CN101113946B - Force and electrical behavior testing device under Nanometer lines in-situ compressing in transmission electron microscope - Google Patents

Force and electrical behavior testing device under Nanometer lines in-situ compressing in transmission electron microscope Download PDF

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CN101113946B
CN101113946B CN2007101193158A CN200710119315A CN101113946B CN 101113946 B CN101113946 B CN 101113946B CN 2007101193158 A CN2007101193158 A CN 2007101193158A CN 200710119315 A CN200710119315 A CN 200710119315A CN 101113946 B CN101113946 B CN 101113946B
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electron microscope
transmission electron
slide block
insulation spacer
situ
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CN101113946A (en
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韩晓东
郑坤
张泽
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Beijing University of Technology
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Beijing University of Technology
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Abstract

The invention provides a test device of the mechanical and electrical properties of a nano-wire compressed in situ in a transmission electron microscope, which pertains to the field of nano-material property test in situ. The device employs a piezoceramic drawing unit, a micro-cantilever mechanical testing system and an electrical measuring system to achieve compression in situ of a single nano-wire or other one-dimensional nano-materials in the transmission electron microscope, and employs the imaging system of the transmission electron microscope to obtain deformation information on a nano or even atomic scale during the compression process. At the same time, the invention can achieve the quantitative measurements of such mechanical properties as elasticity, plasticity, bending and fracturing, and the electrical properties measurement of one-dimensional nano-materials to allow the study on the transport property of a charge during the compression process. The device of the invention has the advantages of simple structure, easy operation, a wide range of application, intuition and quantitative measurement and is beneficial to the explanation and discovery of the good comprehensive property of nano-materials in respect of mechanics, electricity, etc.

Description

Force and electrical behavior testing device under Nanometer lines in-situ compressing in the transmission electron microscope
Technical field:
The present invention relates to force and electrical behavior testing device under Nanometer lines in-situ compressing in a kind of transmission electron microscope, belong to nano ZnO in situ detection field.
Background technology:
Realization is measured the manipulation and the in-situ performance of monomer nanostructured, it is the crucial matter of science and technology of bottleneck of current nanometer new construction, new property and new unit research, especially in transmission electron microscope, because its narrow space, make the test of the more difficult realization monomer of people nanostructured.
Although be noted that people in recent years the mechanical property and the electric property of monomer nano material there have been deep research,, have formed the conclusion of generally acknowledging so far as yet because of its difficulty and complicacy.Monodimension nanometer material is unified as micro-electro-mechanical systems and is received the interconnection line or the basic functional units of Mechatronic Systems, therefore fully understands the mechanical property of single nanometer materials and electric property and the electricity/couple under stress and closes the basic norm that performance is the design nano-device.
Means of testing for the single nanometer materials mechanical property roughly can be divided into following three kinds at present.
The first, be the method for testing of basic means with atomic force microscope or scanning tunnel microscope.Because these equipment have high mechanics and displacement resolution, wherein a kind of method is to be reported in " advancedmaterials " 1999, vol.11, " elastic modulus of many walls bullet nanotube orderly and that arrange in a jumble " (Elastic modulus of ordered and disordered multiwalledcarbon nanotubes) on the 161-165 page or leaf, disclose a kind of across a carbon nano-tube above the hole, utilize the atomic-force microscope needle-tip bent nanotube that bends, utilize high mechanics of atomic force microscope and displacement sensing characteristic, tested the elastic modulus of nanotube, the mechanical property that similar subsequently method has report to be used to test other nano wire more.Method is reported in " Nano Letters " 2005 in another, vol.5, on the 1954-1958, " elastic performance of orthogonal array grow nanowire " (elastic property of verticallyaligned nanowires), be to utilize the crooked vertically zinc oxide nanowire of growth of atomic force microscope equally, utilize the relation of bending displacement and power, calculated the elastic modulus of zinc oxide nanowire.Because superior mechanics and displacement resolution, the mechanical measuring and calculation method of atomic force microscope base is very suitable for measuring the mechanical property of single nano-wire, but the structural change in can not in-situ monitoring nano wire deformation process is difficult to explain the deformation mechanism and the fracture process of nano wire.
The second, the method for development single nanometer materials performance measurement in scanning electron microscope.2000, " Science " vol.287, reported in " tension loads the intensity and the fracture mechanism of multi-walled carbon nano-tubes down " (Strength and breaking mechanism of multiwalled carbonnanotubes under tensile load) literary composition on the 637-640 cover atomic force probe system has been installed in scanning transmission electron microscope, utilized two atomic force probes to realize stretching carbon nano-tube.Be equally in scanning electron microscope, 2005 " Nature materials ", vol.4, " mechanical property of superhigh intensity nanowires of gold " on the 525-529 (Mechanical properties of ultrahigh-strength goldnanowires) article has been reported and has been utilized single atomic force probe to press the apparatus and method of nanowires of gold, thereby realized the test to the mechanical property of nano wire.Although the deformation process that can provide measurement data and original position that combines of flying-spot microscope and atomic force probe because its resolution is in nanometer scale, can not provide the information of atomic scale, be subjected to certain restriction for the research of deformation mechanism.
The 3rd, utilize transmission electron microscope to realize the test of single nanometer materials mechanical property for the basic test means.The mechanical resonance method also is a kind of method of single nano-wire Mechanics Performance Testing, bibliographical information the earliest is in " Science " 1999, vol.283, " electrostatic deflection of carbon nano-tube and resonance " on the 1513-1516 page or leaf (Electrostatic deflections and electromechanicalresonances of carbon nanotubes), this experiment original position in transmission electron microscope is carried out, the alternating electric field induced nano pipe that utilization applies on the at one end fixing nanotube resonates, and utilizes the bending modulus of the measure of the change nanotube of resonant frequency.A plurality of subsequently research groups utilize this method in transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope, have measured the elastic modulus of different nano wires.This method has been avoided the direct operated difficulty of nano wire, can utilize simultaneously the transmission electron microscope original position to obtain the structural information of nanotube/line, but this method only limits to the regime of elastic deformation of nano wire, not other important mechanical properties such as the plastic yield of energy measurement nano wire, fracture strength.2007, " Nano Letter ", vol.7,452-457 " mechanism of the big strain plasticity of ceramic SiC nano wire low-temperature in-site and its atom level " (Low temperature in situ large strain plasticity of ceramic SiCnanowires and its atomic-scale mechanism) has reported the curling realization that utilizes a kind of special supporting film of electron beam irradiation in the high-resolution-ration transmission electric-lens bending to single nano-wire, find the big strain plastic behavior of SiC nano wire, and provided the deformation process and the mechanism of atomic scale.Although this method can effectively provide the information on the atomic scale, can not provide quantification to the elasticity coefficient of single nanometer materials.
More than these methods all can not under stress state, carry out the measurement of electric property to single nanometer materials, can not satisfy at present on micro-scale to nano material mechanics performance electric property, the requirement of mechanics electricity coupling performance test.Transmission electron microscope is one of most important instrument that can directly disclose nanometer even atomic scale information of relying on of people.The platform of transmission electron microscope as the performance test of monomer monodimension nanometer material, main is the information that it can provide real-time atomic scale, variation corresponding to mechanical property under the stress state and electric property provides the most direct evidence, helps the essence of our more effective more real announcement thing.
The elastic modulus of in site measurement single nanometer materials in transmission electron microscope, plastic yield, yield strength and fracture strength are the most direct method of testings, can utilize simultaneously its writing function, variation details on the atomic scale of record monodimension nanometer material in deformation process of original position is for the deformation mechanism that discloses monodimension nanometer material provides direct experimental evidence.Electrical performance testing for single nanometer materials in transmission electron microscope, be disclosed in electric current, electrical properties under the voltage effect and structural change also are fundamental performance parameter and the important basis that monodimension nanometer material is used, and the electrology characteristic of under stress state, testing monodimension nanometer material, it is the major issue that basic device of monodimension nanometer material conduct and functional unit need solve in actual working environment, but also can combine with full resolution pricture its structure monodimension nanometer material charge transport changes of properties under stress state is real-time, for us related the play crucial effects of solution structure with its electric property.
Summary of the invention:
Problem at the prior art existence, the present invention provides force and electrical behavior testing device under Nanometer lines in-situ compressing in a kind of transmission electron microscope, its objective is and utilize this device to realize single nanometer materials in-situ mechanical and electricity performance measurement, and the device that under action of compressive stress, carries out electrical measurement, utilize transmission electron microscope imaging system original position real time record monodimension nanometer material elastic and plastic deformation process under compressive stress field and electric field action, the mode of fracture failure and charge transmission, mechanical property with monodimension nanometer material, electric property, the performance and the microstructure change of mechanics and electricity coupling directly are mapped, and disclose the combination property of monodimension nanometer material from atomic scale.
In order to realize top purpose, force and electrical behavior testing device under Nanometer lines in-situ compressing in a kind of transmission electron microscope among the present invention, it is characterized in that, piezoelectric ceramic piece 2 is positioned in the sealed tube 1 of specimen holder, and piezoelectric ceramic piece 2 end of holding handle 3 near specimen holders is fixed on the sealed tube 1 of specimen holder, two drive the positive and negative polarities that one of lead 19 is terminated at piezoelectric ceramic piece 2, the external and driving power 20 of the other end.Trace 5 is positioned in the groove of carrying base 4, and an end of trace 5 is fixedlyed connected with the outer end of piezoelectric ceramic piece 2, and the other end of trace 5 is connected with metal slide block 13 on the integrated package 6 by screw.Being constructed as follows of integrated package 6 is described: rectangular parallelepiped shell 7 is fixedly connected by screw and carrying base 4, by unscrewing screw, integrated package 6 and carrying base 4 can be broken away from, and realizes operation separately and handles.First insulation spacer 8 and second insulation spacer 9 are placed horizontally in the rectangular parallelepiped shell, and fix with it, second insulation spacer 9 is placed on the openend near rectangular parallelepiped shell 7, first insulation spacer 8 is placed on the blind end near rectangular parallelepiped shell 7, wherein first insulation spacer 8 is near carrying bases 4, and second insulation spacer 9 is away from carrying base 4.The narrow slit of a 30-50 micron is set between first insulation spacer 8 and second insulation spacer 9, is convenient to electron beam and passes through.A rectangle plating of secured in parallel silicon chip 10 on first insulation spacer 8 near seam one side place, utilizes semi-girder 11 of etching method etching.On direction, fix a slide rail 12 on second insulation spacer 9 perpendicular to semi-girder 11, slide rail 12 is provided with a projection away from an end of overarm arm 11, one metal slide block 13 is installed on slide rail 12, and the side of metal slide block 13 can be fixing with slide rail 12 with trip bolt 14.Semi-girder 11 and upper surface metal slide block 13 on same surface level, semi-girder 11 and metal slide block 13 between gap width can adjust metal slide blocks 13 by vernier adjustment knob 15 and change.Vernier adjustment knob 15 is installed in the projection on the slide block 12.
Drive piezoelectric ceramic piece 2 by driving lead 19 external driving powers 20, make it that micrometric displacement take place in the axial direction, because the inner of piezoelectric ceramic piece 2 is fixing, piezoelectric ceramic piece 2 can only be subjected to displacement laterally, so the metal slide block 13 (before with vernier adjustment knob 15, trip bolt 14 unclamps) that will drive trace 5 and be attached thereto, like this, metal slide block 13 will be near overarm arm 11, thereby realizes the uniaxial compression of the nano wire 21 that two ends are fixing.The compression of nano wire 21 will drive the distortion of semi-girder 11, by self real time record function in the transmission electron microscope, the side-play amount of semi-girder 11 can be calculated,, the size that is applied to the pressure on the nano wire 21 can be calculated according to its known elastic constant.
Electrical measurement system 16 is by loading lead 17, and signal conductor 18 is connected with metal slide block 13 with gold-plated silicon chip 10, and the control power supply that loads lead 17 and electrical measurement system joins, and signal conductor 18 joins with the field generation testing tool of electrical measurement system.The electrical measurement system comprises controllable electric power, electric current, voltage, resistance, electric capacity, a generation testing tool.Electric property can be measured under the stress application field action not having, and also can apply at the same time under electric field and the stress field effect to measure.
The invention provides force and electrical behavior testing device under Nanometer lines in-situ compressing in a kind of transmission electron microscope, can realize the uniaxial compression of single nanometer materials original position in transmission electron microscope, can characterize its elastic performance, plastic property and fracture process can be from acquired informations on the atomic scale.Simultaneously it can also test single nanometer materials under the state of compressive stress, and its charge transport changes of properties realizes the test of single nanometer materials power electric coupling performance, it is characterized in that this method carries out as follows:
1. integrated package 6 is taken off from specimen holder, unscrew trip bolt 14, it is wide to required seam to regulate vernier adjustment knob 15 under optical microscope, tightens trip bolt 14 then.
2. monodimension nanometer material is put in the organic solvent (for example, ethanol, acetone etc.) that does not react with sample, ultrasonic dispersing 10-60 divides kind, with the upper surface of hanging drop at sample metal slide block and micro-cantilever.
3. in scanning electron microscope, utilize mechanical arm that single nanometer materials is set, utilize focused ion beam that monodimension nanometer material is fixed on metal slide block and the semi-girder then.
4. integrated package 6 is connected with specimen holder, then trace 5 and metal slide block 13 is fixed, and integrated package 6 and carrying base are screwed.Specimen holder is put into transmission electron microscope, taken out vacuum.
5. will drive lead 19, load lead 17, signal conductor 18 respectively with the control power supply of drive power supply for piezoelectric ceramics 20 and electrical measurement system, a generation testing tool connects.By the control drive power supply for piezoelectric ceramics, the drive pressure electroceramics is upheld vertically, make the monodimension nanometer material that is fixed on the sample stage be able to uniaxial compression, and pass through the real-time recording compressed process of imaging function of transmission electron microscope, obtain the sequence image of monodimension nanometer material compression deformation.
6. in the monodimension nanometer material compression, utilize the deformation quantity of transmission electron microscope record semi-girder, by the formula of reporting in the document, and known elasticity coefficient obtains the suffered pulling force of monodimension nanometer material.Simultaneously, can also utilize the variation of the real-time monitoring monodimension nanometer material electric property in compression process of electrical measurement system.
The present invention compared with prior art, have the following advantages and the high-lighting effect: monodimension nanometer material mechanics, electrical testing system in the transmission electron microscope of the present invention have simple in structure, dependable performance, simple installation, be convenient to operation, the characteristics of applied range go for length greater than all monodimension nanometer materials of 5 microns.This invention utilizes the mechanics sensing capabilities and the accurate displacement sensing characteristic of piezoelectric ceramics of micro-cantilever sensitivity, and the displacement that can realize nanometer scale is differentiated and received the mechanics of ox magnitude and differentiates.Compare with existing atomic force or scanning tunnel microscope monodimension nanometer material mechanics test device, the present invention utilizes the microstructure change in nanoscale even the distortion of atomic scale record monodimension nanometer material of transmission electron microscope original position in to single nanometer materials Mechanics Performance Testing process, the mechanical property and the micromechanism of monodimension nanometer material directly are mapped, characteristic with intuitive and detection by quantitative, be convenient to explain and find the mechanical property of monodimension nanometer material excellence, compare with the technical method of test monodimension nanometer material in existing scanning or the transmission electron microscope, the present invention can realize the elasticity to monodimension nanometer material, whole measurements of plasticity and fracture process, the information of the deformation process on the atomic scale can be provided, simultaneously can obtain the stress-strain diagram of monodimension nanometer material under Under Uniaxial Compressive Loading, mechanical property that can comprehensive explanation monodimension nanometer material.In addition, the test monodimension nanometer material that can also utilize device original position of the present invention is under the effect of tension, the charge transport changes of properties, and can with the variation of electric property directly and on its atomic scale the variation of structure be mapped, can disclose the abundant physical property of monodimension nanometer material, for monodimension nanometer material provides reliable data in the development and Design of numerous areas such as MEMS (micro electro mechanical system) and semiconductor devices, sensor.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the vertical view of force and electrical behavior testing device under Nanometer lines in-situ compressing in a kind of transmission electron microscope of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a vertical view of realizing the integrated package 6 of compression nano wire function.
Fig. 3 is an AB cut-open view of realizing the integrated package 6 of compression nano wire function.
Fig. 4 is the CD cut-open view of metal slide block 13 and its guide rail 12
Embodiment:
As shown in Figure 1, piezoelectric ceramic piece 2 is positioned in the sealed tube 1 of specimen holder, and its inner is fixed on the sealed tube 1 of specimen holder, and two drive the positive and negative polarities that one of lead 19 is terminated at piezoelectric ceramic piece 2, and the other end is external in driving power 20.Trace 5 belongs to rigid materials, is positioned in the groove of carrying base 4, and an end of trace 5 is fixedlyed connected with the outer end of piezoelectric ceramic piece 2, and the other end of trace 5 is connected with metal slide block 13 on the integrated package 6 by screw.Two load lead 17 and two signal conductor 18 1 ends all with integrated package 6 on gold-plated silicon chip 10 be connected with metal slide block 13, and detachably.Drive lead 19, the other end that loads lead 17 and signal conductor 18 is drawn from handle 3 outer ends of holding of specimen holder, is convenient to and the drive power supply for piezoelectric ceramics 20 of outside and the control power supply of electrical measurement system 16, and a generation testing tool is connected.And the sealing of assurance specimen holder.
The structure of integrated package 6 is shown in Figure 2: rectangular parallelepiped shell 7 can be fixedly connected by screw and carrying base 4, by unscrewing screw, integrated package 6 and carrying base 4 can be broken away from, and realizes operation separately and handles.The top and bottom of rectangular parallelepiped shell 7 and close carrying base 4 one sides are not all sealed the other parts sealing.The size of rectangular parallelepiped shell 7 is according to the specifications design of raw sample bar.First insulation spacer 8 and second insulation spacer 9 are placed in parallel in the rectangular parallelepiped shell, and fix with it, and second insulation spacer 9 is placed near carrying base 4 one sides, and with the blind end of first insulation spacer 8 near rectangular parallelepiped shell 7.Between first insulation spacer 8 and second insulation spacer 9 narrow slit is set, stitching wide is the 30-50 micron, is convenient to electron beam and passes through.Fix a plating silicon chip 10 on first insulation spacer 8,, utilize semi-girder 11 of etching method etching near seam one side place.Draw two electrodes at plating silicon chip 10 upper surfaces, be convenient to be connected with two loading leads 17 and two signal conductors 18.Semi-girder 11 length are 0.3 centimetre, and wide is 600 nanometers, and thick is 800 nanometers, and the seam wide of it and gold-plated silicon chip is 5 microns.Fix a slide rail 12 on second insulation spacer 9, a metal slide block 13 is installed on slide rail 12, metal slide block 13 can be fixing with slide rail 12 with trip bolt 14, and slide rail 12 is provided with a projection away from an end of overarm arm 11, and the cross section of slide rail 12 can be designed to trapezoidal.Semi-girder 11 and upper surface metal slide block 13 are on same surface level.In the projection on slide rail 12 vernier adjustment knob 15 is set, but makes an end contacting metal slide block 13 of vernier adjustment knob 15, like this, by regulating the slit between that vernier adjustment knob 15 can change semi-girder 11 and the metal slide block 13.For the clearer relative position of expressing each parts, we have provided two cut-open views, and Fig. 3 is the cut-open view along the AB face, and Fig. 4 has provided second insulation spacer 9, slide rail 12, and metal slide block 13 and trip bolt 14 are along the cut-open view of CD face.
With semi-girder 11 and metal slide block 13 between seam wide transfer to required width after, tighten trip bolt 14, then single nanometer materials 21 is utilized mechanical arm to ride on gold-plated silicon chip 10 and the metal slide block 13 in scanning electron microscope, utilize focused beam to be fixed on semi-girder 11 and the metal slide block again.Further rectangular parallelepiped shell 7 on the integrated package 6 and metal slide block 13 are fixed with carrying base 4 and trace 5 respectively.Specimen holder is put into transmission electron microscope really, has taken out vacuum.To drive lead 19, the other end that loads lead 17 and signal conductor 18 causes outside the specimen holder, with the drive power supply for piezoelectric ceramics 20 of outside and the control power supply of electrical measurement system 16, generation testing tool in field connects, the driving power of controlling piezoelectric ceramics is then realized the transversal displacement of piezoelectric ceramic piece 2, because the inner of piezoelectric ceramic piece 2 is fixed, displacement is only carried out laterally, drive trace 5 and 13 motions of metal slide block, and make metal slide block 13, thereby realize the uniaxial compression of monodimension nanometer material near semi-girder 11.Further utilize the in-situ observation register system of transmission electron microscope to write down the distortion of monodimension nanometer material and the distortion of semi-girder 11, calculate the elastic modulus of monodimension nanometer material according to the deflection of semi-girder 11.Can also in the process of monodimension nanometer material compression, it be switched on, thereby while can realize compressing the variation of measuring electric property simultaneously.

Claims (3)

1. force and electrical behavior testing device under Nanometer lines in-situ compressing in the transmission electron microscope, it is characterized in that: piezoelectric ceramic piece (2) is positioned in the sealed tube (1) of sample for use in transmitted electron microscope bar, piezoelectric ceramic piece (2) one ends are fixed, external two of stiff end drives lead (19), drive the external driving power of the other end (20) of lead (19), the other end of piezoelectric ceramic piece (2) joins with the trace (5) that is positioned in the groove that carries base (4), the other end of trace (5) joins by the metal slide block (13) in screw and the integrated package (6), carrying base (4) is terminated at the sealed tube (1) of sample for use in transmitted electron microscope bar, and the other end of carrying base (4) is connected to integrated package (6);
Being constructed as follows of described integrated package (6) is described: rectangular parallelepiped shell (7) top, bottom and a side are not sealed, claim that the side of not sealing is an openend, be called blind end with the corresponding side of openend, the openend of rectangular parallelepiped shell (7) is fixedly connected by screw and carrying base (4), first insulation spacer (8) is in to be placed horizontally on the same surface level in the rectangular parallelepiped shell (7) with second insulation spacer (9) and also fixes with it, second insulation spacer (9) is placed on the openend near rectangular parallelepiped shell (7), first insulation spacer (8) is placed on the blind end near rectangular parallelepiped shell (7), wherein the centre of first insulation spacer (8) and second insulation spacer (9) keeps the slit of a 30-50 micron, make the slit parallel with the openend of rectangular parallelepiped shell (7), secured in parallel one plating silicon chip (10) on first insulation spacer (8), it carves a semi-girder (11) near a side of second insulation spacer (9) by etching method, and makes overarm arm (11) also be parallel to the openend of rectangular parallelepiped shell (7).Fixing a slide rail (12) on the direction perpendicular to overarm arm (11) on second insulation spacer (9), slide rail (12) is provided with a projection away from an end of overarm arm (11), metal slide block (13) is installed on slide rail (12), it is fixing with slide rail (12) at the upper surface of metal slide block (13) trip bolt (14) to be installed, the upper surface of semi-girder (11) with metal slide block (13) is arranged on the same surface level, gap width between semi-girder (11) and the metal slide block (13) can be adjusted metal slide block (13) by vernier adjustment knob (15) and change, and vernier adjustment knob (15) is installed in the projection on the slide rail (12).
2. force and electrical behavior testing device under Nanometer lines in-situ compressing in a kind of transmission electron microscope according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: also comprise electrical measurement system (16), this electrical measurement system (16) loads lead (17) by two and two signal conductors (18) are connected with integrated package (6), load an end of lead (17) and the control power supply of electrical measurement system and join, the other end that loads lead (17) joins with semi-girder (11) and metal slide block (13) respectively; The field generation testing tool of signal conductor (18) one ends and electrical measurement system joins, and the other end of signal conductor (18) also joins with semi-girder (11) and metal slide block (13) respectively.
3. force and electrical behavior testing device under Nanometer lines in-situ compressing in a kind of transmission electron microscope according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described electrical measurement system comprises the control power supply, resistance, electric capacity, a generation testing tool.
CN2007101193158A 2007-07-20 2007-07-20 Force and electrical behavior testing device under Nanometer lines in-situ compressing in transmission electron microscope Expired - Fee Related CN101113946B (en)

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