CN101144110A - Method for directly producing ferrochromium from chrome ore powder and coal - Google Patents
Method for directly producing ferrochromium from chrome ore powder and coal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for directly producing ferro chromium with chrome powder and coal. The chrome powder and the coal powder, etc are produced into carbon-bearing pellets, and the reaction temperature is controlled below the pellet soft melting temperature. The slag phase alkalinity is enhanced, to increase the reaction temperature as far as possible, thereby speeding up the reaction speed and improving the metal percent reduction. During the cooling process, the high alkalinity metallised pellet is naturally pulverized because of the existence of thermal stress and excessive carbon powder, and the ferro chromium can be obtained by sieving. Harmful elements of P, S, etc in the raw material are mainly reserved in the slag phase, and thereby the ferro chromium with low P and S content can be obtained. The method of the present invention replaces the traditional electric arc furnace smelting method, provides the ferro chromium with low cost for the smelting and the production of stainless steel, and reduces the dependence of the production of the ferro chromium on a large amount of electric power and lump ore. The ferro chromium is ferro chromium with low P and S content.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of direct reduction production method of ferrochrome, specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of method of utilizing chromite ore fine and coal direct production ferrochrome, described production method provides ferrochrome cheaply for stainless production, and described ferrochrome is the ferrochrome of low P, S content.
Background technology
The method of smelting stainless steel has: single stage method, two step method and three-step approach.Single stage method, i.e. one step of electric furnace smelting stainless steel.Because the stainless steel production method that this method is a kind of cost height, productivity is low, so there be limited evidence currently of adopts.
Many years ago, someone matches any and electric furnace of VOD (vacuum-oxygen decarbonizing) and AOD (coming decarburization with argon gas and oxygen) a refining unit, just form stainless two step method production technique, adopted the technology of electric furnace and VOD two step method steel-making relatively to be fit to the stainless steel production of the compatible factory of many kinds on a small scale.Has the advantage that handiness is better, comprehensive cost is lower.But its shortcoming is: furnace lining is short work-ing life; The consumption of reduction ferrosilicon is big; Can't produce ultralow C, ultralow nitrogen, stainless steel at present, and air content is higher in the steel; The argon gas consumption is big.But quite most in the world at present stainless steel still adopts two step method production, particularly produces by the AOD stove, relatively is fit to the large-size stainless steel special manufacturer and uses.
Three-step approach, i.e. electric furnace+combined blown converter+VOD three steps smelting stainless steel.Be characterized in electric furnace as melting unit, only be responsible for providing the work in-process that contain Cr, Ni molten steel that the combined blown converter main task is the quick decarburization of oxygen blast, to reach the purpose of the maximum Cr of recovery to converter.The VOD vacuum oxygen is responsible for further decarburization, the degassing and trimming.Three-step approach relatively is fit to the relatively area of shortage of argon gas supply, and adopts the higher molten iron of carbon content to make raw material, and produces the special manufacturer of hanging down C, low N stainless steel large percentage and adopt
" three-step approach " stainless steel new process of production of developing the eighties, promptly first furnace (electric arc furnace or converter) converter one vacuum refining furnace.Just furnace only plays fusing effect (mother liquor of stainless steel is provided), refining furnace is mainly VOD or AOD, also have RH-OB (the circulating vacuum degassing that band heats up is handled), RH-KTB (the comprehensive vacuum outgas that Kawasaki, Japan company is famous. decarburization. heating. dust and comprehensive vacuum refinement equipment and technology thereof that function such as wash heat forms) technology.
From the angle of chromium, the source of mother liquor of stainless steel mainly contains following four kinds: (1) waste stainless steel; (2) solid high carbon ferro-chrome; (3) liquid high carbon ferro-chrome; (4) liquid mother liquor of stainless steel.At present, most stainless steel Production Flow Charts method of all adopting steel scrap (or molten iron) to add carbon ferrochrome is obtained mother liquor of stainless steel (being chromium-containing molten iron).Developing country's steel scrap shortage of resources, mother liquor of stainless steel adopt the electric arc furnace of solid high carbon ferro-chrome+common molten iron (or adding the part steel scrap again) to mix the method for converting mostly.This method need be used electric energy refuse solid high carbon ferro-chrome, and production cost increases.Because high carbon ferro-chrome is produced in ore-smelting furnace, there is the power consumption height in it, productivity is low and (raw material is blocky chromium iron ore and metallurgical coke to problems such as chrome ore requirement height, about 3000～the 4000kwh/t of power consumption generally contains chromium greater than about 6000 yuan of 60% high carbon ferro-chrome price/t).In addition, chrome ore reductive dynamic conditions is poor, and the rate of recovery of its chromium only is 78%～93.7%.According to statistics, one ton of carbon ferrochrome of every smelting needs 1880～2250kg chromium lump ore, 410～520kg coke, 85～95kg silica and 75～85kg steel cuttings, power consumption 3100～3300kwh, chromium recovery ratio 92～95% approximately.The fatal shortcoming of above-mentioned flow process is that energy consumption is big, cost is high, can not uses ferrochrome fine ore resource, and the environmental pollution that produces is more serious.
For reducing the stainless steel production cost, each stainless steel big producing country of the world all reduces the method for ferrochrome production cost in exploitation, summarize and get up to have following two big classes:
One class methods are to utilize chrome ore (powder) to produce furnace charge level ferrochrome or chromium-containing molten iron.For example, the rotary kiln prereduction-combined blown converter iron-bath molten reduction method of company of Japanese Nippon Steel exploitation, this method can be produced the furnace charge level ferrochrome that contains chromium 53%.And for example, Kawasaki Iron And Steel Company adopts the iron-bath molten reduction technology that chromite ore fine directly is blown into combined blown converter, according to this technology, can produce the molten iron that contains chromium 11～16%, and further smelt into stainless steel, if with STAR stove (dust recovery smelting furnace) dust (containing chromium) that is scattered is reclaimed, then the comprehensive recovery of this technology chromium can be up to 97%.
Produce in the process exploitation of chromium-containing molten iron at the converter smelting reduction process, the metallargist of China had also once carried out number of research projects, and in 15 tons of converters of Shanghai No.5 Steel and Iron Plant, carried out pilot-plant test in the mid-90, the highest mother liquor of stainless steel that has obtained to contain chromium 18% has been grasped gordian techniquies such as relevant feed rate, secondary combustion, slag making and reduction temperature control.Because the converter smelting reduction process must rely on TECHNIQUE TO LARGE INTEGRATED STEEL WORKS, and outside need putting into the melting pot converter, the molten iron chromium content of being produced by the converter smelting reduction process is low, smelting cycle is long, the quantity of slag is big, and therefore, this method does not obtain bigger applying so far.
The method of another kind of reduction ferrochrome production cost is, chromite ore fine (its cost is lower by about 30% than ferrochrome lump ore) made carbonaceous pelletizing carry out prereduction, is used for mine heat furnace smelting ferrochrome or electric furnace DIRECT ALLOYING then, to reach energy saving purposes.
Up to now, industry has been carried out big quantity research to the prereduction of carbon containing chrome pellets both at home and abroad, and generally believes that the principal element that influences the chrome ore reduction ratio is chrome ore granularity, interior mixed carbon comtent and temperature of reaction.The eighties of last century early eighties, Zhejiang Hengshan Ferroalloy Factory has just taken the lead in carrying out using pre-reduced chrome ore pellet to do the research of raw material production carbon ferrochrome.After this, Shanghai Ferroally Plant produces carbon ferrochrome with the chrome pellets of colding pressing that contains coke powder in the hot stove in ore deposit.These research work have effectively utilized chrome ore fines, have reduced melting electric consumption and ferrochrome production cost.But ball (or briquetting) and prereduction technology are made in this arts demand increase, and the power consumption of the hot stove in ore deposit is still very high, even the best SRC method (chrome pellets solid state reduction method) of energy-saving effect is smelted energy consumption still greater than 2000kwh/t.
In recent years, round utilizing chromite powder and energy-saving and cost-reducing, people have carried out a large amount of research and development to the mine heat furnace smelting ferrochrome, and its main direction of studying has:
The coreless armature technology promptly, drops into fine ore in electric furnace, its fine ore maximum adding quantity can reach 28%, and for example, " CN 961119757.9 ", denomination of invention are the Chinese patent of " method of directly using chromite ore in stainless steel is produced ".
The sintering of chromite powder and prereduction technology, for example, " CN95111781.5 ", denomination of invention is a kind of for the Chinese patent of " directly smelting stainless steel by chromium ore fusion reduction method " discloses mixes adding molten iron bath afterwards with original ferrochromium ore or the concentrate that originates from chromite ore with carbonaceous reducing agent and slag former, with melting in refinery reactor and the stainless production method of purified, and for example, " CN 87103786 ", denomination of invention is the Chinese patent of " manufacturing contains the method for chromium pig iron ", " CN02110712.2 ", denomination of invention is raw material for the Chinese patent of " a kind of method of smelting chromium-containing molten iron with powder ore cooled agglomerated pellet " discloses a kind of to contain chromium powder ore deposit and carbon dust cold bound pellet, with the mill coal is the ferrochrome manufacture method that main energy sources and reductive agent are produced ferrochrome, or the like.Yet described method belongs to the technical field of iron-bath molten reduction in essence.
In addition, also have the slag type to select,, reach the reduction mechanism in differing temps zone in the hot stove in research ore deposit, improve reduction efficiency to improve the rate of recovery of chromium, the method that cuts down the consumption of energy, or the like.
In addition, " CN93102123.5 ", denomination of invention is the Chinese patent of " technique for smelting ferrochrome using powdered Cr ore reductive sintered blocks ", " CN91103496.X ", denomination of invention is Chinese patent and " CN01105197.3 " of " the cold fixed agglomeration process of the shape powder that looses ", denomination of invention then discloses respectively chromite ore fine and ferrous material for the Chinese patent of " producing blast furnace with containing the chromium agglomerate with chromite ore fine and iron-bearing material ", solid fuel and auxiliary flux mix according to a certain percentage, through ordinary sinter equipment, the method that adopts the reduction sintering process to sinter into to contain the chromium agglomerate etc., but its technology belongs to the raw materials pretreatment category in itself.
Above-mentioned research has improved the usage quantity of fine ore to a certain extent, has reduced production cost, does not need high-quality lump ore and the high problem of power consumption but still fundamentally change the mine heat furnace smelting ferrochrome.
The new process of production of ferrochrome that develop and a kind ofly need not use the high-quality lump ore, power consumption is few, cost is low, can be extensive use of various low-cost resources is extremely urgent.The inventor finds: adopt a kind of novel process of utilizing chromite ore fine and coal direct production ferrochrome, be expected to overcome the above problems, that is, reduce the dependence of ferrochrome production to a large amount of electric energy and lump ore resource.
Principle of the present invention is: chromite ore fine and coal dust etc. is made carbonaceous pelletizing, temperature of reaction is controlled at below the pelletizing reflowing temperature.Improve slag phase basicity, reaction temperature as far as possible is improved, with fast reaction speed and raising metallic reducing rate.This high basicity metallized pellet is in process of cooling, and the natural efflorescence owing to the existence of thermal stresses and excess toner just can obtain ferrochrome through screening.Because this process produces fusing reaction, product is mainly solid-state ferrochrome particle, harmful element P, the S etc. in the raw material mainly be retained in slag mutually in, thereby produce the ferrochrome of low P, S content.
The objective of the invention is to: a kind of direct reduction production method of ferrochrome is provided, specifically, the invention provides a kind of method of utilizing chromite ore fine and coal direct production ferrochrome.The alternative traditional ore-smelting furnace smelting process of described production method, need not use high-quality ferrochrome lump ore and coke, power consumption is few, cost is low, thus, can be stainless smelting production ferrochrome cheaply is provided, reduce the dependence of ferrochrome production a large amount of electric energy and ferrochrome lump ore resource.
The ferrochrome of producing according to the direct reduction production method of ferrochrome of the present invention is the ferrochrome of low P, S content.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of method of utilizing chromite ore fine and coal direct production ferrochrome.The technical process of described method is:
Batching---batch mixing---pelletizing---rotary hearth furnace reduction---reducting pellet ageing---screening separates-one ferrochrome,
The raw material of described pelletizing is chromite ore fine or fine chrome mine, powdered iron ore or iron dust containing, and flux and coal dust, the temperature of reaction of described rotary hearth furnace reduction is controlled at below the pelletizing reflowing temperature.
Nationality is made carbonaceous pelletizing by method of the present invention with chromite ore fine and coal dust etc., and temperature of reaction is controlled at below the pelletizing reflowing temperature.Improve slag phase basicity, reaction temperature as far as possible is improved, with fast reaction speed and raising metallic reducing rate.This high basicity metallized pellet is in process of cooling, and the natural efflorescence owing to the existence of thermal stresses and excess toner just can obtain ferrochrome through screening.Because this process is mainly solid state reduction, harmful element P, S etc. in the raw material mainly are retained in the slag phase, thereby can obtain the ferrochrome of low P, S content.Because the cost of chromite ore fine and coal can be taken this direct production and go out ferrochrome cheaply far below chromium lump ore and coke,
Preferably, according to the production method of utilizing chromite ore fine and coal direct production ferrochrome of the present invention, the chromite ore fine of described pellet feed or fine chrome mine, chromite powder or the granularity requirements that contains the ferrochrome dust are less than 100 orders.
This is because chrome ore is difficult to reduction, and is thorough as being difficult to reduction greater than 100 purpose chrome ores under condition of the present invention, thereby reduces the recovery rate of chromium.Therefore, require from reaction, the chromite ore fine of described pellet feed or fine chrome mine are good, and the granularity of powdered iron ore or iron dust containing to be being advisable for a short time, but can requirement of the invention process basically less than 100 orders.
Equally preferably, according to the production method of utilizing chromite ore fine and coal direct production ferrochrome of the present invention, the granularity of described other raw material of pelletizing is all less than 30 orders.
Preferably, according to the production method of utilizing chromite ore fine and coal direct production ferrochrome of the present invention, coal dust requires fixed carbon content greater than 65% in the described pellet feed, and ash oontent is less than 15%.
Preferably, according to the production method of utilizing chromite ore fine and coal direct production ferrochrome of the present invention, the ingredients principle of described pelletizing is:
Cr/ in the pelletizing (Fe+Cr)=25～45%;
The middle mutually Al203+MgO=20 of slag～40%.
In this technological process, the metallographic phase in the pelletizing is in the solid phase state of aggregation, and slag mutually also is in the semi-molten state, according to above-mentioned ingredients principle, set slag mutually in (Al203+MgO)=20～40%, can make pelletizing fully efflorescence when ageing.
In the past, chromite ore fine make also useful carbonaceous pelletizing of ball, its objective is fine ore is used for the hot stove in ore deposit to reduce production costs, all be all to use chrome ore, therefore Cr/ (Fe+Cr) is much larger than 25～45%, slag mutually in (Al203+MgO) much larger than 50%, slag is generally acidity mutually, because intensity after reducing is had certain requirement, and the pelletizing mixed carbon comtent also is lower than theoretical mixed carbon comtent.
According to the production method of utilizing chromite ore fine and coal direct production ferrochrome of the present invention, one of its advantage and feature are to use cheap chrome ore fines, simultaneously chrome ore Cr/Fe are not had too high requirement.For reaching the requirement of following pelletizing Cr/ (Cr+Fe)=25～45%, for the chrome ore of high Cr/Fe ratio, can be corresponding with addition of some iron ores, can add some powdered iron ore or iron dust containing, with suitable reduction Cr/Fe, make it to reach the requirement of pelletizing.
Preferably, according to the production method of utilizing chromite ore fine and coal direct production ferrochrome of the present invention, the ingredients principle of described pelletizing is:
Dual alkalinity R2 (CaO/SiO2, weight % ratio) is 1.2～1.6.
Preferably, according to the production method of utilizing chromite ore fine and coal direct production ferrochrome of the present invention, the ingredients principle of described pelletizing is:
The coal blending amount is theoretical 1.2～1.6 times of needing the carbon amount.
The coal blending amount is set at theoretical 1.2～1.6 times of needing the carbon amount, then be consider chrome ore be difficult to reduce and reduction process in the factor of two aspects of scaling loss of carbon.
Preferably, according to the production method of utilizing chromite ore fine and coal direct production ferrochrome of the present invention, the reduction temperature of described pelletizing should be lower than the pelletizing reflowing temperature, is controlled at 1300～1500 ℃ scope.
Preferably, according to the production method of utilizing chromite ore fine and coal direct production ferrochrome of the present invention, the highest reduction temperature of described pelletizing does not cause pellets will.
The present invention provides a kind of ferrochrome that utilizes chromite ore fine and coal direct production to obtain again, and described ferrochrome is the ferrochrome of low P, S content.
Each master operation of the method for utilizing chromite ore fine and coal direct production ferrochrome of the present invention is as follows:
(1) batching
The raw material of pelletizing of the present invention is chromite powder or ferrochrome concentrate, powdered iron ore or iron dust containing, flux and coal dust.Wherein flux can adopt industrial acid waste residues such as fly ash in electric power plant, power plant's Water Quenching Slag or useless dirt mud, ground silica, slaked lime (effect of the binding agent of having held concurrently) etc.The raw material coal dust of pelletizing of the present invention requires fixed carbon high as far as possible, and ash is low.Because chrome ore is difficult to reduction, the chromite ore fine of the raw material of pelletizing of the present invention or fine chrome mine, the granularity requirements of powdered iron ore or iron dust containing is less than 100 orders, and other raw material granularity is all less than 30 orders.
The ingredients principle of pelletizing is:
Cr/ in the pelletizing (Fe+Cr)=25～45%;
The middle mutually Al203+MgO=20 of slag～40%;
Dual alkalinity (R=CaO/SiO
2) be 1.2～1.6;
The coal blending amount is theoretical 1.2～1.6 times of needing the carbon amount.
Illustrate: basicity is basic oxide and the acidic oxide degree ratio in the batching mineral.
Dual alkalinity R2 (Cao/SiO2, weight % ratio)
Ternary basicity R3 (CaO+MgO)/SiO2, weight % ratio;
Quaternary basicity R4 (CaO+MgO)/(SiO2+A12O3, weight % ratio)
Agglomerate is divided into three kinds by R; Ordinary sinter ore deposit, self-fluxed sinter, the high alkalinity agglomerate.
Acid sinter ore is in the ordinary sinter ore deposit again.Be the basicity that the basicity of agglomerate is lower than blast-furnace slag, generally all have that this agglomerate is being gone into the flux that need add some amount when stove is smelted less than 1.0.
The basicity of self fluxed sinter equals or the basicity of a little higher than blast-furnace slag, is generally about 1.2-1.5, and its agglomerate is going into not need to add in addition flux when stove is smelted.
High basicity sinter is fluxed sinter again, and its basicity is higher than the basicity of blast-furnace slag, generally all greater than 1.5.Its agglomerate is being gone into stove when smelting, can instead of part or whole flux, can be often and rich ore or acid sinter ore, acidic pellet ore be used.According to of the present invention, the dual alkalinity of the 1.2-1.6 that the present invention uses is high basicity sinter.Be characterized in:
A, high basicity sinter intensity height, good stability, epigranular, powder is few.
B, high basicity sinter have good reductibility, and this is because high basicity sinter is to be main liquid phase with easy reductive calcium ferrite; Improve with basicity, FeO reduces in the agglomerate, and reductibility improves; High basicity sinter is in the best structural state of reductibility.Magnetite crystal grain wherein is tiny and intensive, and is wrapped up or corrosion by calcium ferrite.
The agglomerate of c, high basicity softening beginning temperature and softening finishing temperature all descend to some extent.
D, high basicity sinter sulphur content increase, and this is because the CaO in the sintered material has the effect of the sulphur of suction, forms CaS and stays in the agglomerate.
(2) batch mixing
The chromite ore fine that to get ready by above-mentioned ingredients principle, flux, coal dust adds in the mixer, adds water 8～12% simultaneously, carries out mixing then, compound is carried out briquetting make pelletizing.
(3) rotary hearth furnace reduction
To reduce in rotary hearth furnace after the pelletizing drying, reduction temperature is controlled at 1300～1500 ℃, the different temperature of different reduction section controls, and top temperature should be lower than the reflowing temperature of pelletizing.The tail gas that rotary hearth furnace produces is used for preheated fuel gas and dry pelletizing.
Pelletizing after the prereduction is natural efflorescence in process of cooling, obtains ferrochrome after the screening.
According to above-mentioned, the invention provides a kind of production method of utilizing chromite ore fine and coal direct production ferrochrome.Described production method substitutes traditional ore-smelting furnace smelting process, for stainless smelting production provides ferrochrome cheaply, reduces the dependence of ferrochrome production to a large amount of electric energy and ferrochrome lump ore resource.Described ferrochrome is the ferrochrome of low P, S content.
The simple declaration of accompanying drawing
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram that utilizes chromite ore fine and fine coal direct production ferrochrome of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below, with reference to Fig. 1, the production method of chromite ore fine and coal direct production ferrochrome of utilizing of the present invention is further described.
(1) batching
According to the chemical ingredients scope and the ingredients principle of each component in the pelletizing of the present invention, carried out the pelletizing reduction test of three lot numbers.Table 1 is respectively the main chemical compositions of each raw material.
The main chemical compositions of each raw material of table 1 (%)
(2) batch mixing
Utilize the raw material in the table 1,, get Cr/ in the pelletizing (Fe+Cr)=30%, the middle mutually Al of slag according to ingredients principle of the present invention
2O
3=15%, basicity R=1.6, thorough mixing and making it evenly in mixing pan, the mixed grind later stage sprays into 7～10% water and carries out fully wetting.
(3) pelletizing compacting
Raw material behind the above-mentioned batch mixing is pressed into (or bigger, smaller) the oblate type pelletizing that is about the thick about 2cm of the wide about 3cm of 3cm in ball press, its composition sees Table 2.
The batching of table 2 pelletizing is formed (%)
| Raw material | Chromite powder | Ground hematite | Slaked lime | Ground silica | Coal dust | The pelletizing |
| 1 | 30.61 | 24.81 | 22.78 | 8.22 | 13.58 | 1.2 theoretical amount doubly |
(4) pelletizing ageing
Above-mentioned three kinds of pelletizings are reduced in rotary hearth furnace, and temperature is controlled at 1450 ℃, and the recovery time is 20min.Pelletizing cooling back ageing after coming out of the stove.After the pelletizing ageing one day, efflorescence.
(5) screening separates
Sieve after the above-mentioned pelletizing efflorescence, obtain ferrochrome, the recovery rate of its composition and chromium, iron sees Table 3.
The composition (%) of the ferrochrome after table 3 magnetic separation screening separates
| Composition | Cr | Fe | C | P | The Cr recovery rate | The |
| 1 | 26.09 | 66.33 | 7.58 | 0.029 | 91.05 | 99.20 |
The finished product ferrochrome can be used as the raw material of smelting stainless steel.
Embodiment 2
Except following operation, other make ferrochrome as embodiment 1.
(3) pelletizing compacting
To be pressed into (or bigger, smaller) the oblate type pelletizing that is about the thick about 2cm of the wide about 3cm of 3cm at the raw material behind the batch mixing that embodiment 1 (2) operation obtains in ball press, its composition sees Table 4.
The batching of table 4 pelletizing is formed (%)
| Raw material | Chromite powder | Ground hematite | Slaked lime | Ground silica | Coal dust | The pelletizing mixed carbon comtent |
| 2 | 29.79 | 24.14 | 22.58 | 8.07 | 15.42 | 1.4 theoretical amount doubly |
(4) pelletizing ageing
Above-mentioned pelletizing is reduced in rotary hearth furnace, and temperature is controlled at 1450 ℃, and the recovery time is 20min.Pelletizing cooling back ageing after coming out of the stove.After the pelletizing ageing one day, efflorescence.
(5) screening separates
Sieve after the above-mentioned pelletizing efflorescence, obtain ferrochrome, the recovery rate of its composition and chromium, iron sees Table 5.
The composition (%) of the ferrochrome after table 5 magnetic separation screening separates
| Composition | Cr | Fe | C | P | The Cr recovery rate | The Fe recovery rate |
| 2 | 26.56 | 65.40 | 8.04 | 0.031 | 93.08 | 98.17 |
The finished product ferrochrome can be used as the raw material of smelting stainless steel.
Embodiment 3
Except following operation, other make ferrochrome as embodiment 1.
(3) pelletizing compacting
To be pressed into (or bigger, smaller) the oblate type pelletizing that is about the thick about 2cm of the wide about 3cm of 3cm at the raw material behind operation (2) batch mixing of embodiment 1 in ball press, its composition sees Table 6.
The batching of table 6 pelletizing is formed (%)
| Raw material | Chromite powder | Ground hematite | Slaked lime | Ground silica | Coal dust | The pelletizing mixed carbon comtent |
| 3 | 29.01 | 23.51 | 22.39 | 7.92 | 17.16 | 1.6 theoretical amount doubly |
(4) pelletizing ageing
Above-mentioned three kinds of pelletizings are reduced in rotary hearth furnace, and temperature is controlled at 1450 ℃, and the recovery time is 20min.Pelletizing cooling back ageing after coming out of the stove.After the pelletizing ageing one day, efflorescence.
(5) screening separates
Sieve after the above-mentioned pelletizing efflorescence, obtain ferrochrome, the recovery rate of its composition and chromium, iron sees Table 7.
The composition (%) of the ferrochrome after table 7 magnetic separation screening separates
| Composition | Cr | Fe | C | P | The Cr recovery rate | The Fe recovery rate |
| 3 | 26.40 | 65.25 | 8.35 | 0.030 | 92.56 | 98.11 |
The finished product ferrochrome can be used as the raw material of smelting stainless steel.
Embodiment 4
(1) batching
Chemical ingredients scope and ingredients principle according to each component in the pelletizing of the present invention have carried out the pelletizing reduction test.The main chemical compositions of each raw material is as table 1.
(2) batch mixing
Utilize the raw material in the table 1, according to ingredients principle of the present invention, pelletizing is prepared burden according to following principle:
It is 30% that Cr/ in the pelletizing (Cr+Fe)=35%, slag contain Al203 mutually, and basicity is 1.4, and the pelletizing mixed carbon comtent is 1.4 times of theoretical amount.Thorough mixing and making it evenly in mixing pan, the mixed grind later stage sprays into 7～10% water and carries out fully wetting.
(3) pelletizing compacting
Raw material behind the above-mentioned batch mixing is pressed into (or bigger, smaller) the oblate type pelletizing that is about the thick about 2cm of the wide about 3cm of 3cm in ball press, its composition sees Table 9.
The batching of table 9 pelletizing is formed (%)
| Raw material | Chromite powder | Powdered iron ore | Slaked lime | Ground silica | Coal dust | The pelletizing mixed carbon comtent |
| 4 | 43.25％ | 21.95％ | 10.78％ | 3.61％ | 20.41％ | 1.4 theoretical amount doubly |
(4) pelletizing ageing
Above-mentioned pelletizing is reduced in rotary hearth furnace, and reduction temperature is controlled at 1450～1480 ℃, and the recovery time is 20min.Pelletizing cooling back ageing after coming out of the stove.After the pelletizing ageing one day, efflorescence.
(5) screening separates
Sieve after the above-mentioned pelletizing efflorescence, obtain ferrochrome, the recovery rate of its composition and chromium, iron sees Table 10.
The composition (%) of the ferrochrome after table 10 magnetic separation screening separates
| Composition | Cr | Fe | C | P | The Cr recovery rate | The Fe recovery rate |
| 4 | 33.5 | 59.11 | 6.71 | 0.025 | 92.04 | 99.20 |
The main component of slag phase is Cr2O3:1.35%, FeO:0.76%, Al2O3:29.51%, MgO:17.10%, CaO:30.05%, SiO2:20.52%.
The finished product ferrochrome can be used as the raw material of smelting stainless steel.
According to the method for utilizing chromite ore fine and coal directly to produce ferrochrome of the present invention, have the following advantages: (1) to the strong adaptability of chromite, as long as gangue content is low, not demanding ferrochrome ratio on the contrary, hangs down ferrochrome than more favourable; (2) owing to use cheap chromite ore fine and coal dust, production cost is reduced greatly; (3) take the primary energy coal as reducing agent, avoided the use of coke, reduced equally cost; (4) chrome content in the ferrochrome is lower than high carbon ferro-chrome, and the chrome ore reduction is easier; (5) reaction temperature is controlled at below the pelletizing reflowing temperature, and reaction temperature is far below traditional smelting process, thereby energy consumption reduces greatly; (6) in the process of adjusting pelletizing ferrochrome ratio, can effectively utilize the iron dust containing of iron and steel enterprise, have certain environmental benefit; (7) can save the high electric power of a large amount of valencys. Therefore, this technique can be stainless steel production cheap raw material is provided, and strengthens the competitiveness of stainless steel enterprises.
Claims (8)
1. method of utilizing chromite ore fine and coal direct production ferrochrome is characterized in that the technical process of described method is:
Batching---batch mixing---pelletizing---rotary hearth furnace reduction---reducting pellet ageing---screening separates---ferrochrome,
The raw material of described pelletizing is chromite ore fine or fine chrome mine, powdered iron ore or iron dust containing, and flux and coal dust, the temperature of reaction of described rotary hearth furnace reduction is controlled at below the solidus temperature of slag phase.
2. as claims 1 described production method of utilizing chromite ore fine and coal direct production ferrochrome, it is characterized in that, the chromite ore fine of described pellet feed or fine chrome mine, the granularity requirements of powdered iron ore or iron dust containing is less than 100 orders.
3. as claims 1 described production method of utilizing chromite ore fine and coal direct production ferrochrome, it is characterized in that the granularity of described other raw material of pelletizing is all less than 30 orders.
4. as claims 1 described production method of utilizing chromite ore fine and coal direct production ferrochrome, it is characterized in that described pellet feed coal dust requires fixed carbon content greater than 65%, ash oontent is less than 15%.
5. as claims 1 described production method of utilizing chromite ore fine and coal direct production ferrochrome, it is characterized in that the ingredients principle of described pelletizing is:
Cr/ in the pelletizing (Fe+Cr)=25～45%;
The middle mutually Al2O3+MgO=20 of slag～40%.
6. as claims 1 described production method of utilizing chromite ore fine and coal direct production ferrochrome, it is characterized in that the ingredients principle of described pelletizing is:
Dual alkalinity (R=Cao/SiO
2) be 1.2～1.6.
7. as claims 1 described production method of utilizing chromite ore fine and coal direct production ferrochrome, it is characterized in that the ingredients principle of described pelletizing is:
The coal blending amount is theoretical 1.2～1.6 times of needing the carbon amount.
8. as claims 1 described production method of utilizing chromite ore fine and coal direct production ferrochrome, it is characterized in that the reduction temperature of described pelletizing should not cause pellets will, is controlled at 1300～1500 ℃ scope.
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