixs.
The industrial gas oil composition preferably contains greater than 50wt%, more preferably greater than the fischer-tropsch derived fuel component of 70wt%.
This fischer-tropsch derived fuel component is any cut of middle distillate fuel range, and it can be separated from (hydrocracking) fischer-tropsch synthesis product.Typical cut seethes with excitement in petroleum naphtha, kerosene or gas oil range.Preferably, use ebullient fischer-tropsch products in kerosene or gas oil range, this is for example to handle in the home environment because these products are easier.It is above between 160 and 400 ℃, preferably arrive about 370 ℃ of ebullient cuts that this product contains its 90wt% suitably.The example of Fisher-Tropsch derived kerosene and gas oil is described in EP-A-0583836, WO-A-97/14768, WO-A-97/14769, WO-A-00/11116, WO-A-00/11117, WO-A-01/83406, WO-A-01/83648, WO-A-01/83647, WO-A-01/83641, WO-A-00/20535, WO-A-00/20534, EP-A-1101813, US-A-5766274, US-A-5378348, US-A-5888376 and US-A-6204426.
Fischer-tropsch products comprises suitably greater than 80wt% with more suitably greater than the isoparaffin of 95wt% and n-paraffin and less than 1wt% aromatic hydrocarbons, and surplus is a cyclanes compound.The content of sulphur and nitrogen is very low and be usually less than the limit of detection of these compounds.The sulphur content that comprises the fuel composition of fischer-tropsch products owing to this reason may be very low.
Fuel composition preferably comprise be not more than 5000ppmw sulphur, more preferably no more than 500ppmw or be not more than 350ppmw or be not more than 150ppmw or be not more than 100ppmw or be not more than 50ppmw or most preferably be not more than the sulphur of 10ppmw.
Except that levulinic acid alkyl ester and above-mentioned one or more annexing ingredients, this annexing ingredient comprises one or more aromatics compositions for every kind, and as needs, fuel composition of the present invention can comprise one or more following additives.
Basic fuel self can be (additive-free) that is arranged (the containing additive) of additive or do not have additive.If add additive as in refinery, it comprises a small amount of one or more and for example is selected from following additive: static inhibitor, pipeline flow improver, FLOW IMPROVERS (as ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer or acrylate/copolymer-maleic anhydride), oiliness additive, antioxidant and wax antisettling agent.
The diesel fuel additive that contains purification agent is known and commercially available.Can reduce, eliminate in hope or slow down under the engine deposits cumulative level these additives are added in the diesel oil.
The example of purification agent that is applicable to the fuel dope of this purpose comprises succinimide or the succinic diamide of polyamine, for example polyisobutenyl succinimide or polyisobutylene amine succinamides, aliphatic amine, Mannich base or amine and polyolefine (as the polyisobutene) maleic anhydride that polyolefine replaces.Succinimide dispersant additives for example is described in GB-A-960493, EP-A-0147240, EP-A-0482253, EP-A-0613938, EP-A-0557516 and WO-A-98/42808.Succinimide such as polyisobutenyl succinimide that special preferably polyolefine replaces.
Except that purification agent, additive can comprise other component.Example is: lubricity enhancer; De-misting agent such as alkoxylate novolac polymer; Antifoams (as polyether-modified polysiloxane); Ignition improver (cetane number improver) (as nitric acid 2-ethylhexyl (EHN), cyclohexyl nitrate, di-t-butyl peroxide and capable of the 3rd hurdle the 21st row those disclosed) on US-A-4208190 the 2nd hurdle the 27; Rust-preventive agent is (as the propane-1 of tetrapropylene base succsinic acid, the polyol ester of 2-glycol half ester or succinic acid derivative, succinic acid derivative contains not the aliphatic hydrocarbyl that contains 20-500 carbon atom that replaces or replace on its at least one alpha-carbon atom, as the pentaerythritol diester of the succsinic acid of polyisobutene replacement); Stopping agent; Perfume compound; Wear preventive additive; Antioxidant (as phenol antioxidant as 2,6-two-tert.-butyl phenol or phenylenediamine such as N, N '-two-secondary-butyl-p-phenylenediamine); Metal passivator; And combustion improving agent.
Special preferable additives comprises lubricity enhancer, particularly when fuel composition has low (as 500ppmw or littler) sulphur content.In additivated fuel composition, the concentration that lubricity enhancer exists is preferably 50-1000ppmw, more preferably 100-1000ppmw easily less than 1000ppmw.Suitable commercially available lubricity enhancer comprises ester-Ji and acid-based additive.Other lubricity enhancer is described in the patent documentation, and is relevant with their uses in low sulfur content diesel oil fuel especially, for example is described in the following document:
-Danping Wei and H.A.Spikes article, " The Lubricity of DieeseelFuels ", Wear, III (1986) 217-235;
-WO-A-95/33805-strengthens the cold flow improver of low-sulfur fuel oilness;
Some ester of-WO-A-94/17160-carboxylic acid and alcohol, wherein said carboxylic acid contains 2-50 carbon atom and described alcohol and contains 1 or more a plurality of carbon atom, particularly XU 61518.10 and diisodecyl adipate as the fuel dope that reduces wearing and tearing in the diesel motor injection system;
-US-A-5490864-is as some phosphorodithioic acid diester-glycol of the anti-wear lubricating additive of low sulphur diesel fuel; With
Some contains at least one carboxyl that is connected to its virtue nuclear to give the Alkylaromatics of anti-wear lubricating effect especially in low sulphur diesel fuel-WO-A-98/01516-.
Also preferable additives comprises antifoams, more preferably with rust-preventive agent and/or stopping agent and/or oiliness additive combination.
Unless otherwise indicated, (active substance) concentration of every kind of these annexing ingredient is preferably 10000ppmw at the most in additivated fuel composition, and more preferably 0.1-1000ppmw is 0.1-300ppmw advantageously, as 0.1-150ppmw.
(active substance) concentration of any de-misting agent is preferably 0.1-20ppmw in fuel composition, more preferably 1-15ppmw, and still more preferably 1-10ppmw advantageously is 1-5ppmw.(active substance) concentration of any ignition improver that exists is preferably 2600ppmw or littler, and more preferably 2000ppmw or littler is 300-1500ppmw easily.
As needs, can be with binder component listed above mixed together in multifunctional additive for lubricating oils, preferably with the suitable diluent mixed together with multifunctional additive for lubricating oils can be dispensed into fuel to obtain composition of the present invention with suitable quantity.
For example under the situation of diesel fuel composition, additive typically comprises purification agent, randomly with other said components, with diesel oil consistency thinner, this thinner can be carrier oil (as a mineral oil), end-blocking or terminated polyether not, non-polar solvent is (as toluene, dimethylbenzene, the white solvent oil and sell with trade mark " SHELLSOL " by Shell company those), and/or polar solvent is (as ester and particularly pure as hexanol, 2-Ethylhexyl Alcohol, decyl alcohol, those that different tridecyl alcohol and alcohol mixture are sold with trade mark " LINEVOL " by Shell company, particularly (it is C to LINEVOL79 alcohol
7-9The mixture of primary alconol) or commercially available C
12-14Alcohol mixture).
Additive level can be 0-10000ppmw suitably and preferably be lower than 5000ppmw.
Preferably, the levulinic acid alkyl ester concentration in the fuel composition meets one or more following parameters :-
(i) 1%v at least; (ii) 2%v at least; (iii) 3%v at least; (iv) 4%v at least; (v) 5%v at least; (vi) 6%v at the most; (vii) 8%v at the most; (viii) 10%v, (xi) 12%v, (x) 35%v at the most at the most at the most, and have respectively feature (i) and (x), (ii) and (ix), (iii) with (viii), (iv) with (vii) and (v) with (scope vi) is preferred gradually.
In this specification sheets, the amount of component (concentration, %v, ppmw, wt%) is the amount of active substance, does not promptly comprise volatile solvent/diluent materials.
The present invention is specially adapted to following situation: fuel composition is used for or wishes to be used for direct injection diesel motor for example rotor pump, in-line pump, modular pump, electronic unit injectors or the engine of rail type usually, or be used for the indirect injection diesel motor.Fuel composition is applicable to heavy type and/or light-duty diesel engine.
As mentioned above, it is applicable to that also fuel composition wherein is used for heating the situation of application examples such as boiler.This boiler comprises standard boiler, low temperature boiler and condensing boiler and typically is used to heat commerce or the water of family expenses such as space heating and water heating.
The present invention can obtain many arbitrarily advantageous effects, and this effect comprises good engine low temperature performance.
Now by further describing the present invention with reference to following embodiment, wherein unless otherwise indicated, umber and percentages and temperature are degree centigrade:
By under envrionment temperature (20 ℃), will making fuel and additive blending with homogenizing in the described additive adding basic fuel.
Use following additive :-ethyl levulinate (available from Avocado); The positive butyl ester of levulinic acid (available from Aldrich); With levulinic acid n-pentyl ester (obtaining) available from City Chemica1 or by 1-amylalcohol (available from A1drich) and levulinic acid (available from Aldrich) reaction.
Embodiment
The compatibility of levulinate is somewhat dependent upon the basic fuel performance.Two kinds of basic fuels selecting to represent the European market are to study this effect, and promptly (1) fuel A is DreyfussULSD, and cloud point is the hydrogenation AGO of 22%m for-27 ℃ with aromaticity content; (2) fuel B is Swedish Class 1 AGO, and it is that cloud point is-38 ℃ low density, low aromatic hydrocarbons (4%m) diesel oil.Two kinds of basic fuels satisfy the EN590 specification.
The performance of fuel A and B sees Table 1.
Table 1
| Fuel A | Fuel B | |
| Mi Du @15 ℃, kg/m 3 | 822 | 815 |
| Distillation T50, ℃ | 242 | 235 |
| Distillation T95, ℃ | 304 | 272 |
| Cetane value | 54 | 54 |
| Nian Du @40 ℃, mm 2/s | 2.10 | 2.03 |
| Sulphur, mg/kg | 10 | ＜5 |
| Cloud point, ℃ | -27 | -38 |
| Aromatic hydrocarbons, %m | 22 | 4 |
For the purpose of screening, simple testing method is used for determining room temperature (20 ℃) limit of ethyl levulinate compatibility.The ester of accurate measurement volume is sequentially added in the known volume diesel oil in the 15ml vial, shakes and observe.The room temperature limit that is recorded as the mixture compatibility with becoming turbid first.The results are shown in Table 2 and clearly illustrate that the fuel A with higher aromaticity content is than the more ethyl levulinate of fuel B solubilising.
Table 2
| Fuel A | Fuel B |
| 14％v | 7％v |
The compatibility of various levulinic acid alkyl esters is measured in use based on the method for ASTM D2500 " cloud point " process.In this process, the sample (40ml) of fuel is cooled off from envrionment temperature (20 ℃) a series of remaining in the thermostatic bath that reduces gradually under the temperature.When sample is cooled to its wax cloud point, it is checked at interval by 1 ℃.The wax cloud point of describing in ASTM D2500, two other temperature that record conforms to following observed situation, condition are that they occur:
(1) muddy first the appearance,
(2) the independent signal first that comes off of liquid phase.
In each case, cooling lasts till wax cloud point-more than the wax cloud point, because sample becomes opaque, is separated thereby can not observe further reliably.
With the blending and measure the compatibility of every kind of blend under various concentration of ester ethyl levulinate, the positive butyl ester of levulinic acid and the solution of levulinic acid n-pentyl ester in fuel A.The results are shown in following table 3.
Table 3
| Phase separation temperature (℃) | |||
| Ester concentration (%v) | Ethyl levulinate | The positive butyl ester of levulinic acid | The levulinic acid n-pentyl ester |
| 2 | W | W | W |
| 3 | W | W | W |
| 4 | -17 | W | W |
| 5 | -10 | W | W |
| 6 | -5* | W | W |
| 8 | 7 | W | W |
| 10 | 14 | W | W |
W represents that mixture is cooled to wax cloud point (being-27 ℃ for fuel A) does not have liquid separation; *=extrapolated value
Use fuel B to repeat the compatibility test.The results are shown in Table 4.
Table 4
| Phase separation temperature (℃) | |||
| Ester concentration (%v) | Ethyl levulinate | The positive butyl ester of levulinic acid | The levulinic acid n-pentyl ester |
| 2 | -26 | W | W |
| 3 | -10 | W | W |
| 4 | 3 | W | W |
| 5 | 5 | -31* | W |
| 6 | 10* | -26 | W |
| 8 | - | -22 | -33 |
| 10 | - | -18 | -28 |
W represents that mixture is cooled to wax cloud point (being-38 ℃ for fuel B) does not have liquid separation; *=extrapolated value
Discovery is for each of fuel A and B, when by adding solvent " SHELLSOLAB " (from Shell) when increasing aromaticity content, phase separation temperature descended.The test result that proves this effect sees Table 5.
Table 5
| Phase separation temperature (℃) | ||||
| Ethyl levulinate (%V) | Fuel A (total aromatic hydrocarbons 22%m) | Fuel A adds SHELLSOL AB (total aromatic hydrocarbons 40%m) | Fuel B (total aromatic hydrocarbons 4%m) | Fuel B adds SHELLSOL AB (total aromatic hydrocarbons 20%m) |
| 2 | W | - | -26 | -41 |
| 3 | W | ＜-30 | -10 | -30* |
| 4 | -17 | ＜-30 | 3 | -22 |
| 5 | -10 | ＜-30 | 5 | -15* |
| 6 | -5* | ＜-30 | 10* | -8 |
W represents that mixture is cooled to wax cloud point (being-27 ℃ for fuel A) does not have liquid separation; *=extrapolated value
Claims (10)
1. fuel composition that contains gas oil basic fuel, levulinic acid alkyl ester and one or more annexing ingredients, this annexing ingredient comprises one or more aromatics compositions for every kind, and the amount that wherein said annexing ingredient exists is preferably the 1-50%m of described fuel composition.
2. the fuel composition of claim 1, wherein said levulinic acid alkyl ester is selected from levulinic acid C
2-8Alkyl ester, preferred ethyl levulinate, levulinic acid n-propyl, the positive butyl ester of levulinic acid, levulinic acid n-pentyl ester, the own ester of levulinic acid 2-and levulinic acid 2-ethylhexyl, more preferably ethyl levulinate, the positive butyl ester of levulinic acid or levulinic acid n-pentyl ester and most preferably ethyl levulinate.
3. claim 1 or 2 fuel composition, wherein said one or more annexing ingredients are selected from (i) aromaticity content and are higher than refinery's product stream of described basic fuel and (ii) ebullient aromatic solvent in the gas oil normal temperature range.
4. a reduction contains the method for phase separation temperature of the fuel composition of gas oil basic fuel and levulinic acid alkyl ester, this method comprises preferred by introduce one or more annexing ingredients in described fuel composition, this annexing ingredient comprises one or more aromatics compositions for every kind, thereby increases the content of aromatics composition in the described fuel composition.
5. the method for claim 4, wherein said levulinic acid alkyl ester is selected from levulinic acid C
2-8Alkyl ester, preferred ethyl levulinate, levulinic acid n-propyl, the positive butyl ester of levulinic acid, levulinic acid n-pentyl ester, the own ester of levulinic acid 2-and levulinic acid 2-ethylhexyl, more preferably ethyl levulinate, the positive butyl ester of levulinic acid or levulinic acid n-pentyl ester and most preferably ethyl levulinate.
6. claim 4 or 5 method, wherein said one or more annexing ingredients are selected from (i) aromaticity content and are higher than refinery's product stream of described basic fuel and (ii) ebullient aromatic solvent in the gas oil normal temperature range.
7. one or more annexing ingredients are used to reduce the purposes of the phase separation temperature of described fuel composition in the fuel composition that contains gas oil basic fuel and levulinic acid alkyl ester, and this annexing ingredient comprises one or more aromatics compositions for every kind.
8. operate compression ignition engine and/or provide the method for vehicle powered, this method to comprise in the combustion chamber of described engine, to introduce claim 1,2 or 3 fuel composition for one kind by this engine.
9. method that operation is furnished with the heating appliances of burner, this method comprise to this burner provides claim 1,2 or 3 fuel composition.
10. method for preparing fuel composition, this method comprises mixed gas oil basic fuel, levulinic acid alkyl ester and one or more annexing ingredients, this annexing ingredient comprises one or more aromatics compositions for every kind, and the amount that wherein said annexing ingredient exists is preferably the 1-50%m of described fuel composition
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP05016070 | 2005-07-25 | ||
| EP05016070.4 | 2005-07-25 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101233216A true CN101233216A (en) | 2008-07-30 |
Family
ID=35464110
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2006800273341A Pending CN101233216A (en) | 2005-07-25 | 2006-07-19 | Fuel compositions |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20070175090A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1907513A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2009503173A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101233216A (en) |
| AR (1) | AR055994A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2006274057A1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0613897A2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2616080A1 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO20080958L (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2007012585A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200800473B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111171884A (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-05-19 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | Valerate gasoline mixed fuel |
| CN111171883A (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-05-19 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | Valerate diesel oil mixed fuel |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| UA101344C2 (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2013-03-25 | Шелл Интернационале Рисерч Маатшаппидж Б.В. | Use of a viscosity increasing component in a diesel fuel |
| CN105062582A (en) * | 2008-03-26 | 2015-11-18 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | Automotive fuel compositions |
| CN101633855B (en) * | 2008-07-25 | 2013-04-03 | 湖南金悦世纪能源有限公司 | Highly cleaning, environmental-friendly and energy-saving gasoline |
| CA2759224A1 (en) * | 2009-06-05 | 2010-12-09 | Energy & Environmental Research Center Foundation | Multiproduct biorefinery for synthesis of fuel components and chemicals from lignocellulosics via levulinate condensations |
| JP2011140642A (en) * | 2009-12-10 | 2011-07-21 | Showa Shell Sekiyu Kk | Lubricating oil composition |
| EP2814912A2 (en) * | 2012-02-16 | 2014-12-24 | Karl A. Seck | Biorefinery for conversion of carbohydrates and lignocellulosics via primary hydrolysate cmf to liquid fuels |
| US9663739B2 (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2017-05-30 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Method for increasing the maximum operating speed of an internal combustion engine operated in a low temperature combustion mode |
| US10760019B2 (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2020-09-01 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Advanced combustion fuel compositions |
| WO2020109184A1 (en) | 2018-11-26 | 2020-06-04 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Fuel compositions |
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| DE3626102A1 (en) * | 1986-01-21 | 1988-02-11 | Polar Molecular Corp | FUEL ADDITIVE |
| US5490864A (en) * | 1991-08-02 | 1996-02-13 | Texaco Inc. | Anti-wear lubricity additive for low-sulfur content diesel fuels |
| DE4308053C2 (en) * | 1993-03-13 | 1997-05-15 | Veba Oel Ag | Liquid unleaded fuels |
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| US5888376A (en) * | 1996-08-23 | 1999-03-30 | Exxon Research And Engineering Co. | Conversion of fischer-tropsch light oil to jet fuel by countercurrent processing |
| JP3841368B2 (en) * | 1996-10-07 | 2006-11-01 | 花王株式会社 | Oil improver for low sulfur gas oil and low sulfur gas oil composition |
| US5766274A (en) * | 1997-02-07 | 1998-06-16 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Synthetic jet fuel and process for its production |
| US6204426B1 (en) * | 1999-12-29 | 2001-03-20 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Process for producing a highly paraffinic diesel fuel having a high iso-paraffin to normal paraffin mole ratio |
| JP2001192688A (en) * | 2000-01-12 | 2001-07-17 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | Additive for fuel oil and fuel oil composition |
| JP2002265961A (en) * | 2001-03-15 | 2002-09-18 | Shainin:Kk | Low-pollution light oil |
| GB0111679D0 (en) * | 2001-05-12 | 2001-07-04 | Aae Tech Int Ltd | Fuel composition |
| KR20040105819A (en) * | 2002-04-01 | 2004-12-16 | 이 아이 듀폰 디 네모아 앤드 캄파니 | Preparation of levulinic acid esters and formic acid esters from biomass and olefins |
| MY140297A (en) * | 2002-10-18 | 2009-12-31 | Shell Int Research | A fuel composition comprising a base fuel, a fischer-tropsch derived gas oil and an oxygenate |
| WO2005014759A1 (en) * | 2003-07-15 | 2005-02-17 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Gasoline compositions |
| CN1886488A (en) * | 2003-11-10 | 2006-12-27 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | Fuel compositions comprising a c4-c8 alkyl levulinate |
-
2006
- 2006-07-19 EP EP06792524A patent/EP1907513A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-07-19 AU AU2006274057A patent/AU2006274057A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-07-19 WO PCT/EP2006/064396 patent/WO2007012585A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-07-19 JP JP2008523321A patent/JP2009503173A/en active Pending
- 2006-07-19 CN CNA2006800273341A patent/CN101233216A/en active Pending
- 2006-07-19 CA CA002616080A patent/CA2616080A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-07-19 BR BRPI0613897A patent/BRPI0613897A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-07-21 AR ARP060103170A patent/AR055994A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-07-25 US US11/492,449 patent/US20070175090A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2008
- 2008-01-16 ZA ZA200800473A patent/ZA200800473B/en unknown
- 2008-02-22 NO NO20080958A patent/NO20080958L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111171884A (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-05-19 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | Valerate gasoline mixed fuel |
| CN111171883A (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-05-19 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | Valerate diesel oil mixed fuel |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1907513A1 (en) | 2008-04-09 |
| NO20080958L (en) | 2008-02-22 |
| AR055994A1 (en) | 2007-09-12 |
| US20070175090A1 (en) | 2007-08-02 |
| BRPI0613897A2 (en) | 2016-11-16 |
| ZA200800473B (en) | 2009-09-30 |
| CA2616080A1 (en) | 2007-02-01 |
| AU2006274057A1 (en) | 2007-02-01 |
| WO2007012585A1 (en) | 2007-02-01 |
| JP2009503173A (en) | 2009-01-29 |
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