CN101105345A - Liquid helium temperature stirling type multi-grade pulse tube refrigerator adopting helium 3-helium 4 double working medium - Google Patents
Liquid helium temperature stirling type multi-grade pulse tube refrigerator adopting helium 3-helium 4 double working medium Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101105345A CN101105345A CNA2007100695941A CN200710069594A CN101105345A CN 101105345 A CN101105345 A CN 101105345A CN A2007100695941 A CNA2007100695941 A CN A2007100695941A CN 200710069594 A CN200710069594 A CN 200710069594A CN 101105345 A CN101105345 A CN 101105345A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- helium
- level
- vascular
- regenerator
- stage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
- F25B9/145—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle pulse-tube cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used
- F25B2309/1408—Pulse-tube cycles with pulse tube having U-turn or L-turn type geometrical arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used
- F25B2309/1421—Pulse-tube cycles characterised by details not otherwise provided for
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used
- F25B2309/1424—Pulse tubes with basic schematic including an orifice and a reservoir
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/10—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point with several cooling stages
Abstract
The invention discloses a Stirling-type multistage pulse tube refrigerator with He3/He4 double-working fluid for liquid helium temperature region. A He4 compressor is connected with a second-stage heat regenerator through a first-stage heat regenerator, the first-stage heat regenerator is connected with a first-stage pulse pipe and a first-stage phase regulating mechanism through a cold junction, the cold junction of the second-stage heat regenerator is connected with a second-stage phase regulating mechanism through a second-stage pulse pipe, the cold junction of the second-stage pulse pipe is connected with the middle part of a third-stage heat regenerator through a heat bridge, the hot end of the third-stage heat regenerator is connected with a He3 compressor, the cold junction of the third-stage heat regenerator is connected with the cold junction of a third-stage pulse pipe, and the hot end of the third-stage pulse pipe is connected with a third-stage phase regulating mechanism and connected with the middle part of the third-stage heat regenerator through the heat bridge. The invention uses He4 working fluid at the first and second stages, and uses He3 working fluid with better performance at the third stage with the lowest refrigerant temperature, so as to save the consumption of He3 and reduce cost. Meanwhile, the invention can achieve better effect than completely using He4 working fluid.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of liquid helium warm area stirling type multi vascular refrigerator that adopts helium 3-helium 4 duplexing matter.It is applicable to the compact vascular refrigerator that requires to reach the liquid helium warm area.
Background technology
Vascular refrigerator is a kind of philip refrigerator of the nearest more than ten years primary study in countries in the world, mainly form by regenerator, vascular, indoor temperature end heat exchanger, cool end heat exchanger, air deflector and phase modulating mechanism, owing to eliminated the displacer under the low temperature, so it is more simple and reliable than traditional G-M and stirling-type refrigeration machine, prolong average non-failure operation time greatly, therefore has more wide prospect in the space application facet.
According to the distribution pattern, vascular refrigerator is divided into G-M type vascular refrigerator and stirling-type vascular refrigerator.The former adopts switch valve to connect between mechanical compressor and vascular refrigerator, by the control of high-low pressure end valve door being realized the compression and the expansion process of gas in the vascular refrigerator, thereby the cold junction at refrigeration machine produces refrigeration effect, operating frequency is generally at 1-2Hz, be the main method that obtains liquid helium warm area refrigeration at present, still, because the compressor section employing is the oil lubrication structure, be furnished with oil and separate and adsorbent equipment, so volume is comparatively heavy and need periodic maintenance.Simultaneously, there is bigger conversion loss in the pressure wave that has valve arrangement to produce, so efficient is relatively low, consequently is difficult in the space and obtains application with military going up.In contrast to this, the stirling-type vascular refrigerator then provides high frequency pressure waves (30～60Hz) by the valveless compressor, along with the development of technology such as flat spring support, clearance seal and moving-coil type (or moving-magnetic type) linear compression, the electric work conversion efficiency of its compressor can reach more than 80% usually.In general, the stirling-type vascular refrigerator than the G-M type have efficient height (2～5 times), volume is little and advantages such as (less than 20%) in light weight, have important use at space and military aspect and be worth.No matter be G-M type or stirling-type, all need to use gas as working medium with superior thermodynamic properties.Most at present employing helium 4 are working medium, also have some scholars to use other gases or mixed working fluid to study at certain warm area in addition.
In order to reach the liquid helium warm area and to have better refrigeration performance at this warm area, recent theory and studies show that, helium 3 working medium have than the more excellent low-temperature characteristics of helium 4 working medium, the Jiang Ning of Zhejiang University is on a liquid helium warm area G-M type two stage pulse tube refrigerator with separate gas loop, adopting helium 3 is second level refrigeration working medium, has obtained the minimum zero load cryogenic temperature of 1.27K.All adopt the situation of helium 4 working medium to compare with two-stage, under identical condition (identical compressor wasted work), it is working medium that helium 3 is adopted in the second level, makes this two stage pulse tube refrigerator improve 40.5% in the refrigerating capacity of 4.2K.
At the liquid helium warm area, on the one hand because the influence of working medium imperfection under the low temperature---follow the rapid increase of specific heat capacity of λXiang Bian will cause regenerator to lose efficacy, working medium character will become one of restriction regenerating type low-temperature refrigerator bottleneck of performance.Known helium 4 λXiang Bian temperature are 2.171K, and helium 3 λXiang Bian temperature are at the mK warm area, and below 20K, the specific heat capacity of helium 4 is big than helium 3 obviously.On the other hand, when the thermalexpansioncoefficient of working medium
p=0 o'clock, then adiabatic compression or expansion can not cause any variation of temperature, and refrigeration machine can't produce any refrigerating capacity.In fact, the thermalexpansioncoefficient of helium 4
p=0 temperature is near its λXiang Bian temperature, and helium 3 is (about 1K) thermalexpansioncoefficient under lower temperature
pBecome 0.Therefore, above two aspect effects limit be performance under the Cryo Refrigerator low temperature of working medium with helium 4.With helium 3 is the vascular refrigerator of the working medium cryogenic temperature that then is expected to reach lower, bigger refrigerating capacity and the efficient of Geng Gao.
Can reach the stirling-type vascular refrigerator of liquid helium warm area at present, a level Four vascular refrigerator ACTDP 4-stage such as the designed manufacturing of The Lockheed MartinAdvanced Technology Center (LMATC), drive with Linearkompressor, adopt helium 3 to be working medium fully, reached minimum zero load cryogenic temperature 3.8k.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of liquid helium warm area stirling type multi vascular refrigerator that adopts helium 3-helium 4 duplexing matter.
It comprises first order vascular refrigerator, second level vascular refrigerator, third level vascular refrigerator, first, two stage pulse tube refrigerator comprises second level vascular, second level phase modulating mechanism, first order regenerator, helium 4 compressors, first order phase modulating mechanism, first order vascular, second level regenerator, third level vascular refrigerator comprises third level vascular, third level phase modulating mechanism, third level regenerator, helium 3 compressors, helium 4 compressors are connected with second level regenerator through first order regenerator, first order regenerator is through cold head and first order vascular, first order phase modulating mechanism is connected, second level regenerator cold head is connected with second level phase modulating mechanism through second level vascular, second level vascular cold head is connected with third level regenerator middle part through heat bridge, third level regenerator hot junction is connected with helium 3 compressors, third level regenerator cold head is connected with third level vascular cold head, third level vascular hot junction is connected with third level phase modulating mechanism, and third level vascular hot junction is connected with third level regenerator middle part through heat bridge.
It is working medium that described first order vascular refrigerator, second level vascular refrigerator adopt helium 4.It is working medium that third level vascular refrigerator adopts helium 3.
Be that theory or practice prove that all helium 3 has than helium 4 at the liquid helium warm area and has better thermal performance.Because helium 3 gases are very rare, cost an arm and a leg, and in higher temperature region, isotope helium 3 is very little with helium 4 poor properties distance, from existing experimental result, helium 3 is also not obvious with respect to the advantage of helium 4.The third level less at volume, that cryogenic temperature is minimum is adopted the better working medium helium 3 of performance, and the refrigeration machine performance is promoted better.In front-end stage (precooling level), also be the bigger part of volume simultaneously, adopt the working medium helium 4 of relative low price, thereby saved the consumption of helium 3 greatly, reduced cost.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is the liquid helium warm area stirling type multi pulse pipe refrigeration machine system schematic diagram that adopts helium 3-helium 4 duplexing matter.Among the figure: second level vascular 1, second level phase modulating mechanism 2, first order regenerator 3, helium 4 compressors 4, first order phase modulating mechanism 5, first order vascular 6, second level regenerator 7, heat bridge 8, third level vascular 9, third level phase modulating mechanism 10, third level regenerator 11, helium 3 compressors 12.
The specific embodiment
As shown in drawings, adopt the liquid helium warm area stirling type multi vascular refrigerator of helium 3-helium 4 duplexing matter, comprise first order vascular refrigerator, second level vascular refrigerator, third level vascular refrigerator, first, two stage pulse tube refrigerator comprises second level vascular 1, second level phase modulating mechanism 2, first order regenerator 3, helium 4 compressors 4, first order phase modulating mechanism 5, first order vascular 6, second level regenerator 7, third level vascular refrigerator comprises third level vascular 9, third level phase modulating mechanism 10, third level regenerator 11, helium 3 compressors 12, helium 4 compressors 4 are connected with second level regenerator 7 through first order regenerator 3, first order regenerator 3 is through cold head and first order vascular 6, first order phase modulating mechanism 5 is connected, regenerator 7 cold heads in the second level are connected with second level phase modulating mechanism 2 through second level vascular 1, vascular 1 cold head in the second level is connected with third level regenerator 11 middle parts through heat bridge 8, third level regenerator 11 hot junctions are connected with helium 3 compressors 12, third level regenerator 11 cold heads are connected with third level vascular 9 cold heads, third level vascular 9 hot junctions are connected with third level phase modulating mechanism 10, and third level vascular 9 hot junctions are connected with third level regenerator 11 middle parts through heat bridge.
It is working medium that described first order vascular refrigerator, second level vascular refrigerator adopt helium 4.It is working medium that third level vascular refrigerator adopts helium 3.
The effect of heat bridge 8 is that the heat of third level vascular refrigerator regenerator middle part and vascular hot-side heat dissipation device is reached second level vascular refrigerator cold head by heat, thereby realizes the precooling effect.
Concrete assembly method is at first helium 4 compressors 4 to be linked to each other with first and second grade stirling-type vascular refrigerator regenerator 3; Secondly, helium 3 compressors 12 are linked to each other with third level stirling-type vascular refrigerator regenerator 11; With a heat bridge 8 second level vascular refrigerator cold head and third level vascular refrigerator regenerator middle part and vascular hot-side heat dissipation device are coupled together at last.
After the assembling of whole refrigeration system finished, open helium 4 compressors, first and second grade vascular refrigerator begins refrigeration, and the cold head temperature begins to descend, and third level vascular refrigerator is carried out precooling; Open helium 3 compressors simultaneously, third level vascular refrigerator begins refrigeration, because its regenerator middle part and vascular hot-side heat dissipation device link to each other with second level vascular refrigerator cold head, so regenerator top drops to and the close temperature of second level vascular refrigerator cold head from room temperature, generally both differ less than 10K, the latter half begins to descend from this medium temperature, until the temperature of the cold head of third level vascular refrigerator.
Claims (4)
1. liquid helium warm area stirling type multi vascular refrigerator that adopts helium 3-helium 4 duplexing matter, it is characterized in that it comprises first order vascular refrigerator, second level vascular refrigerator, third level vascular refrigerator, first, two stage pulse tube refrigerator comprises second level vascular (1), second level phase modulating mechanism (2), first order regenerator (3), helium 4 compressors (4), first order phase modulating mechanism (5), first order vascular (6), second level regenerator (7), third level vascular refrigerator comprises third level vascular (9), third level phase modulating mechanism (10), third level regenerator (11), helium 3 compressors (12), helium 4 compressors (4) are connected with second level regenerator (7) through first order regenerator (3), first order regenerator (3) is through first order vascular refrigerator cold head and first order vascular (6), first order phase modulating mechanism (5) is connected, second level regenerator (7) cold head is connected with second level phase modulating mechanism (2) through second level vascular (1), second level vascular (1) cold head is connected with third level regenerator (11) middle part through heat bridge (8), third level regenerator (11) hot junction is connected with helium 3 compressors (12), third level regenerator (11) cold head is connected with third level vascular (9) cold head, third level vascular (9) hot junction is connected with third level phase modulating mechanism (10), and third level vascular (9) hot junction is connected with third level regenerator (11) middle part through heat bridge.
2. a kind of liquid helium warm area stirling type multi vascular refrigerator that adopts helium 3-helium 4 duplexing matter according to claim 1 is characterized in that described first order vascular refrigerator, second level vascular refrigerator adopt helium 4 to be working medium.
3. a kind of liquid helium warm area stirling type multi vascular refrigerator that adopts helium 3-helium 4 duplexing matter according to claim 1 is characterized in that described third level vascular refrigerator adopts helium 3 to be working medium.
4. a kind of liquid helium warm area stirling type multi vascular refrigerator that adopts helium 3-helium 4 duplexing matter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described first order vascular refrigerator and second level vascular refrigerator both can adopt the mode of gas coupled mode, also can adopt the mode of divergence type.For divergence type, both can distribute by gas to drive with helium 4 compressors, also can drive respectively with two helium 4 compressors.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2007100695941A CN101105345A (en) | 2007-08-03 | 2007-08-03 | Liquid helium temperature stirling type multi-grade pulse tube refrigerator adopting helium 3-helium 4 double working medium |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2007100695941A CN101105345A (en) | 2007-08-03 | 2007-08-03 | Liquid helium temperature stirling type multi-grade pulse tube refrigerator adopting helium 3-helium 4 double working medium |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101105345A true CN101105345A (en) | 2008-01-16 |
Family
ID=38999354
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2007100695941A Pending CN101105345A (en) | 2007-08-03 | 2007-08-03 | Liquid helium temperature stirling type multi-grade pulse tube refrigerator adopting helium 3-helium 4 double working medium |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101105345A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102563993A (en) * | 2012-01-13 | 2012-07-11 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | Absorption type low-temperature thermal switch with normal-pressure sealed helium |
| CN102980321A (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2013-03-20 | 浙江大学 | Multi-stage pulse tube refrigerator adopting relay linear compressor |
| CN103512258A (en) * | 2012-06-19 | 2014-01-15 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Pulse tube refrigerator driven by V-M-type thermocompressor in liquid helium temperature region |
| CN104006564A (en) * | 2013-02-21 | 2014-08-27 | 朱绍伟 | Pulse tube refrigerator |
| CN104697231A (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2015-06-10 | 浙江大学 | Multistage cascaded pulse tube refrigerator with adjustable stage number |
| CN112378111A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2021-02-19 | 中国科学院紫金山天文台 | 300mK adsorption refrigeration automatic cooling optimization control method based on CRC-GL7 refrigerator |
| CN113280572A (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-08-20 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | System and method for purifying helium 3 on lunar surface |
-
2007
- 2007-08-03 CN CNA2007100695941A patent/CN101105345A/en active Pending
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102563993A (en) * | 2012-01-13 | 2012-07-11 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | Absorption type low-temperature thermal switch with normal-pressure sealed helium |
| CN103512258A (en) * | 2012-06-19 | 2014-01-15 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Pulse tube refrigerator driven by V-M-type thermocompressor in liquid helium temperature region |
| CN103512258B (en) * | 2012-06-19 | 2015-07-08 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Pulse tube refrigerator driven by V-M-type thermocompressor in liquid helium temperature region |
| CN102980321A (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2013-03-20 | 浙江大学 | Multi-stage pulse tube refrigerator adopting relay linear compressor |
| CN104006564A (en) * | 2013-02-21 | 2014-08-27 | 朱绍伟 | Pulse tube refrigerator |
| CN104006564B (en) * | 2013-02-21 | 2018-08-10 | 朱绍伟 | A kind of vascular refrigerator |
| CN104697231A (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2015-06-10 | 浙江大学 | Multistage cascaded pulse tube refrigerator with adjustable stage number |
| CN104697231B (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2017-03-01 | 浙江大学 | A kind of adjustable multi-stage cascade type vascular refrigerator of series |
| CN112378111A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2021-02-19 | 中国科学院紫金山天文台 | 300mK adsorption refrigeration automatic cooling optimization control method based on CRC-GL7 refrigerator |
| CN112378111B (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2021-11-02 | 中国科学院紫金山天文台 | 300mK adsorption refrigeration automatic cooling optimization control method based on CRC-GL7 refrigerator |
| CN113280572A (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-08-20 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | System and method for purifying helium 3 on lunar surface |
| CN113280572B (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2022-12-20 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | System and method for purifying helium 3 on lunar surface |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103808056B (en) | The vascular of recovery sound merit and the compound Cryo Refrigerator of J-T throttling | |
| CN103062951B (en) | Low-temperature J-T (Joule-Thomson) throttling cooler precooled by Stirling/pulse tube composite type cooler | |
| CN100529589C (en) | Small-sized throttle low temperature refrigerator circulating system with injector | |
| CN1304799C (en) | Dual-way air-intake vascular refrigeator with corrugated pipe direct-current blocking-up structure | |
| CN101105345A (en) | Liquid helium temperature stirling type multi-grade pulse tube refrigerator adopting helium 3-helium 4 double working medium | |
| US7363767B2 (en) | Multi-stage pulse tube cryocooler | |
| CN201110668Y (en) | Liquid helium warm area stirling type multilevel pulse-tube refrigerator with helium 3 - helium 4 double working substances | |
| CN104654648A (en) | Multistage Stirling type pulse tube refrigerator | |
| CN107940790A (en) | A kind of mixing circulation Cryo Refrigerator | |
| CN103047788B (en) | J-T throttling refrigeration circulating system driven by low-temperature linear compressor | |
| CN102313395B (en) | Two-stage Stirling and single-stage pulse tube gas coupling cascaded multi-stage low temperature refrigerator | |
| JP2511604B2 (en) | Cryogen freezer | |
| JP2783112B2 (en) | Cryogenic refrigerator | |
| CN104764238A (en) | Oil-free low-vibration GM type pulse tube refrigerator | |
| CN114353366A (en) | High-efficiency precooling and liquefying system of coupling expansion mechanism and regenerative refrigerator | |
| CN113803905A (en) | Efficient precooling and liquefying system of clearance type refrigerating machine | |
| JP2013217517A (en) | Regenerative refrigerator and regenerator | |
| CN105042921A (en) | Multistage low-temperature refrigerator | |
| CN114739031B (en) | Dilution refrigeration system | |
| CN107560226B (en) | Precooling type direct throttling JT refrigerating machine in liquid hydrogen temperature zone | |
| CN217504027U (en) | High-efficiency precooling and liquefying system of coupling expansion mechanism and regenerative refrigerator | |
| CN104534721A (en) | Refrigerating system adopting multi-level thermal coupling V-M type pulse tube refrigerating machines | |
| CN208205604U (en) | Use the cascade back-heating type natural gas liquefaction system of pulse type sterlin refrigerator | |
| CN105509361A (en) | Multistage heat-regeneration refrigerator with acoustic power transmission components capable of stopping flow | |
| CN1175225C (en) | Space cryogenic refrigerator with combined radiation refrigeration and pulse tube refrigeration |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |