CN101217490A - A Bluetooth wireless transducer network organizing and routing method - Google Patents
A Bluetooth wireless transducer network organizing and routing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101217490A CN101217490A CNA2008100451602A CN200810045160A CN101217490A CN 101217490 A CN101217490 A CN 101217490A CN A2008100451602 A CNA2008100451602 A CN A2008100451602A CN 200810045160 A CN200810045160 A CN 200810045160A CN 101217490 A CN101217490 A CN 101217490A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a network netting and a routing method of a Bluetooth wireless sensor, which combines sensor network technique and Bluetooth technique and makes full use of the matured physical layer, MAC technique and anti-interference capacity of Bluetooth network when the sensor nets network, so as to lead the system to conveniently and rapidly net the network. A designed Bluetooth scatter net takes the practical use of a wireless sensor network into consideration when netting and uses a tree topology. The netting consists of three stages: the selection of a root node, the forming of a root piconet and the expansion of the network. By adopting the netting method based on that the energy can be predetermined and the service time of the network can be prolonged, and under the requirement of emphasizing the longest service life of the network, each piconet of the formed wireless sensor network is left with vacant positions and backup nodes, so as to lead the formed network to have better reliability, flexibility and self-recoverability to satisfy the situations that partial nodes can be added on, moved and leaves the network, etc. The routing information is interacted when the system is net, and when the network netting is completed, the routing information tables of all the nodes are built simultaneously. When the network is operated, a low-power respiratory mode of the Bluetooth network and the transmitting and sensing information of the network periodicity are used for prolonging the life service of the whole network.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of networking and method for routing that is applied to wireless sensor network.Belong to radio communication and information dissemination technology field.
Background technology
Wireless sensor network is meant the information communication network of being made up of with the mode of radio communication a large amount of sensor nodes, and it combines sensor technology, embedded computing technique, modern network and wireless communication technology, distributed information processing etc.A large amount of cheap microsensor node deployments are in the monitored area, form a multihop self-organizing network system by the short-distance wireless communication mode, its objective is the information of perceptive object in cooperation perception, collection and the processing network's coverage area, and send to the observer.If Internet has constituted information world in logic, changed interpersonal communication way, so, wireless sensor network is exactly that the information world of logic and physical world are objectively merged, and changes human and natural interactive mode.People can pass through the direct perception of sensing network objective world, thereby greatly expand the function of existing network and the ability in the human knowledge world.This technology has a very wide range of applications in numerous occasions such as military affairs, industry, traffic, safety, medical treatment, family and working environments, is one of hot spot technology of research both at home and abroad at present and application.
Bluetooth technology is open, the short-distance wireless communication standard cheaply in a kind of whole world, it uses the 2.4GHz frequency range, adopt technology such as fast frequency-hopped, forward error correction and optimization coding, make it have the advantage that antijamming capability is strong, communication quality is stable, simultaneously it also has characteristics such as low-power consumption, low cost, easy to use and electromagnetic pollution be little.These advantages of Bluetooth technology are for its practical application in wireless sensor network provides advantage.
The networking and the route of wireless sensor network are mainly considered traditional network operation index at present, as: network connectivty, coverage, communication efficiency, saving energy etc., and do not consider the physical layer of actual wireless communication mode and the work characteristics of mac-layer protocol.The research of bluetooth AD HOC network is to consider problems such as connectedness, route robustness, network diameter, message complexity on the bluetooth group technical foundation, seldom considers the particular case of bluetooth AD HOC network application to sensor network.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to wireless sensor networking and route and seldom consider specific physical layer and mac-layer protocol characteristics, wireless sensor network is combined with Bluetooth technology, proposed a kind of Bluetooth wireless transducer network organizing and method for routing.Under host-guest architecture, the piconet internal segment of blueteeth network are counted special MAC layer technical conditions such as restricted, bluetooth bridge node technology, principal and subordinate's handoff technique, realize Bluetooth wireless transducer network organizing and route, guaranteed the stalwartness, simple and direct, effective, stable and reliable of network simultaneously.
The present invention is directed to energy wireless sensor network node as can be known, design has networking and the method for routing than fourdrinier wire network life span and higher flexibility, reliability.Node in the wireless sensor network generally adopts powered battery, and operable electric weight is very limited, and for the wireless sensor network that great deal of nodes is arranged, and is unusual difficulty to the replacing of battery.But the life span of wireless sensor network but requires to reach several months even several years, therefore, how under the prerequisite that does not influence function, save the energy content of battery of wireless sensor network as far as possible, the life span that prolongs whole network becomes the key problem in the wireless sensor network design of hardware and software.Wireless sensor network also should possess reliability and flexibility preferably simultaneously, under assurance network reliable premise, can satisfy part of nodes and move, and adds network, the demand that exits network.
The heat transfer agent data transfer direction of considering sensor network is to be transmitted toward data Rendezvous Point (sink) by the sensor terminal node, and the present invention adopts tree type multi-level topology, and by Rendezvous Point, promptly root node is initiated the establishment of network.The building process of whole network at first is choosing of root node, is that the network expansion is carried out at the center then with the root node, forms the root piconet earlier, stretches out with the root piconet then, forms second level piconet, and whole network progressively expands outwardly.When choosing root node and bridge node and piconet host node, determine according to the residue energy of node value.When forming piconet, make the member's (comprising host node) in the piconet be no more than 7, equal as far as possible and, make the progression of network hierarchy less, the autgmentability of piconet is provided simultaneously, satisfy the demand that part of nodes moved, added network near 7.Bridge node all adopt (from/from) bridge node, make network hierarchy progression the least possible.Provide 1 backup node host node and up (from terminal node to the Rendezvous Point direction) bridge node to back up in each piconet, lost efficacy or node replaces the work of origin node when leaving and networking again applicable to piconet host node, bridge node to this piconet.The network expansion in the time of exchange networking information, exchanges the routing iinformation of nodes at different levels, and route information table forms when network organizing is finished simultaneously.
(1) root node is chosen
The first step of network organizing is choosing of root node, and each node of the sensor network that the present invention is designed all has the dump energy indication, and the networking algorithm is based on node energy prerequisite as can be known.Because all data of sensor network all will pass to external network by root node, so the energy requirement to the root node of sensor network is higher, root node chosen two kinds of methods: a kind of is to design 1 high-performance, high-octane specific node to fix and serve as root node when network design, and network needn't be changed the consumption that root node comes the balancing network total energy in running; Second method is when the high-energy root node of appointment is not provided, and adopts distributed algorithm to select the higher node of energy in network and makes root node, and network need regularly carry out the energy consumption that the gravity treatment of root node comes the whole network of balance when operation.Each node all has variable ENERGY to represent the dump energy of node, and other establishes the time restriction that variable TIMEOUT represents the root node election.The election of root node is divided into energy information intercommunication and root information two stages of broadcasting.
1. energy information intercommunication stage: during root node election beginning, node enters inquiry (Inquiry) or inquiry scan (Inquiry scan) state at random, after two bluetooth sensor network nodes are found mutually, just carry out the intercommunication of ENERGY value, comprise the intercommunication of the ENERGY value of the high node of the known energy of this node, enter Inquiry or Inquiry scan state then again at random, proceed information exchange, then up to the TIMEOUT timing.
2. root information is broadcasted the stage: all think it oneself is that the maximum node of ENERGY value is taked the ENERGY value of the whole node broadcasts of inundation normal direction oneself and announced that oneself is root node after the intercommunication stage through energy information, when a plurality of nodes send broadcasting, the ENERGY value is bigger becomes root node, and all non-root nodes enter Inquiry scan state.
(2) the root piconet forms
After root node is selected second step is to form the root piconet, and the formation of root piconet is divided into root piconet member election, root piconet member numbering, three steps of root piconet routing iinformation record.
1. root piconet member election: root node has been collected the address information of its all adjacent nodes and the ENERGY value information of part of nodes in election process, connect, get the ENERGY value successively, disconnect the operation that connects for the node of also not knowing the ENERGY value information, then to institute around it can direct connected node the ENERGY value compare, select maximum 6, connect with these 6 nodes, form the root piconet.
2. root piconet member numbers: the ID numbering of root node self is labeled as 0, and 6 ID numberings from node of its connection are labeled as 1,2,3,4,5,6.This piconet is made of from node 1 host node, 6, and piconet leaves 1 room so that in network operation process, and the new node of part can conveniently add and networking again.
3. root piconet routing iinformation record: 6 of the host node records of root piconet are from descending (from Rendezvous Point to the terminal node direction) routing address of node, and 6 record the up routing address of root node from node the routing table of oneself.
(3) network expansion
After forming, the root piconet begins to carry out the network expansion, expansion pattern is for being carried out the network expansion by network-end node, this moment network-end node be the root piconet from node, be that the host node of secondary piconet carries out the network expansion from node earlier, form with each of root piconet from the network configuration of node by role transforming then as the bridge node that connects root piconet and secondary piconet with each of root piconet.The extension of network step is as follows:
1. the root piconet enter the Inquiry state from node as main equipment, if device responds inquiry is arranged, then be connected, up to being connected to 6 equipment with this equipment; If in setting-up time, there are not 6 device responds inquiries, then stop query manipulation and report request for information to root node.So far form 1 secondary piconet.
2. in the piconet that 1. step forms, elect the high node of the energy that can connect all other nodes in this piconet and time high node and mark except that host node.
3. after new piconet formed, the work that host node will be done: mark was from as host node/from node (M/S) bridge role; Preservation is from the BD_ADDR of node; The end of ID numbering at self adds 0, is 3 as ID, becomes 30 after adding 0; ID according to self numbers numbering from node distribution ID in this piconet, as when main equipment ID is 30, the ID of the high node of the energy that elects in this piconet is designated as 3, and energy time high node is labeled as 31, and other node is designated as 32,33,34,35 successively; Give from node and send a packet, packet should comprise host node ID numbering, role, number from node ID.
4. after new piconet forms, the work that will do from node: forbid inquiry scan and call out scanning, promptly do not respond new inquiry and calling; Mark is from as from the node role; The ID numbering that preserve host node BD_ADDR and ID numbering, role, self is assigned to; Packet of loopback is used for authentication after receiving packet.
5. after authentication finishes, host node is initiated master-slave equipment role's conversion, finish principal and subordinate's role transforming of the high node of host node and energy, after changing successfully, the high node of energy becomes host node, original host node has become from node, and this moment, it wanted mark from as from node/from node (S/S) bridge node role, and host node records the up routing iinformation of S/S bridge node and arrives other descending routing iinformation from node in routing table.Other writes down up routing iinformation from node the routing table of oneself, S/S bridge node notice root node is revised (perhaps registration) its Role Information, and the notice root node has been finished the work of this stage.
6. other network-end node also carries out extension of network according to step method 1.～5., and when the network expansion of all-network endpoint node was all finished, second level piconet formed.
7. network continues expansion: after second level piconet forms, network will continue expansion on the basis of second level piconet.If also have node not add network in the network, send network expansion order by root node, network-end node response expansion order.Expansion pattern is except that S/S bridge node and energy time high node, what other secondary piconet was interior carries out the network expansion from node as new host node, and energy time high node does not carry out the network expansion so that it can be used as the backup node of secondary piconet host node and up bridge node.When all secondary piconets all report that to root node this stage finishes or query timeout from node, root node is radio network expansion order once more.
8. root node command net expansion repeatedly till double network expansion is not all found new node, so far, can think that the networking process finishes.
Network brought into operation after networking was finished, and carried out the collection and the transmission work of heat transfer agent, during the bluetooth sensor network work, utilize blueteeth network intrinsic low-power consumption breathing pattern, the transmission sensing information of network cycle, the life span that prolongs whole network.
Networking of the present invention and method for routing have following advantage:
One, sensor network is combined with Bluetooth technology, make full use of the MAC layer technology and the networking technology of blueteeth network when sensor networking, system group network is convenient, fast; Take into full account its application background as sensor network when implementing the blueteeth network networking, the blueteeth network of composition is fit to finish the heat transfer agent acquisition tasks of wireless sensor network.
Two, take considering emphatically under the longest requirement of network lifetime, make that to form network of network progression less and have reliability and a flexibility preferably based on energy prerequisite and prolong the network-building method of network lifetime as can be known.
Three, leave the room in all piconets of composition wireless sensor network, do not adding part of nodes under the situation of networking again to adapt to; The backup node that 1 host node and up bridge node are arranged in each piconet can be adapted in the piconet part of nodes and lose efficacy, moves away situations such as this piconet.Network has reliability, flexibility and self-healing ability preferably.
Four, carry out the mutual of routing iinformation system group network the time, the route information table of its all nodes is set up in the lump when network organizing is finished, and formed routed path length is shorter.
Description of drawings:
Energy information intercommunication stage schematic diagram in the election of Fig. 1 root node
Root information broadcasting stage schematic diagram in the election of Fig. 2 root node
Fig. 3 root piconet is with reference to topology diagram
Fig. 4 secondary piconet is with reference to topology diagram
Three grades of piconet of Fig. 5 are with reference to topology diagram
Embodiment:
The present invention is further illustrated to be used for concrete application that heat transfer agent gathers below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and bluetooth sensor network.
The present invention combines sensor network technique with Bluetooth technology, in the networking of sensor network, make full use of physical layer and the MAC technology and the antijamming capability of bluetooth maturation, the concrete application of wireless sensor network is considered in the bluetooth scatternet networking of design, long as far as possible based on making the life span of whole network under the sensor network nodes energy situation as can be known, also satisfy simultaneously part of nodes adding, the situation requirement such as move, leave, but have reliability, flexibility and self-healing property preferably.Utilize sensor network heat transfer agent data to converge mobile characteristic, when forming network topology, set up the routing table of node to root node.
The networking of Bluetooth wireless transducer network has following characteristic:
● root node is the high-energy node of appointment or elects from the whole network according to energy height;
● the node number of each piconet is no more than 7, leaves 1 room so that new node adds flexibly;
● the node number of each piconet is approaching as far as possible or equal 7, makes network diameter less;
● a bridge node only connects two piconets;
● have only a bridge node to connect between two piconets;
● the type of bridge node is the S/S type, makes network that communication performance preferably be arranged;
● each piconet is communicated by letter with higher level's piconet by 1 up S/S bridge;
● each piconet is communicated by letter with the subordinate piconet by 4 descending S/S bridges at most;
● have at least 1 not serve as the pure of bridge in each piconet, to the host node and the up bridge node formation backup of this piconet from node.
Network organizing at first is to carry out the root node election, when carrying out the sensor network design, consider the particularity of sensor network root node, design a high-energy, high-performance node as far as possible and fix and serve as root node, re-elect the energy consumption of being brought with whole network reorganization net whole network to avoid periodic root node.In sensor network, do not design under the situation of special high-energy, high-performance node, adopt distributed algorithm in network, to select the highest node of energy and make root node, but need regularly carry out the energy consumption that the gravity treatment of root node comes the whole network of balance during the network operation.Each node all has variable ENERGY to represent that the dump energy of node, its value are that A/D by 8bit samples to voltage signal and obtains, and the scope of value is 0～255.The variable TIMEOUT of each node represents root node election time restriction, when the TIMEOUT timing then posterior nodal point to stop mutual energy information mutual, enter the root node information broadcast stage.
During root node election beginning, node enters Inquiry or Inquiry scan state at random, after two bluetooth nodes are found mutually, just carry out the intercommunication of ENERGY information, the ID and the ENERGY value thereof that comprise the highest energy node known to this node, enter Inquiry or Inquiryscan state then again at random, proceed information exchange, then up to the TIMEOUT timing.As shown in Figure 1, all nodes with other node switching information before, think it oneself is the high node of energy, it is the high node of interim energy, M (Max) parameter as node 3 is 3 (125), represents that the high node of energy known to this node is 3, and its energy value is 125.All nodes are adjacent node switching ENERGY information at random, after a period of time, 2,7 node switching information, 5,25 node switching information, 9,14 node switching information.After the information interaction, 2,7 nodes know that node 7 is the highest energy node, and its energy is 189; 5,25 nodes know that node 25 is the highest energy node, and its energy is 172; 9,14 nodes know that node 9 is the highest energy node, and its energy is 201.All nodes constantly carry out alternately the highest energy nodal information known to it, TIMEOUT is after the time for process, stop to carry out mutual, to there be one or more nodes to think oneself to be the high node of energy this moment, the TIMEOUT time value really normal root according to the size of network size, require no more than 5 of the high node quantity of the local energy that forms after the mutual stage through energy information, and the time is short as far as possible.After the TIMEOUT timing is arrived, form situation as shown in Figure 2, wherein node 7 and node 9 all think it oneself is the highest node of energy.
Interim highest energy node after the energy information intercommunication stage (as node 7 and node 9) is taked the ENERGY value of the whole node broadcasts of inundation normal direction oneself and is announced that oneself is root node, the node of network is when transmitting broadcast packet, energy size with institute's broadcast node in the bag of this less important forwarding of judgement, just transmit during only more than or equal to its node energy value of being transmitted before, to reduce the network broadcast information flow.Interim highest energy node will be received the broadcast packet that other interim highest energy node sends, when a plurality of nodes send broadcasting, the ENERGY value is bigger becomes root node, when the same node of ENERGY value, the BD_ADDR minimum become root node, all non-root nodes enter Inquiry scan state subsequently.
The designated root node or elect root node after, be host node with the root node, form the root piconet.Root node has been collected the whole address informations of its adjacent node and the ENERGY value information of part of nodes in election process, connect, get the operation of ENERGY value, disconnection connection successively for the adjacent node of unknown ENERGY value information.ENERGY value to its adjacent node compares then, selects maximum 6, with these 6 connect, form the root piconet.As shown in Figure 3, the ID of root node self numbering is labeled as 0, and 6 of its connection are labeled as 1,2,3,4,5,6 from the node ID numbering.Root node 0 writes down its descending address in its routing table be 1,2,3,4,5,6 (address during actual access is that the BD_ADDR of node is connected handle number with ACL), writes down row address 0 on it from node its routing table.The piconet that form this moment is made up of 7 nodes altogether, comprises that 1 host node and 6 are from node.Piconet is reserved a clear position so that in network operation process, and the part new node can conveniently add.
The 3rd step of Bluetooth wireless transducer network organizing is to be the center with the root piconet, carries out the network expansion.The expansion order of root node radio network, network-end node all can respond this order, the network-end node of this moment be 6 of root piconet from node, as the ID among Fig. 3 be: 1,2,3,4,5,6 node.All enter the Inquiry state from node,, then be connected, up to being connected to 6 equipment with this equipment if the device responds inquiry is arranged; If in setting-up time, there is not the device responds inquiry, then stops query manipulation and report request for information to root node.The secondary piconet that form this moment has only provided whole nodes of being produced by node 2 expansions here and the schematic diagram of the part of nodes that produced by node 3 expansions as shown in Figure 4, actual at network node number more for a long time, node 1～6 all can be expanded the piconet that makes new advances.
Node A among Fig. 4 (root piconet form after, ID is 2 node temporarily) oneself to be that host node has connected 6 equipment B, C, D, E, F, G, forms an interim secondary piconet after receiving network expansion order.Node A selects the highest node C and the energy time high node E of energy except that own in this piconet, oneself ID numbers 3 is passed to the high node C (the ID life that is C is 3) of energy, changed to for 30 (adding one 0 after former ID number) for the ID of A node number, ID life to energy time high node is 31, and other node is followed successively by 32,33,34,35.Node A passes to node C with all from the BD_ADDR address table of node and the record of energy time high node E.Forbid new inquiry scan at this moment and call out scanning from Node B, C, D, E, F, G; Mark is from as from the node role; The ID numbering that preserve host node BD_ADDR and ID numbering, role, self is assigned to; Packet of loopback is used for authentication after receiving packet.With node A is after the piconet of host node connects and ID number work such as distribution finish, node C is initiated main and subordinate node role's conversion command by node A, finish principal and subordinate's role transforming of the high node C of host node and energy, after changing successfully, the high node C of energy becomes host node, and original host node A has become from node.Node A mark is certainly as S/S bridge node role at this moment, and noting row address in the routing table of oneself is 2, and last row address is 0, the modification of the ID numbering of concurrent packet notice superior node (be root node this moment) oneself.
Newly-established is that row address was 20 on host node C write down in its routing table in the secondary piconet of host node with C, and descending address is 21,22,23,24,25, and respectively row address is 2 on node writes down the routing table of oneself.The node C information that this piconet is all is issued energy time high node E, and bridge node A also issues E with own information, by node E the data of node A and C is backed up, so that replace its work when A or C inefficacy.Other root piconet also carry out same activity of expansion from node, when expansion is finished, the notice root node, so far the secondary piconet forms.
After the secondary piconet forms, if also have node not add network in the network, then network is proceeded expansion, root node is radio network expansion order once more, this order is passed to network-end node (network-end node of this moment is the pure from node of secondary piconet) along all down links, except that the piconet backup node, the method that the all-network endpoint node adopts the secondary piconet to form is expanded, as shown in Figure 5, by the secondary piconet from node D, expanding with H is host node, and nodes such as D, I, J are three grades of piconets from node.Backup node is exclusively used in host node of this piconet and up bridge node is backed up, and can not carry out the network expansion.When all secondary piconets all report that to root node this stage finishes or query timeout from node, root node is radio network expansion order once more.So repeatedly, by root node command net expansion repeatedly, till double network expansion is not all found new node.So far, can think that the networking process finishes.Network brought into operation after networking was finished, and carried out the collection and the transmission work of heat transfer agent, during the bluetooth sensor network work, utilize blueteeth network intrinsic low-power consumption breathing pattern, the transmission sensing information of network cycle, the life span that has prolonged whole network.
Claims (8)
1. Bluetooth wireless transducer network organizing and method for routing, it is characterized in that: sensor network technique is combined with Bluetooth technology, in the networking of sensor network, make full use of physical layer and the MAC technology and the antijamming capability of bluetooth maturation, the concrete application of wireless sensor network is considered in the bluetooth scatternet networking of design, long as far as possible based on making the life span of whole network under the sensor network nodes energy situation as can be known, also satisfy simultaneously the adding of part of nodes, move, the situation requirement such as leave, has reliability preferably, but flexibility and self-healing property, utilize sensor network data to converge mobile characteristic, when forming network topology, set up the routing table of node to root node.
2. according to described Bluetooth wireless transducer network organizing of claim 1 and method for routing, it is characterized in that: sensor network is combined with Bluetooth technology, make full use of the MAC layer technology and the networking technology of blueteeth network when sensor networking, system group network is convenient, fast; Take into full account its application background as sensor network when implementing the blueteeth network networking, the blueteeth network of composition is fit to finish the heat transfer agent acquisition tasks of wireless sensor network.
3. according to described Bluetooth wireless transducer network organizing of claim 1 and method for routing, it is characterized in that: network uses tree topology, networking is divided into root node and chooses, the root piconet forms, network expansion several stages, take considering emphatically under the longest requirement of network lifetime, make that to form network of network progression less and have reliability and a flexibility preferably based on energy prerequisite and prolong the network-building method of network lifetime as can be known.
4. according to described Bluetooth wireless transducer network organizing of claim 1 and method for routing, it is characterized in that: the node number of forming each piconet of wireless sensor network is no more than 7, at least leave 1 room, to adapt in the situation that does not add part of nodes again under the situation of networking.
5. according to described Bluetooth wireless transducer network organizing of claim 1 and method for routing, it is characterized in that: the node number of each piconet is approaching as far as possible or equal 7, and the type of bridge node is the S/S type, makes network diameter less.
6. according to described Bluetooth wireless transducer network organizing of claim 1 and method for routing, it is characterized in that: have at least 1 not serve as the pure of bridge in each piconet from node, host node and up bridge node to this piconet form backup, when host node or the inefficacy of up bridge node, backup node replaces the work of failure node in network, and need not change the existing topological structure of network, can be adapted in the piconet part of nodes and lose efficacy, move away situations such as this piconet, network has reliability, flexibility and self-healing ability preferably.
7. according to described Bluetooth wireless transducer network organizing of claim 1 and method for routing, it is characterized in that: carry out the mutual of routing iinformation in the time of system group network, the route information table of its all nodes is set up in the lump when network organizing is finished, and formed routed path length is shorter.
8. according to described Bluetooth wireless transducer network organizing of claim 1 and method for routing, it is characterized in that: during the bluetooth sensor network work, utilize blueteeth network intrinsic low-power consumption breathing pattern, the transmission sensing information of network cycle, the life span that prolongs whole network.
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