CN101148867A - Flood discharging method and flood discharging tunnel employing rotational flow and strong moisture mixing energy dissipation - Google Patents
Flood discharging method and flood discharging tunnel employing rotational flow and strong moisture mixing energy dissipation Download PDFInfo
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- CN101148867A CN101148867A CNA2007101633143A CN200710163314A CN101148867A CN 101148867 A CN101148867 A CN 101148867A CN A2007101633143 A CNA2007101633143 A CN A2007101633143A CN 200710163314 A CN200710163314 A CN 200710163314A CN 101148867 A CN101148867 A CN 101148867A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to flood discharge method and flood discharge tunnel dissipating energy by means of eddying flow and intense water-air mixing, and is especially one flood discharge tunnel for high water head large hydraulic power project. The flood discharge tunnel includes one water inlet in the upstream of dam, one eddy flow and fall head energy dissipating facility connected to the water inlet and provided with well, one water cushion pond with one waterproofing pier in the exit for further energy dissipating, one water output tunnel connected to the water cushion pond and one water outlet. The flood discharge tunnel has one energy dissipating rate as high as 90 %, and can control the outlet flow rate and prevent cavitation erosion, scouring and atomizing effectively.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of flood discharging method and flood discharging tunnel that adopts eddy flow and strong moisture mixing energy dissipation, it is the novel flood discharging tunnel of a kind of rotational flow silo (or level rotary flow hole) associating cushion pool energy dissipating, this flood discharging tunnel can mix a large amount of air and carry out powerful aqueous vapor turbulent fluctuation blending, the flood energy of letting out under the high water level checkdam can be disappeared 90%, therefore can avoid high-velocity flow to wash away and cause to atomize to the destruction of hydraulic structure with to underwater bed and cause the instability of bank slope, the present invention is useful for the flood discharging tunnel of high water head large-scale hydroelectric project.
Background technology
The shortcoming of tradition flood discharging tunnel has many.At first this flood discharging tunnel must straightly in the plane be built, turning can not be arranged, and the interim Diversion Tunnel of building for cut-off dam making, because of being subjected to orographic condition restriction majority is to have bend, this is very difficult for utilizing the reconstruction of diversion tunnel flood discharging tunnel, though also can overcome through well-designed, expense is to increase a lot.In addition, because traditional flood discharging tunnel is to adopt inclined shaft to be connected with Diversion Tunnel by anti-segmental arc.Aspect construction, the construction of inclined shaft is difficulty relatively, and the planeness of spillwag chute has strict requirement simultaneously; Aspect hydraulics, energy dissipation rate is lower in the hole, and is particularly under high drop, very big near anti-segmental arc downstream flow rate of water flow, as the stream scooter 38～50m/s of 100～200m head, is the sensitizing range of cavitation erosion.The whole world has the destruction of many flood discharging tunnels all (huge dell is broken, is washed into to the base plate reinforcing bar because of this place's generation cavitation corrosion causes, and the long concrete floor of over one hundred rice started), as the Hu Fo of the U.S., yellow tail dam, flood discharging tunnels such as the Liujia Gorge of China and power station, two beaches, the heavy damage accident has all taken place, and has directly threatened the safety of dash dam.In addition, because the flood discharge hole outlet flow velocity is bigger, easily wash away the riverbed, the atomizating phenomenon that is produced simultaneously directly influences the stable of downstream high slope.Address these problems the investment of hydroelectric project is sharply increased, and be difficult to guarantee that engineering is perfectly safe.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming prior art problems, the present invention proposes a kind of flood discharging method and flood discharging tunnel that adopts eddy flow and strong moisture mixing energy dissipation.The present invention finds a kind of novel eddy flow and the energy dissipating flood discharging method of powerful moisture mixing, promptly builds the shortcoming that a kind of novel flood discharging tunnel can overcome prior art.The employing of this method, impel current rotations nature aeration and in cushion pool the abundant blending stirring action of aqueous vapor, make current when bigger drop potential energy is converted into kinetic energy, lot of energy in the water is eliminated, make the smooth-going outflow flood discharging tunnel of flood.And designed two kinds of flood discharging tunnels according to this method, solved the knotty problem of traditional flood discharging tunnel effectively.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of flood discharging method of eddy flow and strong moisture mixing energy dissipation that adopts comprises: water inlet, derivation conduit, eddy flow drop energy-dissipating installation, cushion pool, the pier that blocks water, the cave of debouchure, delivery port, and its described step is:
The step that current enter flood discharging tunnel through water inlet, derivation conduit;
Current are eliminated the step of drop and eddy flow energy dissipating through eddy flow drop energy-dissipating installation;
Current through the eddy flow energy dissipating enter cushion pool, the step of further energy dissipating under the effect of the pier that blocks water;
Enter the step of downstream river course by the cave of debouchure and delivery port thereof through the current of three energy dissipatings.
A kind of flood discharging tunnel that adopts eddy flow and strong moisture mixing energy dissipation, comprise: build flood discharging tunnel water inlet on bank, hydroelectric project dash dam upstream, what link to each other with described water inlet is to have can making the current whereabouts and producing the eddy flow drop energy-dissipating installation of rotation energy dissipating of vertical shaft, what be connected with described eddy flow drop energy-dissipating installation is the further cushion pool of usefulness approaching with the dash dam level of tail water, exit at described cushion pool is provided with the pier that blocks water, what be connected with described cushion pool is that the described cave of debouchure is connected with the flood discharging tunnel delivery port by the cave of debouchure of building the reconstruction of diversion tunnel of building in the dam construction.
The beneficial effect that the present invention produces is: the measure of the eddy flow of use and the energy dissipating of cushion pool blending diffusion of moisture, the water flow dynamic energy that the high water level drop is produced is eliminated effectively, test research factually, the energy of 50～60% in the eddy flow energy dissipating elimination of water stream, again by the cushion pool energy dissipating of (containing the pier that blocks water), energy dissipation rate reaches 90% in the hole, and the standard when exit velocity can be controlled at construction diversion has prevented cavitation corrosion effectively, washed away and atomizating phenomenon.Therefore flood discharge hole outlet of the present invention needn't be provided with any energy-dissipating installation, be vertical shaft owing to what use in addition, with regard to its engineering quantity and difficulty of construction all less than the inclined shaft of traditional flood discharging tunnel, particularly, any pattern reconstruction of diversion tunnel that flood discharging tunnel of the present invention can utilize dam engineering to discard forms (no matter whether Diversion Tunnel turns, which kind of pattern its section is), Diversion Tunnel all will block discarded after dam built up under normal conditions.From the engineering cost of above several savings will be appreciable.
Description of drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 is traditional flood discharging tunnel schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the position view of flood discharging tunnel vertical shaft in dam in the embodiment of the invention one, four;
Fig. 3 is the hold concurrently flood discharging tunnel schematic diagram of cushion pool of rotational flow silo in the embodiment of the invention two, five, is the B-B sectional drawing of Fig. 5;
Fig. 4 is the cave of debouchure sectional view described in the embodiment of the invention five, be among Fig. 3 E to view;
Fig. 5 is the flood discharging tunnel plan view described in the embodiment of the invention five, is A-A sectional drawing among Fig. 3;
Fig. 6 is the hold concurrently flood discharging tunnel schematic diagram of cushion pool of the level rotary flow hole described in the embodiment of the invention six, is the F-F sectional drawing of Fig. 7;
Fig. 7 is that the vertical shaft described in the embodiment of the invention six has reached and revolves the chamber generalized section, is the G-G sectional drawing of Fig. 6;
Fig. 8 is the pier schematic diagram that blocks water described in the embodiment of the invention six, is the H-H sectional drawing of Fig. 6.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment one:
Traditional flood discharging tunnel is chosen stream bank (or absorption basin) 5 by water inlet 1, inclined shaft 2, anti-segmental arc 3, the free flow cave of debouchure (Diversion Tunnel utilizes section) 4 and outlet and is formed as shown in Figure 1.The flood discharge process of traditional flood discharging tunnel can simply be described as: when the upper pond flood enters flood discharging tunnel by water inlet, because no any energy-dissipating installation, the kinetic energy that high water level difference potential energy is transformed focuses on anti-segmental arc exit at the bottom of the hole, the low flow velocity of this place's pressure is the highest, earial drainage cavitation number minimum, be the cavitation corrosion sensitizing range, cavitation erosion very easily takes place.Though can be provided with from anti-segmental arc upstream air channel to anti-segmental arc aeration with deduction and exemption cavitation corrosion effect, escape this difficulty for the flood discharging tunnel of frequent operation also difficulty, just confirmed this point as the destruction of two beach flood discharging tunnels.
For overcoming the shortcoming of the flood discharging method that has flood discharging tunnel now, present embodiment has proposed a kind of flood discharging method that adopts eddy flow and strong moisture mixing energy dissipation, and employed release floodwatering facility as shown in Figure 2.Build underground on the bank of hydroelectric project dash dam 9 (reservoir level with have the water inlet UNICOM of gate, it is underground that vertical shaft and flood discharging tunnel are that Diversion Tunnel is built in), be used for the flow that drains off floodwater, to guarantee the safety of dam.The described flood discharging tunnel of present embodiment can disappear to greatest extent because the kinetic energy that big above and below the dam high water level difference is produced.The dam main body of discarded construction diversion hole 10, back as this flood discharging tunnel of damming built in utilization.No matter Diversion Tunnel be straight line or band is turned can utilize, the upstream water inlet connects with bottom flood discharging tunnel (being former Diversion Tunnel part) by vertical shaft (rather than oblique hole).As shown in Figure 1, the inlet 6 of former Diversion Tunnel is discarded, beats vertical shaft 8 in suitable position, the upstream of dash dam and is connected with former Diversion Tunnel, and set up water inlet 7 at the vertical shaft inlet.In order to prevent cavitation corrosion and to strengthen the energy dissipating dynamics, vertical shaft or part flood discharging tunnel to be built up the eddy flow type of flow, and cushion pool is set and the pier that blocks water carries out combined energy dissipation three times, the usefulness rate reaches 90%.
The Diversion Tunnel that the present embodiment utilization is dug when hydroelectric project dash dam is built is reconstructed, employed facility comprises: water inlet, derivation conduit, eddy flow drop energy-dissipating installation, cushion pool, the pier that blocks water, the cave of debouchure, delivery port 11 (not needing to build the energy dissipater), and its described step is:
The step that current enter flood discharging tunnel through water inlet, derivation conduit;
Current are eliminated the step of drop and eddy flow energy dissipating through eddy flow drop energy-dissipating installation;
Current through the eddy flow energy dissipating enter cushion pool, the step of further energy dissipating under the effect of the pier that blocks water;
Enter the step of downstream river course by the cave of debouchure and delivery port thereof through the current of three energy dissipatings.
Embodiment two:
Present embodiment proposes a kind of rotational flow silo (current are around the rotation of vertical shaft axle) cushion pool energy dissipating flood discharging method of holding concurrently, and is the improvement of embodiment one.
About the volute chamber structure of rotational flow silo, Italy just used on the urban sewerage and drainage minor works as far back as the sixties in 20th century, because its complex structure, relative size are big, was not applied to yet on the large and medium-sized hydroelectric project so far.The simple and easy eddy flow volute chamber structure first Application of China institute of water section nineteen ninety-five design is husky board power station flood discharging tunnel to Sichuan, has opened the gate that hydroelectric project is used.But the flood discharging tunnel of husky board type also will excavate the power well that disappears under the base plate of hole, and construction is difficulty, and energy dissipation rate only reaches 70% in the hole, still can not satisfy the requirement of high water head flood-discharge energy-dissipating.
The structure mechanism of energy dissipation of present embodiment: current rotate around the volute chamber axle, be involved in a large amount of air from the derivation conduit headroom, generation has the cavity spiral flow, produce annular hydraulic jump in the vertical shaft bottom, through the flood discharging tunnel shrinkage hole, current diffuse into cushion pool suddenly and carry out powerful moisture mixing and stirring, to the pier outlet current turbulent fluctuation diffusion again that blocks water, consume big energy, current begin to carry out the transition to free flow by flowing full in the hole, and fluidised form is steady in the hole, downstream.Energy dissipation rate reaches 90%, promptly can be controlled in below the 15m/s for flow velocity in the flood discharging tunnel hole of 100m head; Can be controlled in below the 20m/s for flow velocity in the flood discharging tunnel hole of 200m head, make flow velocity drop to the index of flow velocity in the construction diversion phase hole, can effectively avoid cavitation erosion takes place in the hole, alleviate outlet bed scour and atomizating phenomenon simultaneously.
The employed key facility of present embodiment comprises: water inlet 7, derivation conduit 12, volute chamber 13 and vertical shaft 8, shrink aperture 15, concrete plug 14, cushion pool 16, the pier 17 that blocks water, the cave of debouchure 10 and form, wherein shrink aperture, cushion pool, block water pier and the cave of debouchure are the reconstruction of diversion tunnel of digging during by former dash dam construction.Its layout is seen Fig. 2 and Fig. 5, and the flow process of current as shown in Figure 3.
Present embodiment is that current among the embodiment one are eliminated the process improvement of drop and eddy flow energy dissipating through eddy flow drop energy-dissipating installation, and the front and back process is as described in the embodiment one.The flow process of current in eddy flow drop energy-dissipating installation is:
Current enter volute chamber.
Current form the spiral flow that rotates around vertical axis and fall under the effect of volute chamber water conservancy diversion, be involved in a large amount of air from the derivation conduit water surface during current rotation.
In vertical shaft, form the spiral flow whereabouts that has cavity because eddy flow is involved in air, produce the annular hydraulic jump energy dissipating in the vertical shaft bottom.
Current arrive silo bottom, flow into cushion pool through shrinking the aperture.
The energy dissipating step of vertical shaft eddy flow and cushion pool is the committed step of energy dissipating.It is on the one hand owing to outside eddy flow increase friction loss on the way, the more important thing is a large amount of energy of the powerful blending shear action consumption of aqueous vapor in annular hydraulic jump and the cushion pool, most of energy in the high-velocity flow consumes in this step, this is the topmost energy-dissipating installation in the present embodiment, and is the key facility that solves high water drop.Wherein cushion pool and eddy flow drop energy-dissipating installation match and close key energy dissipating effect, because only rely on energy dissipation rate (50～60) % of eddy flow drop energy-dissipating installation self, still can not satisfy the requirement that prevents cavitation corrosion, and after increasing the spiral energy dissipating of the cushion pool aqueous vapor turbulent fluctuation mixing energy dissipation and the pier that blocks water, maximum energy dissipation rate can reach 90%.The cushion pool structure is very simple, need not excavate any basis, just utilizes one section existing tunnel (former Diversion Tunnel), and the pier that blocks water is set, because the resistance effect of the pier that blocks water is full of water body with cushion pool, increases effect of energy dissipation; The pier that blocks water also only is the prominent type body of casting reinforced concrete on the limit wall at tunnel one place and base plate, and construction is simple.The described energy-dissipating structure of present embodiment has been cancelled the power that the disappears well that is difficult to construct.The kinetic energy effect that the high drop of solution current is produced in traditional flood discharging tunnel realizes that by the outlet energy-dissipating installation hidden danger of high-velocity flow is stayed in the flood discharging tunnel, and the result not only is prone to the cavitation corrosion problem in the hole, and outlet riverbed and side slope are also dangerous.
Embodiment three:
Present embodiment is described to be to utilize one section level rotary flow hole (current are around the rotation of adit axle) to connect the flood discharging method of cushion pool energy dissipating, is the another improvement that current flow in the eddy flow drop is implemented among the embodiment one.Employed facility mainly contains vertical shaft 8, ventilation well 18, rises and revolve chamber 19, eddy flow hole 20, cushion pool 16, the cave of debouchure 10 compositions.Work wherein that to revolve chamber, eddy flow hole, cushion pool and flood discharging tunnel all be to build in the Diversion Tunnel.Its layout schematic diagram is still seen Fig. 2, and the flow process of water as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7.
The step of flood-discharge energy-dissipating is: current enter vertical shaft from water inlet, rotate rising to revolve in chamber and the eddy flow hole, formation has the spiral flow of cavity, make the three-dimensional rotation diffusion motion to cushion pool import current, carry out powerful moisture mixing and stirring, flow to when blocking water pier the diffusion of turbulent fluctuation again and produce local turbulence, this moment, flood discharging tunnel began to be converted to free flow fluidised form near unhurried current from flowing full, and the water surface is more steady.Present embodiment two is because the combination of eddy flow hole, cushion pool and the pier that blocks water plays key energy dissipating effect equally.
The effect of cushion pool is very important and crucial, is that level rotary flow energy dissipating process or vertical eddy flow energy dissipating process have all played best effect of energy dissipation with the cushion pool cooperation.
Study husky board (gross head 90m) rotational flow silo flood discharging tunnel in early days and reckon without the benefit of establishing cushion pool, but under vertical shaft excavation disappear power well and establish curve pressing plate and air vent in the bottom of Diversion Tunnel base plate on top, hole, downstream, the energy dissipation rate of flood discharging tunnel only reaches 70% as a result, flow velocity still has 23m/s, the fluidised form fluctuation is bigger in the hole, the flood discharge hole outlet place has to establish choose flows the bank energy-dissipating installation, and effect of energy dissipation is unsatisfactory.The present invention finally makes the maximum energy dissipation rate of flood discharging tunnel reach 90% after the vertical shaft exit is provided with contraction aperture and cushion pool, and effect of energy dissipation is very remarkable.Need not set up any energy-dissipating installation again in the exit, promptly safety is economical again.
Outlet in the level rotary flow hole is provided with the best especially combination of cushion pool, and this is because can shorten eddy flow hole length, saves construction investment, current keep stronger spinning momentum to enter in the cushion pool simultaneously, increase the rotation extension, the powerful blending of aqueous vapor is stirred, consumed big energy.Because the cross sectional shape of China's Diversion Tunnel mostly is so-called gateway opening type, or claim the arched door type, promptly top is the shape that the rectangle of dome-shaped and bottom is joined together to form similar gateway opening.The cross sectional shape in level rotary flow hole must be circular, so will transform the Diversion Tunnel in gateway opening type cross section as circle.If do not use cushion pool, only usage level eddy flow hole will reach the effect of energy dissipating more than 80%, just must make the length in level rotary flow hole meet or exceed 10 times of length to the eddy flow hole dia, if promptly the diameter in level rotary flow hole is 10 meters, then the length in level rotary flow hole must surpass more than 100 meters.In addition, according to the requirement of eddy flow pressure, the diameter in eddy flow hole is less than the Diversion Tunnel cross dimensions, and the gateway opening type reconstruction of diversion tunnel that therefore will grow distance like this will water a large amount of concrete for circular eddy flow hole, and is very uneconomical.If cushion pool is set up in the exit in the level rotary flow hole, just can shorten the length in level rotary flow hole greatly.Calculate that according to the model testing result length in circular cross-section hole is counted from the vertical shaft axis, as long as it is just much of that to equal 3 times of eddy flow hole dia, if promptly the diameter in level rotary flow hole is 10 meters, then the length in level rotary flow hole is less than 30 meters, and economic benefit is very considerable.Because shorten in the eddy flow hole, its end can keep very strong spinning momentum, makes current once entering cushion pool strong rotation diffusion motion take place, and the abundant blending of aqueous vapor is stirred, greatly consumed energy.The pier that blocks water of cushion pool end not only plays resistance effect and makes cushion pool keep flowing full, itself is exactly to make up baffle pier, consumes dump energy.The energy dissipating system is closed in resistances such as this level rotary flow hole and cushion pool finally makes the interior energy dissipation rate of flood discharging tunnel reach 90%, and the water surface is steady in the hole, can make the 40m/s flow velocity of traditional flood discharging tunnel reduce to 15m/s, and flood discharge hole outlet need not any energy-dissipating installation.From the aspect that obtains optimum efficiency and reduce expenses, the energy dissipating method of this short distance level rotary flow hole and cushion pool mating type is not only applicable to transform gateway opening type Diversion Tunnel, also be applicable to the Diversion Tunnel of transforming the shape of a hoof and circular cross-section, can obtain satisfied effect.
The mechanism of energy dissipation of present embodiment: current revolve the chamber horizontal rotational shaft around rising, suck a large amount of air from the ventilation well, in the level rotary flow hole, produce the spiral flow that has cavity, current are once entering the powerful rotation diffusion of cushion pool, the abundant blending of aqueous vapor is stirred, once shrink diffusion again when blocking water pier, consume big energy when water has flow to, energy dissipation rate also reaches 90% in the hole as a result, can make flow velocity in the hole drop to the standard of flow velocity in the construction diversion phase hole equally.
The process of the current of present embodiment energy dissipating in eddy flow drop energy-dissipating installation is:
Current enter vertical shaft.
Current have entered in the bottom of vertical shaft and have revolved the chamber, and current flow around horizontal rotational shaft under the guide functions revolve the chamber rising, and suck a large amount of air from the ventilation well.
The rotary water current that sucks a large amount of air enters the eddy flow hole, forms horizontal cavity spiral flow flow further downstream.
Current flow out the eddy flow hole, flow into cushion pool.
Embodiment four:
Present embodiment is a kind of flood discharging tunnel that adopts eddy flow and strong moisture mixing energy dissipation, as shown in Figure 2.The flood discharging tunnel of described employing eddy flow and strong moisture mixing energy dissipation comprises: build the flood discharging tunnel water inlet 7 on bank, hydroelectric project dash dam upstream, what link to each other with water inlet is to have can making the current whereabouts and producing the eddy flow drop energy-dissipating installation of rotation energy dissipating of vertical shaft 8, what be connected with eddy flow drop energy-dissipating installation is the further cushion pool of usefulness approaching with the dash dam level of tail water, exit at cushion pool is provided with the pier that blocks water, what be connected with cushion pool is that the cave of debouchure is connected with the delivery port of flood discharging tunnel by the cave of debouchure of building the reconstruction of diversion tunnel of building in the dam construction.Delivery port at flood discharging tunnel need not to build any energy-dissipating installation.
Embodiment five:
Present embodiment is one of among embodiment four Fig. 2, as Fig. 3, Fig. 4, shown in Figure 5.The main improvement of present embodiment is an eddy flow drop energy-dissipating installation.The described eddy flow drop of present embodiment energy-dissipating installation comprises the derivation conduit 12 that is connected with the flood discharging tunnel water inlet, what be connected with derivation conduit is to make current produce the volute chamber 13 that rotates around vertical axis, serrated end is provided with vertical shaft 8 in the volute chamber bottom, the bottom of vertical shaft begins the turning and is provided with contraction aperture 15, shrinks the aperture and connects cushion pool 16.
The Diversion Tunnel of digging when present embodiment utilizes former dash dam construction, suitable position excavating shaft above former Diversion Tunnel is built volute chamber in the upper end of vertical shaft, water inlet is set water is introduced volute chamber.The sluice way that current are introduced volute chamber can have, and also can not have, and current can directly enter volute chamber.The shape of volute chamber imports vertical shaft with current from tangential direction as the hodmadod that keeps flat, and makes the current rotation, as shown in Figure 5.Former Diversion Tunnel entry blocks with concrete plug 14 on one side, and the position that Diversion Tunnel is connected with vertical shaft is provided with shrinks the aperture, shrinkage factor ε=(d/D)
2=0.7 (d-shrinks orifice diameter, D-vertical shaft diameter) at the distance vertical shaft axial length 4D place casting reinforced concrete pier (blocking water pier shown among Fig. 3,4 and 5 17) that blocks water, constitutes a cushion pool in the hole, cushion pool is full of water body during flood discharge.Shrinkage hole, cushion pool, block water pier and flood discharging tunnel all are located in the discarded Diversion Tunnel.
Embodiment six:
Present embodiment is one of among embodiment four Fig. 2, as Fig. 6, Fig. 7, shown in Figure 8.Present embodiment is different with embodiment five energy-dissipating installations.Eddy flow drop energy-dissipating installation comprises with water inlet 7 and is connected vertical shaft 8, silo bottom is connected with current being produced revolve chamber 19 around rising of horizontal rotational shaft, work cecum one side of revolving the chamber and be provided with ventilation well 18, work the opposite side that revolves the chamber and connect level rotary flow hole 20, the level rotary flow hole is connected with cushion pool 16.
Present embodiment is the novel energy-dissipating structure that the level rotary flow hole outlet under vertical shaft is established cushion pool.Present embodiment utilizes the Diversion Tunnel of digging when building the dash dam equally.Be at the appropriate location of former Diversion Tunnel excavating shaft, the position that is connected with the eddy flow hole of former reconstruction of diversion tunnel in the bottom of vertical shaft has been provided with revolves the chamber.Work the shape revolve the chamber as on end hodmadod, the guiding current enter the eddy flow hole from tangential direction, make current form eddy flow, as shown in Figure 7.Revolve the chamber and connect the level rotary flow hole (K-eddy flow hole dia) that a segment length equals 3K by rising in the vertical shaft bottom, to pour into a mould the pier that blocks water at the long 4K of distance eddy flow hole outlet place, as shown in Figure 8, to constitute a cushion pool, to be provided with the ventilation well at the upstream cecum that revolves the chamber.Rise and to revolve chamber, eddy flow hole and cushion pool (containing the pier that blocks water) and all be located in the discarded Diversion Tunnel, the eddy flow hole is a circular cross section, and Diversion Tunnel is gateway opening shape section normally, and its cross dimensions is greater than eddy flow hole section, naturally formation sudden expansion phenomenon.
Claims (6)
1. one kind is adopted the flood discharging method of eddy flow and strong moisture mixing energy dissipation to comprise: water inlet, derivation conduit, eddy flow drop energy-dissipating installation, cushion pool, the pier that blocks water, the cave of debouchure, delivery port is characterized in that described step:
The step that current enter flood discharging tunnel through water inlet, derivation conduit;
Current are eliminated the step of drop and eddy flow energy dissipating through eddy flow drop energy-dissipating installation;
Current through the eddy flow energy dissipating enter cushion pool, the step of further energy dissipating under the effect of the pier that blocks water;
Enter the step of downstream river course by the cave of debouchure and delivery port thereof through the current of three energy dissipatings.
2. a kind of eddy flow according to claim 1 and strong moisture mixing flood discharging method, described eddy flow drop energy-dissipating installation comprises volute chamber, vertical shaft, shrinkage cavity mouth, it is characterized in that described current eliminate the substep in the step of drop and eddy flow energy dissipating through eddy flow drop energy-dissipating installation:
Current enter the substep of volute chamber;
Current form the spiral flow that rotates around vertical axis and fall under the effect of volute chamber water conservancy diversion, be involved in the substep of a large amount of air during the current rotation from the derivation conduit water surface;
In vertical shaft, form the spiral flow whereabouts that has cavity because eddy flow is involved in air, produce the substep of annular hydraulic jump energy dissipating in the vertical shaft bottom;
Current arrive silo bottom, through shrinking the substep that the aperture flows into cushion pool.
3. another kind of eddy flow according to claim 1 and strong moisture mixing flood discharging method, described eddy flow drop energy-dissipating installation comprises: vertical shaft, rise and to revolve chamber, ventilation well, eddy flow hole, it is characterized in that described current eliminate the substep in the step of drop and eddy flow energy dissipating through eddy flow drop energy-dissipating installation:
Current enter the substep of vertical shaft;
Current have entered in the bottom of vertical shaft and have revolved the chamber, and current flow around horizontal rotational shaft under the guide functions revolve the chamber rising, and suck the substep of a large amount of air from the ventilation well;
The rotary water current that sucks a large amount of air enters the eddy flow hole, forms the substep of horizontal cavity spiral flow flow further downstream;
Current flow out the eddy flow hole, flow into the substep of cushion pool.
4. flood discharging tunnel that adopts eddy flow and strong moisture mixing energy dissipation, comprise: build flood discharging tunnel water inlet on bank, hydroelectric project dash dam upstream, it is characterized in that, what link to each other with described water inlet is to have can making the current whereabouts and producing the eddy flow drop energy-dissipating installation of rotation energy dissipating of vertical shaft, what be connected with described eddy flow drop energy-dissipating installation is the further cushion pool of usefulness approaching with the dash dam level of tail water, exit at described cushion pool is provided with the pier that blocks water, what be connected with described cushion pool is that the described cave of debouchure is connected with the flood discharging tunnel delivery port by the cave of debouchure of building the reconstruction of diversion tunnel of building in the dam construction.
5. a kind of flood discharging tunnel that adopts eddy flow and strong moisture mixing energy dissipation according to claim 4, it is characterized in that described eddy flow drop energy-dissipating installation comprises the derivation conduit that is connected with the flood discharging tunnel water inlet, what be connected with described derivation conduit is to make current produce the volute chamber that rotates around vertical axis, serrated end is provided with vertical shaft in the volute chamber bottom, the bottom of described vertical shaft begins the turning and is provided with the contraction aperture, and described contraction aperture connects cushion pool.
6. a kind of flood discharging tunnel that adopts eddy flow and strong moisture mixing energy dissipation according to claim 4, it is characterized in that described eddy flow drop energy-dissipating installation comprises with water inlet is connected vertical shaft, described silo bottom is connected with current being produced revolve the chamber around rising of horizontal rotational shaft, described cecum one side of revolving the chamber is provided with the ventilation well, described opposite side that revolves the chamber connects the level rotary flow hole, and described level rotary flow hole is connected with cushion pool.
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| CN102787589A (en) * | 2012-08-24 | 2012-11-21 | 上海市城市建设设计研究总院 | Energy dissipater in wading engineering |
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