CN112689275A - Novel non-uniform power forming method for BLE mesh network - Google Patents
Novel non-uniform power forming method for BLE mesh network Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless Bluetooth, in particular to a novel non-uniform power forming method for a BLE mesh network. The novel non-uniform power forming method for the BLE mesh network comprises the following steps: pre-defining a protocol standard; establishing a piconet according to the predefined protocol standard; and establishing a decentralized network according to the predefined protocol standard. The BLE energy consumption is greatly reduced through the dispersion network established in the mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless Bluetooth, in particular to a novel non-uniform power forming method for a BLE mesh network.
Background
As communications evolve, more and more people start using bluetooth headsets, with Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) being one of the most promising technologies in the internet of things (IoT). The bluetooth mesh topology is one of the standard solutions for BLE multi-hop networks; finding routes by reactive routing results in higher end-to-end packet delay. In order to support multi-hop communication (multi-hop communication) between BLE mesh networks, a cluster (cluster) -based on-demand routing protocol (CORP) is proposed to reduce flooding (flooding) packets in routing path discovery, thereby implementing a network with lower energy consumption than the conventional BLE mesh reactive routing scheme.
The lower the energy consumption is, the better the energy consumption is, so how to further reduce the energy consumption in the BLE mesh network is an urgent problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, a novel non-uniform power forming method for a BLE mesh network is needed to solve the problem that the energy consumption of the BLE mesh network is not low enough. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a novel non-uniform power formation method for BLE mesh networks, comprising the steps of:
pre-defining a protocol standard;
establishing a piconet according to the predefined protocol standard;
and establishing a decentralized network according to the predefined protocol standard.
Further, the predefined protocol criteria include one or more of: each slave node is connected with the master node through preset low power, each master node is connected with other master nodes through low power or normal power, each relay node is connected with three piconets at most, each relay plays the role of S/S or M/S, any two piconets select two links at most through S/S or M/S to be connected, and each master node is connected with seven slave nodes at most.
Further, the "establishing a piconet according to the predefined protocol standard" specifically includes the steps of:
each node discovers adjacent nodes through preset low-power alternative scanning and broadcasting, if two adjacent nodes are found, the node with the largest quantity of adjacent nodes is used as a main node, the other node is used as a slave node, and when the two nodes have the same quantity of adjacent nodes, the main node is determined according to a first preset rule;
each master node and its associated slave node are connected to form a piconet, the maximum number of connected S/S relay nodes is set to two, and if more than two S/S relays are selected between any two piconets, redundant S/S relay nodes are deleted according to a second preset rule.
Further, the "establishing a scatternet according to the predefined protocol standard" specifically includes the steps of:
the master node uses normal power to discover adjacent master nodes by alternately switching between scanning and broadcasting, and if two master nodes discover each other, the master node is determined according to a first preset rule, the other master node becomes an M/S relay node, and a double link is generated between any two piconets.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps: and calculating the power consumption of the dispersion network.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: passing a predefined protocol standard; establishing a piconet according to the predefined protocol standard; and establishing a decentralized network according to the predefined protocol standard. The BLE energy consumption is greatly reduced through the dispersion network established in the mode.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a flow chart of a novel non-uniform power formation method for BLE mesh networks according to an embodiment;
figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a novel non-uniform power formation method for a BLE mesh network according to an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a comparison of packet power consumption for two methods according to embodiments;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating packet delay performance of two methods according to embodiments.
Detailed Description
To explain technical contents, structural features, and objects and effects of the technical solutions in detail, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, in the present embodiment, a novel non-uniform power forming method for a BLE mesh network is applied in a bluetooth network. The method is a scheme for forming a decentralized network by connecting with non-uniform power in the prior Bluetooth network.
The core technical idea of the application is as follows: in a distributed manner, a scatter net (scatter net) is constructed in two phases. In the first phase, a master node (master) and a slave node (slave) discover each other using low-level power to form a piconet (piconet). In the second phase, each master node alternates between normal power scanning or broadcasting to establish dual links between any two piconets until the entire scatternet is constructed. With a non-uniform power configuration, a more power efficient scatternet can be established, since the datagram transmission power can be reduced in each piconet to minimize the overall network power consumption. With more decentralized network connections, more links can be utilized to reduce path length and enhance network system capacity. Simulation results show that compared with the existing cluster-based on-demand routing protocol (CORP) algorithm, the method achieves higher energy efficiency in the aspect of data report transmission. Also, a shorter path length may effectively reduce datagram delay, thereby improving the overall performance of the BLE mesh network.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
step S101: the protocol standard is predefined. The predefined protocol standards include one or more of the following: each slave node is connected with the master node through preset low power, each master node is connected with other master nodes through low power or normal power, each relay node is connected with three piconets at most, each relay plays the role of S/S or M/S, any two piconets select two links at most through S/S or M/S to be connected, and each master node is connected with seven slave nodes at most. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) each slave node (slave) may be connected to the host with a low level of power: to conserve packet transmission power in each piconet, the slave node discovers the nearest master node (master), thereby forming an energy-efficient piconet.
2) Each master node may be connected to other master devices through low or normal power: each master node may use normal power to connect with other master nodes to increase the mesh links between piconets. With low power consumption, each master node may also be interconnected with other neighboring master nodes to save power consumption for decentralized network connections.
3) Each relay node connects up to three piconets: the links of the relays are increased and the connectivity of the distribution network can be used for transmitting the data packets. Each relay acts as a slave/slave (S/S) or master/slave (M/S). However, a relay (relay) node has limited processing power and a maximum of three piconets may prevent the relay from being overloaded with communications from multiple piconets.
4) Any two piconets may select at most two link connections through the S/S or M/S relay node: to generate more scatternet connections, S/S or M/S relay nodes may be used to interconnect the piconets. In order to increase the connectivity of the links and to allow for load balancing of the decentralized network, a maximum of two links may be designed between any two piconets.
5) Each master node can be connected with seven slave nodes at most: the criterion is intended to prevent overload of too many slaves in a piconet and to allow a similar number of connections in each piconet.
Step S102: the piconet is established according to the predefined protocol standard. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
each node discovers adjacent nodes through preset low-power alternative scanning and broadcasting, if two adjacent nodes are found, the node with the largest quantity of adjacent nodes is used as a main node, the other node is used as a slave node, and when the two nodes have the same quantity of adjacent nodes, the main node is determined according to a first preset rule;
each master node and its associated slave node are connected to form a piconet, the maximum number of connected S/S relay nodes is set to two, and if more than two S/S relays are selected between any two piconets, redundant S/S relay nodes are deleted according to a second preset rule.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: in the first phase, each node uses low power to discover its neighbors, and each master node will form its associated piconet. Initially, each node may switch its role between scanning and broadcasting to discover its neighbors. Given the low power (R1), if two neighboring nodes find each other, the node with the largest number of neighboring nodes will become the master node and the other node will become the slave node. When two nodes have the same number of neighboring nodes, the node with the lower number (ID) will become the master node (in other embodiments, the node with the higher number may also become the master node). Thus, each master node collects its associated slave nodes, and the maximum number of slave nodes is seven (R5). Likewise, each slave node collects its neighboring master nodes, the maximum number of master nodes being three (R3). After the nodes are determined, each master node connects with its associated slave node to form a piconet, and the maximum number of connected S/S relay nodes is set to two (R4). If more than two S/S relays are selected between any two piconets, the S/S relay node with the larger ID will be eliminated (in other embodiments, the S/S relay node with the smaller ID may also be eliminated). This process is repeated until all piconet connections are formed.
Step S103: and establishing a decentralized network according to the predefined protocol standard. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
each node discovers adjacent nodes through preset low-power alternative scanning and broadcasting, if two adjacent nodes are found, the node with the largest quantity of adjacent nodes is used as a main node, the other node is used as a slave node, and when the two nodes have the same quantity of adjacent nodes, the main node is determined according to a first preset rule;
each master node and its associated slave node are connected to form a piconet, the maximum number of connected S/S relay nodes is set to two, and if more than two S/S relays are selected between any two piconets, redundant S/S relay nodes are deleted according to a second preset rule.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: in the second phase, the master node may connect with other scatternet links to reduce the path length and increase the network capacity. If the number of slaves in the piconet is less than 7(R5), the master will use normal power (R2) to discover the neighboring master by alternating between scanning and broadcasting. If two master nodes discover each other, the node with the lower ID will become the master node and the other master node will become the M/S relay node. In this manner, the master node may increase the connectivity of the scatternet and create a dual link between any two piconets (as in R4). This process is repeated until the entire mesh scatternet is completed.
As fig. 2 is an operational schematic diagram of the method, in fig. 2(a), each node first scans and broadcasts alternately using low power consumption to discover its neighbors and generate six master nodes with the highest neighbors. To obtain the single-hop piconet information, each master node then connects with its associated slave node, which is indicated by the dashed arrow in fig. 2 (b). In fig. 2(c), six S/S relay nodes are determined and the piconet forming phase is completed. In the second phase, each master node discovers the other master nodes as M/S relay nodes and implements a dual link connection between piconets. Finally, in fig. 2(d), four new link connections are again generated (indicated by bold black lines) and a non-uniform power grid topology is constructed.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps: and calculating the power consumption of the dispersion network. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
the optimal number of clusters is a key parameter affecting network performance in a wireless sensor network. In the distributed formation algorithm, it is an NP challenge to use local topology information to formulate a minimum number of piconets. Therefore, instead, an average number of piconets is derived under all constraints R1-R5 to obtain the optimal number of piconets. As a result, the preferred number of piconets P satisfying R1-R5 is given by equation (1), where N is the number of nodes, m is the number of nodes in the piconet ranging from 2 to 8, PmIs the probability of m, piIs the probability of an M/S or S/S relay. In each piconet, the relays will be counted at both piconets and the number of relays may vary from 1 to m-1.
To evaluate the average power consumption of packet transmission, E is defined in equation (2)c. Considering both the average power consumption of each node and the average path length for packet transmission in the network, where P is from equation (1), Pl(k) Is a low power consumption level, Pn(k) Is the normal power level required to generate the non-uniform mesh topology, and k represents the various packet sizes of the connection or packet transmission phase. After construction of the dispersion net, PlCan be used for transmitting data packets, P, in each piconetnCan be used for other enhanced links between hosts, and hlMay represent the average path length of the different nodes N of the respective network. In addition, α is the ratio of the number of master nodes with normal power to the number P of all piconets.
From a power efficiency perspective, a non-uniform power configuration has the benefit that the transmission power can be set at a cost-effective level, thereby achieving energy efficiency and reducing interference to neighboring nodes.
According to the energy consumption model in the CORP, the number of BLE nodes in the present application is 50 to 100. All nodes are randomly placed in a specific area, the radio range is one hop distance, and each routing packet size is 1000 bits. In each routing transmission, a source node and a destination node are randomly selected, a Time Division multiplexing (Time Division Duplex) scheme is adopted for micro-grid and decentralized grid scheduling, and a non-uniform power configuration is used for forwarding data packets.
To evaluate the energy consumption of packet routing, the average power consumption and the average routing path length of each node are considered in equation (2). Fig. 3 shows Packet power consumption (Packet power consumption) of Packet routing, and the power consumption of the method of the present application is about 60% of the power consumption of the CORP. With the uneven power connections and the double links between piconets in the method of the present application, energy efficiency and lower path length advantages may be achieved through an uneven power mesh network. The NUPFA protocol in fig. 3 corresponds to the method of the present application.
To evaluate the routing performance, an average packet delay index is used to measure the end-to-end delay (end-to-end latency) of the scatternet. Fig. 4 shows the average packet delay performance of various packet generation rates of the method of the present application and of CORP using a 100-node example. The method of the present application results in a more distributed link connection performance than CORP and therefore a smaller average delay. Therefore, the method design can reduce the average path length between the nodes so as to improve the data packet delay performance.
It should be noted that, although the above embodiments have been described herein, the invention is not limited thereto. Therefore, based on the innovative concepts of the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention can be directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields by making changes and modifications to the embodiments described herein, or by using equivalent structures or equivalent processes performed in the content of the present specification and the attached drawings, which are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A novel non-uniform power forming method for a BLE mesh network, comprising the steps of:
pre-defining a protocol standard;
establishing a piconet according to the predefined protocol standard;
and establishing a decentralized network according to the predefined protocol standard.
2. The novel non-uniform power formation method for a BLE mesh network of claim 1, wherein the predefined protocol criteria comprise one or more of: each slave node is connected with the master node through preset low power, each master node is connected with other master nodes through low power or normal power, each relay node is connected with three piconets at most, each relay plays the role of S/S or M/S, any two piconets select two links at most through S/S or M/S to be connected, and each master node is connected with seven slave nodes at most.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the "establishing a piconet according to the predefined protocol standard" specifically comprises the following steps:
each node discovers adjacent nodes through preset low-power alternative scanning and broadcasting, if two adjacent nodes are found, the node with the largest quantity of adjacent nodes is used as a main node, the other node is used as a slave node, and when the two nodes have the same quantity of adjacent nodes, the main node is determined according to a first preset rule;
each master node and its associated slave node are connected to form a piconet, the maximum number of connected S/S relay nodes is set to two, and if more than two S/S relays are selected between any two piconets, redundant S/S relay nodes are deleted according to a second preset rule.
4. The novel non-uniform power formation method for a BLE mesh network according to claim 3, wherein the "establishing a scatternet according to the predefined protocol standard" specifically includes the following steps:
the master node alternately switches between scanning and broadcasting by using normal power to discover adjacent master nodes, and if two master nodes discover each other, the master node is determined according to a first preset rule, the other master node becomes an M/S relay node, and a double link is generated between any two piconets.
5. The novel non-uniform power formation method for a BLE mesh network of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
and calculating the power consumption of the dispersion network.
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| TWI799911B (en) | 2023-04-21 |
| TW202226792A (en) | 2022-07-01 |
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