CN112899426A - Process for producing ferrochromium alloy by using tunnel kiln - Google Patents

Process for producing ferrochromium alloy by using tunnel kiln Download PDF

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CN112899426A
CN112899426A CN202110070595.8A CN202110070595A CN112899426A CN 112899426 A CN112899426 A CN 112899426A CN 202110070595 A CN202110070595 A CN 202110070595A CN 112899426 A CN112899426 A CN 112899426A
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materials
temperature
kiln
tunnel kiln
ferrochrome
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CN112899426B (en
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乔柏人
吴丽花
李密成
乔英侠
郭焕超
冯溅潮
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/006—Starting from ores containing non ferrous metallic oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/02—Roasting processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
    • C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
    • C22B1/242—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to a ferrochrome production process, and particularly relates to a process for producing ferrochrome by using a tunnel kiln. The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a process for producing ferrochrome alloy by using a tunnel kiln is characterized by comprising the following three stages; a: pelletizing; b: reduction and calcination in a tunnel kiln; c: and (4) separating the waste slag from the alloy. The invention reestablishes a production mode of ferrochrome, and the production mode can be applied to the production of various products such as ferronickel, ferromanganese, cobalt alloy, ferrotitanium, metallic chromium, metallic nickel, special steel, iron and the like.

Description

Process for producing ferrochromium alloy by using tunnel kiln
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a ferrochrome production process, and particularly relates to a process for producing ferrochrome by using a tunnel kiln.
Background
Ferrochrome alloy: the chromium and iron are used as main components, and the iron alloy is an iron alloy consisting of chromium and iron and is an important alloy additive for steelmaking. The main components of the alloy are chromium and iron, and the alloy also contains impurities such as carbon, silicon, sulfur, phosphorus and the like. The ferrochrome contains 55-75% of chromium, and is divided into high-carbon (4-10% C), medium-carbon (0.5-4% C), low-carbon (0.15-0.5% C) and micro-carbon (less than or equal to 0.15% C) ferrochrome according to the carbon content. The high-carbon ferrochrome is also called carbon ferrochrome, and the medium, low and micro-carbon ferrochrome is also called refined ferrochrome.
The addition of chromium to the steel can significantly improve the oxidation resistance of the steel and increase the corrosion resistance of the steel. Chromium is contained in many steels with specific physicochemical properties. Chromium in the steel is added with ferrochrome. The high-carbon ferrochrome is used as an alloying agent for ball steel (0.5-1.45% of Cr), tool steel, die steel (5-12% of Cr) and high-speed steel (3.8-4.4% of Cr), and can improve the hardenability of the steel and the wear resistance and hardness of the steel. The hardness and wear resistance of cast iron can be improved by adding chromium, and the mechanical properties of cast iron can be improved by 0.5-1.0% of chromium. The high carbon ferrochrome and the charge-grade ferrochrome are largely used as the charge for smelting stainless steel (AOD or VOD method), thereby reducing the production cost. The medium and low carbon ferrochromium is used for producing medium and low carbon structural steel and carburizing steel, manufacturing gears, high pressure blower blades, valve plates and the like. The micro-carbon ferrochrome is used for producing stainless steel, acid-resistant steel, heat-resistant steel and the like.
It is mainly used for producing sodium dichromate in chemical industry, and further preparing other chromium compounds for industries of pigment, textile, electroplating, leather making and the like, and can also be used for preparing catalysts, catalysts and the like. Therefore, there are three sales channels for chromite: metallurgical industry, refractory industry and chemical industry. The use of ferrochrome and chromium salts and smelting process will be described below from the use of chromite in the metallurgical industry
Chromium is one of important strategic materials, and is widely applied to the metallurgical industry, refractory materials and chemical industry due to the characteristics of hardness, wear resistance, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and the like.
The current situation of the prior ferrochrome production is as follows:
chromite for smelting ferrochrome generally requires Cr2O340-50%, and the ratio of chromium to iron is greater than 2.8. "Charge-grade ferrochrome" containing 50% of Cr produced in large quantities in recent years by using Cr-containing2O3And ores with lower chromium to iron ratios.
Ferrochromium produced by countries in the worldThe alloy is prepared by smelting in a reducing furnace with Cr2O340-50%, and the ratio of chromium to iron is greater than 2.8. Coke is used as reducing agent and silica or bauxite is used as flux. The slag component is typically SiO227～33％，MgO30～34％，Al2O326～30％，Cr2O3<9.0 percent. Due to the formation of chromium carbide, the product contains 4-9% of carbon.
The capacity of a reduction electric furnace for smelting ferrochromium is 10000-48000 kilovolt-ampere, a closed or semi-closed fixed submerged arc reduction electric furnace is generally adopted, the working temperature is 2000-2200 ℃, and the smelting power consumption is 3000-4000 kilowatt-hour/ton. The smelting method comprises a one-step method and a two-step method. The chromite, silica and coke are smelted by a one-step method with a flux. The two-step method adopts carbon ferrochrome, silica and coke as raw materials to carry out slag-free smelting, and the smelting process is approximately similar to the production of ferrosilicon. The smelting power consumption is about 3000-4000 kilowatt-hour per ton.
At present, in the production process of ferrochrome, the following industrial exists: 1. high energy consumption, high power consumption and high cost. 2. High temperature evaporation gas fog carries dust to pollute the environment, and 3, the working temperature of the electric furnace is high. 4, the heat loss is large, and the energy waste is serious. 5. The operators work at high temperature, the labor intensity is high, and the working environment is severe.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows:
1. the invention provides a theory of reducing metal oxide in a solid state and transferring the metal obtained by reduction in a solid state particle flow state, and establishes a process method for producing a ferrochrome alloy product by using the theory as a basis that reaction materials form a solid state melt at a lower temperature to perform reduction reaction.
2. The reaction materials are made into pellets, reduction reaction is carried out under a certain temperature condition, and according to the test result of the reaction materials (pellets), the carbonaceous reducing agent is used for reducing the chromite under the condition that the temperature of the reaction materials reaches the temperature of the solid solution to produce the ferrochrome.
When the reaction temperature of the materials (pellets) is 1350-1450 ℃, the reduced ferrochromium metal appears in a state of solid metal particle flow, diffuses and migrates to the outer surface of the materials (pellets) in an aerosol state, and is gathered on the surface of the materials (pellets) to form a high-purity metal shell.
When the reaction temperature of the materials (pellets) is 1450-1500 ℃, the reduced ferrochromium metal still appears in the state of solid metal particle flow, but due to the change of the temperature condition, the metal particle flow is caused to migrate and gather in the direction of the cores of the materials (pellets) in an aerosol form, and is agglomerated into high-purity metal blocks in the cores of the materials (pellets).
According to the theory and the test, the production process for producing the ferrochrome alloy by the tunnel kiln is provided, the problems and the problems existing in the production of the ferrochrome alloy by the existing electric furnace are fundamentally solved, the reaction temperature of materials is reduced, the energy consumption is reduced, the production cost is reduced, the metal recovery rate is improved, the product quality is improved, and the problem of environmental pollution in the production process of the ferrochrome alloy is thoroughly solved.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: 1. a process for producing ferrochrome alloy by using a tunnel kiln is characterized by comprising the following three stages;
a: pelletizing;
b: reduction and calcination in a tunnel kiln;
c: separating waste slag from alloy;
the first stage comprises the steps of:
a1, pretreatment of materials:
a11, carrying out secondary crushing on the ferrochrome raw ore powder mixed with partial lump materials, and then conveying the crushed ferrochrome raw ore powder into a raw material storage bin for later use through a conveyor;
a12, carrying out secondary crushing on the blocky carbonaceous reducing agent, and then conveying the blocky carbonaceous reducing agent into a carbonaceous reducing agent storage bin for later use through a conveyor;
a13, carrying out secondary crushing on the massive siliceous conditioning material, and conveying the massive siliceous conditioning material into a storage bin of the siliceous conditioning material for later use by a conveyor;
a14, carrying out secondary crushing on the block-shaped calcium conditioning material, and conveying the material into a calcium conditioning material storage bin for later use through a conveyor;
a2, ingredients: before industrial production batching, small samples are required to be prepared for each batch of feeding materials;
a21, pilot sample preparation:
a. adding a predetermined amount of carbonaceous reducing agent into the chromite raw material according to the test result, carrying out mixed grinding to 200-250 meshes by using a sampling machine, adding a predetermined amount of binder according to the weight of the two materials, and carrying out grinding and mixing by using a mortar;
b. adding the ground and mixed materials into a sample mold, and adding the mixture at a rate of 2000Kg/cm2Pressing the material into a test piece; the section of the sample mold is in a fusiform shape, the upper part is small, the lower part is large, the long axis of the upper section is 4cm, the short axis is 2cm, the long axis of the lower section is 6cm, the short axis is 4cm, and the height is 6 cm.
c. Dividing the test piece into two groups;
a first group: moving the test piece into a muffle furnace, synchronously starting to 1350 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, cooling, and taking out to measure the height; when the height of the test piece is less than 5cm, adding silicon to adjust the material to be more than or equal to 5 cm;
second group: moving the test piece into a muffle furnace, synchronously starting to 1500 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, cooling, and taking out the test piece to measure the height; if the height of the test piece is more than 3cm, adding a calcium conditioning material to ensure that the calcium conditioning material is less than or equal to 3 cm;
d. c, adjusting the material of the test piece to meet the two sets of requirements in the step c at the same time, and then carrying out production material proportioning;
a22, producing ingredients:
adding the materials into a mill according to a small sample preparation proportion for mixed milling;
a3, grinding the prepared materials into 200 meshes, and conveying the materials to a tail grinding bin for later use;
a4, mixing and pre-compacting by an edge runner mill:
a41, adding the ground materials into an edge runner mill in batches, wherein each batch is 1000kg, and adding a binder according to a preset proportion;
a42, when an edge runner mill mixes and compacts materials, stirring the materials uniformly and fully, and increasing the material density by 15-30%;
a5, pelletizing by adopting a high-strength pellet press, wherein the pellet press strength of the pellet press is 2000Kg/cm2；
A6, loading the prepared pellets into a kiln car;
the tunnel kiln used in the stage B comprises seven temperature sections, namely a preheating section, a low temperature section, a middle temperature section, a high temperature section, a cooling section and a forced cooling section, and transition temperature sections are arranged among the temperature sections to form a continuous temperature curve in the kiln body;
the temperature of the high-temperature section in the tunnel kiln is 1500 ℃, the temperatures of the medium-temperature section and the cooling section are 1350 ℃, the temperature of the tail part of the forced cooling section is 200 ℃, and other temperature sections are sequentially arranged according to the length of the tunnel kiln;
the kiln car filled with the pellets is jacked into a tunnel kiln to be heated and calcined, and the kiln car filled with the pellets stays for 2 hours at a high-temperature section of 1500 ℃;
the C stage comprises the following two steps:
c1, moving the kiln car discharged from the kiln tail to a cleaning field, completely cleaning all reaction products in the car, and repairing the damaged kiln car;
c2, adding all reaction products into a back-impact crusher for crushing, discharging to a magnetic separation belt conveyor for magnetic separation, and obtaining the ferrochrome alloy product after magnetic separation.
Further, the raw ferrochrome ore in the A11 is Cr2O320-50% of Fe2O315-40% of ferrochrome raw ore.
Further, the carbonaceous reducing agent in A12 is coal or coke or petroleum coke with carbon content of more than 75%, fixed carbon content of 60-80%, volatile components of less than 20% and ash content of less than 8%.
Further, the silica conditioning body in A13 is SiO-containing2More than 92% of silica raw material.
Further, the calcium conditioning body in A14 is quick lime with CaO content of 75-95%.
6. The amount of the carbonaceous reducing agent added to the a in A21 is as follows:
the addition amount of the carbonaceous reducing agent is (theoretical amount of carbon required for reducing iron + theoretical amount of carbon required for reducing chromium) multiplied by 1.2-2.5, the binder is magnesium chloride, and the addition amount of the binder is as follows:
the addition amount of the binder is (the weight of chromite plus the weight of the carbonaceous reducing agent) multiplied by 2-3%.
Further, the material of the molten pool in the kiln car used in the second stage is a composite phase transition crystal brick.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the invention reestablishes a production mode of ferrochrome, and the production mode can be applied to the production of various products such as ferronickel, ferromanganese, cobalt alloy, ferrotitanium, metallic chromium, metallic nickel, special steel, iron and the like.
2. Compared with the traditional ferrochrome produced by an electric furnace, the method has the advantages that the material reaction temperature is reduced by 500-700 ℃, the energy consumption is reduced, the heat loss is reduced, the production cost is reduced by 20-30%, and the economic benefit and the social benefit are improved.
3. The invention thoroughly solves the problem of pollutant discharge from the production mode of ferrochrome, realizes the purpose of controlling pollution from the source, and thoroughly eradicates the pollution of the ferrochrome production to human beings and the ecological environment.
4. The invention is applied to small-scale industrial production, and the total recovery rate of effective metal reaches 96.8 percent according to the conclusion of the year.
5. The invention can be applied to large-scale industrial production, is easy to realize full-automatic control, and is unattended in production field.
Detailed Description
The first stage is as follows: pelletizing
1. Material pretreatment:
(1) and carrying out secondary crushing on the ferrochrome raw ore powder mixed with partial lump materials, and then conveying the crushed ferrochrome raw ore powder into a raw material storage bin for later use through a conveyor.
The ferrochrome raw ore in the step (1) is Cr2O320-50% of Fe2O315-40% of ferrochrome raw ore.
(2) And (3) carrying out secondary crushing on the blocky carbonaceous reducing agent, and then conveying the blocky carbonaceous reducing agent into a carbonaceous reducing agent storage bin for later use through a conveyor.
The carbonaceous reducing agent in the step (2) is coal, coke, petroleum coke and other raw materials mainly containing carbon elements, wherein the carbon content is more than 75%, the fixed carbon content is 60-80%, the volatile matter content is less than 20%, and the ash content is less than 8%.
(3) And (3) carrying out secondary crushing on the massive siliceous conditioning material, and then conveying the massive siliceous conditioning material into a siliceous conditioning material storage bin for later use through a conveyor.
The silicon conditioning material in the step (3) is SiO-containing2More than 92% of silica raw material.
(4) And (3) carrying out secondary crushing on the blocky calcium conditioning material, and then conveying the blocky calcium conditioning material into a calcium conditioning material storage bin for later use through a conveyor.
And (4) the calcium conditioning material is quicklime with CaO content of 75-95%.
2. Preparing materials:
before industrial batching, a small sample of each batch of feed must be run in.
(1) Pilot sample preparation:
A. adding a certain amount of carbonaceous reducing agent into the chromite raw material according to the test result, carrying out mixed grinding to 200-250 meshes by using a sampling machine, adding a certain amount of binder according to the weight of the two materials, and carrying out grinding and mixing by using a mortar.
The amount of the carbonaceous reducing agent added in the step A is as follows:
the amount of carbonaceous reducing agent added is (theoretical amount of carbon required for reducing iron + theoretical amount of carbon required for reducing chromium) × 1.2 to 2.5
The step A is to add magnesium chloride as a binder, wherein the adding amount of the binder is as follows:
the addition amount of the binder is (the weight of chromite plus the weight of the carbonaceous reducing agent) multiplied by 2-3%
B. Adding the ground and mixed materials into a sample mold (the sample mold has a fusiform cross section similar to the shape of eyes, and has a large upper part and a small lower part, a long axis of the upper cross section is 4cm and a short axis is 2cm, a long axis of the lower cross section is 6cm and a short axis is 4cm, and the height is 6cm), and adding the mixture at a rate of 2000Kg/cm2The material was pressed into test pieces.
C. Dividing the test piece into two groups;
a first group: and moving the test piece into a muffle furnace, synchronously starting to 1350 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, cooling, and taking out to measure the height. If the height of the test piece is less than 5cm, the silica conditioning body should be added so that it is 5cm or more.
Second group: and (4) moving the test piece into a muffle furnace, synchronously starting to 1500 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, cooling, and taking out to measure the height. If the height of the test piece is more than 3cm, the calcium conditioning material should be added to ensure that the calcium conditioning material is less than or equal to 3 cm.
The first group and the second group in the step C are as follows: the defined softening strength of the test piece is adjusted by adding silicon and calcium, and the metal particles produced by reduction are ensured to migrate and aggregate towards the core direction of the test piece.
D. After trial assembly is adjusted repeatedly, the test piece meets the two conditions, and the trial assembly can be considered to be successful.
(2) Production ingredient
Inputting the technical parameters of successful trial assembly of the small sample into a computer, and controlling feeding by a grinding head metering device controlled by the computer to enable the materials to enter a grinding machine according to a certain proportion for mixed grinding.
3. Grinding materials: the required fineness of the grinding material is 200 meshes, (the detected screen residue is less than 5%) and the material meeting the fineness requirement is conveyed to a grinding tail bin for later use by a conveyor.
4. Material mixing and pre-compaction of an edge runner mill:
(1) adding the ground materials into an edge runner mill in batches, wherein each batch is 1000kg, and adding a binder according to a certain proportion.
(2) When an edge runner mill mixes and compacts, the material is required to be stirred uniformly and fully, and the material density is increased by 15-30%.
5. Pelletizing (ball pressing): the high-strength pellet press is adopted to prepare pellets, the pellet press strength of the pellet press is required to be 2000Kg/cm2, and the shapes and the sizes of the pellets are as same as those of walnuts.
6. Charging: and (4) loading the prepared pellets into a kiln car, wherein the loading height is required to be the same as the melting pool of the kiln car.
And a second stage: reduction calcination in tunnel kiln
1. Temperature section in the kiln: the tunnel kiln is divided into seven temperature sections, namely a preheating section, a low temperature section, a medium temperature section, a high temperature section, a cooling section, a forced cooling section and the like, and transition temperature sections are arranged among the temperature sections, so that a continuous temperature curve is formed inside the kiln body.
2. The requirement on the temperature in the kiln is as follows: the high temperature section in the kiln is 1500 ℃, the middle temperature section and the cooling section are 1350 ℃, the tail part of the forced cooling section is 200 ℃, and other temperature sections can be naturally arranged according to the length of the kiln.
3. Calcining time: and (3) jacking the kiln car filled with the pellets into a tunnel kiln, and heating and calcining, wherein the kiln car full of the pellets is required to stay for 2 hours at a high-temperature section of 1500 ℃.
In the step 3, a molten pool in the kiln car (in the industrial test process of the invention, nearly hundreds of refractory materials are used and cannot resist the corrosion of reactants) can be prepared only by one patent refractory material, and the patent number is ZL.2011.1.0262750.2 'a composite phase transition crystal brick'.
4. The atmosphere in the kiln: the kiln is required to be in a neutral atmosphere or a weakly reducing atmosphere.
And a third stage: separation of slag from alloy
1. Cleaning and repairing the kiln car: and (4) moving the kiln car discharged from the kiln tail (fully loaded with reaction products) to a cleaning field, completely cleaning all the reaction products in the car, and repairing the kiln car if the kiln car is damaged.
2. Separating slag from ferrochrome: and (3) adding all reaction products into a reaction crusher for crushing, discharging to a magnetic separation belt conveyor for magnetic separation, and obtaining a ferrochrome alloy product after magnetic separation.

Claims (7)

1. A process for producing ferrochrome alloy by using a tunnel kiln is characterized by comprising the following three stages;
a: pelletizing;
b: reduction and calcination in a tunnel kiln;
c: separating waste slag from alloy;
the stage A comprises the following steps:
a1, pretreatment of materials:
a11, carrying out secondary crushing on the ferrochrome raw ore powder mixed with partial lump materials, and then conveying the crushed ferrochrome raw ore powder into a raw material storage bin for later use through a conveyor;
a12, carrying out secondary crushing on the blocky carbonaceous reducing agent, and then conveying the blocky carbonaceous reducing agent into a carbonaceous reducing agent storage bin for later use through a conveyor;
a13, carrying out secondary crushing on the massive siliceous conditioning material, and conveying the massive siliceous conditioning material into a storage bin of the siliceous conditioning material for later use by a conveyor;
a14, carrying out secondary crushing on the block-shaped calcium conditioning material, and conveying the material into a calcium conditioning material storage bin for later use through a conveyor;
a2, ingredients: before industrial production batching, small samples are required to be prepared for each batch of feeding materials;
a21, pilot sample preparation:
a. adding a predetermined amount of carbonaceous reducing agent into the chromite raw material according to the test result, carrying out mixed grinding to 200-250 meshes by using a sampling machine, adding a predetermined amount of binder according to the weight of the two materials, and carrying out grinding and mixing by using a mortar;
b. adding the ground and mixed materials into a sample mold, and adding the mixture at a rate of 2000Kg/cm2Pressing the material into a test piece; the section of the sample mold is in a fusiform shape, the upper part is small, the lower part is large, the long axis of the upper section is 4cm, the short axis is 2cm, the long axis of the lower section is 6cm, the short axis is 4cm, and the height is 6 cm;
c. dividing the test piece into two groups;
a first group: moving the test piece into a muffle furnace, synchronously starting to 1350 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, cooling, and taking out to measure the height; when the height of the test piece is less than 5cm, adding silicon to adjust the material to be more than or equal to 5 cm;
second group: moving the test piece into a muffle furnace, synchronously starting to 1500 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, cooling, and taking out the test piece to measure the height; if the height of the test piece is more than 3cm, adding a calcium conditioning material to ensure that the calcium conditioning material is less than or equal to 3 cm;
d. c, adjusting the material of the test piece to meet the two sets of requirements in the step c at the same time, and then carrying out production material proportioning;
a22, producing ingredients:
adding the materials into a mill according to a small sample preparation proportion for mixed milling;
a3, grinding the prepared materials into 200 meshes, and conveying the materials to a tail grinding bin for later use;
a4, mixing and pre-compacting by an edge runner mill:
a41, adding the ground materials into an edge runner mill in batches, wherein each batch is 1000kg, and adding a binder according to a preset proportion;
a42, when an edge runner mill mixes and compacts materials, stirring the materials uniformly and fully, and increasing the material density by 15-30%;
a5, pelletizing by adopting a high-strength pellet press, wherein the pellet press strength of the pellet press is 2000Kg/cm2；
A6, loading the prepared pellets into a kiln car;
the tunnel kiln used in the stage B comprises seven temperature sections, namely a preheating section, a low temperature section, a middle temperature section, a high temperature section, a cooling section and a forced cooling section, and transition temperature sections are arranged among the temperature sections to form a continuous temperature curve in the kiln body;
the temperature of the high-temperature section in the tunnel kiln is 1500 ℃, the temperatures of the medium-temperature section and the cooling section are 1350 ℃, the temperature of the tail part of the forced cooling section is 200 ℃, and other temperature sections are sequentially arranged according to the length of the tunnel kiln;
the kiln car filled with the pellets is jacked into a tunnel kiln to be heated and calcined, and the kiln car filled with the pellets stays for 2 hours at a high-temperature section of 1500 ℃;
the C stage comprises the following two steps:
c1, moving the kiln car discharged from the kiln tail to a cleaning field, completely cleaning all reaction products in the car, and repairing the damaged kiln car;
c2, adding all reaction products into a back-impact crusher for crushing, discharging to a magnetic separation belt conveyor for magnetic separation, and obtaining the ferrochrome alloy product after magnetic separation.
2. The process for producing ferrochrome alloy in a tunnel kiln as claimed in claim 1, wherein the raw chromite in A11 is Cr2O320-50% of Fe2O315-40% of ferrochrome raw ore.
3. The process for producing ferrochrome alloy by using the tunnel kiln as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carbonaceous reducing agent in A12 is coal or coke or petroleum coke with carbon content of more than 75%, fixed carbon content of 60-80%, volatile matter of less than 20% and ash content of less than 8%.
4. The process for producing ferrochrome alloy in a tunnel kiln according to claim 1, wherein the silica-based conditioning body of A13 is SiO-containing2More than 92% of silica raw material.
5. The process for producing ferrochrome alloy through a tunnel kiln according to claim 1, wherein the calcium conditioning material in A14 is quicklime with CaO content of 75-95%.
6. The process for producing ferrochrome alloy in a tunnel kiln according to claim 1, wherein the carbonaceous reducing agent is added to a in A21 in an amount of:
the addition amount of the carbonaceous reducing agent is (theoretical amount of carbon required for reducing iron + theoretical amount of carbon required for reducing chromium) multiplied by 1.2-2.5, the binder is magnesium chloride, and the addition amount of the binder is as follows:
the addition amount of the binder is (the weight of chromite plus the weight of the carbonaceous reducing agent) multiplied by 2-3%.
7. The process for producing ferrochrome alloy in a tunnel kiln as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material of the molten bath in the kiln car used in the second stage is a multiphase crystal brick.
CN202110070595.8A 2021-01-19 2021-01-19 Process for producing ferrochromium alloy by using tunnel kiln Active CN112899426B (en)

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US4235623A (en) * 1976-12-15 1980-11-25 Demag, Aktiengesellschaft Continuous smelting method for ferrochrome
CN1313407A (en) * 2001-01-10 2001-09-19 上海大学 Process for preparing Cr-contained sintered ore of blast furnace from powdered chromium ore and Fe-contained raw material
CN101144110A (en) * 2006-09-13 2008-03-19 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 Method for directly producing ferrochromium from chrome ore powder and coal
CN101967571A (en) * 2010-10-11 2011-02-09 北京科技大学 Method for using red-soil nickel ore to produce nickel-iron alloy in tunnel kiln-electric furnace
WO2013187347A1 (en) * 2012-06-15 2013-12-19 Ｊｆｅマテリアル株式会社 Method for producing ferrochromium, and ferrochromium
CN104630475A (en) * 2014-12-30 2015-05-20 河北太行基业矿产资源有限公司 Method for producing ferrochrome
CN106086402A (en) * 2016-07-20 2016-11-09 江苏省冶金设计院有限公司 A kind of production method of ferrochrome
EA201700315A1 (en) * 2017-06-02 2018-04-30 Фазыл Каюнович Шадиев METHOD OF OBTAINING BRIQUETTES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FERROCHROME
CN111996369A (en) * 2020-08-28 2020-11-27 江苏江南铁合金有限公司 Ferrochromium powder ball for steelmaking and preparation method thereof

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4235623A (en) * 1976-12-15 1980-11-25 Demag, Aktiengesellschaft Continuous smelting method for ferrochrome
CN1313407A (en) * 2001-01-10 2001-09-19 上海大学 Process for preparing Cr-contained sintered ore of blast furnace from powdered chromium ore and Fe-contained raw material
CN101144110A (en) * 2006-09-13 2008-03-19 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 Method for directly producing ferrochromium from chrome ore powder and coal
CN101967571A (en) * 2010-10-11 2011-02-09 北京科技大学 Method for using red-soil nickel ore to produce nickel-iron alloy in tunnel kiln-electric furnace
WO2013187347A1 (en) * 2012-06-15 2013-12-19 Ｊｆｅマテリアル株式会社 Method for producing ferrochromium, and ferrochromium
CN104630475A (en) * 2014-12-30 2015-05-20 河北太行基业矿产资源有限公司 Method for producing ferrochrome
CN106086402A (en) * 2016-07-20 2016-11-09 江苏省冶金设计院有限公司 A kind of production method of ferrochrome
EA201700315A1 (en) * 2017-06-02 2018-04-30 Фазыл Каюнович Шадиев METHOD OF OBTAINING BRIQUETTES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FERROCHROME
CN111996369A (en) * 2020-08-28 2020-11-27 江苏江南铁合金有限公司 Ferrochromium powder ball for steelmaking and preparation method thereof

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