CN101193850A - 由羰基化合物制备烯烃的方法 - Google Patents
由羰基化合物制备烯烃的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101193850A CN101193850A CNA2006800158057A CN200680015805A CN101193850A CN 101193850 A CN101193850 A CN 101193850A CN A2006800158057 A CNA2006800158057 A CN A2006800158057A CN 200680015805 A CN200680015805 A CN 200680015805A CN 101193850 A CN101193850 A CN 101193850A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 150000001728 carbonyl compounds Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 title description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Chemical group CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000003053 piperidines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 14
- -1 for example Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000006575 electron-withdrawing group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- BXSUQWZHUHROLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(1h-pyrazol-4-yl)benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C2=CNN=C2)=C1 BXSUQWZHUHROLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
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- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- HGINADPHJQTSKN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 3-ethoxy-3-oxopropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC([O-])=O HGINADPHJQTSKN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- FJJYHTVHBVXEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylpropanal Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C=O FJJYHTVHBVXEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 241001092040 Crataegus Species 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006000 Knoevenagel condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007239 Wittig reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- NGHOLYJTSCBCGC-VAWYXSNFSA-N benzyl cinnamate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1/C=C/C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 NGHOLYJTSCBCGC-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- JARKCYVAAOWBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanal Chemical compound CCCCCC=O JARKCYVAAOWBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- CYLQPOIZDBIXFP-BQYQJAHWSA-N (E)-2-Ethyl heptenoate Chemical compound CCCC\C=C\C(=O)OCC CYLQPOIZDBIXFP-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001376 1,2,4-triazolyl group Chemical group N1N=C(N=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIFGPDMURHDRQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-cyclohexylethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC(C)C1CCCCC1 JIFGPDMURHDRQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- WROUWQQRXUBECT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylacrylic acid Chemical compound CCC(=C)C(O)=O WROUWQQRXUBECT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NZUUXQSBKZPFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-piperazin-1-ylmorpholine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1N1CCOCC1 NZUUXQSBKZPFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical group COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006130 Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- AMIMRNSIRUDHCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropylaldehyde Chemical compound CC(C)C=O AMIMRNSIRUDHCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004171 alkoxy aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002152 alkylating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004103 aminoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003934 aromatic aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012973 diazabicyclooctane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylmethane Natural products CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005837 enolization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MNBODUCODDEXEE-VOTSOKGWSA-N ethyl (e)-4,4-dimethylpent-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)\C=C\C(C)(C)C MNBODUCODDEXEE-VOTSOKGWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCPOCMMGKBZWSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-hydrazinyl-3-oxopropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(=O)NN HCPOCMMGKBZWSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNDHNYOKGXAMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 4-methylpent-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=CC(C)C GNDHNYOKGXAMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004896 high resolution mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- PSHKMPUSSFXUIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylpyridin-2-amine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=CC=N1 PSHKMPUSSFXUIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000006772 olefination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentanal Chemical compound CCCCC=O HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000587 piperidin-1-yl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])N(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002112 pyrrolidino group Chemical group [*]N1C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005493 quinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000707 stereoselective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
- C07D307/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D307/38—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D307/54—Radicals substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C253/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles
- C07C253/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles by reactions not involving the formation of cyano groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
- C07C67/333—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
- C07C67/343—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
- C07C2601/12—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
- C07C2601/14—The ring being saturated
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Hydrogenated Pyridines (AREA)
- Furan Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
公开了一种制备通式I的α,β-不饱和化合物的方法,其中R1和R2可以是相同或不同的和可以分别是氢、取代的或未被取代的烷基、或取代的或未被取代的芳基;R3可以是氢、取代的或未被取代的烷基、或取代的或未被取代的芳基、或官能团,例如OR4、NR5R6、SR7,其中R4、R5、R6和R7可以是普通取代基,特别是烷基和/或芳基,或R3可以是卤素;EWG可以是吸电子官能团,例如CO2H、CO2R8、CONR9R10、COSR11、CN、NO2、SO2R12、CHO、COR13等,其中R8、R9、R10、R11、R12和R13可以是普通的取代基,特别是烷基和/或芳基,其中通式II的羰基化合物,其中R1和R2分别如上定义,在胺存在的条件下,与通式III的羧酸反应,或与通过就地添加酸到其盐中而产生的相同的羧酸反应,其中R3和EWG分别如上定义。在温和的反应条件下能够产出具有高(E)立体选择性的相应的不饱和酯。该反应典型地在室温或更低温度下进行,而且不必满足特别的要求例如惰性气体,除湿,加热等。获得的唯一副产物是CO2和水。
Description
本发明涉及由羰基化合物制备烯烃的方法。
结构式(1)的羰基化合物与结构式(2)的磷化合物的烯化作用是公知的制备不饱和羰基化合物和类似化合物的合成方法(反应式1,EWG=吸电子基团)。
最经常使用的方法包括维蒂希(Witting)反应(PR3=PPh3)和霍纳-华兹沃思-埃蒙斯(Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons)反应(PR3=P(OM)(OEt)2)。在研究实验室中利用这两个反应制备相对少量和也可以基于商业目的以其良好产率和高选择性制备。然而,缺点在于在反应中获得了化学计量数量的副产物。除了所需的反应产物,维蒂希反应中形成相等量的三苯膦氧化物(Ph3PO),和霍纳-华兹沃思-埃蒙斯反应中形成磷酸盐(PO(OEt)2OM)。这两个反应的副产物在工业规模生产中将构成相当大的难题,因为这些化合物必须从所需产物中除去和然后处理或再加工。对于工业规模的生产还有的缺点是,在霍纳-华兹沃思-埃蒙斯反应中,需要使用化学计量量的碱,并在许多情况下还必须使用空气和水分敏感的化合物如正丁基锂(n-BuLi),LDA或NaH。
在合成α,β-不饱和酯和羧酸,或在极为稀少的情况下还有酮的可替代方法中,丙二酸单酯或类似化合物与羰基化合物反应(Galat-Doebner-Knoevenagel反应),从而获得CO2和水作为副产物(参见反应式2)。
这些反应,被认为是Knoevenagel反应的改进,典型地用吡啶作为溶剂和在哌啶作为基本催化剂存在和高温(>50℃)下进行。
与在维蒂希反应或霍纳-华兹沃思-埃蒙斯反应中相比,该立体选择性典型地是较低的,当使用可烯醇化的羰基化合物时,此处所需的α,β-不饱和酯或酸,和所不希望的β,γ-不饱和酯或酸,以及它们的混合物,都被析出。例如,在己醛与丙二酸单酯在不同有机溶剂中和在催化量的哌啶翁醋酸盐存在下并在回流下的反应获得β,γ-不饱和酯作为主要产物。显而易见,由于更为低劣的E/Z和α,β对β,γ选择性和由于反应条件(高温),Galat-Doebner-Knoevenagel反应使用的范围要比霍纳-华兹沃思-埃蒙斯反应小。
本发明的目的是提供一种制备α,β-不饱和羰基化合物和相关化合物的方法,其不存在已知反应的缺陷,特别是形成大量副产物和对反应条件的苛刻条件。
本发明提供制备通式I的α,β-不饱和化合物的方法
其中
R1和R2可以是相同或不同的和可以分别是氢、取代的或未被取代的烷基、或取代的或未被取代的芳基,
R3可以是氢、取代的或未被取代的烷基、或取代的或未被取代的芳基、或官能团,例如OR4、NR5R6、SR7,其中R4、R5、R6和R7可以是普通取代基,特别是烷基和/或芳基、或R3可以是卤素,
EWG可以是吸电子官能团,例如CO2H、CO2R8、CONR9R10、COSR11、CN、NO2、SO2R12、CHO、COR13等,其中R8、R9、R10、R11、R12和R13可以是普通的取代基,特别是烷基和/或芳基,
其中通式II的羰基化合物
其中R1和R2分别如上定义,
在胺的存在条件下,与通式III的羧酸反应
或与通过就地添加酸到其盐中而产生的相同的羧酸反应,其中R3和EWG分别如上定义。
例如,已经发现醛与羧酸例如丙二酸单酯的反应,在胺作为催化剂存在的条件下,在温和的反应条件下能够产出具有高(E)立体选择性的相应的不饱和酯。按照本发明的方法是一种催化反应,其典型地在室温或更低温度下进行,而且不必满足特别的要求例如惰性气体,除湿,加热等。获得的唯一副产物是CO2和水。
所用的术语“烷基”意指线性,支化或环状烃基,其碳原子数典型的是1-30,优选1-24,和特别优选1-6,例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔-丁基、辛基、癸基等,当然也可以是环烷基,例如环戊基、环己基等。烃基优选的碳原子数是1-18,特别优选1-12。
在本发明当中所用的芳基是芳环体系,其环中具有5-30个碳原子和优选杂原子,例如N、O、S、P、Si原子,其中该环可以是单环或多环体系,例如稠环体系或经由单键或多键彼此结合在一起的环。芳环的例子是苯基、萘基、联二苯、联二苯醚、联二苯胺、二苯甲酮和类似化合物。取代的芳基具有一个或以上的取代基。杂烷基的例子是烷氧基芳基、烷基硫烷基(sulfanyl)取代的烷基、N-烷基化的氨基烷基和类似化合物。杂芳基取代基的例子是吡咯基、吡咯烷基、吡啶基、喹啉基、吲哚基、嘧啶基、咪唑基、1,2,4-三唑基、四唑基和类似化合物。含杂原子的脂环族基的例子包括吡咯烷(pyrrolidino)、吗啉代、哌嗪(piperazino)、哌啶(piperidino)等。
上述基团可以带有的取代基可以包括OH、F、Cl、Br、I、CN、NO2、NO、SO2、SO3-、胺、-COOH、-COO(C1-C6-烷基)、单-和二-(C1-C24-烷基)-取代的氨基、单-和二-(C5-C20-芳基)-取代的氨基、亚氨基,它们可以再被取代,例如C1-C6-烷基、芳基和苯基。特别是环状基团也可以具有C1-C6-烷基作为取代基。
按照本发明的方法在胺作为催化剂存在的条件下进行。所用的胺可以是伯胺、仲胺和叔胺,优选环胺例如DBU、DBN、DABCO,吡啶、哌啶、咪唑及其衍生物,和苯胺及其衍生物,和胺的混合物。已经发现二甲基氨基吡啶是特别适宜的,例如4-二甲基氨基吡啶(DMAP)。胺作为催化剂和在按照本发明的方法中优选以0.1-15mol%的数量被使用,特别优选5-10mol%,该数量基于通式II或通式III的数量。
按照本发明的方法具有的优点是可以在温和反应条件下进行反应。反应温度可以是0-30℃,优选10-25℃。不需要在惰性气体气氛或除湿条件下进行反应。
在一个优选实施方式中,本发明的方法在有机溶剂中进行。考虑的溶剂是对反应不产生副面影响的那些,例如戊烷、己烷、庚烷、辛烷、石油醚、甲苯、二甲苯、醋酸乙酯、四氢呋喃、二乙基醚、甲基叔丁基醚、1,4-二氧六环、二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氯化碳、二甲基-甲酰胺、环丁砜、1,2-二氯乙烷。
实施例
与单酯反应(一般方法)
反应在5ml玻璃容器中进行。4-二甲基氨基吡啶(24.4mg,0.2mmol)溶解在5ml的DMF中,然后醛(2mmol)和单酯(3mmol)先后加入到反应中。短暂时间之后,观察到放出CO2气体。
反应在5-60h后进行处理,反应混合物用二乙基醚萃取和有机相用NH4Cl溶液,水,NaHCO3溶液进行洗涤和最后用水再次洗涤。有机相在Na2SO4上干燥,过滤和用旋转蒸发浓缩。在多数情况下,这类处理之后的粗产物具有超过95%的纯度。所有的化合物都用1H NMR,13C NMR和HR-MS进行表征。
对于芳族醛或空间位阻醛,例如三甲基乙醛,如果加入哌啶(17mg,0.2mmol),反应时间可以显著缩短。为此目的,全部的反应混合物短暂冷却(大约10℃)和逐滴加入哌啶,然后在室温下连续搅拌。
2-庚烯酸乙酯
4-二甲基氨基吡啶(24.4mg,0.2mmol)溶解在5ml的DMF中,将戊醛(172.3mg,2mmol)和丙二酸单乙酯(396.4mg,3mmol)加入到反应中,和将混合物在10℃下搅拌60小时。在含水处理步骤之后,获得的该酯是产率92%的无色油(284mg,1.82mmol,E/Z=95∶5)。
3-环己基-2-丙烯酸乙酯
4-二甲基氨基吡啶(24.4mg,0.2mmol)溶解在5ml的DMF中,将环己烷甲醛(224.3mg,2mmol)和丙二酸单乙酯(396.4mg,3mmol)加入到反应中,和将混合物在室温下搅拌48小时。在含水处理步骤之后,获得的该酯是产率92%的无色油(335.4mg,1.84mmol,E/Z=98∶2)。
4-甲基-2-戊烯酸乙酯
4-二甲基氨基吡啶(24.4mg,0.2mmol)溶解在5ml的DMF中,将异丁基醛(114.2mg,2mmol)和丙二酸单乙酯(396.4mg,3mmol)加入到反应中,和将混合物在室温下搅拌16小时。在含水处理步骤之后,获得的该酯是产率96%的无色油(273.2mg,1.92mmol,E/Z=99∶1)。
4,4-二甲基-2-戊烯酸乙酯
4-二甲基氨基吡啶(24.4mg,0.2mmol)溶解在5ml的DMF中,将三甲基乙醛(172.1mg,2mmol)和丙二酸单乙酯(396.4mg,3mmol)加入到反应中,和将混合物在室温下搅拌60小时。在含水处理步骤之后,获得的该酯是产率92%的无色油(286.4mg,1.83mmol,E/Z=99∶1)。
肉桂酸苄酯
4-二甲基氨基吡啶(24.4mg,0.2mmol)溶解在5ml的DMF中,将苯甲醛(210mg,2mmol)和丙二酸单苯甲基酯(582mg,3mmol)加入到反应中,和将混合物在室温下搅拌5小时。在含水处理步骤之后,获得的肉桂酸苄酯是产率96%的微黄色油(452mg,1.9mmol,E/Z=99∶1)。
对-甲氧基苯基-2-丙烯酸乙酯
4-二甲基氨基吡啶(24.4mg,0.2mmol)溶解在5ml的DMF中,将茴香醛(272.3mg,2mmol)和丙二酸单乙酯(396.4mg,3mmol)加入到反应中。为缓慢地逐滴加入哌啶(17mg,0.2mmol),将混合物冷却(10℃)。在哌啶加入之后,在室温下连续搅拌48小时。在含水处理步骤之后,获得的该酯是定量产率的黄色油(412.5mg,2mmol,E/Z=99∶1)。
加入酸与丙二酸单乙酯的钾盐的反应
A)加入盐酸
4-二甲基氨基吡啶(24.4mg,0.2mmol)溶解在5ml的DMF中,加入丙二酸单乙酯的钾盐(510.6mg,2mmol),此后立刻加入HCl在二乙基醚中溶液(1N,3ml)。然后加入茴香醛(272.3mg,2mmol)。为缓慢地逐滴加入哌啶(17mg,0.2mmol),将混合物冷却(10℃)。在哌啶加入之后,在室温下连续搅拌24小时。在含水处理步骤之后,获得的该酯是96%产率的黄色油(409.3mg,1.98mmol,E/Z=99∶1)。
B)加入醋酸
4-二甲基氨基吡啶(24.4mg,0.2mmol)溶解在5ml的DMF中,加入丙二酸单乙酯的钾盐(510.6mg,2mmol),此后立刻加入醋酸溶液(180.2,3mmol)。然后加入茴香醛(272.3mg,2mmol)。为缓慢地逐滴加入哌啶(17mg,0.2mmol),将混合物冷却(10℃)。在哌啶加入之后,在哌啶加入之后,在室温下连续搅拌24小时。在含水处理步骤之后,获得的该酯是定量产率的黄色油(412mg,2mmol,E/Z=99∶1)。
a指析出产率,b指通过GC测定,c指反应在10℃,d指10mol%哌啶作为催化剂,e指二烯酸酯与三当量单酯
Claims (6)
1.一种制备通式I的α,β-不饱和化合物的方法,
其中
R1和R2可以是相同或不同的和可以分别是氢、取代的或未被取代的烷基、或取代的或未被取代的芳基,
R3可以是氢、取代的或未被取代的烷基、或取代的或未被取代的芳基、或官能团,例如OR4、NR5R6、SR7,其中R4、R5、R6和R7可以是普通取代基,特别是烷基和/或芳基,或R3可以是卤素,
EWG可以是吸电子官能团,例如CO2H、CO2R8、CONR9R10、COSR11、CN、NO2、SO2R12、CHO、COR13等,其中R8、R9、R10、R11、R12和R13可以是普通的取代基,特别是烷基和/或芳基,
其中通式II的化合物
其中R1和R2分别如上定义,
在胺的存在条件下,与通式III的羧酸衍生物反应
其中R3和EWG分别如上定义。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于胺选自伯胺、仲胺和叔胺,特别是环胺例如吡啶、哌啶及其衍生物。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于胺选自4-二甲基氨基吡啶。
4.如权利要求1-3任何一项所述的方法,其特征在于反应是在0℃-30℃的温度范围内进行。
5.如权利要求1-4任何一项所述的方法,其特征在于该方法在有机溶剂内进行。
6.如权利要求1-5任何一项所述的方法,其特征在于通式III的羧酸衍生物通过加入酸就地从其盐获得。
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