CN101171555B - 具有可动态调整功耗的射频通信的现场设备 - Google Patents

具有可动态调整功耗的射频通信的现场设备 Download PDF

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CN101171555B
CN101171555B CN2006800155754A CN200680015575A CN101171555B CN 101171555 B CN101171555 B CN 101171555B CN 2006800155754 A CN2006800155754 A CN 2006800155754A CN 200680015575 A CN200680015575 A CN 200680015575A CN 101171555 B CN101171555 B CN 101171555B
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凯利·M·奥斯
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    • G05B19/4185—Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS], computer integrated manufacturing [CIM] characterised by the network communication
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
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    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
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    • G05B2219/34313—Power supply for communication delivered by, derived from 4-20-mA current loop
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Abstract

一种用于工业过程控制或监测系统(10)中的现场设备(14)，包括被配置为连接至两线过程控制回路(16)的端子(56H、56L)，所述两线过程控制回路被配置为携带数据和供电。在一个实施例中，所述现场设备(14)中的RF电路(22)被配置用于具有可变功耗的射频通信。在另一个实施例中，所述RF电路(22)通过分离的数字通信总线(100)耦合至所述现场设备(14)。还提供了一种基于过程通信信号对RF通信的电力进行调制的方法。

Description

具有可动态调整功耗的射频通信的现场设备
背景技术
在工业环境中，控制系统用于监测和控制工业和化学过程的存量，等等。典型地，控制系统通过使用现场设备执行这些功能，所述现场设备分布在工业过程中的关键位置并通过过程控制回路耦合到控制室内的控制电路。术语“现场设备”指在分布控制或者过程监视系统中执行功能的任何设备，包括使用在工业过程的测量、控制和监视中的所有已知或未知的设备。
一些现场设备包括换能器。换能器被理解为基于物理输入产生输出信号或是基于输入信号产生物理输出的设备。典型地，换能器将输入转换成具有不同形式的输出。换能器的类型包括各种分析设备、压力传感器、热敏电阻、热电偶、应变仪、流量变送器、定位器、致动器、螺线管、指示灯，以及其它。
典型地，每一个现场设备也包括通信电路，所述通信电路用于通过过程控制回路与过程控制室或者其它电路通信。在一些装置中，过程控制回路也用于将调整后的电流/或电压递送到现场设备以向现场设备供电。所述过程控制回路也以模拟格式或者数字格式输送数据。
传统地，模拟现场设备已经通过两线过程控制电流回路连接到控制室，且每一个装置通过单一两线控制回路连接到控制室。典型地，在所述两线之间维持有电压差，其范围针对模拟模式为12-45伏，针对数字模式为9-50伏。一些模拟现场设备通过将流过电流回路的电流调制成与所感测的过程变量成比例的电流而将信号发送到控制室。其它模拟现场设备在控制室的控制下通过控制通过所述回路的电流的大小能够执行动作。另外，或者可选地，所述过程控制回路能够输送用于与现场设备通信的数字信号。
在一些装置中，无线技术已经开始被用于与现场设备通信。例如，完全的无线装置得以应用，其中现场设备使用电池、太阳能电池或其他技术而不需任何类型的有线连接以获得电力。然而，多数现场设备被硬连线至过程控制室，并且不使用无线通信技术。
在以小到4mA的电流工作的现场设备中，提供产生无线通信的足够电力是一种挑战。如果产生无线通信消耗掉过多的电力，则会使现场设备在电流回路上进行适当通信的能力减弱。因此，需要针对在使用4和20mA之间的模拟电流的过程控制回路上工作的现场设备的改进的无线通信能力。
发明内容
一种用于工业过程控制或监测系统中的现场设备，包括被配置为连接至两线过程控制回路的端子，所述两线过程控制回路被配置为携带数据和供电。在一个实施例中，所述现场设备中的RF电路被配置用于具有可变功耗的射频通信。在另一个实施例中，所述RF电路通过分离的数字通信总线耦合至所述现场设备。还提供了一种基于过程通信信号对RF通信的电力进行调制的方法。
附图说明
图1是过程控制和/或监测系统的概图，其中本发明的实施例特别有用。
图2是压力变送器的简化剪切局部分解视图。
图3示出了耦合至过程控制回路和无线通信电路的现场设备。
图4是根据本发明实施例的现场设备中的现场设备电路的部分的概图。
具体实施方式
本发明的实施例大体上提供了一种具有用于单向或双向无线通信的无线通信模块的现场设备。无线通信模块可以从远端设备或位置发送和/或接收RF信号。该模块的功耗可以动态地改变，并由现场设备进行供电。
图1是过程控制和/或监测系统10的概图，其中本发明的实施例特别有用。系统10包括通过两线过程控制回路16耦合至现场设备14的控制室12。现场设备14耦合至由管道18示意性示出的过程流体容器，并被配置为确定与管道18内的过程流体有关的过程变量，并通过过程控制回路16传递与该过程变量有关的信息。
图2是压力变送器14的简化剪切局部分解视图，该压力变送器14是现场设备的二个示例。压力变送器14耦合至两线过程控制回路16，并且包括变送器外壳62。过程控制回路16耦合至端子板58上承载的端子56。压力传感器64提供了换能器的一个示例，并被配置为耦合至适于测量过程流体中出现的压力差的过程。传感器64的输出被提供给耦合至现场设备电路68的测量电路66。无线通信电路22耦合至现场设备电路68，而且在一些实施例中可以耦合至过程控制回路16。
外壳62包括可拧入外壳62的端盖70和72。端盖72包括RF透明窗74，RF透明窗74通常被配置为与无线通信电路22上所承载的天线26对齐。当被附加上时，端盖70和72为变送器60内的电路提供了固有安全封套。封盖中典型使用的材料(例如金属)对于RF信号不透明。然而，RF透明窗74允许天线26发送和接收RF信号。用于窗74的RF透明材料的一个示例是玻璃，等等。然而，可以使用任何适合的材料。所述窗和外壳的配置有助于满足固有安全要求并提供防火或防爆能力。此外，外壳62内的空腔可以被配置为提供天线26所产生的RF信号的期望辐射图案。例如，在一些实施方式中可能希望RF传输是定向的，而在其他实施方式中可能希望RF传输是全向的。在其他实施方式中，可延长外壳62以提供用于放置无线通信电路22的额外内部空腔。
无线通信电路22通过天线26与外部无线设备进行交互。取决于应用，无线通信电路22可以适于根据任意适合的无线通信协议而进行通信，包括但不限于：无线联网技术(例如IEEE802.15.4或IEEE802.11b无线接入点以及由Linksys of Irvine，California制造的无线联网设备)、蜂窝或数字联网技术(例如Aeris Communications Inc.of SanJose，California的Microburst
Figure 2006800155754_0
)、超宽带、自由空间光学、全球移动通信系统(GSM)、通用分组无线业务(GPRS)、码分多址(CDMA)、扩频技术、红外通信技术、SMS(短消息业务/文本收发)、或任意其他适合的无线技术。此外，可以采用已知的数据碰撞技术，使得多个单元可以在彼此的无线操作范围内共存。该碰撞避免可以包括使用多个不同的射频信道和/或扩频技术。
虽然图2示出了耦合至现场设备14内的现场设备电路68的无线通信电路22，然而可以清楚地设想，无线通信电路22可以位于其远端，并通过适合的数字通信总线耦合至现场设备14。
图3示出了耦合至过程控制回路16和无线通信电路22的现场设备14的概图，其通过数字通信总线100放置在现场设备14的远端。数字通信总线100优选地为双向总线，但在不需要双向通信的情况下或在期望的情况下也可以是单向总线。
根据本发明的实施例，无线通信电路22被配置为：基于来自现场设备14的电路22可用电力的多少，吸取可变的电力。例如，如上文所述，在某些过程控制回路上操作的现场设备可能需要在低至4mA的情况下操作。在该情况下，如果存在的话，也仅存在很少的额外电力来为无线通信供电。只要出现要求过程变量信号为4mA的条件(例如指示零范围或低干线过程变量值)，该情况就会存在。因此，该条件会存在几个小时或甚至是几天。本发明的实施例大体上能够使明显变化的过度能量用于无线通信。在一个实施例中，过程控制回路电流处于较高值时的可用过度能量被存储而不是仅仅被丢弃。这个存储的能量可以在之后当电流信号处于其最低值时使用。该能量可以存储在任何适合的器件中，包括可充电的电池和/或适合的电容器。
在另一个实施例中，无线通信电路22的实际操作基于可用电力而变化。例如，无线通信电路22可以进入睡眠模式，此时现场设备14的回路电流接近4mA，与现场设备的回路电流接近12mA且存在充足的电路22可用的过度电力时相比，可用的过度电力很少。修改无线通信电路22的操作的另一个示例是，改变无线通信电路22的通信速率。例如，可以根据能够传递给无线通信电路22的可用过度电力的量来设置或确定无线电路22的通信速率。该功能的一个示例是，无线通信电路22的通信速率与过度电力的量直接成比例。另外，现场设备14可以知晓或能够预测可用过度电力的量，而且可以设想，通过与无线通信电路22进行通信，现场设备14能够设置电路22的通信速率。
为了简化过程配线和安装，通常优选的做法是，无线通信模块22仅由从现场设备14可获得的能量来供电。此外，优选的做法是无线通信电路22借助或通过数字通信总线100来供电。通信总线100可以是任意适合的数字通信总线，包括控制器区域网(CAN)或本地互联网(LIN)总线；串行通信接口(SCI)总线；串行外设接口(SPI)总线；或I2C总线。
图4是根据本发明实施例的现场设备14中的现场设备电路68的部分的概图。现场设备电路68包括允许现场设备14通过过程控制回路16进行数字通信的数字调制解调器102。在一个实施例中，数字通信根据高速可寻址远程换能器(HART
Figure 2006800155754_1
)协议而进行。另外，电路68包括旁路控制模块104，该模块104允许现场设备14把端子56H和56L之间流动的电流量设置为4和20mA之间的值，以传递过程变量信息。现场设备14优选地包括一对端子106、108，数字通信总线100通过这对端子耦合至无线通信电路22。现场设备14还优选地包括通信物理层110，该通信物理层110提供了根据上文所列数字通信总线选择之一的通信。另外，现场设备14包括通信电力限制模块112，该模块耦合至高电压干线114和-loop端子56L。通信电力限制模块112耦合至旁路控制104，使得通信物理层110的电力基于现场设备14所吸取的电流。如图4所示，无线通信电路22经通信总线100耦合至端子106和108。如上文所述，无线通信电路22可以位于现场设备14内，或位于其远端。
进行单次过程测量、同时保持现场设备14内的4-20mA电子设备和传感器电路工作所需的电流通常需要高达3.6mA，这是满足NAMUR警报值所允许的上限。基于HART的变送器使用+/-0.5mA在两线回路上发送信号，所以3.6mA限制中仅有3.1mA应当被分配用于现场设备14的工作电流。根据本发明的实施例，现场设备14采用通信电力限制模块112来限制通过数字通信总线100而提供用于数字通信的电力，因此限制了通过无线通信电路22的电力。例如，当存在4.0mA的回路电流时，0.7mA的电能可用于数字通信总线100。当存在6.0mA的回路电流时，无线通信电路22通过数字通信总线100可使用1.70mA。
如图4所示，数字通信总线100的端子106可以直接耦合至回路端子56L。在这个实施例中，两线4-20mA回路和两线数字通信总线100的线路中的一条是公共的。在这种情况下，数字通信总线100的公共线路实际上可以直接耦合至过程通信回路的负或低电压线路，而无线通信电路22和现场设备14之间的互联可以通过耦合至端子108的单一线路来实现。根据本发明的一个实施例，数字通信总线100是控制器区域网(CAN)总线，而且现场设备14的电路的根据可以是：美国专利申请公布序列号2004/0184517A1，2004年9月23日公布，标题为TWO WIRETRANSMITTER WITH ISOLATED CAN OUTPUT。
一般地，能够通过数字通信总线100向无线通信电路22提供高于现场设备14工作所需的最小电流的任何可用的过度电流。另外，在现场设备14通过过程控制回路16进行数字通信的实施例中，即使是电流出现短暂的增大和减小，例如数字通信信令所需的电流出现短暂的增大和减小，也可以用于增大或减小可用于无线通信的电力。
尽管已经参考优选实施例对本发明进行了描述，然而本领域的技术人员可以理解，在不背离本发明的精神和范围的前提下，可以在形式和细节上做出改变。如这里所用，射频(RF)可以包括任意频率的电磁传输，而且不限于特定的频率组、频率范围或任何其他的限制。

Claims (15)

1.一种现场设备，包括：
多个端子，耦合至过程控制回路；
旁路控制模块，耦合在所述多个端子之间，并被配置为控制在所述多个端子之间流过的电流量；以及
数字通信总线，耦合至无线通信电路，所述无线通信电路被配置为：基于流过所述多个端子之间的电流量，以变化的电力值而操作。
2.根据权利要求1所述的现场设备，其中，所述无线通信电路位于所述现场设备中。
3.根据权利要求1所述的现场设备，其中，所述无线通信电路位于所述现场设备的远端。
4.根据权利要求1所述的现场设备，还包括通信电力限制模块，所述通信电力限制模块耦合至所述旁路控制模块，被配置为对通过所述数字通信总线而提供的电力进行限制。
5.根据权利要求1所述的现场设备，其中，所述数字通信总线是控制器区域网总线。
6.根据权利要求1所述的现场设备，其中，所述数字通信总线是本地互联网总线。
7.根据权利要求1所述的现场设备，其中，所述数字通信总线是串行通信接口总线。
8.根据权利要求1所述的现场设备，其中，所述数字通信总线是串行外设接口总线。
9.根据权利要求1所述的现场设备，其中，所述数字通信总线是I2C总线。
10.根据权利要求1所述的现场设备，还包括能量存储器件。
11.根据权利要求1所述的现场设备，其中，所述现场设备是过程变量变送器。
12.根据权利要求1所述的现场设备，其中，所述无线通信电路的通信速率与流过所述旁路控制模块的电流量成比例。
13.根据权利要求1所述的现场设备，其中，所述无线通信电路的通信速率相关于来自现场设备的可用的过度电力。
14.根据权利要求13所述的现场设备，其中，所述无线通信电路的通信速率与所述过度电力成比例。
15.根据权利要求1所述的现场设备，其中，所述无线通信电路在来自所述现场设备的可用的过度电力处于最小时进入睡眠模式一段时间。
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CA2602758A1 (en) 2007-01-04
CA2602758C (en) 2016-03-15
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US8452255B2 (en) 2013-05-28
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