CN101150297A - Half-wave impulse bandwidth modulation D audio amplifier - Google Patents
Half-wave impulse bandwidth modulation D audio amplifier Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
This invention relates to a pulse width modulation device containing first and second comparators and an output stage, in which, the two comparators compare a pair of difference signals and a half-wave modulation signal to generate first and second pulse width modulation control signals, and the voltage amplitude of the halfwave modulation signal is less than that of the difference signals, the output stage includes a pair of input ends coupled to the pulse width modulation control signals so as to provide triple code output signals corresponding to the control signals.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is about a kind of amplifier that produces the device of pulse width modulating signal and use this device, especially refer to a kind of D class audio amplifier with and modulator approach.
Background technology
Pulse width modulation (PWM) amplifier, also be known as the D class A amplifier A, its operation principle is similar to switching power unit (switching power supply), its difference is the signal of a change for the reference power source of pulse-width modulated amplifier only, and switching power unit is a fixed voltage value.Usually the D class A amplifier A can be categorized as analog input and two kinds of numeral inputs, and the latter also can be described as the audio frequency amplifier of digital input.
The power efficiency of D class A amplifier A (power efficiency) is much better than traditional A, B and class ab ammplifier, because its high efficiency, the D class A amplifier A only needs less supply unit and can not use fin (perhaps reducing the area of fin), greatly reduces cost, size and the weight of whole system thus.Other advantages also comprised long battery service time, quieter high-quality listen to environment and this integrated audio frequency amplifier has big power output (every sound channel is greater than 20 watts) etc.General D class A amplifier A needs an output filter, therefore the volume and the cost of system have been increased, limit its application on hand-held device, reactive filter (filterless) formula D class A amplifier A can save output filter but still can keep original high efficiency advantage, that is to say, adopt the modulation scheme of reactive filter formula can make D class A amplifier A class ab ammplifier but have better efficient no better than on cost and size.
A kind ofly reach being designed to have only when needs just of reactive filter formula D class A amplifier A electric current inputed to load, and once just allow electric current maintain after the input, make energy can be when no input signal because electric current flows out and decays or slattern from load.A kind of method of reaching above-mentioned design is to adopt quaternary modulation (quaternary modulation) mode with four kinds of modes of operation, it drives as the loudspeaker even load to utilize four kinds of modes of operation according to audio input signal, for example describes this kind method in U.S. Pat 6262632 in detail.
Yet, saving filter might make the D class A amplifier A width of cloth penetrate stronger electromagnetic interference (EMI), this phenomenon is inquired in U.S. Pat 6614297 and has been proposed a kind of employing ternary (ternary) pulse width modulation coding (coding) to replace the system of traditional binary or quaternary pulse width modulation coding, because the voltage difference of load two ends when the unit triplet impulse width modulated only can be power vd D, rather than the 2VDD that occurred of binary pulse width modulation, therefore electromagnetic interference can be improved, though unit triplet impulse width modulated coding can be produced via suitable switch by the switch that quaternary pulse width modulation coding is controlled, the required requirement of common mode electromagnetic interference element on performance of the method can be higher than the circuit of direct employing unit triplet impulse width modulated coding.
Advantage when the amplifier of above-mentioned employing unit triplet impulse width modulated method has improved the electromagnetic interference phenomenon and kept the reactive filter operation, but but need a logic module that the switching signal (unit triplet impulse width modulated coding) that the switching signal (quaternary pulse width modulation coding) of four condition converts three condition to is reached its purpose.Therefore, need a kind of modulation scheme of improvement to produce unit triplet impulse width modulated coding to offer the use of D class A amplifier A, especially analog input formula D class A amplifier A.
Summary of the invention
The present invention discloses a kind of device and the amplifier of using this device that produces pulse width modulating signal, include first, second comparator and output stage, first, second comparator is used for respectively a pair of differential signal (differential signal) and a half-wave (half-swing) modulation signal being compared to produce first, second pulse width modulation (PWM) control signal, and wherein semi-wave modulated voltage of signals amplitude is less than this voltage magnitude to differential signal; And output stage includes a pair of input and is coupled to first, second pulse width modulation control signal so that the output signal of three primitive encodings (ternary encoded) corresponding to first, second pulse width modulation control signal to be provided.
In an embodiment, this amplifier is the D class audio amplifier, include the differential amplifier that is used for receiving audio input signal and converts thereof into a pair of differential signal, and be used for respectively this being compared to produce first, second comparator of first, second pulse width modulation control signal a differential signal and a half-wave modulation signal, wherein semi-wave modulated voltage of signals amplitude is less than this voltage magnitude to differential signal.This D class audio amplifier also includes full-bridge type (H-bridge) output circuit, and received pulse width modulated control signal and provide the ternary coded audio of amplification to output signal to a load by pair of output is provided.
Description of drawings
Figure 1A and 1B are the schematic diagram of an analog input signal and its unit triplet impulse bandwidth modulation signals.
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram that adopts the analog input formula D class A amplifier A of unit triplet impulse width modulated coding in the known technology.
Fig. 3 utilizes the circuit diagram of the analog input formula D class audio amplifier of half-wave formula pulse width modulation for one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 A and 4B are the comparison diagram of modulator approach of the present invention and known modulator approach.
Fig. 5 A and 5B are the differential type operational amplifier circuit diagram and the small-signal model thereof in single-ended when input.
Fig. 6 is the circuit diagram of triangular-wave generator.
The main element symbol description
10,100 amplifier 12a, 12b, 102 gain amplifiers
14,114 operational amplifier 16a, 16b, 116a, 116b comparator
18 drive logic module 20,120 full-bridge type output circuits
22,122 loudspeaker 120a, 120b half-bridge circuit
200 triangular-wave generators, 202 high/low voltage levels limit module
Embodiment
Figure 1A and 1B are the schematic diagram of an analog input signal and its ternary (ternary) pulse width modulation (PWM) signal, through the unit triplet impulse width modulated, one of three kinds of states corresponding to the original analog signal amplitude only can appear in the signal behind this coding, that is (1)+VDD, (2) earthed voltage and (3)-VDD.U.S. Pat 5077539 discloses a D class A amplifier A embodiment who uses the unit triplet impulse width modulated, please refer to Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram that adopts the analog input formula D class A amplifier A 10 of unit triplet impulse width modulated coding in the known technology, and amplifier 10 includes a pair of differential signal, is denoted as V
IPWith V
INBe coupled respectively to fixed gain amplifier 12a and 12b, gain amplifier 12a and 12b be preamplifier (pre-amplifier) and and inessential element, if analog input signal is too little, then can be by gain amplifier 12a and 12b amplification, gain amplifier 12a and the yield value of 12b are designed to select adapting to different input reference signals in some cases, yet, no matter whether use preamplifier, can not influence the operation of D class A amplifier A 10 pulse width modulations.The output of gain amplifier 12a and 12b is via resistance R
1Be coupled to the positive input terminal and the negative input end of differential type operational amplifier 14, operational amplifier 14 combined input signals and feedback signal form closed circuit structure with the frequency response of promoting system to reduce nonlinearity erron and noise distortion.
The differential signal of operational amplifier 14 outputs offers a pair of comparator 16a and 16b is used for modulating with a time signal, an all-wave (full-swing) triangular wave (that is full swing amplitude of differential signal) that for example between 0V and VDD, vibrates, and generation pulse width modulation output control signal, this signal is digital signal and offers the on off state that three primitive encodings driving logic module 18 is controlled output switch circuit, that is to say, full-bridge type (H-bridge) output circuit 20 provides the output signal after the amplification to be coupled to a load, for example loudspeaker 22, full-bridge type output circuit 20 is coupled to an one pole (unipolar) supply unit (VDD2), utilize the switch of switch to provide amplified output signal to loudspeaker 22, this output signal is a reproducing signals approximate with input signal, but have by supply unit provide more high-power, also can be regarded as the input signal after the power amplification, please refer to Fig. 2, the pulse width modulated waveform of three primitive encodings of output is that two pulse width modulation output signals (are denoted as V
OPWith V
ON) poor, that is V
OP-V
ON
Because the third state, that is the importing of zero output state, the power consumption of output circuit only can be proportional with output signal, thus, also little for its power loss of little input signal, when no input signal, then almost there are not the electric current loudspeaker 22 of flowing through, so there is not loss to take place, the reduction of power loss has reduced heat loss, can use less heat dissipation element in the encapsulation of amplifier, in some cases even allow directly to use and needn't use heat dissipation element.Yet, amplifier 10 among Fig. 2 has a shortcoming, its unit triplet impulse width modulated coding needs one three primitive encoding driving logic module 18 and carries out, and comparator 16a can not directly be connected the pulse width modulation output signal that full-bridge type output circuit 20 provides three primitive encodings with the signal output part of 16b.In addition, the reduction of electromagnetic interference (EMI) is the important consideration of when design of D class A amplifier A, directly adopting the output of comparator 16a and 16b is quaternary switching signals for full-bridge type output circuit 20, compares with the ternary switching signal, needs the preferable anti-common mode electromagnetic interference element of performance.
Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram of the analog input formula D class audio amplifier 100 that utilizes the pulse width modulation of half-wave formula of one embodiment of the invention, and amplifier 100 has a pair of differential input end, is used for receiving a pair of differential signal V
IPWith V
INAnd via resistance R
3Offer and have feedback resistance R
4Gain amplifier 102, it acts on as above-mentioned gain amplifier 12a and 12b, the difference output end of amplifier 102 is via resistive element R
1The input of signal to operational amplifier 114 is provided, the circuit of identical above-mentioned Fig. 2 amplifier 10, operational amplifier 114 combined input signals in the amplifier 100 and feedback signal form a closed circuit structure with the minimizing noise distortion, this closed circuit differential integrator that includes, and it is by resistance R
1, resistance R
2, capacitor C and operational amplifier 114 form, and note that the closed circuit structure of feedback can improve the output signal quality, and be but also inessential in the present invention.
As amplifier 10, amplifier 100 also includes a pair of comparator 116a and 116b and is used for receiving respectively the differential output signal and a modulation signal of operational amplifier 114, below will describe in detail.The output stage of amplifier 100 also includes a full-bridge type output circuit 120, it includes one first half-bridge 120a (or claiming positive half-bridge) and one second half-bridge 120b (or claiming negative half-bridge), each half-bridge of full-bridge type output circuit 120 includes pair of transistor and is serially connected with between power vd D2 and the ground (GND), and those skilled in the art can be easy to know that this can be that two N type metal oxide semiconductor (NMOS) transistors, two P-type mos (PMOS) transistor or a PMOS transistor are joined a nmos pass transistor to transistor.Dissimilar full-bridge circuit needs the be coupled full-bridge circuit that exports to of comparator of different drive circuits, compare with the PMOS transistor, nmos pass transistor has lower conducting resistance, so the MOS transistor type of full blast is that (high side) all uses nmos pass transistor with low-pressure side (low side) in the high-pressure side, yet this kind design can be comparatively complicated, because need a charge pump circuit to drive the grid of high-pressure side MOS transistor basically in addition.Two half-bridges of the full-bridge type output circuit 120 among Fig. 3 embodiment partly 120a and 120b are all combined by a nmos pass transistor and a PMOS transistor, come exporting to of amplifier comparator one to want the voltage level that reaches.
Compare as modulation signal with using the all-wave triangular wave, the amplifier 100 among Fig. 3 uses half-wave triangular wave (V among the figure
SAWShown in) as modulation signal, and the voltage magnitude that " half-wave " meaning is meant modulation signal can be between whole VDD between the ground, that is can below will describe in detail less than the voltage magnitude of differential signal.The voltage magnitude of modulation signal can be between voltage V
CMBetween maximum supply voltage (if bipolar (bipolar) power supply then is the positive voltage maximum), or between voltage V
CMSupply between the voltage (if bipolar (bipolar) power supply then is the negative voltage maximum) with minimum, wherein V
CMCan be the arbitrary level between maximum and minimum supply voltage, in order to obtain maximum signal dynamics interval (dynamic range), V
CMUsually be made as the right common-mode voltage of differential signal.Though the amplitude of semi-wave modulated signal gets final product less than the amplitude of (peak-to-peak) between differential signal peak value and peak value, yet, the amplitude of modulation signal is made as half of supply unit voltage range and sets V
CMFor the common-mode voltage of integrator can have preferable usefulness, particularly as in the present embodiment with modulation signal V
SAWBe made as triangular wave, and its hunting range is that (a) is between V
CMWith (V
CM+ V
SW) between, V wherein
CMBe common-mode voltage V
SWBe the triangular wave amplitude, perhaps (b) is between V
CMWith (V
CM-V
SW) between.As previously mentioned, though common-mode voltage can be any value, from 0V to VDD, it is that common-mode voltage is to obtain between the peak signal dynamic area V in the present embodiment that the designer can select VDD/2 as if the power supply voltage range
CMBe made as VDD/2, triangular wave amplitude V
SWBetween VDD/2 to VDD or VDD/2 to 0V, modulation methods ratio juris of the present invention is plotted in Fig. 4 A and 4B, Fig. 4 A represents the schematic diagram of a string ripple signal (can also be any other signal) with the all-wave triangular modulation of known technology, Fig. 4 B then be with new modulator approach between V
CMAnd the schematic diagram of the half-wave triangular modulation between the VDD.
Modulation signal can utilize a wave mode generator to produce triangular wave, and Fig. 6 is the circuit diagram of triangular-wave generator 200, when switch SW 1 closure (close), and current source I
1With the capacitor C charging, in the output voltage V of operational amplifier
OutOn a rising edge (rising edge) can appear, its slope equals I
1/ C.Work as V
OutLess than V
LWhen (high/low voltage level limits the low-voltage threshold that module 202 sets), switch SW 2 can disconnect (open) and switch SW 1 can be closed; And work as V
OutGreater than V
HWhen (high/low voltage level limits the high voltage threshold that module 202 sets), switch SW 1 can disconnect and switch SW 2 meeting closures, so V
OutOn a trailing edge (falling edge) can appear, its slope equals-I
2/ C repeats aforesaid operations and just can obtain voltage level between V
HWith V
LBetween triangular wave, high/low voltage level limits the control signal that module 202 produces switch SW 1 and SW2, has determined the voltage oscillation scope of the triangular wave that produces simultaneously.
The noticeable semi-wave modulated signal V that is to use
SAWAfter do not need extra logical circuit just can directly produce unit triplet impulse width modulated coding and have as comprising good electromagnetic interference usefulness as the amplifier 10 that drives logic module 18 among Fig. 2, the comparator 116a of amplifier 100 and 116b can couple directly in the full-bridge type output circuit 120 nmos pass transistor and the transistorized grid of PMOS and needn't be handled in addition in the embodiment of the invention, it is the control signal with three kinds of on off states that two comparator output signals directly subtract each other, therefore at comparator 116a, 120 of 116b and full-bridge type output circuits do not need the codimg logic circuit, this is because in the switch each time of comparator 116a and 116b, the output that only has a comparator at most can be VDD, so, save extra logical process and can reduce system complexity after partly, cost, problem such as power loss and heat treatment.In addition, suppose to use identical triangular wave frequency, traditional full wave type modulation technique pulse width modulation each time conversion can produce two pulses (pulse), the half-wave formula modulation technique that employing the present invention proposes the then conversion of pulse width modulation each time only can produce a pulse, in other words, switching frequency when carrying out pulse width modulation reduces half, therefore owing to the power loss that switching loss caused has just reduced.
Please refer to Fig. 3, first half-bridge 120a of full-bridge type output circuit 120 and the output of the second half-bridge 120b are coupled to a load elements (for example loudspeaker 122) so that the pulse width modulation output signal of three primitive encodings after the amplification to be provided, as preceding as described in, this kind practice has removed three primitive encodings that need in the known technology and has driven logic module and reduce circuit complexity, in addition, in the semi-wave modulated technology, because the triangle wave voltage amplitude is only between VDD to V
CMOr V
CMTo (that is amplitude is VDD/2) between the ground, comparator 116a and 116b do not need track to track (rail-to-rail) input stage, that is to say comparator must the received signal amplitude track to track input signal from VDD to ground, the track to track comparator needs NMOS input stage and PMOS input stage to handle the track to track signal simultaneously, so the complexity of track to track comparator design can be higher than the comparator that only uses the NMOS input stage or only use the PMOS input stage.In contrast to known technology full wave type modulation distortion that (mismatch) caused because the positive half period and the negative half-cycle of triangular wave do not match, the design is more insensitive to the nonlinear distortion of triangular wave.
Fig. 5 A and Fig. 5 B have explained further why half-wave formula pulse width modulating technology is feasible, shown in Fig. 5 A, when carrying out the half-wave pulse width modulated, only to have one be actual output signal to be fed back to input to operational amplifier two differential feedback approach in each pulse width modulation period, yet because operational amplifier is adopted the relation of difference operation, another path can produce an inversion signal automatically, so but closed loop feedback still normal operation in this semi-wave modulated technology, Fig. 5 B represents the small-signal model of operational amplifier 114 when the above-mentioned half-wave pulse width modulated of execution is operated.
Though above-mentioned modulator approach is to handle differential input signal, but in fact also can be applied on single-ended (single-ended) input signal and need not change by differential amplifier conversion, in addition, the pulse width modulation of half-wave formula can also be applied in the structure of open circuit, that is to say does not need feedback element, yet, adopt closed circuit structure can cut down the non-linear noise that causes of circuit.Another point though present embodiment adopts the half-wave triangular wave as modulation signal, also can adopt half-wave string ripple or half-wave sawtooth waveforms etc. to be used as modulation signal.Another point utilizes a digital to analog converter (DAC), and amplifier 100 of the present invention promptly can be applicable on the digital input signals, for example digital D class audio amplifier.In practical application, the D class audio amplifier is used in such as on the 3C Products such as TV, mobile phone, hand-held multimedia device, notebook computer, DVD player and sound equipment, except audio frequency amplifier, the on-off mode of the D class A amplifier A different conditions of herein mentioning also can be applicable to fields such as cooler drive circuit or motor control circuit.
Though the present invention with preferred embodiment openly as above; right its is not that any those skilled in the art are under the situation that does not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention in order to qualification the present invention; can change and modification, so protection scope of the present invention is as the criterion with the claim institute restricted portion that is proposed.
Claims (28)
1. device that produces pulse width modulation, it includes:
One first and one second comparator, be used for respectively an a pair of differential signal and a half-wave modulation signal are compared to produce one first and one second pulse width modulation control signal, wherein this semi-wave modulated voltage of signals amplitude is less than this voltage magnitude to differential signal; And
One output stage, its include a pair of input be coupled to this first with this second pulse width modulation control signal with provide corresponding to this first with three primitive encoding output signals of this second pulse width modulation control signal.
2. device as claimed in claim 1, wherein this output stage includes a full-bridge type output circuit.
3. device as claimed in claim 2, wherein this is coupled to one first half-bridge in this full-bridge type output circuit to the first input end in the input, and this then is coupled to one second half-bridge in this full-bridge type output circuit to second input of 1 in the input.
4. device as claimed in claim 1, it also includes a feedback circuit this output signal is coupled to this to differential signal.
5. device as claimed in claim 4, wherein this feedback circuit includes a differential integrator, and this output stage has a pair of differential output nodes, wherein with this differential signal is coupled to this differential integrator by this this output signal to differential output nodes output.
6. device as claimed in claim 1, it also includes a waveform generator to produce this semi-wave modulated signal.
7. device as claimed in claim 1, wherein this semi-wave modulated voltage of signals amplitude is between this common-mode voltage and the predeterminated voltage less than this differential signal voltage amplitude to differential signal.
8. device as claimed in claim 7, wherein this predeterminated voltage is a maximum voltage value of this differential signal or is a minimum voltage value of this differential signal.
9. device as claimed in claim 1, wherein this semi-wave modulated signal is a half-wave triangular wave.
10. device as claimed in claim 1, it is applied to an amplifier.
11. a D class audio amplifier, it includes:
One differential amplifier receives an audio input signal to produce a pair of differential signal;
One first and one second comparator, be used for respectively this is compared to produce one first and one second pulse width modulation control signal a differential signal and a half-wave modulation signal, wherein this semi-wave modulated voltage of signals amplitude is less than this voltage magnitude to differential signal; And
One full-bridge type output circuit, it includes pair of output, and this full-bridge type output circuit provides according to these pulse width modulation control signals and amplifies ternary coded audio output signal, via this output is supplied to a load.
12. audio frequency amplifier as claimed in claim 11, wherein this full-bridge type output circuit include a pair of input be used for receiving this first with this second pulse width modulation control signal.
13. audio frequency amplifier as claimed in claim 12, wherein one first half-bridge of this full-bridge type output circuit includes pair of switches, corresponding to this first pulse width modulation control signal, and one second half-bridge of this full-bridge type output circuit includes pair of switches, corresponding to this second pulse width modulation control signal.
14. audio frequency amplifier as claimed in claim 11, it also includes a feedback circuit this output signal is coupled to this to differential signal.
15. audio frequency amplifier as claimed in claim 14, wherein this feedback circuit includes a differential integrator, this output signal of be used for being coupled this differential signal and this full-bridge type output circuit.
16. audio frequency amplifier as claimed in claim 11, it also includes a waveform generator to produce this semi-wave modulated signal.
17. audio frequency amplifier as claimed in claim 11, wherein this semi-wave modulated voltage of signals amplitude is between this common-mode voltage and the predeterminated voltage less than this differential signal voltage amplitude to differential signal.
18. audio frequency amplifier as claimed in claim 17, wherein this predeterminated voltage is a maximum voltage value of this differential signal or is a minimum voltage value of this differential signal.
19. audio frequency amplifier as claimed in claim 11, wherein this semi-wave modulated signal is a half-wave triangular wave.
20. audio frequency amplifier as claimed in claim 11, it also includes a digital/analog converter and is coupled to this differential amplifier, this D class audio amplifier is used for a digital audio data is converted to this audio input signal, so that can receive and handle this digital audio data.
21. use the method that an input signal is amplified in the ternary modulation for one kind, it comprises step has:
Respectively an a pair of differential signal and a half-wave modulation signal are compared to produce one first and one second pulse width modulation control signal, wherein this semi-wave modulated voltage of signals amplitude is less than this voltage magnitude to differential signal; And
Provide this first with this second pulse width modulation control signal to an output stage with produce corresponding to this first with three primitive encoding output signals of this second pulse width modulation control signal.
22. method as claimed in claim 21, it also comprises step:
Utilize this first to drive a full-bridge type output circuit with this second pulse width modulation control signal and output signal to a load so that a ternary code differential of amplifying to be provided.
23. method as claimed in claim 21, it also comprises step:
Produce this to differential signal according to this input signal.
24. method as claimed in claim 21, it also comprises step:
Feed back this ternary code differential and output signal to this differential signal.
25. method as claimed in claim 21, wherein this input signal is an audio signal.
26. method as claimed in claim 21, wherein this semi-wave modulated voltage of signals amplitude is between this common-mode voltage and the predeterminated voltage less than this differential signal voltage amplitude to differential signal.
27. method as claimed in claim 26, wherein this predeterminated voltage is a maximum voltage value of this differential signal or is a minimum voltage value of this differential signal.
28. method as claimed in claim 21, wherein this semi-wave modulated signal is a half-wave triangular wave.
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