CN101142731A - 在干线供电电压暂降期间注入无功电流的方法和装置 - Google Patents

在干线供电电压暂降期间注入无功电流的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN101142731A
CN101142731A CNA2006800053996A CN200680005399A CN101142731A CN 101142731 A CN101142731 A CN 101142731A CN A2006800053996 A CNA2006800053996 A CN A2006800053996A CN 200680005399 A CN200680005399 A CN 200680005399A CN 101142731 A CN101142731 A CN 101142731A
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何塞伊格纳西奥·略伦特冈萨雷斯
曼努埃尔·比谢尔斯吉克索特
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Gamesa Eolica SA
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • Y02E40/30Reactive power compensation

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种在干线供电电压暂降期间注入电流的方法和装置。本发明的方法在于持续监视干线供电电压的幅度和相位,并且在检测到电压暂降时,在非常短的间隔、以与暂降的幅度成比例地、在电压暂降持续期间可以变化的方式向受影响的干线供电相注入无功电流,从而吸收必要的有功电流。该装置包括电压测量开关、变压器(低压/中压),DC/AC逆变器、电容器、电压暂降检测电路以及控制电路。

Description

在干线供电电压暂降期间注入无功电流的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种当出现网路电压暂降时向连接有一个或多个发电机的网络上注入无功功率的方法和装置,尤其用于在风力发电厂的应用。
背景技术
在风力涡轮机等发电机的电厂输出处的电网连接上,可能出现“电压暂降”,电压暂降包括由网络上的故障导致的电压突然下降,其导致电压暂降区或恒定降低,以及当导致暂降的故障解除时电压升高的上升区,二者都具有依赖于所出现的电压暂降确定的持续时间。由于网络的技术要求,在电压暂降期间需要机器所需的时变无功功率注入,以重建电压并减小所述暂降的影响。
在此情况下,电网行业协会定义了在电压暂降期间应该向网络上注入的无功功率值的曲线。这些曲线根据检测到的暂降深度给出无功功率值。
在该技术中存在已知的装置,利用该装置以可在几分或几秒的时间范围内改变的可变设置持续注入无功功率。
然而,利用这种装置不能使要注入的无功功率在非常短的时间段内适于可变的网络电压。另外,这种已知装置被设计为具有限于其额定容量的两倍或三倍的过载容量,这使得其大功率的应用在经济上不切实际。
本发明目的在于为该问题提供一种解决方案。
发明内容
本发明的第一方面提出一种当出现电压暂降时向连接有一个或多个发电机的网络上注入无功功率的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
-持续监视网络电压的幅度和相位;
-当检测到单相、两相或三相电压暂降时,在电压暂降持续期间以与其幅度成比例地可变方式向网络上的单相或多相注入无功功率,吸收必要的有功功率。
该方法使能在检测到非常短的时间间隔内的网络电压变化时注入行业协会所要求的功率,并且即使在非常短的时间范围内也可以改变所注入的无功功率的幅度。
其次,本发明提出一种用于对中压网络执行上述方法的装置,该装置包括以下主要组件:
-中压开关;
-低压/中压变压器(LV/MV);
-dc/ac逆变器;
-用于能量存储和装置稳定性的电容器;
-用于检测MV网络上的电压暂降的电路;
-上述元件组的控制电路,其包括用于检测MV网络上电压暂降的电路,当它检测到网络电压值低于设定的阈值时,启动本发明的装置,以根据由上述曲线表示的技术要求在已出现电压暂降的短暂持续时间注入平衡网络电压所需的瞬时无功功率。
在以下详细说明及附图中,本发明的其它特征和优点可明显看出。
附图说明
图1示出构成根据本发明的装置的组件的框图。
图2示出在电压暂降的短暂期间必须注入到电网上的无功功率的曲线图。
具体实施方式
在优选实施例中,根据本发明的用于风力发电厂的装置包括以下元件:
a)中压开关1,用于将所述装置连接到从发电厂的输出12到网络连接14的中压电路;
b)每一相的LV/MV变压器2,其LV侧连接到dc/ac逆变器3,其MV侧连接到开关1;
c)每一相的优选具有IGBT或IGCT半导体的dc/ac逆变器3,其dc侧连接到电容器4,其ac侧连接到变压器2的LV初级线圈;
d)dc电容器4,其连接到逆变器3的dc侧的电源电路;
e)上述单元组的控制电路20,其连接到与各单元相关的控制10、12、13,并包括以下元件:
-MV电压传感器或电压变压器;
-LV功率传感器、霍耳效应变压器等;
-dc电压传感器、电压变压器或霍耳效应变压器等;
-具有DSP的电压暂降检测电路10,其检测低于根据本发明的装置的设定阈值的电压值;
-用于计算要注入的瞬时无功功率的装置、DSP或微处理器;
-用于计算要吸收的瞬时有功功率的装置;
-要注入的瞬时无功功率的滞环发生器;
-比较电路,用于比较有功功率电路读数和滞环预置值;
-用于为自动切换功率半导体而产生开、关脉冲的电路;
-在上述电路和半导体的触发电路之间的光纤耦合电路;
-不同功率级的控制和操纵电路。
当不需要每一相都注入时,代替上述单相组件,所述装置可以包括三相组件,其操作与下述类似。
当MV网络14上出现电压暂降时,其特征是包括电压突然下降区、恒定深度的暂降区以及当造成暂降的故障解除后的电压升高的上升区。
为了补救所述网络上暂降的影响,电网行业协会定义了这样的曲线图(图2),在该曲线图上,横轴代表与网络的连接点处的电压T(用其与额定电压的关系来表示),纵轴代表无功功率I(用其与总功率的关系来表示)。时期F1表示正常工作的情形,时期F2表示电压暂降情形,其中曲线C定义了必须注入的无功功率的幅度。
优选具有DSP的电压暂降检测电路10使用适当的算法并基于MV网络14的瞬时电压读数值来连续计算所述电压的峰值和rms值及其相位,当其检测到低于根据本发明的装置设定的阈值的电压值时,触发所述装置的启动过程。该电路10能够在1毫秒内检测暂降,并且能够在2毫秒内根据曲线C中定义的关系计算无功成分的幅度和相位,在网络14上出现暂降后的大约2毫秒注入无功功率。
当检测到暂降时,控制电路20基于电路10在网络14上测得的瞬时电压值并基于曲线C上定义的关系来计算要注入的无功功率,以及需要使用变压器2和逆变器3从MV网络吸收的瞬时有功功率,从而维持连接到逆变器3的dc侧的电容器4的电压。另外,控制电路20包括功率级的不同部分的操纵和控制电路,以基于需要依次在每个瞬间注入的无功功率值来控制它们中每一个的接通和断开。
根据本发明的装置的其它重要特征如下:
-本发明的装置在电压暂降持续期间处理的瞬时功率在20至30MW之间,是具有标准自动切换元件的装置的可容许功率的30多倍;
-该装置不需要电源或ac/dc整流器来工作,因为该装置从ac网络取得其功率并以受控方式将其传送至连接到dc的电容器;
-即使当网络电压下降到其额定值的20%时,换句话说,当电压暂降深度达到80%时,该装置也能够从网络提取必要的有功功率以执行其功能;
-该装置能够在每一相上注入可变的无功功率,因此在单相或两相故障的情形下可以正确地工作;
-该装置对每一相都是模块化的,因此,当一个模块有故障时,其余模块继续工作;
-该装置具有顺序控制,因此基于在任何瞬间必须注入到网络的强度,在每个瞬间只有正确数量的模块工作,以利用低功率改善性能并减小所注入的谐波畸变。
在我们所描述的本实施例中,可以在所附权利要求限定的范围内进行修改。

Claims (11)

1.当由于单相、两相或三相故障导致连接有一个或多个发电机的MV网络(14)上出现电压暂降时向所述网络(14)注入无功功率的装置,其特征在于,该装置包括以下组件:
a)在从风力发电厂(12)到网络(14)的连接上的中压开关(1);
b)每一相上的LV/MV变压器(2);
c)每一相上的具有IGBT或IGCT半导体的dc/ac逆变器(3);
d)dc电容器(4);
e)上述单元组的每一相上的控制电路(20),该控制电路(20)连接到与每个所述单元相关的控制(10、12、13),并包括电压和功率传感器、具有DSP的电压暂降检测电路(10)、用于计算网络(14)上的瞬时电压的装置以及电压比较电路,使得当所述电路(10)检测到电压暂降时,以可变的方式在每个时间间隔基于由上述传感器和电路提供的测量向MV网络(14)上注入无功功率,从网络(14)取得必要的有功功率给电容器(4)。
2.当由于三相故障导致连接有一个或多个发电机的MV网络(14)上出现电压暂降时向所述网络(14)注入无功功率的装置,其特征在于,该装置包括以下组件:
a)在从风力发电厂(12)到网络(14)的连接上的中压开关(1);
b)LV/MV三相变压器(2);
c)具有IGBT或IGCT半导体的dc/ac三相逆变器(3);
d)dc电容器(4);
e)上述单元组的控制电路(20),其连接到与每个所述单元相关的控制(10、12、13),并包括电压和功率传感器、具有DSP的电压暂降检测电路(10)、用于计算网络(14)上的瞬时电压的装置以及电压比较电路,使得当所述电路(10)检测到电压暂降时,以可变的方式在每个时间间隔基于由上述传感器和电路提供的测量向MV网络(14)上注入无功功率,从网络(14)取得必要的有功功率给电容器(4)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的当由于单相、两相或三相故障导致连接有一个或多个发电机的MV网络(14)上出现电压暂降时,向所述MV网络(14)上注入无功功率的装置,其特征在于,所述电压暂降电路(10)在等于或小于1毫秒的时间范围内检测由于单相、两相或三相故障导致的电压暂降。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的当由于单相、两相或三相故障导致连接有一个或多个发电机的MV网络(14)上出现电压暂降时,向所述网络(14)上注入无功功率的装置,其特征在于,所述控制电路(20)在小于或等于20毫秒的时间间隔内改变注入的无功功率的幅度。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的当由于单相、两相或三相故障导致连接有一个或多个发电机的MV网络(14)上出现电压暂降时,向所述网络(14)上注入无功功率的装置,其特征在于,所述装置从MV网络(14)取得其功率。
6.根据权利要求1所述的当由于单相、两相或三相故障导致连接有一个或多个发电机的MV网络(14)上出现电压暂降时,向所述网络(14)上注入无功功率的装置,其特征在于,该装置内建在模块中,使得当所述模块中的一个失效时,其余的模块可以继续工作。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的当由于单相、两相或三相故障导致连接有一个或多个发电机的MV网络(14)上出现电压暂降时,向所述网络(14)上注入无功功率的装置,其特征在于,所述发电机是风力涡轮机。
8.当由于单相、两相或三相故障导致连接有一个或多个发电机的网络上出现电压暂降时,利用根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的装置向所述网络上注入无功功率的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:
a)持续监视所述网络电压的幅度和相位;
b)当检测到单相、两相或三相电压暂降时,在电压暂降持续期间以与所述电压暂降的幅度成比例地可变方式向所述网络受影响的一相或多相上注入无功功率,吸收必要的有功功率。
9.当由于单相、两相或三相故障导致连接有一个或多个发电机的MV网络上出现电压暂降时,利用根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的装置向所述网络上注入无功功率的方法,其特征在于,由所述检测电路(10)执行的上述监视可以在小于或等于1毫秒的时间内检测到电压暂降。
10.当由于单相、两相或三相故障导致连接有一个或多个发电机的MV网络上出现电压暂降时,利用根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的装置向所述网络上注入无功功率的方法,其特征在于,由所述控制电路(20)执行的对所注入无功功率的改变在小于或等于20毫秒的时间间隔内发生。
11.当由于单相、两相或三相故障导致连接有一个或多个发电机的网络上出现电压暂降时,利用根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的装置向所述网络上注入无功功率的方法,其特征在于,所述发电机是风力涡轮机。
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