CN102238683A - Routing information acquisition and transmission method for wireless mesh network - Google Patents
Routing information acquisition and transmission method for wireless mesh network Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a routing information acquisition and transmission method for a wireless mesh network. In the method, the realization process of information interaction required by maintaining link connectivity among adjacent nodes in a wireless Mesh network media access layer and the realization process of inter-node routing information interaction in a network layer are combined together by using a cross-layer design, thereby reducing total overhead in bandwidth resources and operation time in the information interaction processes and increasing the utilization rate of network resources by improving the routing information acquisition and transmission efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Wireless mesh technology field, be specifically related to that routing iinformation obtains and pass through mechanism/method in the wireless network.
Background technology
In recent years, the development of wireless network access service is swift and violent, wireless Mesh netword is as a kind of emerging network configuration, just be subjected to paying close attention to widely and attention highly, wireless mobile Mesh network (WMMN) is wherein complicated a kind of application scenarios, because of it has irreplaceable effect under particular surroundings, caused the concern of academia and engineering circle in the industry rapidly, become a present hot spot technology, based on the MAC(media access layer of WMMN) agreement research and Routing Protocol research just the becoming focus that scholars study.Wireless mobile Mesh network generally be applied to emergency communication, military police use etc. wired system that is difficult to carry out and covers, the target that therefore can satisfy the Routing Protocol of its requirement be fast, accurately, efficient, extensibility is good, have broad application prospects.
WMMN can be the novel multi-hop broadband wireless network that adopts hierarchy, it is mixed the advantage of conventional network structure, Ad Hoc network, wireless Mesh netword (WMN) well, and technology such as concentrated controling management, distributed control and free dynamic group net are organically combined.Node among the WMMN has equity, can interconnect between the adjacent node, and each node all has route forwarding function.
Current, the WMMN network technology still faces a lot of technological challenges.Wherein, channel estimation and equalization, the MIMO under the intelligent antenna technology of physical layer, complex environment and the high-speed mobile situation; The Channel Sharing mechanism that the MAC layer is optimized; The route layer pathfinding mechanism of network layer etc. all is that Chinese scholars is paid close attention to many aspects.Aspect route technology, in view of the WMMN network is that development is and next on the basis of traditional Ad Hoc network, it has inherited the intrinsic feature of a lot of Ad Hoc networks.In recent years, at the characteristics of wireless self-networking, industry has proposed the dynamic source routing protocol as DSR(in succession), AODV(Ad Hoc distance vector routing protocol as required), ZRP(zone Routing Protocol), DSDV(aim sequence distance vector routing protocol), OLSR(optimizes link-state routing protocol), TORA(routing algorithm according to the order of sequence temporarily) etc. tens of kinds of Routing Protocols.These Routing Protocols are directly the route algorithm to be optimized a bit, in network layer, optimize and reduce the routing iinformation expense by some, improve router efficiency, these algorithms all are single this one decks of consideration network layer, do not consider the situation of MAC layer (MAC sublayer) and physical layer, also have very big room for promotion on the performance.Therefore, keep the fundamental mechanism of Routing Protocol constant, both considered the specific requirement of upper-layer user's business, layer method for designing of striding in conjunction with the actual conditions of the MAC of lower floor layer and physical layer is suggested again.
In traditional hierarchical network framework, operation is independently between the different layers, the MAC layer usually need with the adjacent node interactive information in the double bounce, to confirm existing of link; And the Routing Protocol of network layer also needs the information to adjacent node issue HELLO, to make up syntople; These two kinds of operation rooms have redundancy, and efficient is reduced; And the basic thought of striding layer design is: in the design of agreement, break the restriction of strict hierarchy to the interlayer information interaction, allow the agreement shared network information of different layers, transmit the information between each agreement.Stride layer design and can bring optimization for the overall performance of network.
Above-named routing algorithm and corresponding Routing Protocol, some is to have made optimization on route is calculated, and improves computational efficiency; Some is that optimization has been done in the transmission of route information, saves bandwidth.Yet these routing algorithms substantially all are to be optimized on network layer, seldom consider the situation of cooperating with the MAC layer in information exchanging process.
In existing MAC agreement, the MAC layer can be by the dynamically topological variation in sensing neighbor node and the double bounce territory of relevant MAC information, and the relevant parameter of link.The MAC layer passes through the connectedness of this layer relevant information maintenance of neighbor node, detection and neighbor node and two Link States of jumping in the territories.For example each MESH frame comprises control subframe and data burst among the IEEE 802.16d Mesh, and the control subframe is divided into network control subframe and scheduling controlling subframe again.The network control subframe is mainly used to maintaining network neighbours' connectedness.Safeguard between the adjacent node that from top analysis visible network layer the MAC message that connective routing iinformation and MAC layer safeguard the adjacent node connectivity of link is closely related, therefore the MAC layer can be safeguarded that the information connective between the adjacent node and the routing iinformation of network layer maintenance of neighbor node connectedness combine, reduce the expense of transmission.
In the existing in addition MAC agreement, node M AC layer is by connectedness and Link State between the relevant MAC maintenance of information neighbor node.The frequent degree of mutual this layer information of other nodes is than the height of network layer transparent interaction information in node M AC layer and the network.And existing routing protocol all is that each node transmits routing iinformation pellucidly in network layer in the network, do not use the information of low layer, directly routing iinformation is transferred to the MAC layer, by the MAC layer it being packaged into Frame sends, a routing iinformation can be packaged into one or more Frames, a plurality of routing iinformations just are packaged into a plurality of Frames respectively, and so processing mode can not considered the coupling between layer and the layer, considers that directly the characteristic of network layer gets final product.But the efficient of this routing iinformation transmission mechanism of network layer is not high.Therefore the reciprocal process of routing iinformation between the information interactive process of MAC layer between adjacent node and network layer can be combined, the network layer routing iinformation is passed to the MAC layer, encapsulate framing with MAC layer interactive information, send to other nodes again, reduce unnecessary frame head and data packet head expense, save bandwidth, raise the efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the prior art above shortcomings, provide a kind of routing iinformation of wireless mesh network to obtain and transmission method.The present invention utilizes MAC layer interactive information to obtain routing iinformation connective between the maintenance of neighbor node, and concrete technical scheme is as follows.
A kind of routing iinformation of wireless mesh network obtains and transmission method, the reciprocal process of routing iinformation between the information interactive process of MAC layer between adjacent node and network layer is combined, layer design striden in utilization, removes the operation that duplicate message obtains, and specifically may further comprise the steps:
A: node M AC layer periodically or aperiodic and on every side neighbor node MAC layer to carry out the link communication information mutual, obtain MAC-neighbours' communication information;
B: node M AC layer periodicity or aperiodic, the MAC-neighbours' communication information with gained among the step a was delivered to the meshed network layer;
C: MAC-neighbours' communication information that the MAC layer transmits up among the meshed network layer receiving step b, therefrom obtain a hop neighbor and two hop node routing iinformations, as the topology information of a hop neighbor node and two hop nodes in the routing algorithm;
D: the meshed network layer periodically or aperiodic by with network in other nodes alternately about the topology information of multi-hop node, obtain multi-hop node topology information.
The routing iinformation of above-mentioned a kind of wireless mesh network obtain with transmission method in, described step b is specially: carry out the information transmission between described node M AC layer and the network layer, node M AC layer passes to network layer with MAC-neighbours' communication information.
The routing iinformation of above-mentioned a kind of wireless mesh network obtain with transmission method in, node M AC layer passes to the meshed network layer by striding layer interface with MAC-neighbours' communication information among the step b, uses for network layer.
The routing iinformation of above-mentioned a kind of wireless mesh network obtain with transmission method in, described step c is specially: the meshed network layer not with network in the neighbor node routing iinformation of regulation in mutual this layer of other meshed network layers, the meshed network layer is by striding layer interface, directly obtain MAC-neighbours' communication information that the MAC layer transmits, it is treated to the routing iinformation of a hop neighbor node and two hop nodes in this layer, and calculating for route provides foundation.
The routing iinformation of above-mentioned a kind of wireless mesh network obtain with transmission method in, described steps d is specially: the meshed network layer periodically or aperiodic by other nodes in one of following two kinds of transfer modes and the network alternately about the topology information of multi-hop node:
D1: conventional transfer mode, the routing iinformation of the directly mutual multi-hop node of other meshed network layers in meshed network layer and the network, bottom is transparent for network layer;
D2: stride a layer transfer mode, subframe is promptly controlled in the control information that node M AC layer is relevant with regularly mutual this layer of other node M AC layer need in the network: the meshed network layer is delivered to the MAC layer with the routing iinformation of multi-hop node by striding layer interface, the MAC layer is encapsulated as the control subframe together with routing iinformation and control information, sends to other node M AC layer in the network; Other node M AC layer receives this control subframe, and the routing iinformation of multi-hop node is wherein extracted, and is delivered to network layer by striding layer interface, and network layer is upgraded the routing iinformation of multi-hop node.
The routing iinformation of above-mentioned a kind of wireless mesh network obtain with transmission method in, described striding among layer transfer mode d2, when node M AC layer sent the control information of MAC layer at every turn, if network layer has the multi-hop routing iinformation to need to send, then these two kinds of information were encapsulated in the same control subframe and transmit; If network layer has the multi-hop routing iinformation to need to send, and the MAC layer does not have control information to need to send, and then encapsulates routing iinformation separately; If network layer does not have the multi-hop routing iinformation to need to send, and the MAC layer has control information to need to send, and then encapsulates MAC layer control subframe separately.
The routing iinformation of above-mentioned a kind of wireless mesh network obtain with transmission method in, described striding among layer transfer mode d2, the meshed network layer passes to node M AC layer by striding layer interface with the routing iinformation of multi-hop node, uses for the MAC layer.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage and technique effect: the present invention is based on the routing iinformation pass through mechanism, layer design striden in utilization, and the reciprocal process of routing iinformation between the information interactive process of MAC layer between adjacent node and network layer is combined.The meshed network layer needs the information of interactive maintenance neighbor node connectedness in the existing protocol, and network node MAC layer passes to network layer with interactive information connective between this layer maintenance of neighbor node among the present invention.Network layer is utilized the connectedness between these maintenance of information neighbor nodes, do not need and other meshed network layer interactive maintenance neighbor nodes between connective information.Network layer also can pass to routing iinformation the MAC layer, and the MAC layer is encapsulated in it with sending to other nodes in the frame with the control information of MAC layer.The layer of striding of MAC layer and network layer reduces data packet head and mac frame header overhead alternately, has reduced the expense on the operating time, has improved whole networks efficiency.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 represents to stride in the execution mode flow chart of layer design routing algorithm.
Fig. 2 represents that the layer of striding in the example transmits routing iinformation frame structure schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing concrete enforcement of the present invention is described further, but enforcement of the present invention and protection range are not limited thereto.
In the present embodiment, node PHY layer and MAC layer adopt the Wireless Mesh network of IEEE 802.16d Mesh agreement, network layer adopts improved OLSR agreement (optimization link-state routing protocol), has promptly used the OLSR Routing Protocol of the inventive method, idiographic flow such as Fig. 1.
After node networks, as Fig. 1, in the network each node M AC layer periodically or aperiodic and on every side neighbor node MAC layer to carry out the link communication information mutual, obtain MAC-neighbours' communication information.
What the MAC layer used is IEEE 802.16d Mesh agreement.A lot of Signalling exchanges are arranged in the process of new node access network, related to three category nodes: do not add the new node of network, add the non-Mesh BS node and the Mesh BS node of network.Whole process can be divided into six stages:
(1) network sweep, the new node request networks the stage;
(2) new node carries out the basic capability negotiating stage;
(3) new node carries out authentication phase;
(4) new node is registered, and obtains the network ID stage;
(5) new node is configured the stage to IP, time and all the other parameters;
(6) the new node access network is finished the stage;
Network from the new node application, to the network insertion process end of node, new node becomes a normal node in the network, and this is a process that needs are repeatedly mutual.Therefore under the IEEE 802.16d Mesh agreement, it is two-way neighbor node that all neighbor nodes are all given tacit consent to.The detected hop neighbor of MAC layer is the two-way neighbours of this node, promptly has a two-way link at least with this node.The detected two-hop neighbors of every MAC layer all is two-way neighbours of double bounce of this node, both one jumps two-way neighbours with certain of this node, has a two-way link at least.Thereby realized the mechanism of link detecting, and the topology in two-hop neighbors territory is upgraded.
IEEE 802.16d Mesh agreement is by the information interaction mechanism of MAC layer, the topology in the double bounce of the perception dynamically territory, and the relevant parameter of link.Each MESH frame of IEEE 802.16d Mesh comprises control subframe and data burst, and the control subframe is divided into network control subframe and scheduling controlling subframe again.The network control subframe is mainly used to maintaining network, as the delivery network broadcast message, for connecting between the node etc.The scheduling controlling subframe is then dispatched for the data between nodes exchange.Node can periodically send the network control subframe, in each control subframe, has all comprised information connective between the maintenance of neighbor node, i.e. MAC-neighbours' communication information.First mini-slot of network control subframe is used to send network insertion message MSH-NENT, and a MSH-CTRL-LEN-1 mini-slot in back is used for network configuration MSH-NCFG.In MSH-NCFG, MAC-neighbours' communication information has comprised the physical message unit (Nbr Physical IE) of neighbor node and the logical message unit (Nbr Logical IE) of neighbor node.Therefore MAC-neighbours' communication information has comprised the information of this section one hop neighbor node and two hop nodes.
Then, node M AC layer periodicity or aperiodic MAC-neighbours' communication information of gained is delivered to the meshed network layer by striding layer interface.Carry out the information transmission between node M AC layer and the network layer, node M AC layer passes to network layer with MAC-neighbours' communication information.
Then, the meshed network layer receives MAC-neighbours' communication information that the MAC layer transmits up, therefrom obtains a hop neighbor and two hop node routing iinformations, as the topology information of jumping (neighbours) node and two hop nodes in the routing algorithm;
The present networks network layer is used improved OLSR Routing Protocol.Not improved OLSR Routing Protocol mainly comprises two modules: HELLO module and routing module.The HELLO module periodically sends HELLO message to neighbor node, to realize following function: neighbours' perception (Neighbor Sensing); Determine the state of link between node: one way link, two-way link or not definite; The multiple spot relaying is elected.Routing module is realized generation, distribution, reception, processing and the forwarding of topological control information (TC); Use dijkstra's algorithm or its to improve according to topology table and calculate (renewal) routing table etc.
Detected hop neighbor node of node M AC layer and two hop nodes all are two-way neighbor nodes of this node, have realized the mechanism of link detecting, and the topology in two-hop neighbors territory is upgraded.
The information interaction mechanism of IEEE 802.16d Mesh agreement MAC layer, the topology in the dynamic perception double bounce territory, and the relevant parameter of link.In the MSH-NCFG control information in the MAC layer, each hop neighbor node there is following information parameter: receive link-quality, the modulation system of neighbor node bursty data, outer professional demand and neighbor node transmitted power.These parameters all are to describe this node and these neighbours' Link State, and the variable of this nodal information state, by the analysis to these variablees, can be converted to these neighbours' link transmitting capacity (Willingness) value.This more can reflect the actual environment factor than the Willingness value by the router setting node.
From the introduction of the information interaction mechanism of top 802.16d Mesh agreement MAC layer, can obtain, in the control information relevant information in the IEEE 802.16d Mesh agreement MAC layer, has the needed information of OLSR agreement Hello information mechanism, can finish the function of Hello mechanism by these functions, therefore by utilizing the MSH-NCFG control information interaction mechanism of IEEE 802.16d Mesh agreement MAC layer, can substitute the mechanism of OLSR agreement Hello information fully.Therefore, node M AC layer passes to the meshed network layer by striding layer interface with MAC-neighbours' communication information, uses for network layer OLSR routing algorithm; The meshed network layer do not need again with network in the mutual Hello packets of information of other meshed network layers.The meshed network layer not with network in the neighbor node routing iinformation of regulation in mutual this layer of other meshed network layers, the meshed network layer is by striding layer interface, directly obtain MAC-neighbours' communication information that the MAC layer transmits, it is treated to the routing iinformation of a hop neighbor node and two hop nodes in this layer, and calculating for route provides foundation.
Next, the meshed network layer periodically or aperiodic by with network in other nodes alternately about the topology information of multi-hop node, obtain multi-hop node topology information.Multi-hop node topology information is used existing conventional transfer mode.Regular this layer of transparent interaction of other multi-hop meshed network layers routing iinformation in meshed network layer and the network.
Another transfer mode is to stride a layer transfer mode, subframe is promptly controlled in the control information that node M AC layer is relevant with regularly mutual this layer of other node M AC layer need in the network: the meshed network layer is delivered to the MAC layer with the routing iinformation of multi-hop node by striding layer interface, the MAC layer is encapsulated as the control subframe together with routing iinformation and control information, sends to other node M AC layer in the network; Other node M AC layer receives this control subframe, and the routing iinformation of multi-hop node is wherein extracted, and is delivered to network layer by striding layer interface, and network layer is upgraded the routing iinformation of multi-hop node.
In the existing MAC agreement, node M AC layer is by connectedness and Link State between the relevant MAC maintenance of information neighbor node, as MAC control subframe in 802.16 agreements.Other node M AC layer is controlled the height of the frequent degree of subframe than network layer transparent interaction information alternately in node M AC layer and the network.And existing routing protocol all is that each node transmits routing iinformation pellucidly in network layer in the network, does not use the information of low layer, directly routing iinformation is transferred to the MAC layer, by the MAC layer it is packaged into Frame and sends, promptly conventional transfer mode.
Stride layer transfer mode and then can transmit multi-hop node routing iinformation in the routing algorithm by the control subframe in the MAC layer.The meshed network layer passes to node M AC layer by striding layer interface with multi-hop node routing iinformation, uses for the MAC layer.The MAC layer is opened up domain of dependence storage multi-hop node routing iinformation in the control subframe, send according to MAC agreement regulation then.After other nodes receive this MAC control subframe in the network, multi-hop node routing iinformation is extracted, pass to network layer, use for routing algorithm by striding layer interface.
Stride layer transfer mode and need control the sub-frame data structure to MAC and make amendment, but it to reduce data packet head and mac frame header overhead than conventional transfer mode, has reduced the expense on the operating time, has improved whole networks efficiency.
At last, the meshed network layer calculates the topology information and the multi-hop node topology information of a hop node and two hop nodes as routing algorithm foundation is calculated according to the route in the OLSR Routing Protocol, calculates the full mesh topology structure.
Above process is carried out in the node circulation, regularly upgrades the whole network routing iinformation, upgrades the full mesh topology structure.
More than whole process frame diagram as shown in Figure 1.
In the above-mentioned routing iinformation transmittance process, used the routing iinformation collaboration mode.Under this pattern, be used for safeguarding that the routing iinformation of full mesh topology structure is divided into two parts, a part is to be used for safeguarding routing iinformation connective between a hop neighbor node and two hop nodes, another part is the routing iinformation of multi-hop node.Network node MAC layer is used between the maintenance of neighbor node connective information (MAC-neighbours' communication information) with this layer, passes to network layer by striding layer interface.After network layer is obtained MAC-neighbours' communication information, be used for safeguarding a hop neighbor node and two hop node routing iinformations, network layer need not and mutual hop neighbor node of other meshed network layers and two hop node routing iinformations; The routing iinformation of meshed network layer mutual multi-hop node of other meshed network layers directly and in the network.Collaboration mode is meant that MAC layer and network layer finish obtaining and transmitting of routing iinformation by striding the common cooperation of layer design, and the routing iinformation of full mesh topology structure is upgraded in cooperation.
Node M AC layer and network layer realize that by striding layer design hello information strides layer transmission, frame diagram such as Fig. 2, and it is concrete, and to stride the step that layer realizes as follows:
(1) in the OLSR Routing Protocol, stops the transmission of all Hello information.
(2) when the MAC layer sends the MSH-NCFG control information, the information of this node MPR set is added in the physical message unit (Nbr Physical IE).
(3) when the MAC layer receives the MSH-NCFG control information, neighbours' information, and the content of MSH-NCFG control information is packaged into OLSR routing algorithm Hello bag, sends to the Routing Protocol on upper strata.
(4) disconnect when the MAC layer detects certain bar link, when certain neighbor node is out of touch, send the Routing Protocol of the information of neighbours' disappearance, delete these neighbours' relevant routing iinformation timely, recomputate routing table to the upper strata.
Stride the improvement that layer obtains by above routing iinformation, the meshed network layer reduces the relevant expense of routing iinformation.The layer of striding in MAC layer and network layer reduces data packet head alternately, has reduced the expense on the operating time, has improved whole networks efficiency.
Claims (7)
1. the routing iinformation of a wireless mesh network obtains and transmission method, it is characterized in that: the reciprocal process of routing iinformation between the information interactive process of MAC layer between adjacent node and network layer is combined, layer design striden in utilization, removes the operation that duplicate message obtains, and specifically may further comprise the steps:
A: node M AC layer periodically or aperiodic and on every side neighbor node MAC layer to carry out the link communication information mutual, obtain MAC-neighbours' communication information;
B: node M AC layer periodicity or aperiodic, the MAC-neighbours' communication information with gained among the step a was delivered to the meshed network layer;
C: MAC-neighbours' communication information that the MAC layer transmits up among the meshed network layer receiving step b, therefrom obtain a hop neighbor and two hop node routing iinformations, as the topology information of a hop neighbor node and two hop nodes in the routing algorithm;
D: the meshed network layer periodically or aperiodic by with network in other nodes alternately about the topology information of multi-hop node, obtain multi-hop node topology information.
2. the routing iinformation of a kind of wireless mesh network according to claim 1 obtains and transmission method, it is characterized in that described step b is specially: carry out the information transmission between described node M AC layer and the network layer, node M AC layer passes to network layer with MAC-neighbours' communication information.
3. the routing iinformation of a kind of wireless mesh network according to claim 2 obtains and transmission method, it is characterized in that node M AC layer passes to the meshed network layer by striding layer interface with MAC-neighbours' communication information among the step b, uses for network layer.
4. the routing iinformation of a kind of wireless mesh network according to claim 1 obtains and transmission method, it is characterized in that described step c is specially: the meshed network layer not with network in the neighbor node routing iinformation of regulation in mutual this layer of other meshed network layers, the meshed network layer is by striding layer interface, directly obtain MAC-neighbours' communication information that the MAC layer transmits, it is treated to the routing iinformation of a hop neighbor node and two hop nodes in this layer, and calculating for route provides foundation.
5. the routing iinformation of a kind of wireless mesh network according to claim 1 obtains and transmission method, it is characterized in that described steps d is specially: the meshed network layer periodically or aperiodic by other nodes in one of following two kinds of transfer modes and the network alternately about the topology information of multi-hop node:
D1: conventional transfer mode, the routing iinformation of the directly mutual multi-hop node of other meshed network layers in meshed network layer and the network, bottom is transparent for network layer;
D2: stride a layer transfer mode, subframe is promptly controlled in the control information that node M AC layer is relevant with regularly mutual this layer of other node M AC layer need in the network: the meshed network layer is delivered to the MAC layer with the routing iinformation of multi-hop node by striding layer interface, the MAC layer is encapsulated as the control subframe together with routing iinformation and control information, sends to other node M AC layer in the network; Other node M AC layer receives this control subframe, and the routing iinformation of multi-hop node is wherein extracted, and is delivered to network layer by striding layer interface, and network layer is upgraded the routing iinformation of multi-hop node.
6. the routing iinformation of a kind of wireless mesh network according to claim 5 obtains and transmission method, it is characterized in that described striding among layer transfer mode d2, when node M AC layer sends the control information of MAC layer at every turn, if network layer has the multi-hop routing iinformation to need to send, then these two kinds of information are encapsulated in the same control subframe and transmit; If network layer has the multi-hop routing iinformation to need to send, and the MAC layer does not have control information to need to send, and then encapsulates routing iinformation separately; If network layer does not have the multi-hop routing iinformation to need to send, and the MAC layer has control information to need to send, and then encapsulates MAC layer control subframe separately.
7. the routing iinformation of a kind of wireless mesh network according to claim 5 obtains and transmission method, it is characterized in that described striding among layer transfer mode d2, the meshed network layer passes to node M AC layer by striding layer interface with the routing iinformation of multi-hop node, uses for the MAC layer.
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