CN101124733A - 无线电通信系统中的非同时频率分集 - Google Patents

无线电通信系统中的非同时频率分集 Download PDF

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CN101124733A
CN101124733A CNA2005800315246A CN200580031524A CN101124733A CN 101124733 A CN101124733 A CN 101124733A CN A2005800315246 A CNA2005800315246 A CN A2005800315246A CN 200580031524 A CN200580031524 A CN 200580031524A CN 101124733 A CN101124733 A CN 101124733A
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迈克尔·利伯曼
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PureWave Networks Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0044—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path allocation of payload
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/12—Frequency diversity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0003—Two-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0005—Time-frequency
    • H04L5/0007—Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A), DMT

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Abstract

一种使用非同时频率分集的无线电装置，包括天线(502)，连接到天线(502)从而该射频模块(504)可操作来使用天线发射(556)和接收(554)射频信号的射频模块(504)，和连接到射频模块的基带模块(506)。该基带模块可操作来通过射频模块发送或接收信号，使得通过该无线电装置发送或接收的信号采用非同时频率分集。一种使用非同时频率分集发送信息的方法，包括识别要发送的信息，在第一信道上发送所识别的信息以及在预定时间量之后，在第二信道上发送所识别的信息。一种接收使用非同时频率分集发送的信息的方法，包括接收在第一信道上发送的第一信号，在预定时间量之后，接收在第二频率上发送的第二信号以及基于第一信号和第二信号识别所发送的信息。

Description

无线电通信系统中的非同时频率分集
相关申请交叉引用
本申请涉及这里一同代授权的名为“MULTI-CONNECTION，NON-SIMULTANEOUS FREQUENCY DIVERSITY IN RADIOCOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS”的美国专利申请，其全部内容通过引用并入这里。
技术领域
本公开涉及一种无线电通信系统，尤其涉及使用分集技术来提高无线电通信的性能。
背景技术
在诸如例如移动电话系统和无线网络一样的无线电通信系统中，信号通过受到各种因素影响的通信信道传播，该因素包括：大气、人造建筑、地形、动物群和无线电干扰。当信号遇到人造和自然障碍物时，它们可能被反射、折射和/或衍射，导致幅度、相位和频率的改变。大致地说，信号可能通过多条路径到达接收机，沿着每条路径经受不同的失真。在相位和幅度不同的情况下，多径信号可能相互干扰，进一步降低了信号质量。由于多径干扰或与人造和自然障碍物作用而导致的信号衰减称为衰落。当信号功率下降得低到无法通信时，发生深度衰落。
因为传播信道是一直变化的，所以衰落是与时间相关的。因为反射、折射和衍射效应是与频率相关的，因此衰落也是与频率相关的。衰落问题的一个解决方案是使用分集技术-发送重复信息从而减少衰落中断信号接收的概率。
有时使用频率分集来减少深度衰落的可能性。利用衰落与频率相关的性质，在不同的频率上发送重复信息。只要不是频率分量二者都处于深度衰落，就可以进行通信。
也使用时间分集来减少深度衰落的可能性。通过在后一时间发送重复信息，该信息更有可能被接收到，这是因为信道衰落有可能不一致。为了最大化时间分集的效率，应当在足够的延迟之后发送重复信息，从而通信信道的衰落特性有足够时间改变。
其他的分集技术包括路径分集和极化分集。通过采用一种或多种分集技术，现代无线电通信系统可以大大减轻衰落。
发明内容
在一个总的方面，一种使用非同时频率分集的无线电装置包括：天线，连接到天线从而该射频模块可操作来使用天线发射和接收射频信号的射频模块，和连接到射频模块的基带模块。该基带模块可操作来通过射频模块发送或接收信号。通过该无线电装置发送或接收的信号采用非同时频率分集。在某些实现中，无线电收发装置包括附加的天线。
射频模块可以包括：可操作来生成信号的本地振荡器，中频接收机，中频发射机，连接到中频接收机和本地振荡器的接收混合器，和连接到中频发射机和本地振荡器的发射混合器。混合器使用本地振荡信号在中频和发射频率之间转换信号。该无线电装置可操作来通过使用本地振荡器在第一频率上发送数据以及通过使用本地振荡器在第二频率上发送数据，来利用非同时频率分集发送数据。该无线电装置可以使用单个接收路径实现非同时频率分集。实现可以使用包括正交频分复用(OFDM)的多种调制技术。此外，可以使用第二本地振荡器，使得该无线电装置可操作来通过使用本地振荡器在第一频率上发送数据以及通过使用第二本地振荡器在第二频率上发送数据，从而利用非同时频率分集发送数据。
在一些实现中，该无线电装置被配置成在第一传输信道上发送信号以及在第二传输信道上发送信号，使得在第一传输信道上和第二传输信道上发送信息来提供非同时频率分集。第一传输信道和第二传输信道之间的频率间隔至少是20MHz。在第一传输信道上发送的信息和在第二传输信道上发送的信息可以相差一复增益，并且这些信道可以是单一频率或者可以是多频率宽带信道。
在另一总的方面，一种使用非同时频率分集发送信息的方法，包括识别要发送的信息，在第一信道上发送所识别的信息以及在预定时间量之后，在第二信道上发送所识别的信息。
在某些实现中，所述识别要发送的信息的步骤包括从一组要发送的信息中识别要发送的块。所述块包括不超过一次所能发送的最大信息量。例如，所述块的大小可以基于正交频分复用(OFDM)音调的大小。
可以通过将中频信号与本地振荡器的输出混合来将该中频信号转换到发射频率，在第一频率和第二频率上发送所识别的信息。可以对两者使用同一本地振荡器。此外，所述预定时间量可以是固定或者动态的。该无线电装置可以被配置成在连续时间点上在第一传输信道上发送信号以及在第二传输信道上发送信号。
在另一总的方面，一种接收使用非同时频率分集发送的信息的方法，包括：接收在第一信道上发送的第一信号；在预定时间量之后，接收在第二频率上发送的第二信号；以及基于第一信号和第二信号识别所发送的信息。
在某些实现中，该方法还包括使用来自本地振荡器的信号将第一信号转换到中频以及使用来自本地振荡器的信号将第二信号转换到中频。可以使用同一本地振荡器来转换第一信号和第二信号。第一信号和第二信号的发送和接收之间的时间量可以是固定或动态的。
实现可以包括使用单个接收路径来接收在第一信道上发送的第一信号和接收在第二信道上发送的第二信号。第一信道和第二信道可以是宽带信道，并且第一信道和第二信道相差至少20MHz。
该系统可以通过使用选择分集、等增益合并和/或最大比合并来合并第一信号和第二信号，从而识别所发送的信息。下面的附图和描述中说明了一个或多个实现的细节。通过说明书、附图以及权利要求，其他的特征和优点将变得清楚。
附图说明
图1是无线电通信系统的图。
图2是使用同时频率分集的无线电通信系统传输的幅频图。
图3A和3B是使用非同时频率分集的无线电通信系统传输的幅频图。
图3C是使用非同时频率分集的一系列传输的幅度-频率-时间图。
图4A是使用正交频分复用(OFDM)的无线电通信系统传输的幅频图。
图4B是说明非同时频率分集的、在各个时间点的OFDM传输的框图。
图5A是使用非同时频率分集的无线电装置的框图。
图5B是使用非同时频率分集的无线电装置的射频(RF)级的框图。
图6A是使用非同时频率分集发送信息的方法的流程图。
图6B是使用非同时频率分集接收信息的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
参照图1，无线电通信系统100包括基站102，可操作与一个或多个远程台104通信。基站102连接到网络106，从而基站102可以在网络106与远程台104之间传输信息。无线电通信系统100可以用于提供诸如例如无线城域网、无线局域网、无线视频点播和/或无线话音服务一样的无线服务。
例如，无线电通信系统100可以用于实现基于IEEE802.11标准的无线局域网(WLAN)。在该实现中，基站102用作接入点或路由器，将一个或多个远程台104连接到网络106，网络106可以是局域网(LAN)或广域网(WAN)，如因特网。远程台104典型地是配有无线网络接口卡的膝上型或台式计算机。
基站102是便于与远程台104射频(RF)通信的硬件设备。RF通信典型地是双向的(基站102和远程台104相互发送和接收信息)；然而，这里描述的非同时频率分集技术也可以用于诸如例如视频或信息广播系统或者寻呼机系统一样的单向RF通信。
为了便于双向RF通信，基站102包括至少一个天线和信号处理单元。信号处理单元典型地包括用于滤波和放大信号的组件，用于在模拟和数字之间转换信号，并且解释和处理接收的数据。
可以使用传统的电子设计和制造技术，使用专用集成电路和/或市场上现成的组件来实现基站102和远程台104。部分的实现可以用软件配置的数字信号处理器(DSP)或通用微处理器来完成。
为了提高性能，可以采用包括频率分集的多种分集技术。根据电信术语表(Glossary of Telecommunication Terms)(联邦标准1037(2000))，频率分集是“在两个或多个独立衰落的载波频率上同时发送相同信息的发送和接收”。因为衰落典型地是频率相关的，所以彼此临近的频率不容易独立地衰落。为此，选择两个或多个完全不同的载波频率是有用的。然而，使用完全不同的载波频率增加了实现的成本和复杂度。
参照图2，采用同时频率分集的无线电通信系统100在多个载波上发送重复信息。例如，在第一频率f1(信号202)和第二频率f2(信号204)上发送要由基站102向远程台104发送的数据。应当选择两个频率f1和f2使得它们独立地衰落。例如，可以选择频率f1和f2使其相隔大于20MHz，从而减少两个信道同时衰落的可能性。频率间隔取决于实现，并且受到多种技术和限制因素的影响。
在多数无线电通信系统100中，在比其发射频率低的频率上处理信号，将信号处理与发送分离。可以使用本地振荡器(LO)来产生与数字信号混合的信号，来将其频率上升到发射频率。如果信号202和204相隔太远，则可以使用两个LO，一个LO用来产生信号202，第二个LO用来产生信号204。
由于远程台104不要求信号202和204的同时接收，因此可以在不同的时间点上在两个或多个独立衰落载波频率上发送重复信息。通过发送信号202、等待一时间段、然后在第二频率上发送信号204，无线电通信系统100可以采用非同时频率分集，这样只需要单个接收路径，从而减少基站102和远程台104两者的复杂度和成本。
参照图3A和3B，使用非同时频率分集的无线电通信系统100在时间T1在第一频率f1上发送信号302，然后在时间T2在第二频率f2上发送包含重复信息的信号304。这些图仅示出信号302和304的幅度和频率分量；然而，它们也可以包括相位分量。信号304复制信号302中包含的至少一些信息；然而，该信息也可以不同地编码，从而信号302和304不具有相同的幅度和相位。
通过在不同的频率上发送重复信息，非同时频率分集提供同时频率分集的许多优点，却不需要同时接收。当改变发送和接收频率时，需要一些延迟以便允许频率调整稳定(settle)。T1与T2之间所经过的时间是预定的，并且可以基于所需的延迟。
在上述例子中，信息被发送两次来实现非同时频率分集。然而，信息可以被发送任何次数。额外的冗余发送可以以带宽为代价进一步提高性能。
可以简单地重发冗余信息，或者无线电通信系统100可以应用复增益，改变冗余信号的相位和/或幅度。接收设备可以合并两个或多个接收的传输，这可能产生信号增益。
参照图3C，如果在频率改变之间需要显著延迟，则可能最好是，以发送之间的短延迟Ti在第一频率f1上发送多个信号，然后在延迟Td之后在第二频率f2上发送重复信息。对于延迟Ti和Td可以选择任何值；然而，在单一频率上或在相邻频率上的发送通常需要较少的时间，因此Ti典型地小于Td。在该例子中，在频率f1上依次发送三个信号322、324和326。然后，在延迟Td之后，在第二频率f2上依次发送三个信号328、330和332。
上面所述的非同时频率分集的例子示出在单载波传输中的技术。一些现代通信系统采用多载波技术，例如扩频、频分复用和正交频分复用(OFDM)。多载波传输系统不是发送在单个载波频率上调制的信号，而是在较宽通信信道上发送信号，信号的部分在各个子载波频率上调制。
例如，OFDM通信系统在宽带信道(例如20MHz信道)上发送信息流，该宽带信道被划分成许多窄的子信道。信息流被拆分成块，从而可以在各个子载波频率上调制多个块并且在各子信道上发送。在一子载波频率上发送的每个块被称为音调(tone)。例如，IEEE802.16标准提供使用具有多达2048个音调的宽带信道的OFDM实现。
在多载波系统中，发送的信号跨越多个频率。为了在多载波系统中实现非同时频率分集，在第一信号中发送的信息(即，通过OFDM发送的一个或多个音调)在稍后的时间点上在第二信号中被发送。该信息在第一发送和第二发送之间的编码可以不同。例如，系统可以应用复增益，重排列信息的各部分，或者变换信息使得接收系统可以从一个或多个接收的信号恢复所发送的信息。因为OFDM信号跨越多个频率，所以重复信息可以在不同音调上发送(即，在不同的子载波频率上调制)和/或在不同信道上发送(即，调制到第一发送的宽带信道以外的频率)。
参照图4A，发送的OFDM信道402包括扩展在频率范围上的多个数据块(即，音调)。可以通过在第二OFDM信道404中发送重复信息，扩展OFDM系统来包括频率分集技术。如果在第二时间点上发送第二OFDM信道404，则该无线电通信系统采用非同时频率分集。
参照图4B，OFDM无线电通信系统在多个频率上同时发送多个数据块。图452和454示出在不同时间点上发送的OFDM系统中的音调。图452示出在第一范围的频率上发送的数据，而图454示出在第二范围的频率上发送的数据。在该例子中，广播第一OFDM信号，包括信息“A”、“B”、“C”和“D”，“D”是重复发送的。在稍后的时间点，在第二范围的频率上广播第二OFDM信号，包括信息“A”、“B”、“C”和“D”，“C”和“D”是重复的。在该信道内的相应音调上(即，在每个信道的第一数据音调上)发送信息“A”。在该信道的另一不同的相对位置上重复发送信息“B”。在第二信道中(使用两个单独的音调)重复发送信息“C”。在第一和第二信道二者中重复发送信息“D”。最后，使用具有信息“A”的第一信道广播的第三OFDM信号。信息可以被发送任何次数，并且系统可以以不同的方式编码每次发送(即，系统可以施加复增益或者变换重复信息)。
图4B示出非同时频率分集可以用多种方式实现，例如下面的方式：(1)在连续时间点上在相应频率上发送的重复信息(例如，“A”)；(2)重复信息的多个副本(例如，“A”、“C”和“D”)；(3)在非连续时间点上发送的重复信息(例如，“D”)；和(4)单个信道内重复的信息(例如，“D”和“C”的第二发送)。
参照图5A，使用基站102和远程台104的无线电装置500，建立使用非同时频率分集的无线电通信系统100的实现。无线电装置500包括用于接收和/或发射RF信号的天线502、用于在发射频率和基带频率之间转换信号的射频(RF)级504、以及基带级506。
天线502可以使用如例如四分之一波长全向天线一样的任何传统技术实现，。无线电装置500可以使用单根天线来发射和接收，或者它可以使用多根天线，利用波束形成和/或天线分集来提高性能。
在该实现中，基带级506用软件处理信号。基带级506包括一个或多个集成电路，例如，数字信号处理器(DSP)，用来实现应用逻辑。在网络应用中，DSP实现物理层(PHY)、媒体接入控制层(MAC)和诸如调制/解调、编码/解码和流量调度一样的网络层功能。基带级506还包括用于支持有线(例如10/100Base T)、无线(例如802.11g)、电话线(例如HomePNA)和/或电力线接口的组件。
RF级504包括用于将信号从发射频率转换到基带频率以及反之的组件。RF级506还提供模数转换器和数模转换器，从而基带级506处理的信号是数字的。
参照图5B，可以使用本地振荡器(LO)552、中频(IF)接收机554和IF发射机556实现RF级504。LO 552在IF接收机554和IF发射机556所使用的发射频率和中间频率之间转换信号。IF接收机554获得在接收信号被转换到IF之后的信号，并且产生供基带级506处理的信号。基带级506将用于发射的信号发送到RF级中的IF发射机556。IF发射机556产生中频上的发射信号，后者与来自LO 552的信号混合来将该信号转换到发射频率。
本地振荡器552和IF接收机554构成接收路径558。因为无线电装置500使用非同时频率分集，所以只需要单个接收路径。为了在两个频率上发送信息，IF发射机556提供RF信号，该RF信号与来自LO 552的信号混合来将该信号转换到第一发射频率。然后，可以使用LO 552来产生第二信号以便将同一IF发射机556信号转换到第二发射频率。因为发射并不是同时进行的，所以不需要多个IF发射机556，并且可以在单个接收路径558中使用单个IF接收机554接收信号。所包括的图5B所示的实现用于说明非同时频率分集的接收路径558的益处。在实际中，将包括诸如例如各种滤波器、放大器和逻辑电路一样的其他组件。
如果第一和第二发射频率相差很大，则本地振荡器可以需要花费很多时间稳定。一个解决方案是使用多个本地振荡器552，其配有逻辑电路来对于特定发射或接收选择适当LO 552信号。使用两个LO 552，无线电装置500可以使用来自一个LO 552的信号将第一发送下变频，使用来自另一LO 552的信号将第二发送下变频。通过这种方式，可以使用IF接收机554和同一接收路径558来提供频率分集。
参照图6A，基站102或远程台104可以通过首先识别要发送的信息(602)，使用非同时频率分集发送信号。在网络实现中，数据链路层将信息拆分成帧以便在物理层中传输。在该实现中，要发送的信息包括单个帧。帧的大小可以取决于链路质量-如果链路质量高，则可以在每个频率上发送较多信息；然而，当链路质量下降时，在接收的信号中区分越来越少的信息。然后在第一频率上发送该信息(604)。
然后，系统在发送重复信息之前等待预定时间量(606)。等待的时间量可以是固定或动态的。如果等待时间是固定的，那么最好选择使得系统能在另一频率上发送的最少的时间量。在预定时间量之后(606)，系统在第二频率上发送重复信息(608)。重复信息可以与初次发送的信息相同，或者可以以不同的方式编码。可以使用任何编码技术，只要接收设备能够从第一和第二发送两者获得发送的信息(如果两者都被正确接收)。
在宽带无线实现中，在服务区中分布着多个基站102。这些基站和它们的天线可以例如安置在塔、公用设施杆或建筑上。在整个服务区中，客户可以安装用户台(远程台104)，可以用来与基站通信102来允许因特网接入。在该实现中，RF信号受到各种人造和自然障碍物的影响，导致多径干扰和衰落。为了改善新能，该系统使用OFDM和非同时频率分集。
参照图6B，基站102或远程台104通过首先接收在第一频率上发送的第一信号(652)，来接收使用非同时频率分集发送的信号。在预定时间量之后，系统接收在第二频率上发送的第二信号(654)。等待周期可以是固定的，或者可以基于系统性能动态调节。
一旦接收到第一信号和第二信号，系统基于这两个信号识别发送的信息(656)。可以使用任何分集合并技术来识别所发送的信号，包括：选择分集、等增益合并和最大比合并。使用选择分集，系统简单地使用最强的信号(即，具有最高信噪比的信号)。使用等增益合并，将信号线性相加。使用最大比合并，计算加权来合并接收的信号，以最大化信噪比。
在一个实现中，无线电通信系统100提供宽带无线因特网服务(基于IEEE802.16标准)，允许远程设备104通过基站102接入因特网(网络106)。远程设备104(也称为用户单元)可以被部署到客户的家中，以允许类似于DSL或有线提供的高速因特网接入。许多无线网络系统采用正交频分复用(OFDM)，这是因为它通过将信号扩展在一组频率上，提供高的频谱效率。在该实现中，将OFDM与非同时频率分集一同使用来提高性能。
可以在任何无线技术中使用非同时频率分集来提高系统性能，而不需要同时接收两个单独的RF信号。描述了多个实现。然而，应当理解，可以做出各种修改而不背离本发明宗旨和范围。因此，其他实现也在权利要求书的范围内。

Claims (32)

1.一种使用非同时频率分集的无线电装置，该无线电装置包括：
天线；
连接到天线的射频模块，其可操作来使用天线发射和接收射频信号；和
连接到射频模块的基带模块，其可操作来通过射频模块发送或接收信号，使得通过该无线电装置发送或接收的信号采用非同时频率分集。
2.如权利要求1所述的无线电装置，还包括连接到射频模块的第二天线。
3.如权利要求1所述的无线电，其中射频模块包括：
本地振荡器，可操作来生成信号；
中频接收机；
中频发射机；
接收混合器，连接到中频接收机和本地振荡器；和
发射混合器，连接到中频发射机和本地振荡器，
其中，接收混合器和发射混合器使用本地振荡信号在中频和发射频率之间转换信号。
4.如权利要求3所述的无线电装置，其中，该无线电装置可操作来通过使用本地振荡器在第一频率上发送数据以及通过使用本地振荡器在第二频率上发送数据，来利用非同时频率分集发送数据。
5.如权利要求3所述的无线电装置，其中，接收混合器、本地振荡器和中频接收机形成接收路径，从而该无线电装置利用单个接收路径来采用非同时频率分集。
6.如权利要求3所述的无线电装置，还包括第二本地振荡器，使得该无线电装置可操作来通过使用本地振荡器在第一频率上发送数据以及通过使用第二本地振荡器在第二频率上发送数据，从而利用非同时频率分集发送数据。
7.如权利要求1所述的无线电装置，其中，基带模块使用正交频分复用(OFDM)。
8.如权利要求1所述的无线电装置，其中，该无线电装置被配置成在第一传输信道上发送信号以及在第二传输信道上发送信号，从而在第一传输信道上和第二传输信道上发送信息以便提供非同时频率分集。
9.如权利要求8所述的无线电装置，其中，第一传输信道和第二传输信道之间的频率间隔至少是20MHz。
10.如权利要求8所述的无线电装置，其中，在第一传输信道上发送的信息和在第二传输信道上发送的信息相差一复增益。
11.如权利要求8所述的无线电装置，其中，第一传输信道和第二传输信道是宽带信道。
12.如权利要求8所述的无线电装置，其中该无线电装置被配置成在连续时间点上在第一传输信道上发送信号以及在第二传输信道上发送信号。
13.一种使用非同时频率分集用于发送信息的方法，包括：
识别要发送的信息；
在第一信道上发送所识别的信息；以及
在预定时间量之后，在第二信道上发送所识别的信息。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法，其中，所述识别要发送的信息的步骤包括从一组要发送的信息中识别要发送的块。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法，其中，所述块包括不超过一次所能发送的最大信息量。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法，其中，所述块的大小基于正交频分复用(OFDM)音调的大小。
17.如权利要求13所述的方法，其中，所述在第一频率上发送所识别的信息的步骤包括：将中频信号与本地振荡器的输出混合来将该中频信号转换到第一频率。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法，其中，所述在第二频率上发送所识别的信息的步骤包括：将中频信号与本地振荡器的输出混合来将该中频信号转换到第二频率。
19.如权利要求18所述的方法，其中，使用同一本地振荡器来将中频信号转换到第一频率和第二频率。
20.如权利要求13所述的方法，其中，所述预定时间量是固定的。
21.如权利要求13所述的方法，其中，所述预定时间量是动态的。
22.一种接收使用非同时频率分集发送的信息的方法，包括：
接收在第一信道上发送的第一信号；
在预定时间量之后，接收在第二信道上发送的第二信号；以及
基于第一信号和第二信号识别所发送的信息。
23.如权利要求22所述的方法，还包括使用来自本地振荡器的信号将第一信号转换到中频。
24.如权利要求23所述的方法，还包括使用来自本地振荡器的信号将第二信号转换到中频。
25.如权利要求24所述的方法，其中使用同一本地振荡器来将第一信号转换到中频信号以及将第二信号转换到中频。
26.如权利要求22所述的方法，其中所述预定时间量是固定的。
27.如权利要求22所述的方法，其中，使用单个接收路径来接收在第一信道上发送的第一信号和接收在第二信道上发送的第二信号。
28.如权利要求22所述的方法，其中，第一信道和第二信道是宽带信道。
29.如权利要求22所述的方法，其中，第一信道和第二信道相差至少20MHz。
30.如权利要求22所述的方法，其中，所述基于第一信号和第二信号识别所发送的信息的步骤包括：使用选择分集合并第一信号和第二信号。
31.如权利要求22所述的方法，其中，所述基于第一信号和第二信号识别所发送的信息的步骤包括：使用等增益合并来合并第一信号和第二信号。
32.如权利要求22所述的方法，其中，所述基于第一信号和第二信号识别所发送的信息的步骤包括：使用最大比合并来合并第一信号和第二信号。
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