CN112689275B - Novel non-uniform power forming method for BLE mesh network - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless Bluetooth, in particular to a novel non-uniform power forming method for a BLE mesh network. The novel non-uniform power forming method for the BLE mesh network comprises the following steps: predefining protocol standards; establishing a piconet according to the predefined protocol standard; and establishing a decentralized network according to the predefined protocol standard. The dispersion network established in the above way greatly reduces BLE energy consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless Bluetooth, in particular to a novel non-uniform power forming method for a BLE mesh network.
Background
With the development of communications, more and more people are beginning to use bluetooth headsets, with Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) being one of the most promising technologies in internet of things (IoT). Bluetooth mesh topology is one of the standard solutions for BLE multi-hop networks; discovering routes via reactive routing (reactive routing) results in higher end-to-end packet delays. In order to support multi-hop communication (multi-hop communication) between BLE mesh networks, a cluster-based on-demand routing protocol (CORP) is proposed to mitigate flooding (flooding) packets in routing path discovery, thereby realizing a lower energy consumption network than the conventional BLE mesh reactive routing scheme.
The lower the energy consumption is, the better, so how to further reduce the energy consumption in the BLE mesh network is always a problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
For this reason, it is required to provide a novel non-uniform power forming method for BLE mesh network to solve the problem that the energy consumption of BLE mesh network is not low enough. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a novel non-uniform power formation method for a BLE mesh network, comprising the steps of:
predefining protocol standards;
establishing a piconet according to the predefined protocol standard;
and establishing a decentralized network according to the predefined protocol standard.
Further, the predefined protocol criteria include one or more of the following: each slave node is connected with the master node through preset low power, each master node is connected with other master nodes through low power or normal power, each relay node is connected with three piconets at most, each relay plays a role of S/S or M/S, any two piconets are connected with two links through S/S or M/S at most, and each master node is connected with seven slave nodes at most.
Further, the "establishing a piconet according to the predefined protocol standard" specifically further includes the steps of:
each node finds adjacent nodes through preset low-power alternate scanning and broadcasting, if two adjacent nodes are found mutually, the node with the largest adjacent node number serves as a master node, the other node serves as a slave node, and when the two nodes have the same adjacent node number, the master node is determined according to a first preset rule;
each master node is connected with the associated slave node to form a piconet, the maximum number of connected S/S relay nodes is set to be two, and if more than two S/S relays are selected between any two piconets, redundant S/S relay nodes are deleted according to a second preset rule.
Further, the "establishing a decentralized network according to the predefined protocol standard" specifically further includes the steps of:
the master node uses normal power to discover adjacent master nodes by alternately switching between scanning and broadcasting, if two master nodes discover each other, the master node is determined according to a first preset rule, the other master node becomes an M/S relay node, and a dual link is generated between any two piconets.
Further, the method further comprises the steps of: and performing power consumption calculation on the decentralized network.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: by predefined protocol standards; establishing a piconet according to the predefined protocol standard; and establishing a decentralized network according to the predefined protocol standard. The dispersion network established in the above way greatly reduces BLE energy consumption.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a novel non-uniform power formation method for a BLE mesh network according to an embodiment;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a novel non-uniform power formation method for a BLE mesh network according to an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing packet power consumption comparison of two methods according to the embodiments;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of packet delay performance of two methods according to the embodiments.
Detailed Description
In order to describe the technical content, constructional features, achieved objects and effects of the technical solution in detail, the following description is made in connection with the specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, in the present embodiment, a novel non-uniform power forming method for a BLE mesh network is applied to a bluetooth network. The method is a scheme that a first network is connected with nonuniform power to form a decentralized network in the existing Bluetooth network.
The core technical ideas of the application are as follows: in a distributed manner, a decentralized network (scattenne) is built in two phases. In the first phase, the master node (master) and the slave node (slave) discover each other using low level power to form a piconet (piconet). In the second phase, each master node alternates using normal power scanning (scanning) or broadcasting (advertisement) to establish a dual link (dual link) between any two piconets until the entire scatternet is constructed. With a non-uniform power configuration, a more power efficient decentralized network may be established, as the datagram transmission power may be reduced in each piconet to minimize overall network power consumption. With more decentralized network links, more links can be utilized to reduce path length and enhance network system capacity. Simulation results show that compared with the existing cluster-based on-demand routing protocol (CORP) algorithm, the method of the application achieves higher energy efficiency in the aspect of datagram transmission. Also, a shorter path length may effectively reduce datagram delay, thereby improving overall performance of the BLE mesh network.
The method comprises the following steps:
step S101: predefined protocol standards. The predefined protocol criteria include one or more of the following: each slave node is connected with the master node through preset low power, each master node is connected with other master nodes through low power or normal power, each relay node is connected with three piconets at most, each relay plays a role of S/S or M/S, any two piconets are connected with two links through S/S or M/S at most, and each master node is connected with seven slave nodes at most. The method comprises the following steps:
1) Each slave node (slave) may be connected to the host by low level power: in order to save packet transmission power in each piconet, the slave node discovers the nearest master node (master), thereby forming a power-efficient piconet.
2) Each master node may be connected to other masters by low or normal power: each master node may connect with other master nodes using normal power to increase mesh links between piconets. At low power consumption, each master node may also be interconnected with other neighboring master nodes to save power consumption for decentralized network connections.
3) Each relay node connects at most three piconets: the links of the relay are increased and the connectivity of the scatternet can be used to transmit data packets. Each relay plays the role of a slave node/slave node (S/S) or a master node/slave node (M/S). However, a relay (relay) node has limited processing power, and the maximum three piconets may prevent overload of the relay due to communication from multiple piconets.
4) Any two piconets may be connected by at most two links selected by S/S or M/S relay nodes: to generate more decentralized network connections, S/S or M/S relay nodes may be used to interconnect between piconets. In order to increase connectivity of links and to allow for load balancing of the decentralized network, at most two links may be designed between any two piconets.
5) At most seven slave nodes can be connected to each master node: the criterion is intended to prevent overload of too many slave nodes in the piconet and to allow a similar number of connections in each piconet.
Step S102: and establishing a piconet according to the predefined protocol standard. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
each node finds adjacent nodes through preset low-power alternate scanning and broadcasting, if two adjacent nodes are found mutually, the node with the largest adjacent node number serves as a master node, the other node serves as a slave node, and when the two nodes have the same adjacent node number, the master node is determined according to a first preset rule;
each master node is connected with the associated slave node to form a piconet, the maximum number of connected S/S relay nodes is set to be two, and if more than two S/S relays are selected between any two piconets, redundant S/S relay nodes are deleted according to a second preset rule.
The method comprises the following steps: in the first phase, each node uses low power to discover its neighbors and each master node will form its associated piconet. Initially, each node can switch its role between scanning and broadcasting to discover its neighbors. Given low power (R1), if two neighboring nodes find each other, the node with the largest number of neighboring nodes will become the master and the other node will become the slave. When two nodes have the same number of neighboring nodes, the node with the lower number (ID) will become the master node (in other embodiments, the node with the higher number may also be the master node). Thus, each master node gathers its associated slave nodes, and the maximum number of slave nodes is seven (R5). Likewise, each slave node gathers its neighboring master nodes, the maximum number of master nodes being three (R3). After determining the nodes, each master node connects with its associated slave node to form a piconet, and the maximum number of connected S/S relay nodes is set to two (R4). If more than two S/S relays are selected between any two piconets, the S/S relay node with the larger ID will be eliminated (in other embodiments, the S/S relay node with the smaller ID may also be eliminated). This process is repeated until all piconet connections are formed.
Step S103: and establishing a decentralized network according to the predefined protocol standard. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
each node finds adjacent nodes through preset low-power alternate scanning and broadcasting, if two adjacent nodes are found mutually, the node with the largest adjacent node number serves as a master node, the other node serves as a slave node, and when the two nodes have the same adjacent node number, the master node is determined according to a first preset rule;
each master node is connected with the associated slave node to form a piconet, the maximum number of connected S/S relay nodes is set to be two, and if more than two S/S relays are selected between any two piconets, redundant S/S relay nodes are deleted according to a second preset rule.
The method comprises the following steps: in the second phase, the master node may connect with other decentralized network links to shorten the path length and increase the network capacity. If the number of slaves in the piconet is less than 7 (R5), the master will discover neighboring masters using normal power (R2) by alternating between scanning and broadcasting. If two master nodes find each other, the node with the lower ID will become the master node and the other will become the M/S relay node. In this way, the master node may increase connectivity of the scatternet and create a dual link between any two piconets (as in R4). This process is repeated until the entire grid dispersion network is completed.
In fig. 2 (a), each node first uses low power consumption alternate scanning and broadcasting to find its neighbors and generates six master nodes with highest neighbors. To obtain single-hop piconet information, each master node is then connected with its associated slave node, which is indicated by the dashed arrow in fig. 2 (b). In fig. 2 (c), six S/S relay nodes are determined, and the piconet formation stage is completed. In the second phase, each master node discovers the other master nodes as M/S relay nodes and implements a dual-link connection between piconets. Finally, in fig. 2 (d), four new link connections (represented by bold black lines) are again created and a non-uniform power grid topology is constructed.
Further, the method further comprises the steps of: and performing power consumption calculation on the decentralized network. The method comprises the following steps:
the optimal number of clusters is a key parameter affecting the network performance in a wireless sensor network. In a distributed formation algorithm, using local topology information to formulate a minimum number of piconets is an NP-hard problem. Thus, instead, the average number of piconets is derived under all constraints R1-R5 to obtain the optimal number of piconets. As a result, the preferred number of piconets P satisfying R1-R5 is given by equation (1), where N is the number of nodes, m is the number of nodes in the piconet in the range of 2 to 8, P m Probability of m, p i Is the probability of M/S or S/S relay. In each piconet, the relays will be counted at two piconets, and the number of relays may vary from 1 to m-1.
In order to evaluate the average power consumption of packet transmission, E is defined in equation (2) c . Taking into account both the average power consumption of each node and the average path length of the packet transmissions in the network, where P is from equation (1), P l (k) Is a low power consumption level, P n (k) Is the normal power level required to generate a non-uniform mesh topology, k represents various packet sizes for the connection or packet transmission phase. After construction of the dispersion network, P l Can be used to transmit data packets in each piconet, P n May be used for other enhanced links between hosts, and h l The average path length of the different nodes N of the respective network may be represented. In addition, α is the ratio of the number of master nodes with normal power to the number of all micro networks P.
The benefit of a non-uniform power configuration from a power efficiency point of view is that the transmission power can be set at an economically efficient level, thereby achieving energy efficiency and reducing interference to neighboring nodes.
The number of BLE nodes in this application is 50 to 100, depending on the energy consumption model in the CORP. All nodes are randomly placed in a specific area, the radio range is one hop away, and each routing packet is 1000 bits in size. In each routing transmission, the source node and the destination node are randomly selected, and the micro-network and decentralized network scheduling each employ a time division multiplexing (Time Division Duplex) scheme and forward packets using a non-uniform power configuration.
To evaluate the energy consumption of the packet routing, the average power consumption and the average routing path length of each node are taken into account in equation (2). Fig. 3 shows the power consumption (Packet power consumption) of the packet routing, and the method of the present application consumes about 60% of the power consumed by the CORP. By having a dual link between the non-uniform power connection and the piconet in the method of the present application, energy efficiency and lower path length advantages may be achieved through a non-uniform power mesh network. The NUPFA protocol in fig. 3 corresponds to the method of the present application.
To evaluate routing performance, an average packet delay index is used to measure end-to-end delay (end-to-end latency) of a scatternet. Fig. 4 shows, using a 100 node example, the average packet delay performance of the various packet generation rates of the method and CORP of the present application. The method of the present application yields better link connection performance in the spread link than the CORP and thus less average delay. Therefore, the method design can reduce the average path length between nodes to improve the data packet delay performance.
It should be noted that, although the foregoing embodiments have been described herein, the scope of the present invention is not limited thereby. Therefore, based on the innovative concepts of the present invention, alterations and modifications to the embodiments described herein, or equivalent structures or equivalent flow transformations made by the present description and drawings, apply the above technical solution, directly or indirectly, to other relevant technical fields, all of which are included in the scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A novel non-uniform power formation method for a BLE mesh network, comprising the steps of:
predefining protocol standards;
establishing a piconet according to the predefined protocol standard;
establishing a decentralized network according to the predefined protocol standard; the predefined protocol criteria include: each slave node is connected with the master node through preset low power, each master node is connected with other master nodes through low power or normal power, each relay node is connected with three piconets at most, each relay plays a role of S/S or M/S, any two piconets are connected with two links through S/S or M/S at most, and each master node is connected with seven slave nodes at most;
the method for establishing the piconet according to the predefined protocol standard specifically further comprises the steps of:
each node finds adjacent nodes through preset low-power alternate scanning and broadcasting, if two adjacent nodes are found mutually, the node with the largest adjacent node number serves as a master node, the other node serves as a slave node, and when the two nodes have the same adjacent node number, the master node is determined according to a first preset rule; each master node is connected with the associated slave node to form a piconet, the maximum number of connected S/S relay nodes is set to be two, and if more than two S/S relays are selected between any two piconets, redundant S/S relay nodes are deleted according to a second preset rule;
the method for establishing the decentralized network according to the predefined protocol standard specifically further comprises the steps of:
the master node discovers adjacent master nodes by alternately switching between scanning and broadcasting by using normal power, if the two master nodes discover each other, the master node is determined according to a first preset rule, the other master node becomes an M/S relay node, and a double link is generated between any two piconets;
the first preset rule includes: the node with the lower number becomes the master node, or the node with the higher number becomes the master node;
the second preset rule includes: the S/S relay node with larger ID is eliminated, or the S/S relay node with smaller ID is eliminated;
the method also comprises the steps of:
performing power consumption calculation on the decentralized network;
the power consumption calculation for the decentralized network comprises the following steps:
calculating a preferred number of piconets P:
where N is the number of nodes, m is the number of nodes in the range of 2 to 8 in the piconet, p m Probability of m, p i Probability of being an M/S or S/S relay;
in order to evaluate the average power consumption of packet transmission, E is defined c ：
P l (k) Is a low power consumption level, P n (k) Is the normal power level required to generate a non-uniform mesh topology, k represents various packet sizes at the connection or packet transmission stage; after construction of the dispersion network, P l Can be used to transmit data packets in each piconet, P n May be used for other enhanced links between hosts, and h l The average path length of the different nodes N of the respective network may be represented.
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