CN101138926A - Profile modeling laser engraving process method and laser carving machine thereof - Google Patents
Profile modeling laser engraving process method and laser carving machine thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method of form copying laser carving processing belongs to the laser carving processing field. The method uses a CCD laser displacement sensor to detect the distance between a laser head and a workpiece for processing to generate a three-dimensional relief map of the material for carving; a PID control arithmetic is used to control the position of the laser head to ensure that a focus of the laser falls at the surface of the workpiece for processing, so as to realize laser cutting and carving towards irregular materials. A laser carving machine is also provided, including a machine frame, a leaser head, an X-axial and Y-axial flying mechanism which is connected with the laser head, a Z-axial driving mechanism which is vertical with the surface of the workpiece, a CCD laser displacement sensor and an upper controller which is used for controlling form copying carving. The present invention provides a method of form copying laser carving processing which can realize dynamic focusing and real-time focusing during the course of carving and can realize plane carving of the irregular materials, and also provides the laser carving machine of the method.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to the laser engraving field, especially a kind of laser engraving processing method and laser engraving machine thereof.
(2) background technology
Because the surface of workpiece may not be fully smooth, in process, if the surface of the work irregularity degree exceeds the effect that the depth of focus (length of laser convergence point) of laser can influence Laser Processing, in order to address this problem, just must in time adjust focal length, make the focus of laser drop on the surface of work piece, the focal length of adjusting laser need in time obtain current laser head and the distance between the work piece.Present laser engraving machine generally can only be realized the engraving to planar materials, or by the engraving of auxiliary rotation carving device realization to cylinder, the part laser equipment also has by sensor technology realizes detecting automatically focusing.
As the patent No. is CN00205163.X, patent name is a kind of Chinese utility model patent of automatic focusing structure of laser engraving machine, on a vehicle seat of laser engraving machine, vertically set up an electronic type probe, this electron probe is designed to the pipe that the top has the suitable length of flange, on the pipe, hypomere respectively is provided with a scrobicular ring, for the location of the reference column stopper on the vehicle seat, and the circle centre position of pipe end face is provided with perforate, outside the electronics sensing bar of the inner two-period form of confession is stretched on, the electronic rising of platform by the drive of Z axle, make the processing object surface touch probe, and the eyeglass focal length of storing according to software, drop to focusing surface after the calculating and promptly finish automatic focusing, and electron probe can upwards fold the unlikely working substance that touches when work.
Number of patent application is CN200510053684.2 for another example, patent name is a kind of processing method of laser carving machine, be included in the parameter that preestablishes the function that comprises automatic focusing on the PC, make laser engraving machine select to carry out automatic focus function, focus with real automation according to the parameter of being accepted.This method can further extend to the parameter that sets and be included in the different operating object and produce the multiple Different Plane automatically parameter of the function of focusing that gets on, make laser engraving machine according to the parameter of being accepted, when running into different planes, still can focus automatically according to the parameter of previous setting, to save working procedure, allow the operator be more convenient for operating.
The sheet material cutting that such scheme can be realized the sheet material focal length is had relatively high expectations is focused but can only carry out static state, can not focus in real time in the engraving process, can not realize being used for the engraving to the heterotypic material surface.
(3) summary of the invention
Can only carry out the static state focusing in order to overcome existing laser engraving, can not focus, not be suitable for the deficiency of heterotypic material in the engraving process in real time, the invention provides a kind of profiling laser engraving processing method and the laser engraving machine thereof that can realize dynamic focusing, in the engraving process, focus, realize special-shaped cam plane engraving in real time.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of profiling laser engraving processing method may further comprise the steps:
(1), workpiece to be processed is placed on the laser engraving machine;
(2), the control CCD laser displacement sensor exploring laser light head of laser engraving machine and the distance between the workpiece, obtain and survey burnt data, and send to the laser engraving machine dedicated system;
(3), after the laser engraving machine dedicated system obtains the burnt data of survey of whole work-piece, send the data to computer;
(4), computer generates the three-dimensional land map of workpiece according to described data, and drop in the focus of guaranteeing laser under the condition of surface of the work, the position of calculating the laser head of each stroke according to the operation point of processing, and the control signal of the control motor of the drive motors of generation X-axis, Y-axis aviation mechanism, Z shaft transmission;
(5), start the laser engraving machine dedicated system, according to the operation dot sequency of processing, computer sends to the drive motors of X-axis, Y-axis aviation mechanism, the control motor of Z shaft transmission, processing work with control signal.
As preferred a kind of scheme: in described (2), select cooked mode, as selecting plane processing, the distance between direct detection laser head and the workpiece; As select rotation processing, and start the rotation Egraver, drive the laser head rotation, the distance between exploring laser light head and the workpiece in described (5), when starting the laser engraving machine dedicated system, starts the rotation Egraver simultaneously.
A kind of laser engraving machine of realizing described profiling laser engraving processing method, comprise frame, laser head, the X-axis that is connected with laser head, Y-axis aviation mechanism and the last level controller that is used to control the profiling engraving, described X-axis, the Y-axis aviation mechanism is installed on the frame, the described level controller of going up comprises and is used to control X-axis, the Carving Machining module of the track of the stroke of Y-axis aviation mechanism and setting laser head, described Carving Machining module connects X-axis, the Y-axis aviation mechanism, described laser engraving machine also comprises the Z axle driving mechanism vertical with surface of the work, the CCD laser displacement sensor, described Z axle driving mechanism comprises the Z shaft transmission, the control motor, described Z shaft transmission connects laser head, and described Z shaft transmission is fixedlyed connected with the CCD laser displacement sensor; The described level controller of going up also comprises: be used for according to the distance between CCD laser displacement sensor exploring laser light head and the workpiece, and burnt module is surveyed in the scanning of the three-dimensional land map of generation surface of the work; Be used for according to three-dimensional land map, and the focus that satisfies laser head is positioned at the surface of workpiece, the position of calculating the laser head of each stroke according to the operation point of processing is carved control module at each operation point to controlling the profiling that motor sends control instruction; Described CCD laser displacement sensor connects scanning and surveys burnt module, and described scanning is surveyed burnt module and connected Carving Machining module, profiling engraving control module, and described profiling engraving control module connects the control motor.
Further, described laser engraving machine also comprises the rotation Egraver, and described laser head is installed on the described rotation Egraver.
Further, described control motor is stepper motor or servomotor.
Technical conceive of the present invention is: adopt one " CCD laser displacement sensor " to come the distance between exploring laser light head and the work piece, generation is by the material for carving on it three-dimensional land map, control the position of laser head by pid control algorithm, guarantee that the focus of laser drops on the surface of work piece, thereby realize heterotypic material is carried out laser cutting and engraving, can realize special-shaped cam plane engraving, also can utilize the engraving of auxiliary rotation carving device realization special-shaped cylinder.
Beneficial effect of the present invention mainly shows: 1, adopt the distance between Z axle driving mechanism adjusting laser head and the workpiece, can realize dynamic focusing, focusing in real time in the engraving process; 2, realized special-shaped cam plane engraving.
(4) description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of laser engraving machine.
Fig. 2 is the structure chart of X-axis aviation mechanism.
Fig. 3 is the structure chart of Y-axis aviation mechanism.
Fig. 4 is the structure chart of laser head.
Fig. 5 is the structure chart of Z axle driving mechanism.
Fig. 6 is the structure chart of CCD laser displacement sensor.
Fig. 7 is the principle schematic of CCD laser displacement sensor.
Fig. 8 is a theory diagram of going up level controller.
Fig. 9 is the flow chart of laser engraving machine.
(5) specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is further described.
With reference to Fig. 9, a kind of profiling laser engraving processing method may further comprise the steps:
(1), workpiece to be processed is placed on the laser engraving machine;
(2), the control CCD laser displacement sensor exploring laser light head of laser engraving machine and the distance between the workpiece, obtain and survey burnt data, and send to the laser engraving machine dedicated system;
(3), after the laser engraving machine dedicated system obtains the burnt data of survey of whole work-piece, send the data to computer;
(4), computer generates the three-dimensional land map of workpiece according to described data, and drop in the focus of guaranteeing laser under the condition of surface of the work, the position of calculating the laser head of each stroke according to the operation point of processing, and the control signal of the control motor of the drive motors of generation X-axis, Y-axis aviation mechanism, Z shaft transmission;
(5), start the laser engraving machine dedicated system, according to the operation dot sequency of processing, computer sends to the drive motors of X-axis, Y-axis aviation mechanism, the control motor of Z shaft transmission, processing work with control signal.
In described (2), select cooked mode, as selecting plane processing, the distance between direct detection laser head and the workpiece; As select rotation processing, and start the rotation Egraver, drive the laser head rotation, the distance between exploring laser light head and the workpiece in described (5), when starting the laser engraving machine dedicated system, starts the rotation Egraver simultaneously.
With reference to Fig. 1~Fig. 9, a kind of laser engraving machine, comprise frame 1, laser head 2, the X-axis that is connected with laser head 2, Y- axis aviation mechanism 3,4 and the last level controller 5 that is used to control the profiling engraving, described X-axis, Y- axis aviation mechanism 3,4 are installed on the frame 1, the described level controller 5 of going up comprises and is used to control X-axis, the Carving Machining module 6 of the track of the stroke of Y-axis aviation mechanism and setting laser head, described Carving Machining module 6 connects X-axis, Y- axis aviation mechanism 3,4, described laser engraving machine also comprises the Z axle driving mechanism vertical with surface of the work, CCD laser displacement sensor 7, described Z axle driving mechanism comprises Z shaft transmission 8, control motor 9, described Z shaft transmission 8 connects laser head 2, and described Z shaft transmission 8 is fixedlyed connected with CCD laser displacement sensor 7; The described level controller 5 of going up also comprises: be used for according to the distance between CCD laser displacement sensor exploring laser light head and the workpiece, and burnt module 10 is surveyed in the scanning of the three-dimensional land map of generation surface of the work; Be used for according to three-dimensional land map, and the focus that satisfies laser head is positioned at the surface of workpiece, the position of calculating the laser head of each stroke according to the operation point of processing is carved control module 11 at each operation point to controlling the profiling that motor sends control instruction; Described CCD laser displacement sensor 7 connects scanning and surveys burnt module 10, and described scanning is surveyed burnt module 10 and connected Carving Machining module 6, profiling engraving control module 11, and described profiling engraving control module 11 connects control motor 9.
Described laser engraving machine also comprises rotation Egraver 12, and described laser head 2 is installed on the described rotation Egraver 12.Described control motor 9 is stepper motor or servomotor.
But present embodiment is three laser engraving cutting machines being made up of X, Y flight light path and automatic focusing Z shaft device, and described X, Y aviation mechanism 3,4 and Z shaft transmission all connect the control motor.The Z shaft device of laser engraving cutting machine comprises control motor, Z shaft transmission, and CCD laser displacement sensor assembly, laser focusing head assembly, laser mirror assembly are installed on the Z shaft transmission.Ccd sensor in the described CCD laser displacement sensor assembly passes through the distance (position) of laser instrument emitted laser among the figure at the catoptric imaging judgment object of body surface, and data are fed back to level controller by interface circuit.Described control motor accepts to go up the instruction of level controller, drives the motion of laser focusing head assembly by transmission mechanism, adjusts laser focal in real time.Described carved object can be irregular planar object or cartridge type object.Described cartridge type object can be installed by auxiliary rotation carving device.
Present embodiment is the bamboo wood engraving machine, and its concrete operations are as follows:
The first step, place workpiece to be processed: open machine power, bamboo wood workpiece to be processed is placed.
Second step, select cooked mode: because of this system has plane processing work function, also have a rotating machined workpiece function, the user needs the workpiece according to concrete needs processing earlier before operating, set suitable cooked mode.Set-up mode is as follows:
(1) by the software setting:
On PC software, there be one " cooked mode " that window is set in " control panel ", corresponding cooked mode can be set.
(2) by the control panel setting above the control system:
On control panel, press " set " button, enter into " system's setting " window, in this window, select " cooked mode " menu, carry out the parameter setting by " determining " key again, after setting completed, press confirming button.
The 3rd step: the focal length measurement parameter is provided with
Open PC software (special-purpose bamboo wood engraving machine software), in menu window, select " be provided with->the sweep parameter setting ", the parameter inside setting.
It is as follows to open the back display window:
X-axis scanning accuracy: be used to be provided with X-direction what millimeter measurements of interval a bit;
Y-axis scanning accuracy: be used to be provided with Y direction what millimeter measurements of interval a bit;
Sweep speed: be used to be provided with the speed of service of surveying Jiao;
Open scanning: before being used to be arranged on processing work, whether need to carry out focal length measurement, selected state, expression needs to measure;
Laser head and focal length: because of there is certain deviation in the position of displacement transducer and laser head, so parameter is used to revise this deviate.
Testing time: be used to be provided with any one group of data and take multiple measurements, to obtain accurate more data.
The 4th step: carry out focal length measurement.
Above parameter on PC, edits graphic file to be processed all after setting completed,, by " all operations " button, bamboo wood engraving machine dedicated system is carried out scanning survey according to the scanning accuracy that is provided with, and generates three-dimensional land map then.
After whole graphics processing was all measured and finished, PC sent to PC software with the data that measure, and PC software obtains after the data, carries out corresponding data, after disposing, sent whole processed file data to bamboo wood engraving machine dedicated system.
The 5th step: processing work
After bamboo wood engraving dedicated system is received the processed file data,,, will carry out processing work automatically,, after then needing to manually boot, just begin processing work if be under the pattern of manually booting if handle under the automatic mode according to current start-up mode.
Claims (5)
1. profiling laser engraving processing method may further comprise the steps:
(1), workpiece to be processed is placed on the laser engraving machine;
(2), the control CCD laser displacement sensor exploring laser light head of laser engraving machine and the distance between the workpiece, obtain and survey burnt data, and send to the laser engraving machine dedicated system;
(3), after the laser engraving machine dedicated system obtains the burnt data of survey of whole work-piece, send the data to computer;
(4), computer generates the three-dimensional land map of workpiece according to described data, and drop in the focus of guaranteeing laser under the condition of surface of the work, the position of calculating the laser head of each stroke according to the operation point of processing, and the control signal of the control motor of the drive motors of generation X-axis, Y-axis aviation mechanism, Z shaft transmission;
(5), start the laser engraving machine dedicated system, according to the operation dot sequency of processing, computer sends to the drive motors of X-axis, Y-axis aviation mechanism, the control motor of Z shaft transmission, processing work with control signal.
2. a kind of profiling laser engraving processing method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: in described (2), select cooked mode, as selecting plane processing, the distance between direct detection laser head and the workpiece; As select rotation processing, and start the rotation Egraver, drive the laser head rotation, the distance between exploring laser light head and the workpiece in described (5), when starting the laser engraving machine dedicated system, starts the rotation Egraver simultaneously.
3. laser engraving machine that is used to realize profiling laser engraving processing method as claimed in claim, the last level controller that comprises frame, laser head, the X-axis that is connected with laser head, Y-axis aviation mechanism and be used for the action of driving laser head, described X-axis, Y-axis aviation mechanism are installed on the frame, describedly go up the Carving Machining module that level controller comprises the track of the stroke that is used to control X-axis, Y-axis aviation mechanism and setting laser head, described Carving Machining module connects X-axis, Y-axis aviation mechanism, it is characterized in that:
Described laser engraving machine also comprises Z axle driving mechanism, the CCD laser displacement sensor vertical with surface of the work, described Z axle driving mechanism comprises Z shaft transmission, control motor, described Z shaft transmission connects laser head, and described Z shaft transmission is fixedlyed connected with the CCD laser displacement sensor;
The described level controller of going up also comprises:
Be used for according to the distance between CCD laser displacement sensor exploring laser light head and the workpiece, and burnt module is surveyed in the scanning of the three-dimensional land map of generation surface of the work;
Be used for according to three-dimensional land map, and the focus that satisfies laser head is positioned at the surface of workpiece, the position of calculating the laser head of each stroke according to the operation point of processing is carved control module at each operation point to controlling the profiling that motor sends control instruction;
Described CCD laser displacement sensor connects scanning and surveys burnt module, and described scanning is surveyed burnt module and connected Carving Machining module, profiling engraving control module, and described profiling engraving control module connects the control motor.
4. laser engraving machine as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: described laser engraving machine also comprises the rotation Egraver, and described laser head is installed on the described rotation Egraver.
5. as claim 3 or 4 described laser engraving machines, it is characterized in that: described control motor is stepper motor or servomotor.
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