CN101135258B - 增压的内燃机 - Google Patents

增压的内燃机 Download PDF

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CN101135258B
CN101135258B CN2007101469721A CN200710146972A CN101135258B CN 101135258 B CN101135258 B CN 101135258B CN 2007101469721 A CN2007101469721 A CN 2007101469721A CN 200710146972 A CN200710146972 A CN 200710146972A CN 101135258 B CN101135258 B CN 101135258B
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combustion engine
internal
exhaust
crankcase
combustion
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CN101135258A (zh
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P·劳尔
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MAN Energy Solutions SE
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MAN Diesel SE
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B67/00Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B67/04Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for of mechanically-driven auxiliary apparatus
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B35/00Engines characterised by provision of pumps for sucking combustion residues from cylinders
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01MLUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M13/00Crankcase ventilating or breathing
    • F01M13/02Crankcase ventilating or breathing by means of additional source of positive or negative pressure
    • F01M13/021Crankcase ventilating or breathing by means of additional source of positive or negative pressure of negative pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B39/00Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
    • F02B39/02Drives of pumps; Varying pump drive gear ratio
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
  • Lubrication Details And Ventilation Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种内燃机,具有用于压缩或增压要输送到内燃机汽缸的燃烧用空气流的装置(13,14)、将已压缩的燃烧用空气流冷却的增压空气冷却器(16)、用于压缩曲轴箱排气的装置(18)。按照本发明已压缩的曲轴箱排气可以朝着内燃机的方向如此地回输,使得该已压缩的曲轴箱排气在增压空气冷却器(16)的下游被导入到已压缩和冷却的燃烧用空气流或增压空气流(17)中。

Description

增压的内燃机 
技术领域
本发明涉及一种增压的内燃机。 
背景技术
由DE 10 2004 031 281 A1已知具有废气涡轮增压机的内燃机,其中废气涡轮增压机具有涡轮机和压气机(Verdichter)。在废气涡轮增压机的涡轮机中,内燃机的废气流被膨胀,其中废气涡轮增压机的涡轮机驱动废气涡轮增压机的压气机,用于由此将输送到内燃机的燃烧用空气流压缩。已压缩的燃烧用空气流在输送到内燃机的汽缸里面之前在增压空气冷却器中被冷却。已压缩并冷却的燃烧用空气流也称为增压空气流。 
按照DE 10 2004 031 281 A1的内燃机还具有构造为气泵的、用于压缩曲轴箱排气的装置,其中已压缩的曲轴箱排气可以回输到内燃机,确切地说是这样回输,使得已压缩的曲轴箱排气在增压空气冷却器的上游与已压缩的、未冷却的燃烧用空气流混合。由此存在污染增压空气冷却器的危险。 
发明内容
由此提出本发明的目的是,提供一种新型的增压的内燃机。通过下述内燃机解决这个问题。 
该内燃机具有用于压缩或增压要输送到内燃机汽缸的燃烧用空气流的装置、将已压缩的燃烧用空气流冷却的增压空气冷却器、用于压缩曲轴箱排气的装置。按照本发明,已压缩的曲轴箱排气朝着内燃机的方向如此地被回输,使得该已压缩的曲轴箱排气在增压空气冷却器的下游被导入到已压缩并冷却的燃烧用空气流或增压空气流中,其中,所述用于压缩曲轴箱排气的装置配属有带着调节装置的驱动器,其中该调节装置如此地控制驱动器,使得取决于负载的曲轴箱压力基本恒定且低于环境压力。 
在按照本发明的内燃机中,已压缩的曲轴箱排气可以在增压空气冷却器的下游朝着内燃机的方向被回输,由此使得对于按照本发明的 内燃机,已压缩的曲轴箱排气与已压缩并已经冷却的燃烧用空气流混合。由此实现了对于增压空气冷却器不存在污染危险的目的。按照本发明的内燃机的另一优点是,可能在曲轴箱排气中含有的油也可以被用于润滑附属于内燃机汽缸的增压空气进气阀。 
附图说明
由从属权利要求和下面的描述给出本发明的优选改进方案。借助于附图详细描述本发明的实施例,但是不局限于此。附图中: 
图1以示意图示出根据本发明的第一实施例的、按照本发明的增压的内燃机, 
图2以示意图示出根据本发明的第二实施例的、按照本发明的增压的内燃机, 
图3以示意图示出根据本发明的第三实施例的、按照本发明的增压的内燃机。 
附图标记列表 
10    内燃机 
11    废气流 
12    涡轮机 
13    废气涡轮增压机 
14    压气机 
15    燃烧用空气流 
16    增压空气冷却器 
17    增压空气流 
18    压气机 
19    驱动器 
20    曲轴箱排气 
21    调节装置 
22    测量信号 
23    控制信号 
24    截止装置 
25    油分离器 
26    油 
具体实施方式
下面借助于图1至3,以单级的废气涡轮增压的内燃机为示例描述本发明。要指出,本发明不局限于这种单级的废气涡轮增压的内燃机。而是本发明也可以用于多级废气涡轮增压的内燃机、压缩增压的内燃机或者以其它方式和方法增压的内燃机。对于内燃机可以是指柴油发动机、汽油发动机、HCCI(均质充量压缩点燃)发动机或其它内燃发动机。 
图1示出按照本发明的第一实施例的示意图,其中离开内燃机10的废气流11被输送到废气涡轮增压机13的涡轮机12,并且在该涡轮机中膨胀。该废气涡轮增压机13的涡轮机12驱动该废气涡轮增压机的压气机14,其中在废气涡轮增压机13的压气机14中,将要输送到内燃机10的燃烧用空气流15压缩。 
在废气涡轮增压机13的压气机14中压缩的燃烧用空气流15被输送到增压空气冷却器16,它冷却已压缩的燃烧用空气流,由此在增压空气冷却器16的下游形成已压缩且冷却的燃烧用空气流,它也称为增压空气流17。 
按照图1,按照本发明的内燃机10具有另一压气机18,它由驱动器19驱动,并且用于将来自内燃机10的曲轴箱的曲轴箱排气20压缩。被压气机18压缩的曲轴箱排气20在本发明的意义上如此地朝着内燃机10的方向回输,使得曲轴箱排气在增压空气冷却器16的下游朝着内燃机的方向回输,然后被导入到已压缩并冷却的燃烧用空气流、即增压空气流17中。 
按照图1,对于驱动器19附设有一个调节装置21。该调节装置21调节驱动器19,并由此这样地调节用于压缩曲轴箱排气20的压气机18,使得取决于负载的曲轴箱压力优选基本恒定,并且优选比内燃机的环境压力小了确定的数值。 
为此测量曲轴箱压力。并且将相应的测量信号22输送到调节装置21,该调节装置由这个对应于曲轴箱压力的实际值的测量信号并且以存储的曲轴箱压力的理论值为基础,产生用于控制压气机18的驱动器19的控制信号23。用于压缩曲轴箱排气20的压气机18优选如此地被驱动器19驱动,使得曲轴箱压力基本位于内燃机10环境压力之下1mbar。 
取决于负载的曲轴箱压力也可以大于内燃机的环境压力。此外取决于负载的曲轴箱压力不必恒定。而是可以使曲轴箱压力变化,并且例如按照理论曲线进行调节。 
按照图1,被压气机18压缩的曲轴箱排气20通过构造为止回阀的截止装置24可以朝着内燃机10的方向回输。构造为止回阀24的截止装置防止增压空气朝着压气机18的方向溢流,但是能够使已压缩的曲轴箱排气流入到增压空气17中。 
用于压缩曲轴箱排气的独立的压气机18可以构造为螺旋压气机或者也可以由活塞压气机或者泵,并且相对于污物以及焦化,比废气涡轮增压机13的压气机14显著更不敏感。 
按照本发明的另一有利改进方案,按照本发明的内燃机还包括有油分离器,用于从曲轴箱排气中分离出油或油雾。 
这在图2和3示出,其中在图2和3中为了避免不必要的重复,对于相同的结构组件使用与图1相同的标记符号。下面借助于图2和3只描述那些使图2和3的实施例与图1的实施例不同的细节。在所有其它的细节方面,请参阅对于图1实施例的描述。 
因此在图2的实施例中,对于内燃机10附设有一个油分离器25,它设置在用于压缩曲轴箱排气20的压气机18的上游。按照图2,然后使曲轴箱排气20在被压气机18压缩之前输送通过油分离器25,其中在油分离器25中分离出的油26或者被去除或者被回输到内燃机的油回路里面。 
在图3的实施例中,所述油分离器25设置在用于压缩曲轴箱排气20的压气机18的下游,由此使曲轴箱排气20首先在压气机18中压缩后再输送通过油分离器25。在图3的实施例中,也使在油分离器25中分离的油26或者被回输到内燃机的油回路,或者备选地将分离出的油26去除。 
按照图2和3的实施例的油分离器25可以构造为离心力分离器或惯性分离器,或者构造为电子分离器或者扩散分离器。作为离心力分离器例如可以使用离心分离机、并联分离器、盘式分离器或者旋风分离器。作为扩散分离器可使用绕组过滤器、纤维过滤器、离心过滤器或者丝网过滤器。作为电子分离器可以使用电子过滤器。同样可以使用将离心力分离器、电子分离器和扩散分离器相互组合的油分离器。 

Claims (6)

1.内燃机,具有用于压缩或增压要输送到内燃机汽缸的燃烧用空气流的装置、将已压缩的燃烧用空气流冷却的增压空气冷却器、用于压缩曲轴箱排气的装置,其特征在于,已压缩的曲轴箱排气能够朝着内燃机的方向如此地回输,使得已压缩的曲轴箱排气在增压空气冷却器(16)的下游被导入到已压缩和冷却的燃烧用空气流或增压空气流(17)中,其中,所述用于压缩曲轴箱排气的装置(18)配属有带着调节装置(21)的驱动器(19),其中该调节装置(21)如此地控制驱动器(19),使得取决于负载的曲轴箱压力基本恒定且低于环境压力。
2.如权利要求1所述的内燃机,其特征在于截止装置(24),该截止装置防止增压空气(17)朝着用于压缩曲轴箱排气的装置(18)的方向发生溢流,但是该截止装置允许已压缩的曲轴箱排气流入到增压空气(17)中。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的内燃机,其特征在于,在用于压缩曲轴箱排气的装置(18)的上游设置有油分离器(25),用于在压缩曲轴箱排气之前从曲轴箱排气中分离出油。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的内燃机,其特征在于,在用于压缩曲轴箱排气的装置(18)的下游设置有油分离器(25),用于在压缩曲轴箱排气之后从曲轴箱排气中分离出油。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的内燃机,其特征在于,所述用于压缩或增压要输送到内燃机汽缸的燃烧用空气流的装置被构造为具有涡轮机和压气机的废气涡轮增压机,其中该废气涡轮增压机的涡轮机使离开内燃机的废气流膨胀,并且其中废气涡轮增压机的压气机由该废气涡轮增压机的涡轮机来驱动,并且该压气机压缩燃烧用空气流。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的内燃机,其特征在于,所述用于压缩或增压要输送到内燃机汽缸的燃烧用空气流的装置构造为压缩机。
CN2007101469721A 2006-09-02 2007-09-03 增压的内燃机 Expired - Fee Related CN101135258B (zh)

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CN105041426B (zh) * 2015-08-31 2018-04-13 中船动力有限公司 气体燃料发动机曲轴箱闭式透气系统

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JP2005264918A (ja) * 2004-03-22 2005-09-29 Fuso Engineering Corp ターボ過給機付きエンジンのブローバイガス還流装置
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