CN101132805A - 用于改善类风湿性关节炎症状的营养产品 - Google Patents
用于改善类风湿性关节炎症状的营养产品 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101132805A CN101132805A CNA2006800070972A CN200680007097A CN101132805A CN 101132805 A CN101132805 A CN 101132805A CN A2006800070972 A CNA2006800070972 A CN A2006800070972A CN 200680007097 A CN200680007097 A CN 200680007097A CN 101132805 A CN101132805 A CN 101132805A
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Abstract
本发明公开了用于治疗风湿性疾病的营养组合物。该营养组合物含有脂肪源,所述脂肪源包含至少一种:1)至少一种ω-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸和2)至少一种ω-6长链多不饱和脂肪酸;碳水化合物源;蛋白质源;以及乳香属植物提取物和粗脉蕨属植物提取物中的至少一种。还公开了治疗风湿性疾病及其症状的方法,其包括向个体给药以有效量的上述营养组合物。
Description
本申请要求了2005年3月4日登记的美国临时申请No.60/658,931的权益。
发明领域
本发明涉及营养组合物和使用所述组合物改善关节炎或其它风湿性疾病或病症的症状的方法,所述方法可用于患有或者可能发展为这样的疾病或病症的情况。
发明背景
结缔组织是指使身体保持连接在一起的组织。结缔组织疾病通常是用于描述多种涉及结缔组织的痛苦的术语。数百万人遭受着由于结缔组织炎症而带来的疼痛,尤其是关节部位的疼痛。疼痛的范围从轻微的疼痛直至能够阻止疼痛身体部位任何运动的令人衰弱的疼痛。
风湿性疾病是一种结缔组织疾病,其包括多种不同的病症。风湿性疾病的一个共同特征是都涉及关节及周围组织例如韧带、腱和肌肉。风湿性疾病通常分为主要涉及关节的疾病,称作关节炎,和涉及其它组织的疾病,通常指结缔组织疾病。关节炎被进一步细分为炎性关节炎和非炎性关节炎。
骨关节炎是一种非炎性型的关节炎。通常认为骨关节炎应归因于由长期使用关节而导致关节表面损伤的退化作用,其导致了运动时关节的疼痛。骨关节炎的症状趋向于随着运动而加重,因此在每天结束时经受的疼痛最严重。相反,炎性关节炎症状所包含的最严重的疼痛发生于在一夜非活动性的睡眠之后活动关节的时候。
炎性关节炎通常是指那些,例如,由免疫系统和/或一些其它机制在关节处引起炎症的关节疾病。其中炎性关节炎较为常见的类型是类风湿性关节炎、痛风、牛皮癣性关节炎(与皮肤的牛皮癣病症有关),反应性关节炎、病毒性或后病毒性关节炎(发生在感染之后)和椎关节炎,其影响脊柱以及关节。
炎性关节炎的特征症状是一个或多个关节的疼痛和肿胀。疼痛的关节通常比身体的其它关节温暖。替代地或者另外地,疼痛关节的僵硬感经常发生在早晨醒来时,或者发生在保持不动一段时间后。在这个时候,还没有确定且可识别的病因与开始患有炎性关节炎有关。
尽管通常不称其为正式的疾病,但是有许多轻微的疼痛虽没有被归为关节炎,但由于伤害、扭伤和/或炎症(结缔组织的)却将其称作软组织风湿病,其中的一些例子包括网球肘、冻肩、腕管综合症、脚底筋膜炎和跟腱炎(Achilles tendonitis)。
发明简介
本发明涉及营养组合物,包括医疗食品,其包含脂肪源、碳水化合物源和蛋白质源,其中所述组合物包括至少一种ω-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸,任选地ω-6长链多不饱和脂肪酸例如γ-亚麻酸(GLA),以及乳香属植物(Boswellia)提取物和粗脉蕨属植物(Phlebodium)提取物中的至少一种。
本发明还涉及改善关节炎或其它风湿性疾病或病症的症状的方法,该方法是通过将包含脂肪源、碳水化合物源和蛋白质源的营养组合物给药于患有或者可能发展为上述疾病或病症的个体而实现的,其中所述组合物包括至少一种ω-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸,任选地ω-6长链多不饱和脂肪酸例如γ-亚麻酸(GLA),以及乳香属植物提取物和粗脉蕨属植物提取物中的至少一种。
本发明的营养组合物及相应的方法在改善个体中的关节炎或其它风湿性疾病或症状方面是有效的,所述个体患有或可能发展为上述的疾病或病症。不受理论的限制,我们相信这些组合物和相应的方法提供了抗炎活性并且特异性地减少了关节中促炎细胞因子的含量。
附图简介
图1来自实验例1,其图示了用对照饲料,添加了乳香树、姜黄、鱼母Crataeva或多酚提取物的相同饲料饲喂的II型胶原免疫小鼠,和用Oxepa饲喂的免疫小鼠的关节炎发作的发病率和天数。氢化泼尼松组是用对照饲料饲喂的并且每日用氢化泼尼松腹腔处理的免疫小鼠(*表示在p<0.05时相对于对照的统计显著性)。
图2来自实验例1,其图示了用对照饲料,添加了乳香树、姜黄、鱼木(Crataeva)或多酚提取物的相同饲料饲喂的II型胶原免疫小鼠,以及用Oxepa饲喂的免疫小鼠的关节炎指数和相对强度。氢化泼尼松组是用对照饲料饲喂的并且每日用氢化泼尼松腹腔处理的免疫小鼠(*表示在p<0.05时相对于对照的统计显著性)。
图3来自实验例1,其图示了用对照饲料,添加了乳香树、姜黄、Craeva或多酚提取物的相同饲料饲喂的II型胶原免疫小鼠以及用Oxepa饲喂的免疫小鼠的血清和关节组织匀浆中抗CII IgG2a的浓度。氢化泼尼松组是用对照饲料饲喂的并且每日用氢化泼尼松腹腔处理的免疫小鼠(*表示在p<0.05时相对于对照的统计显著性)。
图4来自实验例1,其图示了用对照饲料,添加了乳香树、姜黄、鱼木或多酚提取物的相同饲料饲喂的II型胶原免疫小鼠以及用Oxepa饲喂的免疫小鼠关节组织匀浆中IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10和MMP-9的浓度。氢化泼尼松组是用对照饲料饲喂的并且每日用氢化泼尼松腹腔处理的免疫小鼠(*表示在p<0.05时相对于对照的统计显著性)。
图5来自实验例2,其图示了用对照饲料或添加了粗脉蕨属植物提取物的相同饲料饲喂的II型胶原免疫小鼠关节炎发作的发病率和天数(*表示在p<0.05时相对于对照的统计显著性)。
图6来自实验例2,其图示了用对照饲料或添加了粗脉蕨属植物提取物的相同饲料饲喂的II型胶原免疫小鼠中的关节炎指数和相对强度。
图7来自本文的实验例3,其图示了的用对照饲料,添加了乳香树、多酚或Phlebodium decumanum提取物的相同饲料饲喂的II型胶原免疫小鼠以及用Oxepa饲喂的免疫小鼠中的滑液炎症、关节翳形成、软骨损伤、骨组织破坏以及炎症的形态指数。氢化泼尼松组(Pred)是用对照饲料饲喂的并且每日用氢化泼尼松腹腔处理的免疫小鼠。数据是平均值±SEM(*表示在p<0.05时相对于对照的统计显著性)。
图8显示了来自实验例3(对照组)的受试小鼠右后肢膝盖的组织切片,其显示了严重的炎症(3度)、轻微的关节翳形成(1度)、严重的软骨损伤(3度),和非常轻微的骨组织破坏(1度)。H&E.4×。
图9显示了来自实验例3(类皮质激素组)的受试小鼠左后肢膝盖的组织切片,其显示了正常的关节。H&E.4×。
图10显示了来自实验例3(乳香树组)的受试小鼠左后肢跗关节的组织切片,其显示了轻微的炎症(1度)、轻微的软骨损伤(1度),和正常的骨结构。H&E.4×。
图11显示了来自实验例3(多酚组)的受试小鼠左后肢膝盖的组织切片,其显示了严重的炎症(3度)、中度的关节翳形成(2度),严重的软骨损伤(3度),以及无骨骼影响。H&E.4×。
图12显示了来自实验例3(粗脉蕨属植物提取物组)的受试小鼠右前肢肘的组织切片,其显示了严重的炎症(3度)、中度的软骨损伤(2度),和轻微的骨影响(1度)。H&E.4×。
图13显示了来自实验例3(Oxepa组)的受试小鼠右前肢肘的组织切片,其显示了具有少量炎性细胞的轻微的滑液炎症(1度)。H&E.10×。
发明详述
本发明的组合物以及相应方法涉及含有作为基本要素的脂肪源、蛋白质源和碳水化合物源的营养组合物,所述组合物包括ω-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸和ω-6长链多不饱和脂肪酸,以及包括乳香属植物提取物和粗脉蕨属植物提取物中的至少一种。以下对本发明组合物及相应方法的这些及其它基本或任选的要素或限定进行详细描述。
除非另有说明,这里所使用的术语“改善”的意思是在个体中治疗、控制、预防,或者不同地减少所识别的症状、病症或疾病的发生、强度或复发,其中所述个体患有或倾向于发展为上述的症状、病症或疾病。
除非另有说明,这里所使用的术语“医疗食品”通常是指以认可的科学原则为基础,通过医学评估而为不同的营养需求确立的食品,所述食品是为在医师的监督下肠吸收或给药而配置的并且计划用于对疾病或病症进行特定饮食管理。
除非另有说明,这里使用的所有的百分数、份数和比例都是按总组合物的重量计算的。除非另有说明,附属于所列成分的所有这样的重量都是基于活性水平的,因此,其不包括可商购获得的材料中可能包括的溶剂或副产物。
除非另有说明或者通过作为参照的上下文清楚地暗示了相反的情况,任何与本发明单数特征或限定有关的参照都将包括相应的复数特征或限定,反之亦然。
除非另有说明或者通过作为参照的上下文清楚地暗示出相反的情况,这里所使用的方法或工艺步骤的任合组合能够以任意的顺序进行。
本发明的组合物和方法可以包含下述内容、由下述内容组成或者基本上由下述内容组成,所述内容是在这里所描述的发明的基本要素和限定,以及这里所描述的任何附加的或任选的成分、组分或限定或者用于营养或药物应用的其它物质。
本发明的组合物和方法还可以基本上不合任何这里所描述的任选成分。在本文中,术语“基本上不含”的意思是所选择的组合物含有小于功能化量的任选成分,优选这样的任选成分按重量计为百分之零。
产品形式
本发明的营养组合物涉及用于口服给药的任何已知或者其它合适的产品形式。任何固体、液体或粉末形式,包括它们的组合或者变化,都适于在这里使用,只要这样的形式能够安全有效地口服传递目标产品形式中的基本以及其它可选择成分。
适于在这里使用的固体营养产品形式的非限定性例子包括零食和膳食替代产品,包括那些配制成条,棍,饼干或面包或蛋糕或其它烘焙制品,冷冻液体,糖果,早餐谷类食品,粉末或颗粒固体或者其它颗粒,零食碎片或口嚼片(bites)等等的产品。营养组合物还可以配制成其它产品形式例如胶囊、片剂和锭剂等等。
适于在这里使用的液体营养产品形式的非限定性例子包括零食和膳食替代产品例如那些配制成汁液或其它酸化饮料,乳制品或豆类饮料,振摇饮料,咖啡,茶,碳酸饮料,非碳酸饮料和肠供给组合物等等的产品。这些液体组合物最一般地是被配制成悬浮液或者乳化液,但是也可以配制成任何其它合适的形式例如溶液和液体凝胶等等。
在这里所使用的合适产品形式的其它非限定性例子包括半固体或半液体组合物例如布丁和凝胶等等。
乳香属植物和粗脉蕨属植物提取物
本发明的营养组合物以对关节炎或其它风湿性疾病或病症症状的改善有效的量包含乳香属植物提取物、粗脉蕨属植物提取物,或其组合。组合物中所述提取物的浓度范围按组合物重量计可以为约0.1%到约5%,包括约0.2%到约3%,并且还包括约0.3%到约2%。
除非另有说明,在这里所使用的术语“提取物”的意思是指来自被提取植物部位的水溶性和/或醇溶性和/或其它适当溶剂可溶的植物提取物组分的浓缩物。所述提取物可以是液体、糊状物、油或粉末的形式。
乳香属植物提取物可以由属于下列种属中的至少一种的植物获得:乳香属、没药属和Bursera属或密切相关的橄榄科族木本植物物种。乳香属植物提取物通常含有一种或多种乳香酸(bswellic acids)。
乳香属植物提取物优选从渗出的树胶、树胶脂、或标准化的树胶提取物中获得,所述树胶、树胶脂或标准化的树胶提取物是由橄榄科族的木本植物物种获得或者衍生而来的。也可以得到叶子、根和/或茎用以获得所述提取物。例如,参见,Sen等人的Carbohydrate Res.223,321(1992)和Ammon等人的Planta Med.57,203(1991),因此在本方面将上述文献引入作为参考。
乳香属、没药属、Bursera属或密切相关的橄榄科族木本植物物种的树木一般野生于世界上干旱和半干旱的热带或暖温带地区并且含有高浓度的乳香酸以及其它密切相关的化合物。用于提供乳香属植物提取物的具体植物的植物学来源的例子包括Boswellia serrata、Boswelliabhau-dajiana、Boswellia frereana、Boswellia papyrifera、SudaneseBoswellia sacra、Boswellia carteri、Commiphora incisa、Commiphoramyrrha、Commiphora abysslnlca、Commiphora erthraea、Commiphoramolmol和Bursera microphylla。
本发明的营养组合物包括那些每剂包含从约10mg到约1800mg,优选从100mg到约800mg乳香属植物树胶提取物,因而能从提取物中提供有效量的乳香酸的实施方案。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,乳香属植物提取物含有至少一种具有如下式I所代表的化学结构的乳香酸:
其中每个R独立地是烷基、烯基、芳基、烷氧基或羟烷基;R2是羟基、烷氧基、羟烷基或烷氧羰基;并且R3是氢、羟基、烷基、烯基、烷氧基或羟烷基(在每种情况中每个烷基、烯基、芳基、烷氧基、羟烷基和烷氧羰基基团独立地含有从1到约10个碳原子)。
在另一个实施方案中,乳香属植物提取物含有至少一种具有如下式II所代表的化学结构的乳香酸:
其中每个R独立地是烷基、烯基、芳基、烷氧基或羟烷基;R2是羟基、烷氧基、羟烷基或烷氧羰基;并且R3是氢、羟基、烷基、烯基、烷氧基或羟烷基(在每种情况中每个烷基、烯基、芳基、烷氧基、羟烷基和烷氧羰基基团独立地含有从1到约10个碳原子)。
在另一个实施方案中,乳香属植物提取物含有至少一种具有如下式III所代表的化学结构的乳香酸:
其中每个R独立地是烷基、烯基、芳基、烷氧基或羟烷基;R2是羟基、烷氧基、羟烷基或烷氧羰基;并且R3是氢、羟基、烷基、烯基、烷氧基或羟烷基(在每种情况中每个烷基、烯基、芳基、烷氧基、羟烷基和烷氧羰基基团独立地含有从1到约10个碳原子)。
在本发明的又一个实施方案中,在式I、II或III所代表的化学结构中,每个R独立地是含有从1到约4个碳原子的烷基;R2是羟基,含有从1到约4个碳原子的烷氧基,含有从1到约4个碳原子的羟烷基,或含有从1到约4个碳原子的烷氧羰基;并且R3是氢或羟基。乳香酸可以是游离酸的形式,酸性盐的形式或酯的形式。烷基、烯基、芳基、烷氧基、羟烷基和烷氧羰基基团的常见的例子包括甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、环己基、丙烯基、苯基、甲氧基、乙氧基、羟甲基、羟乙基和乙酰基。
乳香酸包括三萜酸。乳香酸的具体例子包括B-乳香酸(3α-羟基乌苏-12-烯-24-酸)(式I中每个R均是甲基,R2是羟基,并且R3是氢);乙酰B-乳香酸(3α-乙酰氧基乌苏-12-烯-24-酸)(式I中每个R均是甲基,R2是乙酰基,并且R3是氢);11-氧代-B-乳香酸(3α-羟基乌苏-12-烯-11-氧代-24-酸)(式II中每个R均是甲基,R2是羟基,并且R3是氢);乙酰基11-氧代-B-乳香酸(3α-乙酰氧基乌苏-12-烯-11-氧代-B-乳香酸)(式I中每个R均是甲基,R2是乙酰基,并且R3是氢);3α-羟基乌苏-9,12-二烯-24-酸(式III中每个R均是甲基,R2是羟基,并且R3是氢),和2α,3α二羟基乌尔斯-12-烯-24-酸(式I中每个R均是甲基,R2是羟基,并且R3是羟基)。
乳香属植物提取物可以另外地或替代性地含有一种或多种乳香酸异构体或其衍生物。异构体的例子包括α、β和11-氧代-β乳香酸。衍生物包括酸盐、酸酯,以及乙酰基和其它酯衍生物。
乳香属植物提取物按重量计含有至少约10%,包括约25%到100%,并且还包括约40%到80%的一种或多种乳香酸,一种或多种乳香酸异构体,和/或其一种或多种乳香酸衍生物。
粗脉蕨属植物提取物含有从水龙骨科(Polypodiaceae)族中植物获得的植物提取物。水龙骨科族植物通常包括蕨类植物,尤其是那些在世界上热带地区自然生长的蕨类植物。例如,许多水龙骨科族植物固有生长在拉丁美洲,尤其是在洪都拉斯雨林中的那些,固有生长在南美洲尤其是在巴西雨林,墨西哥中的那些,以及固有生长在加勒比海的岛屿上的那些。粗脉蕨属植物提取物一般从根状茎或根系统,和/或叶中获得。粗脉蕨属植物提取物是一种或多种各种类黄酮、生物碱和/或脂类的混合物。
在水龙骨科族中,粗脉蕨属植物提取物可以从水龙骨属、Chrysopteris属、粗脉蕨亚属中的植物中以及其它密切相关的类蕨类植物中获得。粗脉蕨属植物提取物的具体例子包括来自Polypodiumdecumanum、Phlebodium decumanum、Polypodium multiseriale、Phlebodium multiseriale、Chrysopteris decumnana、Polypodiumleucotomos、Phlebodium leucotomos、Polypodium aureum、Phlebodiumaureum、Polypodium vulgare、Polypodium triseriale、Pteridiwnaquilinum、Cyathea taiwamiana、Polypodium crassifolium、Polypodiumlanceolatum和Polypodium percussum等的提取物。
乳香属植物和/或粗脉蕨属植物提取物可以使用常规的或者其它已知的提取技术获得,其非限定性的例子描述于美国专利6,264,995;5,932,101;5,908,628;5,891,440;5,874,084和5,120,558中,在这里将上述描述引入作为参考。乳香属植物提取物是可从Ayush Herbs,Inc.,Bellevue,Washington,USA商购获得的,其商品名为BoswelyaPlus。粗脉蕨属植物提取物是可从HELSINT S.A.L,Spain商购获得的,其商品名为EXPLY-37。
乳香属植物和/或粗脉蕨属植物提取物,例如,可以通过将植物材料分别地清洗、干燥和研磨成为精细粉末,然后,如果需要,对研磨后的植物材料进行提取来制备。乳香属植物提取物的示例性的制备包括:将来自植物的树脂块粉碎或者将植物部位粉碎并且用极性溶剂提取;通过已知的方法除去不溶性物质;在减压下通过除去有机溶剂来浓缩提取物从而获得糖浆状物质;用碱的水溶液碱化糖浆状物质以获得高于8的pH;用合适的溶剂萃取所述溶液并且用无机酸酸化水层以使pH低于5;分离含有乳香酸的沉淀物;将其用水洗涤直至对石蕊呈中性;干燥所得到的成分;以及任选地通过已知的方法分离出单独的乳香酸。
提取中所使用的合适极性溶剂的非限定性例子包括醇(例如,甲醇、乙醇、丁醇),酮(例如,丙酮),酯(例如,乙酸乙酯)以及它们的组合。用于碱化的碱水溶液可以是氢氧化物例如氢氧化钠、氢氧化钡或氢氧化钾。碱处理后的溶剂一般是氯化物或非极性溶剂例如二氯甲烷、氯仿、己烷、石油醚、苯和它们的混合物等。无机酸一般是盐酸、硫酸、硝酸和磷酸等中的一种或多种。
任选的可以通过过滤或者通过离心分离来进行有效的分离。用于分离单独的酸的示例性方法包括柱色谱法、MPLC、LC、HPLC、快速色谱法和化学技术等。
长链多不饱和脂肪酸
本发明的营养组合物包含ω-3(n-3)长链多不饱和脂肪酸,和任选地包含ω-6(n-6)长链多不饱和脂肪酸例如GLA。这些所选择的脂肪酸被认为能够与同样在这里所描述的乳香属植物提取物和粗脉蕨属植物提取物相互作用或者能够增强所述乳香属植物提取物和粗脉蕨属植物提取物的作用。
长链多不饱和脂肪酸是那些在酰基链上具有18或更多个碳并且在其中还具有2或更多个碳碳双键的脂肪酸。ω-3和ω-6脂肪酸之间的变化取决于最靠近脂肪酸甲基端的双键的位置。ω-3脂肪酸在第三个碳上具有第一个双键,ω-6脂肪酸在第六个碳上具有第一个双键。
用于本发明组合物的所选择的长链多不饱和脂肪酸可以是任何适于指定脂肪酸化合物在体内或体外传递或者存在的形式。所述合适形式的非限定性的例子可以包括游离脂肪酸,脂肪酸酯(例如,与醇例如甲醇酯化的),磷脂,单,二或三酸甘油酯,或者它们的组合。
适于在这里使用的ω-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸的非限定性例子包括二十二碳六烯酸(DHA;22∶6n-3);二十碳五烯酸(EPA;20∶5n-3);十八碳四烯酸(18∶4n-3)α-亚麻酸(18∶3n-3);二十碳四烯酸;和n-3-二十二碳五烯酸。优选ω-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸与GLA的组合物。
在本发明的营养组合物中所述长链多不饱和脂肪酸的量的范围为,每份或每剂,直至约6000mg,包括从约50mg到约500mg,还包括从约100mg到约250mg的ω-3脂肪酸和任选的GLA。所述脂肪酸的相应浓度最一般地是在按营养组合物重量计从约0.1%到约10%,包括从约0.35%到约7%,还包括约0.5%-约5%的范围内。
适合用于营养组合物中的ω-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸的来源的非限定性例子包括亚麻油、卡诺拉油、转基因油和鱼油。鱼油源的非限定性的例子包括咸水或冷淡水鱼,其中的非限定性的例子包括长鳍金枪鱼(albacore),黑鲈(black bass),竹荚鱼(bluefish),鲤鱼(carp),鲱油(menhaden oil),小鳟油(anchovy oil),拟沙丁鱼油(pilchard oil),河鲶(channel catfish),青鱼(herring),鲱型白鲑(lake herring),沙丁鱼(sardines),湖红点鲑(lake trout),鲭鱼(mackerel),鲐鱼(pompano),鲑鱼(salmon),金枪鱼(tuna)和鳕鱼(white fish)。
GLA来源或其它适合用于营养组合物中的ω-6长链多不饱和脂肪酸来源的非限定性例子包括报春花油(一般地8-14%GLA),琉璃苣籽油(一般地17-25%GLA),黑醋栗种子油(14-20%GLA),转基因GLA来源,纯化的GLA(一般地26-99%GLA)和真菌油(例如,Mucorjavanicus)等等。
其它的大量营养物
本发明营养组合物包含的其它大量营养物包括脂肪源、碳水化合物源和蛋白质源,所有上述物质均被加入了或者均另外地提供了先前描述的乳香属植物提取物和粗脉蕨属植物提取物以及长链多不饱和脂肪酸。
与其它基本或附加成分混合的大量营养物可以提供每份或每剂直至约1000kcal,包括从约25kcal到约900kcal,并且包括从约75kcal到约700kcal,还包括从约100kcal到约500kcal,同时包括从约150kcal到约400kcal,以及包括从约200kcal到约300kcal,每份或每剂,优选为单独的、完整的份或剂。
蛋白质、脂类和碳水化合物的众多不同来源和类型都是已知的并且可以用于这里所描述的多种营养产品中,只要所选择的营养物对于口服给药是安全有效的并且与基本的以及其它附加的成分相容。
适合用于所述营养产品中的碳水化合物可以是单一的、复合的或者是它们的变化或组合。合适的碳水化合物的非限定性例子包括水解或改性淀粉或玉米淀粉,麦芽糖糊精,葡萄糖聚合物,蔗糖,玉米糖浆,淀粉糖浆干粉,稻米源碳水化合物,葡萄糖,果糖,乳糖,高果糖,玉米糖浆,不吸收的低聚糖(例如,低聚果糖),蜂蜜,糖醇(例如,麦芽糖醇,赤藓醇,山梨糖醇),及其组合。
适合这里使用的碳水化合物还包括可溶性食用纤维,其非限定性的例子包括阿拉伯树胶,羧甲基纤维素钠,瓜尔豆胶,柑桔果胶,低和高甲氧基果胶,燕麦和大麦葡聚糖,角叉菜胶,车前草及其组合。在这里可溶性食用纤维也适合作为碳水化合物源,其非限定性的例子包括燕麦皮纤维,豌豆皮纤维,大豆皮纤维,大豆子叶纤维,糖用甜菜纤维,纤维素,玉米麸及其组合。
适合用于所述营养产品中的蛋白质包括水解、部分水解或非水解的蛋白质或蛋白质源,并且可以衍生自任何已知的或者其它合适的来源例如乳制品(例如,酪蛋白,乳清),动物(例如,肉,鱼),谷类(例如,稻米,玉米),蔬菜(例如,大豆)或其组合。这里所使用的蛋白质还可以包括已知用于营养产品中的游离氨基酸,或者被所述游离氨基酸完全或部分地取代,其非限定性的例子包括色氨酸,谷氨酰胺,酪氨酸,甲硫氨酸,半胱氨酸,精氨酸及其组合。
适合用于所述营养产品中的脂肪包括椰子油,分馏椰子油,大豆油,玉米油,橄榄油,红花油,高油红花油,MCT油(中链甘油三酯),向日葵油,高油向日葵油,棕榈和棕榈仁油,棕榈油精,卡诺拉油,海油(marine oils),棉籽油及其组合。
本发明的营养组合物中碳水化合物、蛋白质和碳水化合物的浓度可以根据特定的产品形式和各种其它的配制物以及目标饮食的需求而显著地改变。这些大量营养物最一般地是在下表所描述的任意热量范围(实施方案A、B或C)之内被配制。
表1:大量营养物
营养物 | 营养实施方案* | ||
A | B | C | |
总卡路里中碳水化合物的% | 1-98 | 10-75 | 30-50 |
总卡路里中脂类的% | 1-98 | 20-85 | 35-55 |
总卡路里中蛋白质的% | 1-98 | 5-70 | 15-35 |
*每个数值之前都缀有术语“大约”
任选成分
本发明的营养组合物中可以进一步包含其它的任选组分,所述任选组分可以改进产品的物理、化学、美学或加工特性,或者在用于目标人群时充当药物或附加的营养成分。许多这样的任选成分是已知的,或者其它适合用于医疗食品或其它营养产品或药物剂型并且也可以用于这里的组合物,只要这样的任选成分对于口服给药是安全的并且与所选择产品形式中的基本成分和其它成分相容。
这样的任选成分的非限定性例子包括防腐剂、抗氧化剂、乳化剂、缓冲剂、附加的药用活性物,在这里所描述的附加营养物,甜味剂包括人造甜味剂(例如,糖精,天冬酰苯丙氨酸甲酯,乙酰磺胺酸钾,三氯半乳蔗糖),着色剂,调味剂,增稠剂及稳定剂,乳化剂和润滑剂等等。
本发明的营养组合物可以进一步包含任意的各种其它维生素或相关营养物,其非限定性的例子包括维生素A,维生素D,维生素E,维生素K,硫胺,核黄素,吡哆醇,维生素B12,类胡萝卜素(例如,β-胡萝卜素,玉米黄质,叶黄素,番茄红素),烟酸,叶酸,泛酸,维生素H,维生素C,胆碱,肌醇,它们的盐和衍生物,以及它们的组合。
营养组合物可以进一步包含任意的各种其它附加矿物,其非限定性例子包括钙,磷,镁,铁,锌,锰,铜,钠,钾,钼,铬,氯化物,以及它们的组合。
使用方法
本发明的方法包含将本发明的营养组合物口服给药给患有或者可能发展为关节炎或其它风湿性疾病或病症的个体,以改善与所述疾病或病症有关的症状。
本发明的方法可以应用于目前可能患有或者可能还没患有关节炎或者其它风湿性或其它类似的炎性疾病或病症的个体。由于本发明的营养组合物不具有所述疾病或病症现行治疗方法的不利副作用,因此其它健康的个体也可以服用该组合物而具有很小的或者没有有害的副作用。我们相信在发展为所述疾病或病症之前,尤其是当所述个体处于特别的风险中时,对这样的个体进行给药可以延缓疾病或病症的发作,并且可能使其强度和最终进展最小化。
本发明的方法是用于改善关节炎或者其它风湿性疾病或病症的症状的。在本文中,术语“改善”被用于定义本发明的方法以包括治疗,控制,预防,和/或减少所识别的症状、病症或疾病的发生、强度或复发,所述症状、病症或疾病与关节炎或其它风湿性疾病或障碍有关。
因此,本发明的方法可以通过给药以这里所描述的营养组合物来改善关节炎或其它风湿性疾病,所述改善可能包括减少在个体的受影响的关节(关节们)中促炎细胞因子的浓度。改善风湿性疾病包括,但不限于,延迟关节炎或其它风湿性症状的发作,延迟或预防关节炎或其它风湿性疾病的进展,和/或减轻关节炎或其它风湿性疾病症状的强度。因此本发明包括治疗或预防关节炎或其它风湿性疾病的方法,或者包括延迟这样的疾病或病症发作的方法。
与营养组合物给药有关的相关方法和/或用途的例子包括解除或减轻与关节炎或其它风湿性疾病有关的疼痛,减少肿胀和/或敏感关节的数目,增加关节的灵活性/柔韧性,减少关节炎或其它风湿性疾病发展的速度,以及解除或减轻与这样的疾病或病症有关的疲劳中的一种或多种。
本发明的方法还包括减少炎症的方法,其包括向需要减少炎症或在未来(预防性保养)可能需要减少炎症的个体口服给药以有效量的营养组合物。每个个体的有效量取决于多种因素,所述因素包括症状的强度,并且取决于个体对营养组合物的响应性。那些本领域的普通技术人员能够很容易地确定最优的剂量、配药方法和重复速度。
本发明方法可治疗疾病或病症的具体的非限定性例子包括炎性关节炎,类风湿性关节炎,痛风,牛皮癣性关节炎,反应性关节炎,病毒性或后病毒性关节炎,椎关节炎,风湿,及其组合。风湿包括网球肘,冻肩,腕管综合症,脚底筋膜炎和跟腱炎等中的一种或多种。关节炎和风湿的症状包括炎症,肿胀,活动范围的限制,僵硬,疼痛和溃疡中的一种或多种。
这里使用的术语“风湿性疾病”包括通过本发明营养组合物的口服给药而得到治疗的关节炎或者其它风湿性疾病或病症,或者它们的症状。
本发明的方法包括通过给药以本发明的营养组合物,以及进一步地给予个体有效量的风湿性疾病药物学治疗,例如THF-α抑制剂,来治疗风湿性疾病。类似地,本发明可以包括通过给药以营养组合物以及给予个体减少量的风湿性疾病药物学治疗来治疗风湿性疾病,所述减少的量是相对于不给药以营养组合物时个体所需的较大量的药物学治疗而言的。在一些情况下,尤其是当风湿性疾病的药物学治疗是昂贵的、是具有不需要/不期望的副作用的、或者仅是难以获得的时候,给予减少量(减少的剂量)的风湿性疾病药物学治疗是有利的。
风湿性疾病药物学治疗的非限定性的例子描述于美国专利6,740,647;6,207,642和6,171,787中,在这里将其所描述的内容引入作为参考。
本发明的方法最一般地包括每日给药以本发明的营养组合物。每日给药可以以单一的或者分开的剂量或份来完成。治疗优选维持一个延长的周期,最一般地为至少约1个月,包括至少3个月,还包括超过约6-12个月的周期。
本发明的方法最一般地用于人,但是也包括用于其它哺乳动物例如猫、狗、马和牛等等。
制造
本发明的营养组合物可以通过任何已知的或其它用来制备所选择产品形式的有效制造技术而制备。用于任意给定产品形式的工艺都是已知的,所述产品形式例如营养液体、营养固体或条、或者药物剂型(例如,片剂、胶囊,锭剂等),并且本领域普通技术人员可以很容易地将其应用到这里所描述的营养产品上。
本发明的液体实施方案,例如,可以通过首先形成含有全部配制油,和任意的乳化剂、纤维或脂溶性维生素的油混合物来制备,所述配制油包括长链多不饱和脂肪。然后通过将碳水化合物与任意的矿物共同混合,接着将蛋白质与单独的含水碱中的水混合来分别制备碳水化合物的混合物和单独的蛋白质的混合物。然后将碳水化合物混合物和蛋白质混合物与油混合物一起混合。所产生的混合物可以是均匀的,热加工过的,用任意水溶性维生素标定的,调过味的以及液体定期杀菌的或者是为制成粉末而无菌填充或干燥过的。可以将乳香属植物提取物和粗脉蕨属植物提取物在加工过程的任何时候加入到任意的以上提到的混合物中,虽然通常希望选择提取物最可溶的混合物,并且还希望选择在加工过程期间能使提取物的热加工减少或最小的时候。
其它产品形式例如营养条也可以例如使用已知的并在条制造领域常描述的冷挤压技术来制造。为了制备这样的组合物,一般将所有的粉末组分一起干燥混合,所述组分一般包括任意的蛋白质、维生素预混物和某些碳水化合物等等。然后将脂溶性组分,包括长链多不饱和脂肪酸,混合在一起并且与任意的粉末预混物混合。乳香属植物提取物和粗脉蕨属植物提取物可以在配制和加工过程中的任意点加入,虽然选择在加工过程中能导致提取物的热加工减少或最小的时候通常是合意的。最后,将任意的液体组分混入组合物中,形成塑料样的组合物或膏团。接着可以通过冷成型或挤出将所产生的塑料物质成型而没有发生进一步的物理或化学变化,其中使所述塑料物质在相对较低的压力下通过与所期望形状一致的模具来进行冲模。然后在适当的位置切断产生的挤出物以赋予产品所要求的重量。如果需要,接着对固体产品进行涂敷以提高其适口性,并且进行包装以用于销售。
本发明的固体营养实施方案也可以通过烘焙施用或热挤出以产生固体产品形式例如谷类食品、饼干、脆点心以及其它类似的产品形式而制造。一名有营养物制造领域知识的技术人员能够选择一种或多种已知的或者其它可使用的制造方法来生产所期望的最终产品。
当制备固体口服给药的营养组合物例如胶囊或片剂时,可以将成分与药物载体(例如,常规的片剂成分例如纤维素、玉米淀粉、乳糖、蔗糖、山梨糖醇、滑石、硬脂酸、硬脂酸镁、磷酸二钙或树胶)及其它药物稀释剂混合以形成固体预配制组合物,所述预配制组合物含有营养组合物的基本上均匀的混合物。当作为软凝胶胶囊或片剂给药时,优选用水吞服。
用于口服给药的液体制品可以采用例如溶液,糖浆或悬浮液的形式,或者它们可以呈现为干燥的产品,在使用前用水或其它合适的介质重现为液体。这样的液体制品可以通过常规的方法用药学可接受的添加剂例如悬浮剂(例如,山梨糖醇糖浆,甲基纤维素或氢化食用脂肪);乳化剂(例如卵磷脂或阿拉伯树胶);非水介质(例如,杏仁油,油酯或乙醇);防腐剂(例如,对羟基苯甲酸或山梨酸的甲酯或丙酯);以及人造或天然的着色剂和/或甜味剂来制备。
当本发明的营养组合物是粉末形式时,可以将各种干燥的、粉末成分一起混合直至获得相对均匀的混合物。粉末通常通过与液体例如水或果汁混合,然后饮用所产生的悬浮液而进行给药。在液体形式中,将粉末与适当的液体载体例如水混合,并且将所产生的悬浮液包装在适当的容器中。在片剂形式中,将各成分混合在一起然后根据本领域已知的方法制备片剂。这样的方法包括湿法造粒方法、干法造粒方法或者直接挤压。
本发明的营养组合物被配制为或者被用作唯一的营养来源,部分的营养来源,或者作为营养增补剂。本发明的唯一营养来源的实施方案一般地以足够维持个体健康(达到预防营养不良的程度)的量包含脂肪、蛋白质、碳水化合物、维生素和矿物质。这样的量是本领域技术人员已知的并且在制备所述配制物时能够被很容易地计算出来。例如,能够从Ross Products Division of Abbott Laboratories获得的营养组合物例如Oxepa、Ensure、Promote和ProSure和描述于美国专利6,200,624;6,077,828;6,066,344;5,908,647;5,554,589;5,416,077;5,223,285;5,221,545中的组合物可以与这里所描述的乳香属植物提取物和/或粗脉蕨属植物提取物相结合,因此将上述专利引入用以参考它们对营养组合物(以及制造和使用所述营养组合物)的教导。
这里所使用的术语“Oxepa”是指可从Ross Products Division,Abbott Laboratories,Columbus,Ohio,USA商购获得的肠营养方剂。该方剂是为机械通气危重病人的饲料管理设计的低碳水化合物,热量密集的肠营养产品。它含有二十碳五烯酸(EPA)(来自沙丁鱼油),γ-亚麻酸(GLA)(来自琉璃苣籽油)和抗氧化剂。OXEPA可以被用作管道饲喂的唯一营养来源。
这里所描述的Oxepa肠方剂具有如下的热量分布:
每8液体盎司 | 每升 | %卡路里 | |
卡路里 | 355 | 1500 | |
蛋白质,g | 14.8 | 62.5 | 16.7 |
脂肪,g | 22.2 | 93.7 | 55.2 |
碳水化合物,g | 25.0 | 105.5 | 28.1 |
GLA | 1.02 | 4.29 | |
EPA | 1.08 | 4.55 |
Oxepa方剂包含水,酪蛋白酸钠和钙,糖(蔗糖),麦芽糖糊精(玉米),卡诺拉油,中链三酸甘油酯(分馏的椰子油),精炼的脱臭沙丁鱼油,琉璃苣籽油,柠檬酸钾,氯化镁,磷酸钙,大豆卵磷脂,柠檬酸钠,磷酸氢二钾,抗坏血酸,天然和人工香料,氯化胆碱,牛黄酸,d-α-醋酸生育酚,L-肉碱,盐(氯化钠),硫酸锌,硫酸亚铁,烟酰胺,角叉菜胶,泛酸钙,硫酸锰,硫酸铜,盐酸氯化硫胺,盐酸吡哆醇,核黄素,β-胡萝卜素,维生素A棕榈酸酯,叶酸,维生素H,氯化铬,钼酸钠,碘化钾,硒酸钠,叶绿醌,氰钴维生素和维生素D3。
实施例
以下实施例举例说明了本发明。除非在以下实施例和说明书的其它地方和权利要求中另外指明,所有的份数和百分数都是按重量计的,所有的温度都是摄氏度,并且压力是处于或接近大气压的。
实验例1
试验是在小鼠类风湿性关节炎的模型(胶原诱发的关节炎或CIA)下进行的,其与人类疾病共有某些相似性。试验在CIA的强度和炎症介质的浓度方面评价了植物提取物和Oxepa的效果。
从Harlan(巴塞罗那,西班牙)购买七周鼠龄的DBA/1J(H-2q)雄性小鼠(n=105)并且关入可以自由进食和进水的塑料笼子中(每个5只动物)。经过4天的适应期后,将小鼠根据体重进行配对并且分成以下的组:
1)对照:如后面所解释的免疫小鼠并且用AIN-93G饲料饲喂(n=15)。
2)类皮质激素治疗组:用对照饲料饲喂并且每日用腹膜内注射的氢化泼尼松(5mg/kg体重)进行处理的免疫小鼠(n=15)。
3)乳香属植物提取物组:用添加了0.5%Boswellia serrata提取物(23.47%的β-乳香酸)的对照饲料饲喂的免疫小鼠(n=15)。
4)姜黄组:用添加了0.5%Curcuma longa提取物(96.12%的类姜黄素(Curcuminoids))的对照饲料饲喂的免疫小鼠(n=15)。
5)Crataeva组:用添加了0.5%Crataeva nurvala提取物(80%的羽扇豆醇)的对照饲料饲喂的免疫小鼠(n=15)。
6)多酚混合物组:用添加了0.9%的绿茶、葡萄皮和白藜芦醇提取物混合物(2∶3∶1)的对照饲料饲喂的免疫小鼠(n=15)。
7)Oxepa组:用Oxepa饲喂的免疫小鼠(n=15)。在动物免疫后接着进行在其尾的根部皮下注射100μl牛胶原II乳化液(完全弗氏佐剂中的II型胶原)的步骤。胶原由Chondrex(MDbiosciences,瑞士)提供并且根据下述方法制备乳化液:将胶原溶于0.05M乙酸(2mg/ml)中并在4℃的恒温下过夜,仅仅温和地搅拌并且用弗氏佐剂(1∶1)进行乳化。一滴一滴地加入弗氏佐剂同时在高速匀浆机(TP型匀浆器)中以27,000rpm混合。仅需要进行一次免疫。
每日对小鼠进行炎症临床症状的评价,并且测量它们的重量。基于标定尺度对临床关节炎的强度进行分级。将小鼠在关节炎发作10天后处死。
在轻微麻醉状态下从眼眶采取血样并且立刻通过断颈处死动物。切断前和后肢并且冷冻于-80℃下。使血样在室温下静置(cloth)1小时并且通过6,500g离心10min的离心作用从血细胞中分离出血清。
在关节组织匀浆中测定以下参数:对抗II型胶原(IgG2a)的抗体;促炎细胞因子:IL-1β和IL-6;反向调节细胞因子:IL-10;以及Matrix金属蛋白酶:MMP-9。也对血清中的对抗II型胶原(IgG2a)的抗体进行测量。
通过ELISA确定小鼠关节和血清中具体的抗CII-IgG2a。简单来说,将96孔微孔板用CII涂布并在4℃下过夜,用0.05%的Tween-PBS洗涤,室温下用1%的牛血清白蛋白-PBS密封2h,然后再次洗涤。在测定前将样品用PBS稀释:血清为1∶16000而匀质化的关节为1∶50。将从0到500ng/ml的五十(50)μl标准液(II型胶原Ab-2,克隆2B 1.5,NeoMarkers)和样品加入到每个孔中,一式两份,并且在37℃下温育2h。大面积地清洗孔,加入维生素H-配对大鼠抗小鼠IgG2a单克隆抗体(Pharmigen International),并且在室温下温育1h。温育后,洗涤未释放的抗体,加入抗生物素蛋白过氧化酶,在室温下温育30min。再次洗涤板,加入培养基溶液(ABTS),黑暗中温育12分钟。最后在微板读数器中在405nm下测定吸光率。
通过ELISA在供应商的指导下使用来自BIOTRAK(AmershamPharmacia Biotech)的商业工具并且使用没有更进一步稀释的关节组织匀浆来测量匀质化关节中的细胞因子和MMP-9。
为了统计分析,除去偏离平均值超过三倍标准差的溢出值。通过Levene检验法分析方差的同质性。因为各组中差异相等的假设是不成立的,所以通过不成对的t-检验进行与对照组的比较,所述不成对的t-检验具有Welch修正和在适当的时候通过Bonferroni程序和Kruskal-Wallis检验而得到补偿的p值。通过卡方(Chi-squared)分析将关节炎指数分类定级。
关节炎发病的时间段以及关节炎发作的平均天数显示于图1中。在对照组、乳香属植物提取物组和多酚组中发病率是100%,在Oxepa组和姜黄组中发病率是95%。用氢化泼尼松处理的小鼠没有产生关节炎。在乳香属植物提取物组和Oxepa组中关节炎的发作被明显地延迟,而在多酚组中仅发现一个趋势(p=0.111)。
关节炎的强度—关节炎指数和相对强度—显示于图2中。接受了添加提取物饲料的组和对照组之间没有发现明显的差异(方差分析p=0.2651)。然而,当关节炎指数(图2)被分成0,1-2,3-5和>5的类别时,对照组与乳香属植物提取物组、姜黄组和鱼木组之间存在明显的差异。乳香属植物提取物组比对照组具有更多关节炎指数为1-2的动物,而姜黄组和鱼木组具有更多最高关节炎指数的动物。
血清和关节组织匀浆中对抗II型胶原(IgG2a)的抗体的浓度显示于图3中。除了在氢化泼尼松组和乳香属植物提取物组中外,在所有组中均发现了比较大的差异性。氢化泼尼松组和乳香属植物提取物组的血清和关节组织匀浆二者中的IgG2a水平都明显地低于对照组。此外,在Crataeva组中,关节匀浆中对抗II型胶原(IgG2a)的抗体的含量低于对照组。
所研究组的关节组织匀浆中IL-1β,IL-10和MMP-9的浓度显示图4中。用皮质激素处理的小鼠组的炎症介质(IL-1β,IL-6)和MMP-9的含量低于对照组。用鱼木和多酚添加饲料饲喂的组倾向于比对照组在关节组织匀浆中具有更高的IL-6浓度。多酚提取物组和Oxepa组的IL-10含量低于对照组。
结论
●在用添加了0.5%Boswellia serrata提取物,0.5%Crataevanurvala提取物,0.5%Curcuma longa提取物,或0.9%的绿茶、葡萄皮和白藜芦醇(2∶3∶1)多酚混合物饲料饲喂的小鼠中没有观察到副作用。在用Oxepa饲喂的小鼠中没有观察到副作用。
●用Crataeva nurvala提取物和Curcuma longa提取物进行的饲料添加对小鼠中胶原诱发的关节炎没有显示出任何效果。
●用0.5%Boswellia serrata进行的饲料添加对小鼠中胶原诱发的关节炎的发展具有有益效果,其比对照动物显示出较小强度的疾病类型。向饲料中加入该提取物:1)明显地延迟了关节炎发作的天数,2)在关节组织匀浆和血清二者中均降低了IgG2a的含量,3)在关节组织匀浆中降低了促炎细胞因子IL-1β的浓度,和4)减少了具有高关节炎指数分值的动物数量。
●用Oxepa饲喂没有减少炎症的临床症状或者炎性介质。但是,其延迟了关节炎发作的时间。
实验例2
第二个试验是用来测试CIA小鼠中的Phlebodium decumanum提取物的。根据实验例1的模型对小鼠进行处理。研究以下两组:
1)对照:用AIN-93G饲料饲喂的免疫小鼠(n=15)。
2)粗脉蕨属植物提取物组:用添加了0.5%Phlebodium
decumanum提取物的对照饲料饲喂的免疫小鼠(n=15)。
从全部动物中获得临床数据,而生化数据仅来自每组中的5个动物。临床参数包括:发病率、关节炎发作的天数、关节炎指数和相对强度。血清中的生化参数包括:对抗II型胶原(IgG2a)的抗体。关节中的生化参数包括:II型胶原(IgG2a)的抗体、IL-1β、IL-6和IL-10。
关节炎发病的时间段以及关节炎发作的平均天数显示于图5中。对照组和粗脉蕨属植物提取物组的发病率相同(100%),不过后者中关节炎的发作明显地延迟了。在关节炎的总强度(关节炎指数)或相对强度方面没有明显的差异。但是,由于具有高分值的动物的比例比较低,使得粗脉蕨属植物提取物组的平均关节炎指数较低(图6)。
表2显示了血清和关节组织匀浆中II型胶原抗体的浓度。其还显示了关节组织匀浆中炎性介质(IL-1β、IL-6和IL-10)的浓度。II型胶原(IgG2a)抗体、IL-1β、IL-6的水平在先前实验的范围内,而IL-10的水平低于先前所报告的水平。在对照组和粗脉蕨属植物提取物组(即,在饲喂的II型胶原免疫小鼠中,那些用对照饲料或添加了粗脉蕨属植物提取物的相同饲料饲喂的小鼠)之间没有发现明显的差异。
表2:实验例2的数据
成分 | 对照1 | 粗脉蕨属植物提取物1 |
IgG2a(血清,μg g/ml) | 393.1±260.3 | 444.4±181.5 |
IgG2a(关节,ng/mg蛋白质) | 1082.5±1376.0 | 1234.5±984.2 |
IL-1β(关节,pg/mg蛋白质) | 44.1±14.7 | 57.2±30.6 |
IL-6(关节,pg/mg蛋白质) | 226.5±95.4 | 304.8±100.4 |
IL-10(关节,pg/mg蛋白质) | 337.1±83.32 | 347.8±70.68 |
1数据表示为平均值±SD。
总之,在用添加了0.5%Phlebodium decumanum提取物的饲料饲喂的小鼠中没有观察到副作用。向饲料中加入Phlebodium decumanum提取物明显延迟了关节炎发作的天数,但没有影响疾病的强度。该效果不能由所测定的炎性参数水平的任何变化进行解释。
实验例3
重复实验例1并且对试验动物的与各对照组或处理组有关的多种组织变化进行评价。该实验的目的是在如上所述的相同试验模型中显示Boswellia serrata提取物和Phlebodium decumanum提取物和Oxepa对软骨和骨的组织结构的影响。
再一次完成了以上所描述的模型之后,在关节炎发作后10天在轻微麻醉下通过断颈将小鼠处死。切断前和后肢并且去除皮肤。接着将每一个都浸入到4%缓冲甲醛中2-3天。然后,每个都用脱钙溶液(decalcificant solution)处理2小时,再次处理60-90分钟。用浓度逐渐增加的醇溶液对样品进行脱水,嵌入石蜡中,切成4μm的薄片并且用苏木紫(hematoxilin)和曙红(H&E)染色。
此后研究以下关节:前肢中的肘、radio-cubito-拇指(腕),拇指-掌指和掌指-趾,以及后肢中的膝盖、胫(tibio)-跗(tarso)(踝)、跗-跖(metatarso)、跖-趾。认为关节炎关节一般的变化是,例如滑液炎症,关节翳形成、软骨损伤和骨组织破坏,并且根据标定尺度其得分为从0到3。每个参数的标准按如下定义:
滑液炎症:0=没有:正常滑液的关节周围组织;1=轻微:在关节周围组织中炎性细胞浸润;2=中度:细胞浸润和中度浮肿;3=严重:明显的细胞浸润和浮肿。
关节翳形成:在滑膜-软骨的连接处无(0),轻微(1),中度(2)或者严重(3)的滑液组织增殖。
软骨损伤:0=无:正常的软骨;1=轻微:损伤了区域I(外部)并具有轻微的软骨细胞流失和/或胶原分裂;2=中度:损伤了区域II(内部)具有中度的软骨细胞流失和/或胶原分裂;3=严重:损伤了所有区域并具有多重软骨细胞流失和/或胶原分裂。
软骨下的骨组织破坏:0=无:正常的骨骼;1=轻微:一些区域的皮层退化,少量的破骨细胞;2=中度:具有中度锁髓(medular)损伤的清晰的骨退化,较多的破骨细胞;3=严重:强烈的皮层和锁髓骨组织破坏,大量的破骨细胞。
将所有关节的得分相加以获得每个组织参数和动物的总得分。在样品的评价期间不清楚所研究组的组织病理学情况。
统计分析
通过Bartelett检验测试方差同质性。如果满足方差同质性,则通过单向方差分析对数据进行分析。如果方差不同质的,则使用非参数程序。通过Graph Pad Prism Software version 4进行分析。
结果
在免疫步骤中两只小鼠死亡,一只来自类皮质激素组,一只来自Oxepa组。因此,评价了28只动物。用氢化泼尼松处理的小鼠没有发展为关节炎,而随着时间的推移对照组、多酚组和粗脉蕨属植物提取物组中关节炎的发病率为100%。乳香属植物提取物组中的一只小鼠和Oxepa组中的一只没有发展为疾病。
关节炎指数、关节炎发作以及炎症、关节翳形成、软骨损伤和骨组织破坏总分值的数据显示于表3中。每个得分的平均值以及炎症形态指数显示于图7中,所述炎症形态指数是通过将4个组织参数的得分相加而获得的。
如下所示,表3表明了涉及用对照饲料,用添加了Boswellia serrata0.5%,绿茶、葡萄皮和白藜芦醇(2∶3∶1)的多酚混合物0.9%,Phlebodium decumanum 0.5%和Oxepa的相同饲料饲喂的II型胶原免疫小鼠中关节炎指数、关节炎发作天数和组织得分的数据。类皮质激素组是用对照饲料饲喂并且每日用氢化泼尼松腹腔处理的免疫小鼠。来自所研究动物的组织切片图示于图8-13中。
表3:实验例3的数据
组 | 小鼠编号 | 关节炎指数 | 关节炎发作(天数) | 炎症得分 | 关节翳得分 | 软骨得分 | 骨骼得分 |
对照 | 1 | 8 | 28 | 30 | 2 | 25 | 25 |
2 | 3 | 17 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 1 | |
3 | 7 | 20 | 18 | 2 | 17 | 13 | |
4 | 1 | 33 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | |
5 | 7 | 22 | 27 | 12 | 21 | 12 | |
类皮质激素 | 1 | 0 | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2* | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
3 | 0 | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
4 | 0 | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
5 | 0 | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
乳香属植物提取物 | 1 | 2 | 37 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
2 | 2 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
4 | 12 | 30 | 36 | 2 | 27 | 23 | |
5 | 4 | 18 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 3 | |
多酚 | 1 | 5 | 31 | 27 | 1 | 21 | 12 |
2 | 5 | 34 | 15 | 8 | 14 | 12 | |
3 | 7 | 18 | 25 | 4 | 17 | 9 | |
4 | 8 | 17 | 23 | 4 | 22 | 12 | |
5 | 1 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
粗脉蕨属植物提取物 | 1 | 3 | 17 | 12 | 2 | 10 | 8 |
2 | 4 | 33 | 16 | 5 | 17 | 10 | |
3 | 7 | 40 | 26 | 3 | 19 | 8 | |
4 | 1 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
5 | 4 | 31 | 15 | 0 | 13 | 7 | |
Oxepa | 1* | - | - | - | - | - | - |
2 | 0 | - | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
3 | 1 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
4 | 5 | 45 | 21 | 2 | 16 | 12 | |
5 | 6 | 13 | 29 | 4 | 24 | 17 |
*在免疫步骤中死亡的小鼠。
虽然各组中关节炎发作的天数近似,但是疾病的发展在某种程度上被延迟了,尤其是在Oxepa组中,类似于本文所描述的先前实验的结果。由于每组中高的差异性和低的个体数量,因而没有发现明显的差异。在乳香属植物提取物组中,动物编号4显示了与该组中其它动物不同的行为,其成为该组中高差异性的来源并且使得该组不能检测出相对于对照组的明显的差异。然而,平均起来,乳香属植物提取物组的得分较低,接着是Oxepa组和粗脉蕨属植物提取物组。
乳香属植物提取物和Oxepa在抑制关节翳的发展中更加有效。实际上,向饲料中加入乳香属植物提取物对该组中关节翳的形成几乎产生了完全的抑制,即使所述动物的关节炎指数较高(关节炎指数12,关节翳形成2)。
结论
高组内差异性和小的样本规模使得在实验例3中不能检测到明显的组间差异。但是,分别考虑每个组织参数或者每个动物得分的总和,根据组织损伤程度的组排序为乳香属植物<Oxepa<Phlebodium<对照<多酚。这些结果与我们先前的报告一致,其显示了Oxepa和添加了0.5%Boswellia serrata或Phlebodium decumanum的粉末啮齿动物饲料在小鼠胶原诱发关节炎中的类风湿性关节炎发展方面的有益效果。
虽然本发明已经对涉及到的具体实施方案进行了解释,但应当理解在阅读了本说明书之后,它的各种改进对于本领域技术人员来说都是显而易见的。因此,应当理解这里所公开的发明意图覆盖这样的改进,使其也落入所附权利要求的范围之内。
Claims (20)
1.一种用于治疗风湿性疾病的营养组合物,其包含:
(A)脂肪源,所述脂肪源包含至少一种:
(i)至少一种ω-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸和
(ii)至少一种ω-6长链多不饱和脂肪酸;
(B)碳水化合物源;
(C)蛋白质源;和
(D)按重量计约0.1%到约5%的乳香属植物提取物和粗脉蕨属植物提取物中的至少一种。
2.如权利要求1所述的营养组合物,其包含按重量计约0.1%到约5%的乳香属植物提取物和粗脉蕨属植物提取物。
3.如权利要求1所述的营养组合物,其中粗脉蕨属植物提取物包含Phlebodium decumanum提取物。
4.如权利要求1所述的营养组合物,其中乳香属植物提取物包含Boswellia serrata提取物。
5.如权利要求1所述的营养组合物,其包含按重量计约0.2%到约3%的乳香属植物提取物和粗脉蕨属植物提取物中的至少一种。
6.一种条或粉末形式的如权利要求1所述的营养组合物。
7.一种液体形式的如权利要求1所述的营养组合物。
8.如权利要求1所述的营养组合物,其中所述脂肪源包含二十碳五烯酸、十八碳四烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸和α-亚麻酸中的至少一种。
9.如权利要求1所述的营养组合物,其中所述脂肪源包含γ-亚麻酸。
10.如权利要求1所述的营养组合物,其包含乳香属植物提取物,所述乳香属植物提取物包含按重量计至少25%的一种或多种乳香酸。
11.如权利要求1所述的营养组合物,其中乳香属植物提取物和粗脉蕨属植物提取物中的至少一种包含橄榄科族木本植物和水龙骨科族蕨类植物中的至少一种。
12.一种治疗风湿性疾病的方法,其包括向个体给药以有效量的下述组合物,所述组合物包含脂肪源、碳水化合物源、蛋白质源以及按重量计约0.1%到约5%的乳香属植物提取物和粗脉蕨属植物提取物中的至少一种,所述脂肪源包含至少一种ω-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸或至少一种ω-6长链多不饱和脂肪酸。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中治疗风湿性疾病包括在个体的关节组织匀浆中减小促炎细胞因子的浓度。
14.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述风湿性疾病包含选自炎性关节炎、类风湿性关节炎、痛风、牛皮癣性关节炎、反应性关节炎、病毒性或后病毒性关节炎、椎关节炎、骨关节炎和风湿病的至少一种。
15.如权利要求12所述的方法,其进一步包含向个体给药以有效量的TNF-α抑制剂。
16.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中治疗风湿性疾病包括延迟关节炎症状的发作。
17.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述组合物包含按重量计约0.1%到约5%的乳香属植物提取物和粗脉蕨属植物提取物。
18.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述粗脉蕨属植物提取物包含Phlebodium decumanum提取物。
19.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述乳香属植物提取物包含Boswellia serrata提取物。
20.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中将所述组合物通过口服给药给个体。
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US9101599B2 (en) | 2008-09-15 | 2015-08-11 | Laila Nutraceuticals | Synergistic anti-inflammatory compositions comprising Boswellia serrata extracts |
US20100150865A1 (en) * | 2008-12-11 | 2010-06-17 | Deepa Chitre | Novel formulations to inhibit cyclooxygenase and pro-inflammatory cytokine mediated diseases |
US20100272875A1 (en) * | 2009-04-24 | 2010-10-28 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Omega-3 enriched cereal, granola, and snack bars |
US8828377B2 (en) * | 2010-03-15 | 2014-09-09 | Laila Nutraceuticals | Boswellia oil, its fractions and compositions for enhancing brain function |
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US20170266130A1 (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2017-09-21 | Script Essentials, Llc | Compositions, methods for making the compositions, and methods for treating joint disease |
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EP3838283A1 (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2021-06-23 | Mundus Sanus GmbH & Co. KG | Composition for use in the treatment of provocative diseases |
US11364255B2 (en) * | 2020-07-01 | 2022-06-21 | Karallief, Inc. | Therapeutic herbal compositions for improving joint health |
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