CN101180042B - 一种生物大分子与生物还原剂的结合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种生物大分子与生物还原剂的结合物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN101180042B
CN101180042B CN2006800180756A CN200680018075A CN101180042B CN 101180042 B CN101180042 B CN 101180042B CN 2006800180756 A CN2006800180756 A CN 2006800180756A CN 200680018075 A CN200680018075 A CN 200680018075A CN 101180042 B CN101180042 B CN 101180042B
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胡一桥
吴锦慧
吴�琳
罗玲英
支枫
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Nanjing One Pharmaceutical Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种在治疗肿瘤方面有效的生物大分子与生物还原剂的结合物。生物大分子选自含铁、钌、镓或铂的转铁蛋白,生长抑素,表皮生长因子、叶酸或转钴胺蛋白,生物还原剂选自醌类、芳香氮氧化物、脂肪氮氧化物、硝基杂环化合物或过渡金属复合物。结合物可以选择性的靶向肿瘤细胞,降低药物的毒性和肿瘤细胞的耐受性。用于递送抗肿瘤化合物或肿瘤治疗。

Description

一种生物大分子与生物还原剂的结合物及其制备方法
一、技术领域
本发明属于生物制药技术领域,具体涉及一种在治疗癌症方面有效的生物大分子与生物还原剂的结合物。
二、背景技术
目前,在肿瘤的治疗过程中遇到的两个最大的问题就是药物耐受和药物的毒性。解决药物耐受和药物毒性的一种方法就是将药物靶向的给予肿瘤细胞,许多研究者致力于研究利用抗体及其他手段达到靶向的目的,这些虽然取得了一些成果但是又引来了一系列新的问题。比如:抗体通常会结合于正常组织,甚至会引起严重的过敏反应,而利用微粒体靶向性又差。
转铁蛋白(Transferrin)是一种β1球蛋白,分子量约为77kD,约占血浆蛋白总量的0.3%~0.5%。其主要作用是运载细胞外的铁,可通过细胞膜上特异的转铁蛋白受体介导的内吞作用,将铁转入细胞内。同时转铁蛋白还能转移其他外源性金属离子,如:钌,钛,镓,铂等。虽然在50年前转铁蛋白就已被发现,最近研究才发现:由于肿瘤生长旺盛,需要铁的量增多,因而肿瘤细胞表面转铁蛋白受体表达大大超过了正常细胞。
生物还原药物在乏氧细胞中更易被还原酶代谢活化,产生细胞毒代谢产物。此过程在富含DT-黄递酶和乏氧的实体肿瘤中比在正常组织中更易进行,因此也就更加增强了它对肿瘤的选择性杀伤作用。
本发明利用肿瘤细胞的这种性质,分别将含铁、钌、钛、镓和铂的转铁蛋白,生长抑素,表皮生长因子,叶酸和转钴胺蛋白与生物还原剂相结合,达到肿瘤靶向治疗的目的。
现在利用转铁蛋白与化疗药物结合的研究已经有了很大的进展,如在专利US5108987,US5000935,US4895714,US4886780,US2004157767中提到,转铁蛋白与阿霉素,道诺霉素,甲氨喋呤,长春新碱,6-巯基嘌呤,阿糖孢苷,环磷酰胺,放射性碘的结合物其靶向性均有不同程度的提高,同时降低药物的毒性。
三、发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决肿瘤治疗过程中药物的毒性和耐受性。研制出一种生物大分子与生物还原剂的结合物,特别是靶向生物大分子和生物还原剂的结合物。
靶向蛋白包括载含铁、钌、钛、镓和铂的转铁蛋白,血浆铜盐蛋白、生长抑素、维生素结合蛋白如:转钴胺蛋白、激素、细胞活素。
生物还原剂有:
①、醌类:丝裂霉素C,地吖醌(diaziquon),链黑霉素(streptonigrin),吲哚醌EO9(3-hydroxy-5-aziridinyl-1-methyl-2-(1H-indole-4,7-indione)-propenol),RH1(2,5-diaziridinyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone),甲基丝列霉素(porfiromycin)。
②、
Figure G65131524150141000D000021
Figure G65131524150141000D000031
③、芳香氮氧化物:替拉扎明(Tirapazamine)。
Figure G65131524150141000D000032
④、脂肪氮氧化物:AQ4N(the di-N-oxide of 1,4-bis[{2-(dimethylaminoethyl}-amino]5,8-dihydroxyanthracene-9,10-dione),Nitracrine N-Oxide。
Figure G65131524150141000D000033
⑤、硝基杂环化合物:RSU1069(1[2-nitro-1-imidazolyl]-3-aziridinyl-2-propanol),RB6145(Beatrice S,Lloyd R.K.Methods Mol Med.2004,90,515-42),CB1954(5-aziridin-1-yl-2,4-dinitrobenzamide),SN23862(2,4-dinitrobenzamidemustard)。
Figure G65131524150141000D000041
⑥、过渡金属复合物:SN 24771
Figure G65131524150141000D000042
1.结合物之间的连接方式有:
(1)共价结合:可通过戊二醛、戊二酐、二硫键、硫脂键、苯甲酰腙、N-羟基丁二酰亚胺、顺丁烯二酰亚胺等手段进行结合。
(2)配位结合:可通过氢键、电荷、络合等非共价键手段结合。
本发明主要包括含不同金属的转铁蛋白与生物还原剂的结合。无论应用什么样的结合方法,结合物必须保持其活性,能够杀死肿瘤细胞,而对正常细胞损伤有限。
2.结合物载有金属的意义:
(1)含铁转铁蛋白与生物还原剂的结合物
血清转铁蛋白整个肽链折叠成两个结构相似的球形叶片,分别对应着N端叶片(N-lobe)和C端叶片(C-lobe),两个球形叶片由一短肽相连接。每个叶片又可分为两个大小相似的结构域,分别由α-螺旋和β-折叠交替出现而形成。其中N端半分子为N1、N2结构域,结构域内有二硫键,而结构域间无二硫键;C端半分子为C1、C2结构域,结构域内、间均有二硫键。在伴阴离子存在下,两个结构域间狭缝的一些氨基酸残基(Tyr、His、Asp)与伴阴离子共同形成Fe3+结合部位。在生理条件下,CO3 2-为伴阴离子时,血清转铁蛋白可逆地结合两个Fe3+形成含铁的转铁蛋白。本发明通过共价结合和非共价结合,将含铁的转铁蛋白与生物还原剂连接成结合物。结合物具有靶向性和抗肿瘤活性的双重作用,从而特异性的杀伤肿瘤细胞中的乏氧细胞,抑制肿瘤生长,防止肿瘤复发。
(2)含钌转铁蛋白与生物还原剂的结合物
钌(Ru3+)具有很强的抗肿瘤作用,在血液中通过与转铁蛋白结合进行运输。注射含钌的转铁蛋白后,钌在肿瘤细胞内有高度的特异性吸收。此外还发现含钌的转铁蛋白的抗人类结肠癌细胞的活性明显高于钌本身。本发明利用含钌转铁蛋白的抗肿瘤活性,将含钌的转铁蛋白与生物还原剂相结合,从而增加钌和生物还原剂的抗肿瘤作用,并提高了靶向性。
(3)含钛(Ti)转铁蛋白与生物还原剂的结合物
研究发现,钛与转铁蛋白结合与铁和转铁蛋白结合形式相似,含钛的转铁蛋白通过转铁蛋白受体进入肿瘤细胞,在瘤细胞内酸性微环境下,从转铁蛋白上释放出来,随后攻击目标DNA。本发明利用共价键和非共价键,将含钛的转铁蛋白与生物还原剂相结合。结合物同时具有钛和生物还原剂的双重抗肿瘤作用机理,并降低了药物浓度。
(4)含镓(Ga)转铁蛋白与生物还原剂的结合物
镓是非生命元素,经吸收进入血液后,在伴阴离子HCO3-的存在下可迅速与血清中脱铁转铁蛋白形成非常稳定的配合物,即含镓的转铁蛋白。含镓的转铁蛋白与含Fe的转铁蛋白类似,与转铁蛋白受体有高度的亲和性。本发明利用共价键和非共价键,将含镓的转铁蛋白与生物还原剂连接形成结合物。结合物一方面通过转铁蛋白受体将生物还原剂带入到肿瘤细胞内部,杀伤肿瘤乏氧细胞,另一方面抑制肿瘤细胞对铁的摄取,并增加肿瘤细胞内的镓的浓度,最终达到药物的靶向和增效的目的。
(5)含铂(Pt)转铁蛋白与生物还原剂的结合物
金属铂也能与转铁蛋白发生结合,其结合位点与Fe的结合位点相同。含Pt的转铁蛋白可以聚集在肿瘤细胞表面,通过转铁蛋白/转铁蛋白受体系统将Pt转运至肿瘤细胞内部。但是铂对乏氧细胞的杀伤力不足。本发明利用临床上生物还原剂与铂类抗肿瘤药物合用时具有协同作用,将含铂的转铁蛋白与生物还原剂相结合,形成的结合物可以明显提高铂和生物还原剂靶向性,并降低药物浓度。
3.本发明较现有技术相比其优势:
(1)利用转铁蛋白等与生物还原剂相结合,得到的结合物具有双重靶向性能:a、靶向肿瘤表面转铁蛋白受体,b、靶向乏氧性实体瘤。从而达到降低药物毒性的目的。
(2)利用转铁蛋白等的内吞作用,使抗肿瘤药物能够进入细胞,从而降低肿瘤细胞对药物的耐受性,提高疗效。
(3)利用含不同金属的转铁蛋白与生物还原剂相结合,得到的结合物具有双重的抗肿瘤作用机理,一方面降低了药物的浓度,另一方面防止了肿瘤耐药。
因此本发明用于制备抗肿瘤药。
四、具体实施方式举例
1、Tf-Fe-MMC(转铁蛋白-铁-丝裂霉素)结合物的制备
20M脱铁转铁蛋白的柠檬酸溶液10ml中加入碳酸氢钠,使pH逐渐升高至7.4,冰浴搅拌,滴加10M氨三乙酸-三氯化铁溶液5ml,冰浴继续搅拌,12000-14000透析,冻干,即得含铁转铁蛋白,得率为30%。
将51.3mg戊二酐加入到10ml含有50mg MMC的四氢叶酸溶液中,混合物在氮气保护的条件下加热至50~60℃,搅拌10~20小时。在反应完成以后蒸馏。残渣溶于2ml甲醇中,并以甲醇为流动相,通过Sephadex L-20(2.5×97cm)色谱柱中,柱层析。馏分蒸干得到G-MMC(戊二醛脂化的丝裂霉素)。将56.0mgG-MMC溶于3.4ml乙腈中,加入N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(HOSu)21.6mg和DDC155.6mg,混合物在N2保护的条件下4℃搅拌48小时。然后加入7ml冰水,过滤,滤过物用10ml氯仿抽提三次,蒸干氯仿,得到MMC-G-OSu,用丁酸正己醇酯重结晶,得到紫色粉末。
将30mg含铁转铁蛋白溶于含有3ml0.1M的NaCl磷酸钠缓冲液中(pH=7.5),加入0.3mlMMC-G-OSu的二甲基甲酰胺溶液,4℃下搅拌16小时,反应液在4℃下透析,即得到Tf-Fe-MMC,得率为20%。
Tf-Fe-MMC结合物经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,溶于pH为7.4的磷酸缓冲液中,363nm处测定紫外吸收,与标准MMC比较得出结合物中MMC的含量。结合物中MMC的含量随着MMC-G-OSu加入量的增加而增加,当摩尔比MMC-G-OSu/TF为43时,结合物中MMC的质量分数为9.49%。
2、实施例1所得的结合物对肿瘤细胞选择性的影响
选用癌细胞株,如SMMC-7721、和正常细胞如人肝细胞L-02,采用常规方法进行体外细胞培养,用于对转铁蛋白载体对肿瘤靶向性进行评价。细胞生长在培养瓶中,培养液为1640或MEM/EBSS NEAA等(pH7.4,含胎牛血清10%,L-谷氨酰胺2mM,Hepes 10mM,青霉素,链霉素),在37℃,含5%CO2培养箱中全湿度培养。
选用对数生长期的细胞作为受试细胞,制成细胞悬液,每孔一定量,铺于96孔板中,加入不同浓度的游离药物、结合物。空白为对照,无细胞孔作背景,重复4孔以上,置在37℃,含5%CO2培养箱中全湿度培养,不同时间取样,离心,弃上清液,用培养液洗涤,继续培养一定时间,弃上清液,加每孔各加5mg/ml的MTT20ul,再培养4小时,加二甲亚砜,用酶标仪测定OD值,
Figure G65131524150141000D000071
结果:Tf-Fe-MMC和MMC对SMMC-7721的IC50分别为0.5μgMMC/ml和1.6μgMMC/ml,而对于正常人肝细胞L-02,Tf-Fe-MMC和MMC在浓度达到8μgMMC/ml时,对肝细胞的存活率都没有明显的影响。
3、实施例1所得的结合物对肿瘤细胞穿透性能
利用单层Caco-2细胞模型,对结合物对肿瘤细胞的穿透性进行评价。
细胞常规培养条件下,以8×104个/mL的接种密度接种于Millicell插入式培养皿中,培养21天后可用于药物跨膜转运实验。用光镜、电镜、细胞密度测定等方法检查细胞的形态学特点及生长特点,测定碱性磷酸酶活性、跨膜电阻、荧光素钠透过量以验细胞单层的极化现象和致密程度。
利用单层Caco-2细胞,测定双侧的药物浓度,可对结合物的透过性能进行评价。
结果:Tf-Fe-MMC透过Caco-2单层细胞的量为总量的20%,而MMC仅为5%。与MMC比较,Tf-Fe-MMC对Caco-2细胞的单向透过能力较强。
4、Tf-Fe-地吖醌
制备步骤同实施例1,评价方法同实施例2,3。
5、Tf-Fe-链黑霉素
制备步骤同实施例1,评价方法同实施例2,3。
6、Tf-Fe-EO9
制备步骤同实施例1,评价方法同实施例2,3。
7、Tf-Fe-RH1
制备步骤同实施例1,评价方法同实施例2,3。
8、Tf-Fe-甲基丝列霉素
制备步骤同实施例1,评价方法同实施例2,3。
9、Tf-Fe-替拉扎明
制备步骤同实施例1,评价方法同实施例2,3,得率25%
10、Tf-Fe-AQ4N
制备步骤同实施例1,评价方法同实施例2,3。
11、Tf-Fe-Nitracrine N-Oxidef
制备步骤同实施例1,评价方法同实施例2,3。
12、Tf-Fe-RSU1069
制备步骤同实施例1,评价方法同实施例2,3。
13、Tf-Fe-RB6145
制备步骤同实施例1,评价方法同实施例2,3。
14、Tf-Fe-CB1954
制备步骤同实施例1,评价方法同实施例2,3。
15、Tf-Fe-SN23862
制备步骤同实施例1,评价方法同实施例2,3。
16、Tf-Fe-SN24771
制备步骤同实施例1,评价方法同实施例2,3。
17、Tf-Ga-MMC
20mg脱铁转铁蛋白溶于9ml 20mM含有150mMNacl的醋酸溶液中(pH=3.5),加入3mol的硝酸镓,再加入NaHCO3使pH逐渐升高至7.4,12000-14000透析,冻干即得含镓的转铁蛋白,得率25%。
其余制备步骤同实施例1,评价方法同实施例2,3。
18、Tf-Ga-MMC
制备步骤同实施例17,评价方法同实施例2,3,得率40%。
19、Tf-Ga-地吖醌
制备步骤同实施例17,评价方法同实施例2,3。
20、Tf-Ga-链黑霉素
制备步骤同实施例17,评价方法同实施例2,3。
21、Tf-Ga-EO9
制备步骤同实施例17,评价方法同实施例2,3。
22、Tf-Ga-RH1
制备步骤同实施例17,评价方法同实施例2,3。
23、Tf-Ga-甲基丝列霉素
制备步骤同实施例17,评价方法同实施例2,3。
24、Tf-Ga-替拉扎明
制备步骤同实施例17,评价方法同实施例2,3,得率为30%。
25、Tf-Ga-AQ4N
制备步骤同实施例17,评价方法同实施例2,3。
26、Tf-Ga-Nitracrine N-Oxidef
制备步骤同实施例17,评价方法同实施例2,3。
Tf-Ga-RSU1069制备步骤同实施例1,评价方法同实施例2,3。
27、Tf-Ga-RB6145
制备步骤同实施例17,评价方法同实施例2,3。
28、Tf-Ga-CB1954
制备步骤同实施例17,评价方法同实施例2,3。
29、Tf-Ga-SN23862
制备步骤同实施例17,评价方法同实施例2,3。
30、Tf-Ga-SN24771
制备步骤同实施例17,评价方法同实施例2,3。
31、Tf-Ti-MMC
20mg脱铁转铁蛋白溶于9ml20mM含有150mMNacl的醋酸溶液中(pH=3.5),加入3mol的硝酸钛,再加入NaHCO3使pH逐渐升高至7.4,12000-14000透析,冻干即可得到含钛的转铁蛋白,得率30%。
其余制备步骤同实施例1,评价方法同实施例2,3。
32、Tf-Ti-地吖醌
制备步骤同实施例31,评价方法同实施例2,3。
33、Tf-Ti-链黑霉素
制备步骤同实施例31,评价方法同实施例2,3。
34、Tf-Ti-EO9
制备步骤同实施例31,评价方法同实施例2,3。
35、Tf-Ti-RH1
制备步骤同实施例31,评价方法同实施例2,3。
36、Tf-Ti-甲基丝列霉素
制备步骤同实施例31,评价方法同实施例2,3。
37、Tf-Ti-替拉扎明
制备步骤同实施例31,评价方法同实施例2,3。
38、Tf-Ti-AQ4N
制备步骤同实施例31,评价方法同实施例2,3。
39、Tf-Ti-Nitracrine N-Oxidef
制备步骤同实施例31,评价方法同实施例2,3。
40、Tf-Ti-RSU1069
制备步骤同实施例31,评价方法同实施例2,3。
41、Tf-Ti-RB6145
制备步骤同实施例31,评价方法同实施例2,3。
42、Tf-Ti-CB1954
制备步骤同实施例31,评价方法同实施例2,3。
43、Tf-Ti-SN23862
制备步骤同实施例31,评价方法同实施例2,3。
44、Tf-Ti-SN24771
制备步骤同实施例31,评价方法同实施例2,3。
45、Tf-Pt-MMC
20M脱铁转铁蛋白的柠檬酸溶液10ml中加入碳酸氢钠,使pH逐渐升高至7.4,冰浴搅拌,滴加5ml 20M顺-双氯双氨络铂,冰浴继续搅拌,12000-14000透析,冻干,即得含铂的转铁蛋白。得率20%
其余制备步骤同实施例1,评价方法同实施例2,3。
46、Tf-Pt-地吖醌
制备步骤同实施例45,评价方法同实施例2,3。
47、Tf-Pt-链黑霉素
制备步骤同实施例45,评价方法同实施例2,3。
48、Tf-Pt-EO9
制备步骤同实施例45,评价方法同实施例2,3。
49、Tf-Pt-RH1
制备步骤同实施例45,评价方法同实施例2,3。
50、Tf-Pt-甲基丝列霉素
制备步骤同实施例45,评价方法同实施例2,3。
51、Tf-Pt-替拉扎明
制备步骤同实施例45,评价方法同实施例2,3,得率30%。
52、Tf-Pt-AQ4N
制备步骤同实施例45,评价方法同实施例2,3。
53、Tf-Pt-Nitracrine N-Oxidef
制备步骤同实施例45,评价方法同实施例2,3。
54、Tf-Pt-RSU1069
制备步骤同实施例45,评价方法同实施例2,3。
55、Tf-Pt-RB6145
制备步骤同实施例45,评价方法同实施例2,3。
56、Tf-Pt-CB1954
制备步骤同实施例45,评价方法同实施例2,3。
57、Tf-Pt-SN23862
制备步骤同实施例45,评价方法同实施例2,3。
58、Tf-Pt-SN24771
制备步骤同实施例45,评价方法同实施例2,3。
59、Tf-Ru-MMC
在20M脱铁转铁蛋白的柠檬酸溶液10ml中加入碳酸氢钠,冰浴搅拌,滴加5ml 10M碳酸钌,冰浴继续搅拌,12000-14000透析,冻干,即得到含铂的转铁蛋白,得率30%。
其余制备步骤同实施例1,评价方法同实施例2,3。
60、Tf-Ru-MMC
制备步骤同实施例59,评价方法同实施例2,3。
61、Tf-Ru-地吖醌
制备步骤同实施例59,评价方法同实施例2,3。
62、Tf-Ru-链黑霉素
制备步骤同实施例59,评价方法同实施例2,3。
63、Tf-Ru-EO9
制备步骤同实施例59,评价方法同实施例2,3。
64、Tf-Ru-RH1
制备步骤同实施例59,评价方法同实施例2,3。
65、Tf-Ru-甲基丝列霉素
制备步骤同实施例59,评价方法同实施例2,3。
66、Tf-Ru-替拉扎明
制备步骤同实施例59,评价方法同实施例2,3,得率25%。
67、Tf-Ru-AQ4N
制备步骤同实施例59,评价方法同实施例2,3。
68、Tf-Ru-Nitracrine N-Oxidef
制备步骤同实施例59,评价方法同实施例2,3。
69、Tf-Ru-RSU1069
制备步骤同实施例59,评价方法同实施例2,3。
70、Tf-Ru-RB6145
制备步骤同实施例59,评价方法同实施例2,3。
71、Tf-Ru-CB1954
制备步骤同实施例59,评价方法同实施例2,3。
72、Tf-Ru-SN23862
制备步骤同实施例59,评价方法同实施例2,3。
73、Tf-Ru-SN24771
制备步骤同实施例59,评价方法同实施例2,3。
74、生长素释放抑制因子-替拉扎明
将50mg生长素释放抑制因子溶于含有5ml0.1M的NaCl磷酸钠缓冲液中(pH=7.5),加入N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(HOSu)21.6mg和DDC(二环己基碳二亚胺)155.6mg,4℃下搅拌16小时,反应液在4℃下透析,然后加入30mg替拉扎明,4℃下搅拌20小时,反应液在4℃下透析,冻干,即得生长素释放抑制因子-替拉扎明得结合物,得率为20%。
75、表皮生长因子-链黑霉素
将50mg表皮生长因子溶于含有5ml0.1M的NaCl磷酸钠缓冲液中(pH=7.5),加入N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(HOSu)21.6mg和DDC(二环己基碳二亚胺)155.6mg,4℃下搅拌16小时,反应液在4℃下透析,然后加入30mg链黑霉素,4℃下搅拌20小时,反应液在4℃下透析,冻干,即得表皮生长因子-链黑霉素得结合物,得率为10%。
76、叶酸-甲基丝裂霉素
将50mg叶酸溶于含有5ml0.1M的NaCl磷酸钠缓冲液中(pH=7.5),加入N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(HOSu)21.6mg和DDC(二环己基碳二亚胺)155.6mg,4℃下搅拌16小时,反应液在4℃下透析,然后加入30mg甲基丝裂霉素,4℃下搅拌20小时,反应液在4℃下透析,冻干,即得叶酸-甲基丝裂霉素的结合物,得率为30%。
77、转轱胺蛋白-替拉扎明
将50mg转轱胺蛋白溶于含有5ml0.1M的NaCl磷酸钠缓冲液中(pH=7.5),加入N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(HOSu)21.6mg和DDC(二环己基碳二亚胺)155.6mg,4℃下搅拌16小时,反应液在4℃下透析,然后加入30mg替拉扎明,4℃下搅拌20小时,反应液在4℃下透析,冻干,即得转轱胺蛋白-替拉扎明的结合物,得率为35%。

Claims (3)

1.一种包括生物大分子和生物还原剂的结合物,其特征是,生物大分子为含金属钌、钛、镓、铂或铁的转铁蛋白,生物还原剂是丝列霉素。
2.根据权利要求1所述的结合物,其特征是,所述结合物在制备治疗肿瘤药物中的应用。
3.根据权利要求1所述的结合物,其特征是,所述生物大分子与所述生物还原剂的结合方式是以戊二醛的共价结合方式连接丝裂霉素和转铁蛋白。
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CN101180042A (zh) 2008-05-14

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