CN101184807A - 聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料和由其制备的薄膜 - Google Patents
聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料和由其制备的薄膜 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101184807A CN101184807A CNA2006800189356A CN200680018935A CN101184807A CN 101184807 A CN101184807 A CN 101184807A CN A2006800189356 A CNA2006800189356 A CN A2006800189356A CN 200680018935 A CN200680018935 A CN 200680018935A CN 101184807 A CN101184807 A CN 101184807A
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- Prior art keywords
- film
- polyvinylidene chloride
- clay
- composition
- layered silicate
- Prior art date
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- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010094 polymer processing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960003656 ricinoleic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N monopropylene glycol Natural products CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052615 phyllosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Natural products C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001701 hydrotalcite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960001545 hydrotalcite Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N ricinelaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GQWNECFJGBQMBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molindone hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.O=C1C=2C(CC)=C(C)NC=2CCC1CN1CCOCC1 GQWNECFJGBQMBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004709 Chlorinated polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VNSBYDPZHCQWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;aluminum;dioxido(oxo)silane;sodium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na].[Al].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O VNSBYDPZHCQWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SHZIWNPUGXLXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N caproic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCCCCC(=O)OCC SHZIWNPUGXLXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006735 epoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000273 nontronite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butyl acetate Chemical compound CCC(C)OC(C)=O DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- YFWJNXFECXOLLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 18-(2-hydroxyethylamino)octadecan-7-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)CCCCCCCCCCCNCCO YFWJNXFECXOLLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 87
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 84
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 17
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- LGXVIGDEPROXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dichloroethene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=C LGXVIGDEPROXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 13
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 11
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000012802 nanoclay Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000005030 aluminium foil Substances 0.000 description 7
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetate Substances CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butenoic acid Chemical compound CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001179 medium density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004701 medium-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 4
- PBLZLIFKVPJDCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-aminododecanoic acid Chemical compound NCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O PBLZLIFKVPJDCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-oxo-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 210000002808 connective tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 3
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- 238000007766 curtain coating Methods 0.000 description 3
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 241000582786 Monoplex Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004990 Smectic liquid crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- MMCOUVMKNAHQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonoperoxoic acid Chemical compound OOC(O)=O MMCOUVMKNAHQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002573 ethenylidene group Chemical group [*]=C=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hectorite Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Mg+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]([O-])(O1)O[Si]1([O-])O2 KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 239000005023 polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) polymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- JHPBZFOKBAGZBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethylpentyl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)C(C)(C)COC(=O)C(C)=C JHPBZFOKBAGZBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVERIJPZBUHJMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-aminooctadecan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)CN GVERIJPZBUHJMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUBNFZFTFXTLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminododecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(N)C(O)=O QUBNFZFTFXTLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920004439 Aclar® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000034656 Contusions Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种聚合物薄膜,其包括至少一层,该至少一层包括聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料组合物,该组合物包括:以组合物重量计100份聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料;以组合物重量计0.1-10份稳定剂;和以组合物重量计0.1-10份聚合物加工助剂。作为选择,一种聚合物薄膜,其包括至少一层,该至少一层包括聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料组合物,该组合物包括:以组合物重量计100份聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料;和以组合物重量计0.1-10份脂肪酸皂。可由其中一种薄膜制得泡罩包装。
Description
本申请要求于2005年3月29日提交的美国临时申请序列号60/666213的优先权,该申请的内容在此引入作为参考。
发明领域
本发明涉及一种聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料,以及由其制备的组合物和薄膜,例如适用于在泡罩包装(blister packs)中包装药品的薄膜。
发明背景
传统的泡罩包装通常包括:带有一个或者更通常为多个被肩部包围的凹槽的基底,和与肩部相连的盖子。药片、胶囊或者其他内容物被安置在各凹槽中,并且可以通过(1)挤压相应凹槽,由此使得内容物穿透盖子(通常是铝箔等),或者通过(2)除去处于凹槽上的那部分盖子,由此使得可以得到凹槽的内容物而从凹槽中取出。
在实践中,基底形成有凹槽并且具有限定凹槽间基底材料的肩部;基底的凹槽装满药片等;带有装满的凹槽的基底用盖子盖住;并且将盖子密封或者粘附到基底的肩部上。
泡罩包装的基底的内部部分(将要粘附到盖子上)有时由ACLARTMPTFE(聚氯三氟乙烯)-一种非常昂贵并且不太具有最佳氧阻隔性能的材料-制成。对于1mil厚度而言,该材料展现出通常为约0.4g/m2的水蒸气传输率(MVTR)。基底的外部部分通常是约250微米(10mil)厚度的PVC(聚氯乙烯)。PVC、聚酰胺、聚烯烃、聚酯是可用于制造基底的其他材料。可以将铝箔添加在基底上。
盖子通常由铝箔或铝箔层压物制成。铝箔是用于泡罩包装上的盖子的优选材料,因为所使用的该材料的厚度需要相对小的力以使得其破裂。因此,穿透能低并且铝基本不展现出弹性。塑料层压物也可用于所述盖子。
一些泡罩包装的特征在于在每一凹槽区域中提供有弱化线的盖子。换言之,每一凹槽可以用单独的盖子片段覆盖。在弱化线内或者在每一盖子片段上可以有用于把持的突舌(tab),其使得通过将盖子片段向后剥开而暴露单个凹槽。
对于一些应用例如对氧气和水分敏感的药品的泡罩包装而言,在能够提供具有低水蒸气传输率(MVTR)以及低的氧气传输率(OTR)的包装薄膜的PVdC组合物中提供偏二氯乙烯共聚物-通常称为“萨冉树脂(saran)”或“PVdC”-是理想的。
在配制PVdC-基组合物中通常使用稳定剂。在挤出期间,这些稳定剂减少PVdC制剂的热降解。不幸的是,在设计这类制剂中有时必须对OTR和热稳定性进行折衷。因此,具有增加数量的稳定剂的组合物将有时导致增强的热稳定性,但却是以氧气阻隔性能为代价。相反,通过降低制剂中稳定剂的相对数量可以获得改进的(较低的)OTR,但这可能导致不太稳定的PVdC组合物。
以其整体在此引入作为参考的美国专利No.6,673,406(Bekele)披露了一种组合物和薄膜,其中将亲水性粘土例如改性的蒙脱土与PVdC共混,并且将该共混物引入具有至少一层的聚合物薄膜中。
纳米硅酸盐可以以天然(粘土)或合成等级而获得。
已经发现当大量共混到PVdC中时,天然等级的分散会比较差。由于这种差的分散性,由这种PVdC/天然纳米硅酸盐共混物制得的薄膜的氧气阻隔性能将不一定得到增强。
改性等级的纳米硅酸盐具有比天然等级更好的分散特性,并且因此通常具有更好的氧气阻隔性质。然而,用于改性纳米硅酸盐的表面处理是基于烷基季铵氯化物。与该盐的烷基组分无关,已经发现该材料负面影响了将其共混到其中的PVdC的热稳定性。
还已经发现当使用挤出涂覆工艺(extrusion coating process)时,对于天然和改性等级的纳米硅酸盐而言都存在填充限制。挤出涂覆是公知的用于制备包含PVdC的可收缩袋的工艺。一般而言,在挤出涂覆工艺中,少于4wt%的PVdC共混物可由纳米硅酸盐组成。
因此希望解决由将纳米硅酸盐大量共混到PVdC中而引起的分散性、热稳定性和填充问题。
发明概述
在第一方面中,一种组合物包含聚偏二氯乙烯层化的(layered)硅酸盐纳米复合材料。
在第二方面中,一种聚合物薄膜包括至少一层,该至少一层包含聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料。
在第三方面中,一种聚合物薄膜包括至少一层,该至少一层包含聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料组合物,该组合物包含:以组合物重量计100份聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料;以组合物重量计0.1-10份稳定剂;和以组合物重量计0.1-10份聚合物加工助剂。
在第四方面中,一种聚合物薄膜包括至少一层,该至少一层包含聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料组合物,该组合物包含:以组合物重量计100份聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料;和以组合物重量计0.1-10份脂肪酸皂。
在第五方面中,一种泡罩包装包括基底,该基底包括多个凹槽和包围所述凹槽的肩部;与所述肩部相连的盖子;和放置于各凹槽中的内容物;其中基底和盖子至少之一包括聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料组合物,该组合物包含:以组合物重量计100份聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料;以组合物重量计0.1-10份稳定剂;和以组合物重量计0.1-10份聚合物加工助剂。
在第六方面中,一种泡罩包装包括基底,该基底包括多个凹槽和包围所述凹槽的肩部;与所述肩部相连的盖子;和放置于各凹槽中的内容物;其中基底和盖子至少之一包括聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料组合物,该组合物包含:以组合物重量计100份聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料;和以组合物重量计0.1-10份脂肪酸皂。
在第七方面中,一种聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料组合物包含:以组合物重量计100份聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料;以组合物重量计0.1-10份稳定剂;和以组合物重量计0.1-10份聚合物加工助剂。
在第八方面中,一种聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料组合物包含:以组合物重量计100份聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料;和以组合物重量计0.1-10份脂肪酸皂。
定义
“聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料”和“PVdC层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料”等在本文中是指在悬浮方法和/或乳液方法中原位制备的聚合物。这种原位方法使得聚合物能够穿透,从而导致硅酸盐晶体有限膨胀,制得插层的(intercalated)聚合物/粘土杂化物(hybrids)。伴随着剥落,实现了大量的聚合物穿透和硅酸盐微晶的分层,得到悬浮于PVdC基质中的纳米尺度的硅酸盐层。在制备所述聚合物的方法中,在聚合之前将纳米粘土高极性含水分散液预先分散在单体预混物中。所述纳米粘土可以是高岭土、滑石、绿土、蛭石或云母。所述纳米粘土的所述预先分散体可以高达悬浮液总单体含量的10wt%。在制得预混物之后,进行常规的聚合和后聚合步骤。结果是偏二氯乙烯共聚物,具有偏二氯乙烯单体和例如氯乙烯、苯乙烯、乙酸乙烯酯、丙烯腈和(甲基)丙烯酸C1-C12烷基酯(例如丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯等)的共聚单体,以及还包括以组合物重量计至多10%的纳米硅酸盐。
“(甲基)丙烯酸”在本文中是指丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸;
“(甲基)丙烯酸酯”在本文中是指丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯;
“聚合物”在本文中是指聚合反应的产物,并且包括均聚物、共聚物、三元共聚物、四元共聚物等;
“共聚物”在本文中是指通过至少两种不同单体的聚合反应形成的聚合物,并且包括无规共聚物、嵌段共聚物、接枝共聚物等;
“乙烯/α-烯烃共聚物”(EAO)在本文中是指乙烯与一种或多种选自C3-C10α-烯烃的共聚单体例如丙烯、丁烯-1、己烯-1、辛烯-1等的共聚物,其中该共聚物的分子包含具有相对少的由与乙烯反应的α-烯烃产生的侧链支链的长聚合物链。这种分子结构与常规高压低或中密度聚乙烯形成对照,常规高压低或中密度聚乙烯相对于EAO而言是高度支化的并且该高压聚乙烯包含长链和短链支链两者。EAO包括多相材料,例如线型中密度聚乙烯(LMDPE)、线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)以及极低和超低密度聚乙烯(VLDPE和ULDPE),例如由Dow提供的DOWLEXTM或ATTANETM树脂,由Exxon提供的ESCORENETM或EXCEEDTM树脂;以及线型均相乙烯/α-烯烃共聚物(HEAO),例如由Mitsui Petrochemical Corporation提供的TAFMERTM树脂,由Exxon提供的EXACTTM树脂,或由Dow Chemical Company提供的长链支化的(HEAO)AFFINITYTM树脂,或者由DuPont Dow Elastomers提供的ENGAGETM树脂;
“包装”在本文中是指配置在产品周围的薄膜;
“薄膜”在本文中是指具有0.50mm(20mil)或更小例如0.25mm(10mil)或更小的厚度的塑料片材料;
“密封层”在本文中是指可以参予到薄膜与其本身或另一层的密封中的薄膜层;
“密封”在本文中是指通过将相应的表面加热(例如借助于加热棒、热空气、红外辐射、超声密封等)到至少它们相应的密封起始温度而产生的第一薄膜表面与第二薄膜表面的粘结;
“阻隔层”在本文中是指可以显著地阻碍一种或多种气体(例如O2)传送的薄膜层;
“机械损伤层”在本文中是指可以抵抗磨损、刺穿和/或降低包装完整性的其他潜在原因和/或降低包装表观质量的潜在原因的薄膜层;
“粘结层”在本文中是指可以向包括非粘结或弱粘结聚合物的相邻层提供夹层粘结的薄膜层;
“本体层(bulk layer)”在本文中是指可以提高薄膜的抗机械损伤性、韧性或模量的薄膜层;
“层合”在本文中是指例如通过使用聚氨酯粘合剂将两个或多个薄膜层彼此粘结;
“总自由收缩”是指如在1990 Annual Book of ASTM Standards,08.02卷,368-371中的描述,根据ASTM D 2732(其整个披露内容在此引入作为参考)进行的定量测量,当在规定的测试温度例如85℃(185)下收缩时,10cm×10cm薄膜样条的百分比尺寸变化。“总自由收缩”是指在纵向和横向上自由收缩的总量。
“机器方向”在本文中是指沿着薄膜长度的方向,即在薄膜挤出和/或涂覆形成期间的薄膜的方向;和
“横向”在本文中是指跨越薄膜的方向,即与机器方向垂直的方向。
“线型低密度聚乙烯”(LLDPE)在本文中是指通过Zeigler/Natta催化制备的具有0.917-0.925克/每立方厘米的密度的聚乙烯。
“线型中密度聚乙烯”(LMDPE)在本文中是指通过Zeigler/Natta催化制备的具有0.926克/每立方厘米-0.939克/每立方厘米的密度的聚乙烯。
当描述给定的薄膜的取向度时,使用术语“取向比”(即薄膜在几个方向上,通常是彼此垂直的两个方向上取向程度的乘积)。在机器方向上的取向被称为“牵引”,而在横向方向上的取向被称为“拉伸”。对于通过环形模头挤出的薄膜而言,通过吹制薄膜以产生气泡而实现拉伸。对于这类薄膜,借助于使薄膜通过两组有动力装置的夹辊而实现牵引-下游组具有比上游组更高的表面速度,所得的牵引比是下游夹辊组的表面速度除以上游夹辊组的表面速度。
本文中使用的所有组成百分比均以“重量”基础示出,除非另外说明。
附图简述
下面参照附图详细描述本发明的实施方案,其中:
图1是单层薄膜的示意性横截面;
图2是两层薄膜的示意性横截面;
图3是三层薄膜的示意性横截面;
图4是四层薄膜的示意性横截面;
图5示出了贯穿泡罩包装的纵向截面;
图6示出了图5的泡罩包装的平面图;
图7示出了贯穿图6的泡罩包装的横截面;和
图8示出了图6的泡罩包装的放大局部横截面图。
发明详述
原位聚合
粘土是天然形成的矿物并且因此它们的组成十分可变。粘土的纯度将影响最终的复合材料性能。许多粘土是具有片状层化结构并且由以各种方式连接到氧化铝AlO6八面体上的二氧化硅SiO4四面体组成的铝硅酸盐。2∶1的四面体∶八面体得到绿土粘土。在绿土当中,最常见的是蒙脱土(膨润土)。其他金属例如镁可以代替晶体结构中的铝。这些镁硅酸盐粘土是水辉石。取决于粘土的组成,所述片或层在表面上和在边缘上带有电荷。该电荷被部分位于粘土的层间间隔中的抗衡离子平衡。所述层或片晶(platelets)的厚度为1nm的数量级并且纵横比范围为100-1500。所述片晶的分子量[1.3×108]显著大于大多数聚合物。此外,片晶并不是完全刚性的而是具有一定柔韧度。它们还具有非常高的表面积-几百平方米/克。它们还能够有离子交换能力。由于它们的电荷性质,粘土通常是高度亲水性的物类并且因此它们与聚合物体系不相容。因此,使粘土与聚合物相容的一个必然要求是改变它们的极性并且使得它们亲有机物质。这通过亲水性粘土与有机阳离子例如烷基铵离子的离子交换而实现。在蒙脱土中,粘土中的钠离子可以交换氨基酸例如12-氨基十二烷酸[ADA]。
Na+-粘土+HO2C-R-NH3+Cl-→HO2C-R-NH3 +-粘土+NaCl
除了蒙脱土和水辉石之外,其他合成粘土例如水滑石可以非常纯的形式制备并且可以在片晶上带有正电荷。
最终的纳米复合材料可以被插层或片状剥离。
在插层体系中,可以将有机聚合物(PVdC)插入粘土层之间以使得片晶之间的间隔膨胀,但所述层仍然保持彼此之间良好限定的空间关系。
在片状剥离中,片晶完全分离并且单个的层分布在整个聚合物(PVdC)基质中。
通过改变粘土的表面极性,氧离子可以使得聚合物前体热力学有利地穿透到层间区域中。氧离子促进粘土分层的能力取决于其化学性质例如其极性。对于带正电荷的粘土例如水滑石而言,通过使用离子表面活性剂代替盐改性。其他类型的粘土改性包括离子-偶极相互作用、硅烷偶联剂以及使用嵌段共聚物和接枝共聚物。
与本发明相关的PVdC-纳米粘土纳米复合材料可以通过自由基悬浮聚合或自由基乳液聚合而制备。使用合适的悬浮剂将纳米粘土浆液预先分散在水相中并且pH调节至6-8。当聚合物转化率达到至少20%时,将该浆液泵送到聚合反应器中。在该纳米粘土浆液加入后反应继续,直到达到所希望的聚合物转化率。
可以使用的另一种方法是在达到规定的聚合物转化率并且终止反应之后将纳米粘土浆液加入反应器中。
在这两种情形中,保持合适的反应搅拌,或者如果体系的粘度升高则增加反应搅拌,并且应该允许足够的时间以实现所希望的纳米粘土片状剥离。
可以采用典型的PVdC悬浮聚合步骤。这些步骤包括准备单体例如偏二氯乙烯(CH2=CCl2)和氯乙烯,以及使用水、引发剂、悬浮剂、抗氧化剂等。单体单元也可以衍生自苯乙烯、乙酸乙烯酯、丙烯腈和(甲基)丙烯酸C1-C12烷基酯(例如丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯等)。PVdC(萨冉树脂)的制备是本领域公知的。反应器的准备包括用氮气吹扫、加热至反应温度,在所希望的搅拌速度下搅拌水、单体和其他添加剂的混合物。然后开始反应,并且将反应带至所确定的转化率。
在反应结束后,可以从聚合物中除去未反应的单体、清洗并且与水分离,以及干燥。然后将干燥的纳米复合材料用合适的加工添加剂配制并且制成薄膜。加工添加剂可以是反应器加入或者稍后共混。
本说明书的图1示出了具有单层11的单层薄膜10。
层11包括本发明的聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料。
图2示出了具有层21和层22的两层薄膜20。
层21包括上面披露的用于图1的层11的聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料。
层22可以包括任何合适的聚合物材料,例如热塑性聚合物材料,例如烯烃系聚合物,例如乙烯系聚合物,例如乙烯系均聚物或共聚物,例如乙烯/α-烯烃共聚物,例如多相或均相乙烯/α-烯烃共聚物。
层22可以包括烯烃系聚合物或共聚物,例如乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物;乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物;乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物;离聚物;丙烯均聚物和共聚物;以及丁烯均聚物和共聚物。
在本文中披露用于层22的任何材料的共混物可以包括在层22中。
图3示出了具有层31、32和33的三层薄膜30。
层31包括上面披露的用于图1的层11的聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料。
层32和33包括上面披露的用于图2的层22的任何聚合物。
层32和33可以相同或者可以不同。差异可以是组成、一种或多种物理性能、厚度、添加剂的数量或种类、交联度或取向程度等。例如,层32可以包括含有6%乙酸乙烯酯的乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯,而层33可以包括含有9%乙酸乙烯酯的乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯。作为另一个例子,层32可以包括含有6%乙酸乙烯酯的乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯,而层33可以包括乙烯/α-烯烃共聚物。因此可以将根据本发明的薄膜结构描述为A/B/A或者A/B/C,其中A、B和C各自表示多层薄膜的不同层。
根据本发明一个实施方案的多层薄膜结构具有至少4个层。这类薄膜40(参见图4)包括密封层43、本体层44、包含所述聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料的O2阻隔层41,和机械损伤层42。层43、41和42在组成上可以对应于前面的图的层22、32和33的任一个。本体层44可以设置于密封层43和O2阻隔层41之间,并且O2阻隔层41可以设置于本体层44与机械损伤层42之间。如果需要,可以将包含聚合物粘合剂的层设置于密封层43与本体层44之间以及设置在O2阻隔层41与机械损伤层42之间。
本体层44可以包括披露的用于图3的层32和33的任何材料。
本发明的薄膜可以具有任何所希望的总厚度,只要薄膜为预期最终应用提供所希望的性能。厚度可以为0.1-20密耳,例如0.3-16密耳、0.5-12密耳、0.7-8密耳、1.0-6密耳和1.3-4密耳。
图6示出了用于包装药物产品例如药片的常规泡罩包装50。在基底56的肩部54,盖子52与基底56相连(还参见图5)。各自被设计为容纳药片、胶囊或其他药物产品的多个凹槽58被盖子52覆盖。常规地,盖子52是金属或金属化的箔片。图5示出了贯穿泡罩包装50的纵截面。在肩部54,带有凹槽58的基底56与盖子52接触。在肩部54的区域中,例如通过密封或粘合剂粘结(为清楚起见没有示出密封/粘合剂)而将盖子52连接在基底56上。图7示出了贯穿带有其基底56、盖子52和凹槽58的泡罩包装50的横截面。
图8示出了使用本发明薄膜的泡罩包装50的放大局部截面图。基底56由内膜62和外膜60组成。
内膜62包括本发明的薄膜。薄膜62可以是对折的扁平薄膜(collapsed lay-flat film)。对于药物应用而言,该薄膜可以提供优良的(低)MVTR以及低OTR。
外膜60可以是任何合适的薄膜,例如用于一些泡罩包装中的PVC(聚氯乙烯)薄膜。
作为选择,基底可以包括包含本发明的薄膜的单个薄膜,而不需要另外的薄膜60。
在另一种选择中,本发明的薄膜可以包括外膜,并且另一个薄膜可以形成内膜62。
本领域那些技术人员将理解的是可以进行多种组合,只要本发明的薄膜存在于基底中即可。
在仍然另一个实施方案中,本发明的薄膜可以形成泡罩包装的盖子,并且常规的箔片或塑料薄膜可以形成基底。
薄膜62和60可以通过任何合适的方式例如层压、共挤出、挤出涂覆、挤出层压、热密封、胶粘等而粘结在一起。
本泡罩包装的基底可以压花、深冲或真空成型。
在一个实施方案中,盖子可以包括铝箔或包含铝箔的层合物,或者展现出低弹性和差的拉伸性能的塑料。
基底可以具有例如6-30个杯或盘形式的凹槽。所述凹槽被肩部包围,所述肩部形成相互连接的平面。可以将基底制备成例如在凹槽中带有内容物的无限长的条带,并且使其与同样是无线长条带形式的盖子(特别是盖子箔片的形式)合并在一起。盖子完全覆盖基底并且例如通过密封或粘合剂粘结而在肩部与基底相连。所述盖子可以在整个区域密封地或粘合地粘结在肩部上,或者选择用于该目的的特殊密封工具或粘结模式,该密封或粘结可以仅仅是部分的。随后可以将无限长的有盖子的基底条带切割成所希望的尺寸。这可以例如使用冲压工具实施。同时,可以给予泡罩包装外部轮廓,或者可以在盖子材料或基底中提供弱化以使得泡罩包装弯曲或者产生盖子片段,使得可容易地去除盖子片段和取出内容物。
本发明的聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料可以包括任何合适的含偏二氯乙烯的共聚物,即包括衍生自偏二氯乙烯(CH2=CCl2)的单体单元以及衍生自氯乙烯、苯乙烯、乙酸乙烯酯、丙烯腈和(甲基)丙烯酸C1-C12烷基酯(例如丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯等)中的一种或多种的单体单元的共聚物。因此,合适的PVdC树脂包括例如偏二氯乙烯/氯乙烯共聚物、偏二氯乙烯/丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、偏二氯乙烯/丙烯腈共聚物、偏二氯乙烯/丙烯酸丁酯共聚物、偏二氯乙烯/苯乙烯共聚物和偏二氯乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物中的一种或多种。偏二氯乙烯单体的重量百分比优选为不包括纳米硅酸盐含量的共聚物的75-96wt%;第二单体例如氯乙烯的重量百分比优选为不包括纳米硅酸盐含量的共聚物的4-25wt%。
本发明的稳定剂可以包括以下物质的一种或多种:
1)环氧化的化合物,例如表氯醇/双酚A、环氧化豆油、环氧化亚麻子油、环氧化亚麻子油脂肪酸丁酯、环氧化树脂酸辛酯、环氧化二油酸二醇酯等,和它们的混合物;
2)氧化聚乙烯;
3)磷酸2-乙基己基二苯基酯;
4)氯化聚乙烯;
5)四乙二醇二(2-乙基己酸酯);
6)弱无机酸的金属盐,例如焦磷酸四钠;
7)脂肪酸皂,例如蓖麻醇酸钙;和
8)水滑石,例如羟基碳酸镁铝,可以商标DHT4ATM从MITSUITM获得,或者从Kisuma Chemicals获得的ALCAMIZERTM 1。
环氧化的化合物的商业例子包括表氯醇/双酚A-一种可作为EPONTM 828从Shell获得的环氧树脂;环氧化豆油,可作为VIKOFLEXTM7177从Viking Chemical Company获得;环氧化亚麻子油,可作为VIKOFLEXTM 7190从Viking Chemical Company获得;环氧化亚麻子油脂肪酸丁酯,可作为VIKOFLEXTM 9040从Viking Chemical Company获得的;环氧化树脂酸辛酯,可作为Monoplex S-73从C.P.Hall Company获得;和环氧化二油酸二醇酯,可作为MONOPLEXTM S-75从C.P.HallCompany获得。
稳定剂可以占本发明的聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料组合物的0.1、0.5、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10重量份,例如为本发明的聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料组合物的0.5-5重量份,例如1-3重量份,例如1.5-2重量份。
稳定剂的商业例子包括FERROTM PLASCHEKTM 775,其是一种环氧化豆油,和可从Acme-Hardesty Company获得的蓖麻醇酸钙。
本发明的聚合物加工助剂可以包括以下物质的一种或多种:
1)脂肪酸皂,例如蓖麻醇酸钙;
2)具有丙烯酸酯共聚单体的三元共聚物,例如甲基丙烯酸甲酯/丙烯酸丁酯/苯乙烯三元共聚物;甲基丙烯酸甲酯/丙烯酸丁酯/甲基丙烯酸丁酯三元共聚物;或其共混物;
3)正-(2-羟乙基)-1 2-羟基硬脂酰胺;和
4)单蓖麻醇酸丙二醇酯。
聚合物加工助剂可以占本发明的聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料组合物的0.1、0.5、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10重量份;例如所述聚合物加工助剂占本发明的聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料组合物的0.5-5重量份,例如1-3重量份,例如1.5-2重量份。
聚合物加工助剂的商业例子是ELF ATOCHEMTM METABLENTML1000-一种丙烯酸系聚合物加工助剂。
应注意的是脂肪酸皂例如蓖麻醇酸钙可以充当稳定剂和聚合物加工助剂。在该实施方案中,所述脂肪酸皂可以占本发明的聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料组合物的0.1、0.5、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10重量份。例如,脂肪酸皂可以占本发明的聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料组合物的0.5-5重量份,例如1-3重量份,例如1.5-2重量份。
其他共稳定聚合物加工助剂可以任选地包括在组合物中,例如HENKELTM LOXIOLTM VPG1732-一种高分子量复合酯,和CASCHEMTM CASTOWAXTMNF-一种氢化蓖麻油。
本发明的纳米硅酸盐可以包括页硅酸盐类(phyllosilicate group)的一种或多种粘土,包括以下物质的一种或多种:
1)二-八面体粘土,例如蒙脱土、贝得石和囊脱石,和
2)三-八面体粘土,例如皂石、水辉石和锌蒙脱石;
并且特别是这些粘土的氧离子改性的形式。
所述纳米硅酸盐可以占本发明的聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料组合物的0.1、0.5、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10重量份,例如该纳米硅酸盐可以占本发明的聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料组合物的0.5-8重量份,例如1-5重量份,例如1.5-4重量份。
纳米硅酸盐的商业例子包括:CLOISITETM 20A和CLOISITETM 15A-得自Southern Clay Products的氧离子改性的蒙脱土粘土;NANOMERTM 1.31PS-得自Nanocor的氧离子改性的蒙脱土粘土;BENTONETM 107和BENTONETM 111-膨润土粘土(绿土的子集);BENTONETM 108和BENTONETM 166-水辉石粘土(也是绿土的子集,可从Elementis Specialties得到的BENTONETM粘土);可从Nanova LLC获得的组成为Mg3SiO10(OH)2的纳米滑石;和可从Argonne NationalLaboratory获得的纳米滑石(页硅酸盐)。
任选地,本发明的组合物和薄膜可以包括酸(氯化氢)清除剂。如果存在,该酸清除剂可以占本发明的聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料组合物的0.1-4重量份,例如0.5-2重量份。
酸清除剂的商业例子是MITSUITM DHT4A-一种具有式Mg4.5Al2(OH)13CO33.5H2O的羟基碳酸镁铝。一种可作为选择的材料是焦磷酸四钠(TSPP)。
可以通过在一对加热辊之间或者在加热的混合室内加工组合物而进行本发明的聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料组合物的总热稳定性的测量。由于剪切降解和温度导致的降解而因此产生显著变黑的聚合物所需要的时间是组合物热稳定性效力的量度。在混合设备例如在约168℃(335)和63转/分钟下运行的BRABENDERTM共混机中,商业可接受的偏二氯乙烯共聚物共混物表现出至少10分钟的热稳定时间。
本发明的组合物可以以本领域那些普通技术人员已知的许多方法的任一种进行挤出和加工以形成薄膜或多层薄膜的层,例如通过披露于美国专利3,741,253(Brax等)、4,278,738(Brax等)和4,284,458(Schirmer)中的方法,所有这些文献的全部内容在此引入作为参考。因此,制备具有氧气阻隔层的薄膜的任何合适方法都可用于制备根据本发明的薄膜,只要该方法使用上述的聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料组合物。合适的方法包括管状流延共挤出,例如在以其整体在此引入作为参考的美国专利4,551,380[Schoenberg]中所示,管状或扁平流延挤出,或者通过本领域公知技术的吹塑挤出(用于单层薄膜)或者共挤出(用于多层薄膜)。多层薄膜可以通过所有薄膜层的共挤出、挤出涂覆、挤出层压、电晕粘结或常规的层压而制备。制备具有PVdC层的多层薄膜的方法披露于1978年9月5日授权的Baird,Jr等的美国专利No.4,112,181中,该专利的全部内容在此引入作为参考。该专利描述了一种共挤出管状薄膜的方法,其中管壁具有至少三个层,中心层是PVdC层。随后通过截泡技术(trapped bubble technique)将管状薄膜双轴取向。该3层薄膜可以通过电子束照射而交联。
一种令人满意的制备多层萨冉树脂薄膜的方法披露于1973年6月26日授权的Brax等的美国专利No.3,741,253中,该专利的全部内容在此引入作为参考,其披露了一种具有PVdC阻隔层的多层双轴取向薄膜。该薄膜通过挤出涂覆工艺制备-其中将聚合物例如聚乙烯或乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物的一层或多层基材层以管的形式挤出、通过辐照交联,并且使其膨胀。将PVdC层挤出涂覆在膨胀的管上,并且将另一个聚合物层或另一些聚合物层同时或依次挤出涂覆在PVdC上。在冷却后,将该多层管状结构整平并且卷起。然后使管膨胀并且加热至其取向温度,由此使薄膜双轴取向。将气泡迅速冷却以使取向定形。该方法制得了具有低氧气渗透性的可热收缩阻隔薄膜。并且,不需要将PVdC层进行辐照(这容易使萨冉树脂分解)就提供了交联薄膜的优点。在Brax等的专利的实施例中阻隔层是偏二氯乙烯和氯乙烯的增塑共聚物。
本发明的薄膜可以是交联的或非交联的、取向的或非取向的、可热收缩或不可热收缩的。在薄膜可热收缩的情况下,其在85℃(185)下具有10-100%的总自由收缩。可以将本发明的整个或部分薄膜进行辐照以引起交联。在辐照过程中,将薄膜进行能量辐射处理,例如电晕放电、等离子体、火焰、紫外线、X-射线、γ射线、β射线和高能电子处理,这在被辐照的材料的分子之间引起交联。合适的剂量水平可以通过本领域那些普通技术人员已知的标准剂量测定方法确定,并且使用的辐照的确切数量当然取决于特定的薄膜结构和其最终应用。可以在0.5-15兆拉德(MR)(5-150K戈瑞)例如1-12MR的水平下对薄膜进行辐照。聚合物薄膜辐照的进一步的细节可以在例如美国专利4,064,296(Bornstein等)、4,120,716(Bonet)和4,879,430(Hoffman)中找到,所有这些的全部内容在此引入作为参考。
本发明的薄膜可以通过管状共挤出和通过挤出涂覆制备。在后一种情形中,将基材挤出或共挤出,任选地进行辐照,然后任选地拉伸取向;并且然后将本文中披露的聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料的层,任选地与至少一个另外的层,挤出涂覆在所述基材上。
本发明的薄膜可以具有以下结构:
薄膜结构 |
A/B |
A/C |
B/A/B |
C/A/C |
C/A/B |
B/A/D/B |
C/A/D/C |
C/A/D/B |
其中:
A=聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料
B、C和D=上面披露的分别用于图4的层43、44和42的任何材料。
用于制造根据本发明的薄膜的聚合物组分还可以含有合适数量的通常包括在这类组合物中或者与这类组合物共混的其他添加剂。这些包括增滑剂、抗氧化剂、填料、染料、颜料、辐射稳定剂、抗静电剂、弹性体和在包装薄膜领域中的那些技术人员已知的其他添加剂。
本发明的多层薄膜可以具有所希望的任何总层数和任何总厚度,只要该薄膜对于其中使用该薄膜的特定包装操作提供所希望的性能。
包含PVdC(聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料)的薄膜层可以被辐射最高至15MR的剂量水平,而薄膜没有显著变化(降解)。然而,产生了氯化物种并且可能不被FDA接受。
正如本领域那些技术人员已知的那样,包含衍生自偏二氯乙烯和丙烯酸甲酯的单体单元的聚合物的使用降低了对辐照对PVdC的降解影响。
可以将本发明的薄膜层压、粘合粘结、挤出涂覆或者挤出层压在基材上以形成层合物。可以通过用粘合剂粘结各层、借助于热和压力而粘结各层,并且甚至使用刷涂和挤出涂覆来实现层合。
本发明的薄膜尤其适用于其中保护待包装的产品免于接触大气O2的包装应用。更特别地,根据本发明的薄膜尤其可用作药品的泡罩包装、用作适合作为阻隔袋的薄膜,和用作适用于补丁包(patch bag)的薄膜。
可以使用上面披露的PVdC组合物和由其制备的薄膜通过常规技术并且以常规的包装形式制备泡罩包装。
表1
聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料的
特征OTR和MVTR数据表格
实施例 | 组合物 | OTR,cc.mil/sq.m.day.atm73F和0%RH | MVTR,g.mil/sq.m100F和100%RH | 注释 |
比较例1 | VDC/MA1 100phrESO2 2phrPA3 2phr | 3.8 | 1.30 | US6673406比较例1,表1 |
比较例2 | VDC/MA1 100phrESO 2phrPA 2phrCLOISITETM 20A4 2phr | 2.4 | 0.99 | US6673406实施例1,表1 |
比较例3 | VDC/MA1 100phrESO 2phrPA 2phrCloisite 20A 4phr | 2.0 | 0.83 | US6673406实施例2,表1 |
1 | VDC/MA1 100phrESO 2phrPA 2phrCloisite Na+5 2phr | 0.90 | 0.30 | 原位悬浮聚合纳米复合材料 |
2 | VDC/MA 100phrESO 2phrPA 2phrBentone ND6 2phr | 0.85 | 0.28 | 原位悬浮聚合纳米复合材料 |
3 | VDC/MA1 100phrESO 2phrPA 2phr纳米滑石7 2phr | 0.80 | 0.24 | 原位悬浮聚合纳米复合材料 |
4 | VDC/MA1 100phrESO 2phrPA 2phr纳米滑石7 4phr | 0.60 | 0.18 | 原位悬浮聚合纳米复合材料 |
5 | VDC/MA1 100phrESO 2phrPA 2phr纳米滑石7 8phr | 0.50 | 0.15 | 原位悬浮聚合纳米复合材料 |
6 | VDC/MA8 100phrESO 2phrPA 2phr纳米滑石7 2phr | 0.40 | 0.16 | 原位悬浮聚合纳米复合材料 |
7 | VDC/MA8 100phrESO 2phrPA 2phr纳米滑石7 4phr | 0.25 | 0.10 | 原位悬浮聚合纳米复合材料 |
8 | VDC/VC9 100phrESO 1phrAS10 1phr纳米滑石7 4phr | 0.80 | 0.25 | 原位悬浮聚合纳米复合材料 |
9 | VDC/MA8 100phrESO 1phrAS10 1phr纳米滑石7 4phr | 0.15 | 0.08 | 原位悬浮聚合纳米复合材料 |
表1的注解
1:6-9wt%MA共聚单体
2:环氧化豆油
3:聚合物加工助剂
4:用有机季铵盐表面处理的绿土粘土[蒙脱土]
5:得自Southern Clay Products Inc的天然绿土
6:得自Elementis Specialties的天然蒙脱土
7:得自Argonne National Labs的页硅酸盐纳米滑石
8:3-6wt%MA共聚单体
9:VDC-VC,其中氯乙烯的wt%为VDC-VC共聚物的8-14wt%
10:AS是酸清除剂
还应注意“phr”是指磅/每100(重量单位)材料。因此举例来说,在第一比较例的薄膜中,当量为100磅的VDC/MA树脂与2磅ESO材料和2磅聚合物加工助剂共混。与phr等价的是“重量份”。对于这些实施例,与纳米滑石(纳米硅酸盐)分开列出VDC/MA以示出存在于实施例中的每一材料的相对数量,但应理解的是实际上纳米硅酸盐形成聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料结构的一部分。
另外的实施例
实施例10
通过热吹塑工艺作为环形管共挤出四层薄膜,该薄膜具有以下结构:
EVA1/EVA2/PVdC/EVA2
其中:
EVA1=可作为PE1335TM从Huntsman获得的具有3.3wt%乙酸乙烯酯含量的EVA
PVdC=聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料
EVA2=可作为ELVAXTM3182-2从DuPont获得的具有28wt%乙酸乙烯酯含量的EVA
在挤出后,管状共挤出物折叠在其本身上形成具有以下结构的平折薄膜:
EVA1/EVA2/PVdC/EVA2//EVA2/PVdC/EVA2/EVA1
每一PVdC层的优选厚度为0.75密耳。
实施例11
通过流延共挤出工艺制备类似于前面实施例的四层薄膜,但其中外EVA1层用LLDPE代替。由此薄膜具有以下结构:
LLDPE/EVA2/PVdC/EVA2
各自可用于该实施例的两种商业LLDPE树脂是各自都可从Dow获得的DOWLEX 2045.03和DOWLEX 2045.04。这两种的每一种都是具有6.5wt%辛烯含量和0.920g/cc密度的乙烯/辛烯-1共聚物。
Claims (20)
1.一种包括至少一层的聚合物薄膜,该至少一层包括包含以下物质的聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料组合物:
a)以组合物重量计100份聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料;
b)以组合物重量计0.1-10份稳定剂;和
c)以组合物重量计0.1-10份聚合物加工助剂。
2.权利要求1的薄膜,其中所述稳定剂选自:
a)环氧化的化合物;
b)氧化聚乙烯;
c)磷酸2-乙基己基二苯基酯;
d)氯化聚乙烯;
e)四乙二醇二(2-乙基己酸酯);
f)弱无机酸的金属盐;和
g)水滑石。
3.权利要求2的薄膜,其中所述环氧化的化合物选自:表氯醇/双酚A、环氧化豆油、环氧化亚麻子油、环氧化亚麻子油脂肪酸丁酯、环氧化树脂酸辛酯和环氧化二油酸二醇酯。
4.权利要求1的薄膜,其中所述聚合物加工助剂选自:
a)具有丙烯酸酯共聚单体的三元共聚物;
b)正(2-羟乙基)-12-羟基硬脂酰胺;和
c)单蓖麻醇酸丙二醇酯。
5.权利要求4的薄膜,其中具有丙烯酸酯共聚单体的三元共聚物选自甲基丙烯酸甲酯/丙烯酸丁酯/苯乙烯三元共聚物;和甲基丙烯酸甲酯/丙烯酸丁酯/甲基丙烯酸丁酯三元共聚物。
6.权利要求1的薄膜,其中所述聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料包含页硅酸盐类的亲水性粘土,该粘土选自:
a)二-八面体粘土;和
b)三-八面体粘土。
7.权利要求6的薄膜,其中所述亲水性粘土选自蒙脱土、贝得石和囊脱石。
8.权利要求6的薄膜,其中所述亲水性粘土用氧离子改性。
9.权利要求1的薄膜,其中该组合物包含酸清除剂。
10.一种包括至少一层的聚合物薄膜,该至少一层包括聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料组合物,该组合物包含:
a)以组合物重量计100份聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料;和
b)以组合物重量计0.1-10份脂肪酸皂。
11.权利要求10的聚合物薄膜,其中所述脂肪酸皂包括蓖麻醇酸钙。
12.权利要求10的薄膜,其中所述聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料包含页硅酸盐类的亲水性粘土,该粘土选自:
a)二-八面体粘土;和
b)三-八面体粘土。
13.权利要求12的薄膜,其中所述亲水性粘土选自蒙脱土、贝得石和囊脱石。
14.权利要求12的薄膜,其中所述亲水性粘土用氧离子改性。
15.权利要求10的薄膜,其中所述组合物包含酸清除剂。
16.一种泡罩包装,其包括:
a)基底,该基底包括
i)多个凹槽,和
ii)包围所述凹槽的肩部;
b)与肩部相连的盖子;和
c)放置于各凹槽中的内容物;
其中基底和盖子至少之一包括聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料组合物,该组合物包含:
i)以组合物重量计100份聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料;
ii)以组合物重量计0.1-10份稳定剂;和
iii)以组合物重量计0.1-10份聚合物加工助剂。
17.权利要求16的泡罩包装,其中所述稳定剂选自:
a)环氧化的化合物;
b)氧化聚乙烯;
c)磷酸2-乙基己基二苯基酯;
d)氯化聚乙烯;
e)四乙二醇二(2-乙基己酸酯);
f)弱无机酸的金属盐;和
g)水滑石。
18.权利要求16的泡罩包装,其中所述聚合物加工助剂选自:
a)包含丙烯酸酯共聚单体的三元共聚物;
b)正(2-羟乙基)-12-羟基硬脂酰胺;和
c)单蓖麻醇酸丙二醇酯。
19.权利要求16的泡罩包装,其中所述聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料包含绿土类的亲水性粘土,该粘土选自:
a)二-八面体粘土;和
b)三-八面体粘土。
20.一种泡罩包装,其包括:
a)基底,该基底包括
i)多个凹槽,和
ii)包围所述凹槽的肩部;
b)与肩部相连的盖子;和
c)放置于各凹槽中的内容物;
其中基底和盖子至少之一包括聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料组合物,该组合物包含:
i)以组合物重量计100份聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料;和
ii)以组合物重量计0.1-10份脂肪酸皂。
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US66621305P | 2005-03-29 | 2005-03-29 | |
US60/666,213 | 2005-03-29 | ||
US11/341,695 | 2006-01-27 | ||
US11/341,695 US20060222797A1 (en) | 2005-03-29 | 2006-01-27 | Polyvinylidene chloride layered silicate nanocomposite and film made therefrom |
PCT/US2006/011606 WO2006105273A1 (en) | 2005-03-29 | 2006-03-28 | Polyvinylidene chloride layered silicate nanocomposite and film made therefrom |
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CN101184807A true CN101184807A (zh) | 2008-05-21 |
Family
ID=37070835
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CNA2006800189356A Pending CN101184807A (zh) | 2005-03-29 | 2006-03-28 | 聚偏二氯乙烯层化的硅酸盐纳米复合材料和由其制备的薄膜 |
Country Status (8)
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US (1) | US20060222797A1 (zh) |
EP (2) | EP2065440B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101184807A (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE483755T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2006230348A1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0609503A2 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE602006017450D1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2006105273A1 (zh) |
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- 2006-01-27 US US11/341,695 patent/US20060222797A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-03-28 DE DE602006017450T patent/DE602006017450D1/de active Active
- 2006-03-28 EP EP09003425A patent/EP2065440B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-03-28 WO PCT/US2006/011606 patent/WO2006105273A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-03-28 AU AU2006230348A patent/AU2006230348A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-03-28 BR BRPI0609503-8A patent/BRPI0609503A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-03-28 EP EP06748915A patent/EP1896541A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-03-28 AT AT09003425T patent/ATE483755T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-03-28 CN CNA2006800189356A patent/CN101184807A/zh active Pending
Cited By (1)
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CN107205871A (zh) * | 2015-01-30 | 2017-09-26 | 金伯利-克拉克环球有限公司 | 用于吸收制品的具有降低的噪声的膜 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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BRPI0609503A2 (pt) | 2010-04-13 |
AU2006230348A1 (en) | 2006-10-05 |
DE602006017450D1 (de) | 2010-11-18 |
EP1896541A1 (en) | 2008-03-12 |
EP2065440A1 (en) | 2009-06-03 |
EP2065440B1 (en) | 2010-10-06 |
ATE483755T1 (de) | 2010-10-15 |
US20060222797A1 (en) | 2006-10-05 |
WO2006105273A1 (en) | 2006-10-05 |
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