CN101193830A - 夹层玻璃 - Google Patents
夹层玻璃 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明的目的在于提供一种夹层玻璃,其在保持作为夹层玻璃的基本性能的同时,从室外侧看时,呈现鲜明的色彩,而且,从室内侧看时,呈现与室内侧玻璃板自身的色调几乎没有变化的颜色。本发明涉及夹层玻璃,其包括两片玻璃板和夹在玻璃板之间的中间膜,其中,一片玻璃板是有色透明玻璃板,另一片玻璃板是可见光线反射玻璃板,中间膜含有锡掺杂氧化铟(ITO)微粒。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种夹层玻璃,更详细地涉及一种如下所述的夹层玻璃,在保持夹层玻璃的基本性能的同时,设置在窗户上以分隔室内和室外时,在从室外看时,呈现鲜明的色彩,在从室内看时,不易受到中间膜或室外侧玻璃的影响,呈现与室内侧玻璃板自身的色彩实质上没有变化的颜色而且容易调节色彩。
背景技术
目前,夹层玻璃具有优异的透明性、耐候性、叠层粘接性和耐击穿性(resistance to penetration)以及玻璃碎片不易飞散这些性能作为基本性能,因此可广泛使用于汽车等车辆或建筑物的窗玻璃上。作为这类夹层玻璃,举出例如将夹层玻璃用中间膜夹在至少一对玻璃板之间并一体化得到的夹层玻璃等,所述中间膜由利用增塑剂增塑化后的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛树脂等的聚乙烯缩醛树脂构成。近年来,为了提高隔热性,优选使用隔热性夹层玻璃。就隔热性夹层玻璃而言,以往使用将隔热性微粒即锡掺杂氧化铟(ITO)微粒添加至中间膜中制得的夹层玻璃等,在使用ITO微粒赋予中间膜隔热性时,如果ITO微粒的配合量过多,会产生中间膜的雾度(haze)值上升的问题。
再者,对于这类隔热性夹层玻璃而言,在中间膜中添加ITO微粒的情况下,从室内侧看时,由于受到中间膜含有的ITO微粒的影响而带有蓝色等,从室内侧观察到的色彩发生了变化,所以必须通过其它途径调整室内侧玻璃板的色彩等。在调整该室内侧玻璃板的色彩时,必须考虑中间膜中ITO微粒或室外侧玻璃板中使用的彩色玻璃的影响等,这需要复杂的工序。再者,为了省去这样的麻烦,考虑减少中间膜中的ITO微粒的含量等,但这时可能会有损于隔热性等隔热性夹层玻璃的基本性能。而且,从室外观察减少了中间膜中的ITO微粒的含量的夹层玻璃时,由于透过可见光线,而使得色彩变淡,难以呈现鲜艳的色彩,有可能损害设计性。
基于上述理由,期望得到如下所述的夹层玻璃,在保持夹层玻璃的基本性能的同时,在从室外侧看时,呈现鲜艳的色彩,从室内看到的色彩不易受到中间膜或室外侧玻璃的影响。
另外,关于隔热性夹层玻璃(特别是彩色玻璃/含有ITO微粒的中间膜/彩色玻璃),例如记载于专利文献1中。
专利文献1:特开2002-326847号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
本发明的目的在于提供一种夹层玻璃,其在保持作为夹层玻璃的基本性能的同时,从室外侧看时,呈现鲜明的色彩,另外,从室内侧看时,呈现与室内侧玻璃板自身的色彩几乎没有变化的色彩。
解决问题的方法
本发明人等为了达成上述目的而悉心研究的结果发现:通过室内侧的一面设置有色透明即所谓彩色玻璃板,而在另一面设置反射可见光线的所谓镜面玻璃,并使用配合了锡掺杂氧化铟(ITO)微粒的中间膜作为中间膜,可以得到具有以下性能的夹层玻璃,不损伤热遮蔽性等夹层玻璃的基本性能,从室外侧观察该夹层玻璃时,呈现来自彩色玻璃鲜明的色调,另外,从室内侧看该夹层玻璃时,几乎不受中间膜或室外侧玻璃色彩的影响,呈现与室内侧玻璃本来的色彩几乎没有变化的色彩,进一步反复研究,完成了本发明。
即,本发明涉及
1.一种夹层玻璃,其包括两片玻璃板和夹在玻璃板之间的中间膜,其中,一片玻璃板是有色透明玻璃板,另一片玻璃板是可见光线反射玻璃板,中间膜含有锡掺杂氧化铟(ITO)微粒。
2.按照1所述的夹层玻璃,其中,在使用时,有色透明玻璃板位于室外侧,可见光线反射玻璃板位于室内侧。
3.按照1或2所述的夹层玻璃,其中,可见光线反射玻璃板是在玻璃板的单面或两面上被覆金属膜而形成的。
4.按照3所述的夹层玻璃,其中,金属膜为银膜。
5.按照1~4中任一项所述的夹层玻璃,其中,中间膜的构成树脂为聚乙烯醇缩醛树脂。
6.按照5所述的夹层玻璃,其中,聚乙烯醇缩醛树脂是利用增塑剂增塑化后的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛树脂。
7.按照1~6中任一项所述的夹层玻璃,其中,中间膜所含的锡掺杂氧化铟(ITO)微粒的含量相对于中间膜为0.1~1.0质量%。
8.按照1~7中任一项所述的夹层玻璃,其用于车辆的侧玻璃、后玻璃和顶玻璃。
发明效果
本发明的夹层玻璃不损伤夹层玻璃的基本性能,将该夹层玻璃设置于车辆或建筑物的窗户上,从室外侧观察该夹层玻璃时,呈现出室外侧的有色透明玻璃板产生的鲜明的色彩,另外,从室内侧看该夹层玻璃时,几乎不受中间膜或室外侧玻璃色彩的影响,呈现与室内侧玻璃本来的色彩几乎没有变化的色彩,因此,与现有的夹层玻璃相比,不需要调整室内侧玻璃板的色彩的工序。
具体实施方式
本发明的夹层玻璃是通过中间膜叠层两片玻璃板而形成的夹层玻璃,其特征在于,一片玻璃板是有色透明玻璃板,另一片玻璃板是可见光线反射玻璃板,中间膜含有锡掺杂氧化铟(ITO)微粒。将具有这种构成的本发明的夹层玻璃设置于车辆或建筑物的窗户上等使用时,通常将有色透明玻璃板的一侧作为室外侧,将可见光线反射玻璃板的一侧作为室内侧使用。以下,按顺序说明本发明的夹层玻璃的构成材料及制造方法。
(有色透明玻璃板)
上述有色透明玻璃板是由有色透明玻璃制成的玻璃板,只要不阻碍本发明的目的,则没有特别限定,可以是公知的玻璃板。作为上述有色透明玻璃的种类,例如举出绿色、金黄色(blond)、灰色、蓝色的钠钙玻璃(soda-lime-silica glass)等。作为上述有色透明玻璃,采用绿色钠钙玻璃时,其构成可以举出含有以质量百分率表示的换算为Fe2O3的总铁量为0.3~1%的钠钙玻璃,优选举出在以质量百分率表示的换算为Fe2O3的总铁量中换算为Fe2O3换算后的FeO的质量为20~40%的钠钙玻璃。而且,构成从夹层玻璃上切下的1cm2的夹层玻璃片的各玻璃板中含有的换算为Fe2O3的总铁含量总和优选2~7mg。
(可见光线反射玻璃板)
上述可见光线反射玻璃板只要不阻碍本发明的目的就没有特别限定,按照常规方法,通过用金属膜被覆玻璃板的一面或两面而得到。更具体地,例如通过溅射法、真空蒸镀法、离子镀法等,用金属膜被覆玻璃版的至少一个玻璃面而得到。另外,作为构成上述金属膜的金属,举出Ag(银)、Au(金)、Cu(铜)、Pd(钯)、Rh(铑)等具有光线反射性能的金属。上述金属膜优选Ag膜。再者,将金属膜被覆于玻璃板的一面上时,优选被覆于中间膜侧的面即通常使用时接近室外侧的面。另外,金属膜的厚度优选2~200nm左右。
(中间膜)
上述中间膜只要是含有锡掺杂氧化铟(ITO)微粒的中间膜就没有特别限定。中间膜中的锡掺杂氧化铟(ITO)微粒的含量只要不阻碍本发明的目的就没有特别限定,优选0.1~1.0质量%。再者,ITO微粒的粒径没有特别限定,优选10~80nm。
作为构成上述中间膜的主要构成树脂,只要不阻碍本发明的目的就没有特别限定,可以适当采用公知的树脂,优选聚乙烯缩醛树脂,更优选利用增塑剂增塑化后的增塑化聚乙烯缩醛树脂,最优选增塑化聚乙烯醇缩丁醛树脂。
作为上述增塑剂,可以举出,夹层玻璃的中间膜中使用的公知的增塑剂,例如一元酸酯、多元酸酯等有机酯类增塑剂等。作为这些增塑剂的代表物质,例如可以举出(1)通过二缩三乙二醇和有机酸的反应得到的二醇类酯、(2)有机酸和碳原子数4~8的直链状或支链状醇的酯、(3)二缩三乙二醇二-(2-乙基丁酸酯)、二缩三乙二醇二-(2-乙基己酸酯)、二缩三乙二醇二辛酸酯、二缩三乙二醇二(乙基己酸酯)(3GO)等。作为增塑剂的使用量,只要不阻碍本发明的目的就没有特别限定,相对于构成树脂100质量份,优选30~70质量份,特别优选35~45质量份。
上述中间膜除构成树脂或增塑剂以外,也可含有例如紫外线吸收剂、抗氧化剂、光稳定剂、表面活性剂等公知的添加剂。
上述中间膜按照常规方法由上述各种材料制膜得到。作为制膜方法,例如举出利用挤出法、压延法、挤压法等通常的制膜法,制膜为片状的方法。这些制膜技术由于是以往充分成熟的技术,所以在本发明中可适当采用这些技术。
(制造方法)
本发明的夹层玻璃可按照常规方法夹持上述中间膜来叠层上述有色透明玻璃板和上述可见光线反射玻璃板并将它们一体化而制造。例如,将上述中间膜夹在上述室外侧玻璃和上述室内侧玻璃之间,并将它们装入至橡胶袋(rubber bag)内,边进行减压抽吸边在约70~110℃下进行预粘接,然后,使用高压釜或使用具有加热功能的挤压装置,在约120~150℃,约1~1.5MPa的压力下进行正式粘接,可制造本发明的夹层玻璃。
本发明的夹层玻璃与现有的夹层玻璃一样,使用于以汽车等车辆或建筑物的窗玻璃为主的各种用途中,但优选使用于车辆的侧玻璃、后玻璃或顶玻璃。
将本发明的夹层玻璃使用于车辆的侧玻璃、后玻璃或顶玻璃时,为了实现轻量化而使夹层玻璃的厚度变薄时,隔音性会下降,室内的舒适性变差,所以优选将隔音膜粘贴在上述夹层玻璃上使用。再者,在制造本发明的夹层玻璃时,可将上述隔音膜叠层在上述中间膜与任一玻璃板之间来使用,也可预先粘贴中间膜和隔音膜后使用。
另外,作为构成本发明的夹层玻璃的各玻璃板和中间膜的厚度,没有特别限定,可根据夹层玻璃的用途在公知的或可能的范围内适当设定。
实施例
(实施例1~2和比较例1~2)
(1)中间膜的制备
使磷酸三辛酯分散于二缩三乙二醇二(乙基己酸酯)(3GO)中制成混合液,而且,使ITO微粒(平均粒径35nm)分散于该混合液中,制备ITO微粒分散液。将该ITO微粒分散液添加于聚乙烯醇缩丁醛树脂中,用混炼辊(mixing roll)充分熔融混炼,使用挤压成型机,在150℃下挤压成型30分钟,得到厚度为0.8mm的中间膜(SCF)。另外,在制备上述ITO微粒分散液和向聚乙烯醇缩丁醛树脂中添加时,调节混合比和添加量,使中间膜中的ITO微粒含量为0.2质量%,另外,使相对于聚乙烯醇缩丁醛树脂100质量份的磷酸三辛酯和3GO的量分别为0.08质量份和40质量份。
(2)夹层玻璃的制造
用表1所示的作为室外侧玻璃的有色透明玻璃板和作为室内侧玻璃的可见光线反射玻璃板或有色透明玻璃板夹住在上述(1)中得到的中间膜(SCF),将它们装入橡胶袋内,在2.6kPa的真空度下脱气20分钟后,在脱气的状态下直接移至烘箱内,再在90℃下保持30分钟进行预粘接。将这样预粘接后的叠层物置于高压釜中,在135℃、压力1.2MPa的条件下进行20分钟的压合(正式粘接),得到表1所示的构成的夹层玻璃。
表1
夹层玻璃 | |||
室外侧玻璃 | 中间膜 | 室内侧玻璃 | |
实施例1 | 标准绿色厚度:3mm | SCF | 反射·透明(reflective clear)*厚度:4mm(可见光线反射玻璃板) |
实施例2 | 标准青铜色厚度:3mm | SCF | 反射·透明*厚度:4mm(可见光线反射玻璃板) |
比较例1 | 标准绿色厚度:3mm | SCF | 标准绿色厚度:3mm |
比较例2 | 标准青铜色厚度:3mm | SCF | 标准青铜色厚度:3mm |
*:室外侧(中间膜侧)的面上被覆有Ag膜的玻璃
(评价)
通过以下的方法对实施例1~2和比较例1~2中得到的夹层玻璃进行评价。结果如表2所示。
[可见光透过率(Tv)、日光透过率(Te)和日光反射率(Re)的测定]
使用直接记录分光光度计(direct-recording spectrophotometer)(岛津制作所公司制造的“UV3100”,按照JIS Z 8722和JIS R 3106,求出380~780nm的可见光透过率(Tv)、300~2100nm的日光透过率(Te)和300~2100nm的日光反射率(Re)。
表2
Tv | Te | Re | |
实施例1 | 32.0 | 24.9 | 18.5 |
实施例2 | 26.4 | 28.1 | 17.2 |
比较例1 | 73.9 | 38.1 | 5.8 |
比较例2 | 50.2 | 39.5 | 5.2 |
(单位:%)
另外,将实施例和比较例的夹层玻璃设置为窗玻璃,在白天晴天时观察色彩。其结果是:就实施例1~2的夹层玻璃来说,从室外侧目视观察夹层玻璃时,呈现室外侧的有色透明玻璃产生的鲜明色彩,从室内侧目视观察该夹层玻璃时,呈现与室内侧玻璃板的本来色彩几乎没有变化的色彩。
另一方面,就比较例1~2的夹层玻璃来说,从室外侧目视观察夹层玻璃时,与实施例的夹层玻璃相比,色彩不鲜明,而且,从室内侧目视观察该夹层玻璃时,呈现出室内侧玻璃板和室外侧玻璃板混合在一起形成的色彩中混杂有中间膜的ITO微粒而形成的色彩(带有蓝色)的色彩。
另外,根据表2可知:实施例1~2的夹层玻璃与比较例1~2相比,可见光透过率(Tv)和日光透过率(Te)低,日光反射率(Re)高。认为这验证了上述观察结果。
工业实用性
本发明的夹层玻璃与现有的夹层玻璃一样,可以使用于各种用途,特别是用于车辆的侧玻璃、后玻璃或顶玻璃。
Claims (8)
1.一种夹层玻璃,其包括两片玻璃板和夹在玻璃板之间的中间膜,其中,一片玻璃板是有色透明玻璃板,另一片玻璃板是可见光线反射玻璃板,中间膜含有锡掺杂氧化铟(ITO)微粒。
2.按照权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃,其中,在使用时,有色透明玻璃板位于室外侧,可见光线反射玻璃板位于室内侧。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的夹层玻璃,其中,可见光线反射玻璃板是在玻璃板的单面或两面上被覆金属膜而形成的。
4.按照权利要求3所述的夹层玻璃,其中,金属膜为银膜。
5.按照权利要求1~4中任一项所述的夹层玻璃,其中,中间膜的构成树脂为聚乙烯醇缩醛树脂。
6.按照权利要求5所述的夹层玻璃,其中,聚乙烯醇缩醛树脂是利用增塑剂增塑化后的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛树脂。
7.按照权利要求1~6中任一项所述的夹层玻璃,其中,中间膜所含的锡掺杂氧化铟(ITO)微粒的含量相对于中间膜为0.1~1.0质量%。
8.按照权利要求1~7中任一项所述的夹层玻璃,其用于车辆的侧玻璃、后玻璃和顶玻璃。
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EP (1) | EP1908738A4 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20080015004A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101193830A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2006258682B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0611958A2 (zh) |
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US9782949B2 (en) * | 2008-05-30 | 2017-10-10 | Corning Incorporated | Glass laminated articles and layered articles |
EP2471762B1 (en) * | 2009-08-24 | 2016-04-13 | Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. | Intermediate film for laminated glass, and laminated glass |
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JP3154645B2 (ja) * | 1995-01-23 | 2001-04-09 | セントラル硝子株式会社 | 自動車用合せガラス |
US6582799B1 (en) * | 1999-06-02 | 2003-06-24 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Laminated transparency |
US6686032B1 (en) * | 1999-09-14 | 2004-02-03 | Asahi Glass Company, Limited | Laminated glass |
US6903152B2 (en) * | 2000-03-02 | 2005-06-07 | Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. | Interlayer film for laminated glass and laminated glass |
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EP1334151A1 (en) * | 2000-11-14 | 2003-08-13 | Solutia Inc. | Infrared (ir) absorbing polyvinyl butyral composition, sheet thereof and laminate containing the same |
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JP2003055006A (ja) * | 2001-08-22 | 2003-02-26 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | 合わせガラスおよびエッジライト装置 |
GB2403731A (en) * | 2003-07-11 | 2005-01-12 | Pilkington Plc | Solar control glazing |
EP1674433A4 (en) * | 2003-09-17 | 2007-06-13 | Central Glass Co Ltd | LAMINATED GLASS |
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CN113365868B (zh) * | 2019-02-19 | 2024-07-09 | 中央玻璃产品株式会社 | 平视显示器装置 |
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RU2008101439A (ru) | 2009-07-20 |
CA2604634A1 (en) | 2006-12-21 |
EP1908738A4 (en) | 2011-04-20 |
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US20080268236A1 (en) | 2008-10-30 |
AU2006258682A1 (en) | 2006-12-21 |
KR20080015004A (ko) | 2008-02-15 |
BRPI0611958A2 (pt) | 2016-09-06 |
AU2006258682B2 (en) | 2010-10-07 |
WO2006134860A1 (ja) | 2006-12-21 |
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