CN201110668Y - Liquid helium warm area stirling type multilevel pulse-tube refrigerator with helium 3 - helium 4 double working substances - Google Patents
Liquid helium warm area stirling type multilevel pulse-tube refrigerator with helium 3 - helium 4 double working substances Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN201110668Y CN201110668Y CNU2007201119672U CN200720111967U CN201110668Y CN 201110668 Y CN201110668 Y CN 201110668Y CN U2007201119672 U CNU2007201119672 U CN U2007201119672U CN 200720111967 U CN200720111967 U CN 200720111967U CN 201110668 Y CN201110668 Y CN 201110668Y
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- Prior art keywords
- helium
- level
- vascular
- regenerator
- stage
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
- F25B9/145—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle pulse-tube cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used
- F25B2309/1415—Pulse-tube cycles characterised by regenerator details
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used
- F25B2309/1421—Pulse-tube cycles characterised by details not otherwise provided for
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/10—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point with several cooling stages
Abstract
The utility model discloses a stirling-type multi-stage pulse tube refrigerator at liquid helium temperatures, which employs two working liquids of helium-3 and helium-4. A helium-4 compressor is connected with a second stage regenerator via a first stage regenerator, the first stage regenerator is connected with a first stage pulse tube and a first phase adjusting mechanism via a cold head, a second stage regenerator cold head is connected with a second stage phase adjusting mechanism via a second stage pulse tube, a second stage pulse tube cold head is connected with the middle portion of a third stage regenerator via a heat bridge, a third stage regenerator hot end is connected with a helium-3 compressor, a third stage regenerator cold head is connected with a third stage pulse tube cold head, a third stage pulse tube hot end is connected with a third stage phase adjusting mechanism, and the third stage pulse tube hot end is connected with the middle portion of the third stage regenerator via the heat bridge. The stirling-type multi-stage pulse tube refrigerator employs the working liquid helium-4 at first and second stages, and employs the working liquid helium-3 with better performance at the third stage with the lowest refrigeration temperature, thereby saving consumption of helum-3, reducing cost and simultaneously achieving better effect than the scheme which completely employs helium-4 as the working liquid.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of liquid helium warm area stirling type multi vascular refrigerator that adopts helium 3-helium 4 duplexing matter.It is applicable to the compact vascular refrigerator that requires to reach the liquid helium warm area.
Background technology
Vascular refrigerator is a kind of philip refrigerator of the nearest more than ten years primary study in countries in the world, mainly form by regenerator, vascular, indoor temperature end heat exchanger, cool end heat exchanger, air deflector and phase modulating mechanism, owing to eliminated the displacer under the low temperature, so it is more simple and reliable than traditional G-M and stirling-type refrigeration machine, prolong average non-failure operation time greatly, therefore has more wide prospect in the space application facet.
According to the distribution pattern, vascular refrigerator is divided into G-M type vascular refrigerator and stirling-type vascular refrigerator.The former adopts switch valve to connect between mechanical compressor and vascular refrigerator, by the control of high-low pressure end valve door being realized the compression and the expansion process of gas in the vascular refrigerator, thereby the cold junction at refrigeration machine produces refrigeration effect, operating frequency is generally at 1-2Hz, be the main method that obtains liquid helium warm area refrigeration at present, still, because the compressor section employing is the oil lubrication structure, be furnished with oil and separate and adsorbent equipment, so volume is comparatively heavy and need periodic maintenance.Simultaneously, there is bigger conversion loss in the pressure wave that has valve arrangement to produce, so efficient is relatively low, consequently is difficult in the space and obtains application with military going up.In contrast to this, the stirling-type vascular refrigerator then provides high frequency pressure waves (30～60Hz) by the valveless compressor, along with the development of technology such as flat spring support, clearance seal and moving-coil type (or moving-magnetic type) linear compression, the electric work conversion efficiency of its compressor can reach more than 80% usually.In general, the stirling-type vascular refrigerator than the G-M type have efficient height (2～5 times), volume is little and advantages such as (less than 20%) in light weight, have important use at space and military aspect and be worth.No matter be G-M type or stirling-type, all need to use gas as working medium with superior thermodynamic properties.Most at present employing helium 4 are working medium, also have some scholars to use other gases or mixed working fluid to study at certain warm area in addition.
In order to reach the liquid helium warm area and to have better refrigeration performance at this warm area, recent theory and studies show that, helium 3 working medium have than the more excellent low-temperature characteristics of helium 4 working medium, the Jiang Ning of Zhejiang University is on a liquid helium warm area G-M type two stage pulse tube refrigerator with separate gas loop, adopting helium 3 is second level refrigeration working medium, has obtained the minimum zero load cryogenic temperature of 1.27K.All adopt the situation of helium 4 working medium to compare with two-stage, under identical condition (identical compressor wasted work), it is working medium that helium 3 is adopted in the second level, makes this two stage pulse tube refrigerator improve 40.5% in the refrigerating capacity of 4.2K.
At the liquid helium warm area, on the one hand because the influence of working medium imperfection under the low temperature---follow the rapid increase of specific heat capacity of λXiang Bian will cause regenerator to lose efficacy, working medium character will become one of restriction regenerating type low-temperature refrigerator bottleneck of performance.Known helium 4 λXiang Bian temperature are 2.171K, and helium 3 λXiang Bian temperature are at the mK warm area, and below 20K, the specific heat capacity of helium 4 is big than helium 3 obviously.On the other hand, when the thermalexpansioncoefficient of working medium
p=0 o'clock, then adiabatic compression or expansion can not cause any variation of temperature, and refrigeration machine can't produce any refrigerating capacity.In fact, the thermalexpansioncoefficient of helium 4
p=0 temperature is near its λXiang Bian temperature, and helium 3 is (about 1K) thermalexpansioncoefficient under lower temperature
pBecome 0.Therefore, above two aspect effects limit be performance under the Cryo Refrigerator low temperature of working medium with helium 4.With helium 3 is the vascular refrigerator of the working medium cryogenic temperature that then is expected to reach lower, bigger refrigerating capacity and the efficient of Geng Gao.
Can reach the stirling-type vascular refrigerator of liquid helium warm area at present, a level Four vascular refrigerator ACTDP 4-stage such as the designed manufacturing of The Lockheed MartinAdvanced Technology Center (LMATC), drive with Linearkompressor, adopt helium 3 to be working medium fully, reached minimum zero load cryogenic temperature 3.8k.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model provides a kind of liquid helium warm area stirling type multi vascular refrigerator that adopts helium 3-helium 4 duplexing matter.
It comprises first order vascular refrigerator, second level vascular refrigerator, third level vascular refrigerator, first, two stage pulse tube refrigerator comprises second level vascular, second level phase modulating mechanism, first order regenerator, helium 4 compressors, first order phase modulating mechanism, first order vascular, second level regenerator, third level vascular refrigerator comprises third level vascular, third level phase modulating mechanism, third level regenerator, helium 3 compressors, helium 4 compressors are connected with second level regenerator through first order regenerator, first order regenerator is through cold head and first order vascular, first order phase modulating mechanism is connected, second level regenerator cold head is connected with second level phase modulating mechanism through second level vascular, second level vascular cold head is connected with third level regenerator middle part through heat bridge, third level regenerator hot junction is connected with helium 3 compressors, third level regenerator cold head is connected with third level vascular cold head, third level vascular hot junction is connected with third level phase modulating mechanism, and third level vascular hot junction is connected with third level regenerator middle part through heat bridge.
It is working medium that described first order vascular refrigerator, second level vascular refrigerator adopt helium 4.It is working medium that third level vascular refrigerator adopts helium 3.
Be that theory or practice prove that all helium 3 has than helium 4 at the liquid helium warm area and has better thermal performance.Because helium 3 gases are very rare, cost an arm and a leg, and in higher temperature region, isotope helium 3 is very little with helium 4 poor properties distance, from existing experimental result, helium 3 is also not obvious with respect to the advantage of helium 4.The third level less at volume, that cryogenic temperature is minimum is adopted the better working medium helium 3 of performance, and the refrigeration machine performance is promoted better.In front-end stage (precooling level), also be the bigger part of volume simultaneously, adopt the working medium helium 4 of relative low price, thereby saved the consumption of helium 3 greatly, reduced cost.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is the liquid helium warm area stirling type multi pulse pipe refrigeration machine system schematic diagram that adopts helium 3-helium 4 duplexing matter.Among the figure: second level vascular 1, second level phase modulating mechanism 2, first order regenerator 3, helium 4 compressors 4, first order phase modulating mechanism 5, first order vascular 6, second level regenerator 7, heat bridge 8, third level vascular 9, third level phase modulating mechanism 10, third level regenerator 11, helium 3 compressors 12.
The specific embodiment
As shown in drawings, adopt the liquid helium warm area stirling type multi vascular refrigerator of helium 3-helium 4 duplexing matter, comprise first order vascular refrigerator, second level vascular refrigerator, third level vascular refrigerator, first, two stage pulse tube refrigerator comprises second level vascular 1, second level phase modulating mechanism 2, first order regenerator 3, helium 4 compressors 4, first order phase modulating mechanism 5, first order vascular 6, second level regenerator 7, third level vascular refrigerator comprises third level vascular 9, third level phase modulating mechanism 10, third level regenerator 11, helium 3 compressors 12, helium 4 compressors 4 are connected with second level regenerator 7 through first order regenerator 3, first order regenerator 3 is through cold head and first order vascular 6, first order phase modulating mechanism 5 is connected, regenerator 7 cold heads in the second level are connected with second level phase modulating mechanism 2 through second level vascular 1, vascular 1 cold head in the second level is connected with third level regenerator 11 middle parts through heat bridge 8, third level regenerator 11 hot junctions are connected with helium 3 compressors 12, third level regenerator 11 cold heads are connected with third level vascular 9 cold heads, third level vascular 9 hot junctions are connected with third level phase modulating mechanism 10, and third level vascular 9 hot junctions are connected with third level regenerator 11 middle parts through heat bridge.
It is working medium that described first order vascular refrigerator, second level vascular refrigerator adopt helium 4.It is working medium that third level vascular refrigerator adopts helium 3.
The effect of heat bridge 8 is that the heat of third level vascular refrigerator regenerator middle part and vascular hot-side heat dissipation device is reached second level vascular refrigerator cold head by heat, thereby realizes the precooling effect.
Concrete assembly method is at first helium 4 compressors 4 to be linked to each other with first and second grade stirling-type vascular refrigerator regenerator 3; Secondly, helium 3 compressors 12 are linked to each other with third level stirling-type vascular refrigerator regenerator 11; With a heat bridge 8 second level vascular refrigerator cold head and third level vascular refrigerator regenerator middle part and vascular hot-side heat dissipation device are coupled together at last.
After the assembling of whole refrigeration system finished, open helium 4 compressors, first and second grade vascular refrigerator begins refrigeration, and the cold head temperature begins to descend, and third level vascular refrigerator is carried out precooling; Open helium 3 compressors simultaneously, third level vascular refrigerator begins refrigeration, because its regenerator middle part and vascular hot-side heat dissipation device link to each other with second level vascular refrigerator cold head, so regenerator top drops to and the close temperature of second level vascular refrigerator cold head from room temperature, generally both differ less than 10K, the latter half begins to descend from this medium temperature, until the temperature of the cold head of third level vascular refrigerator.
Claims (4)
1. liquid helium warm area stirling type multi vascular refrigerator that adopts helium 3-helium 4 duplexing matter, it is characterized in that it comprises first order vascular refrigerator, second level vascular refrigerator, third level vascular refrigerator, first, two stage pulse tube refrigerator comprises second level vascular (1), second level phase modulating mechanism (2), first order regenerator (3), helium 4 compressors (4), first order phase modulating mechanism (5), first order vascular (6), second level regenerator (7), third level vascular refrigerator comprises third level vascular (9), third level phase modulating mechanism (10), third level regenerator (11), helium 3 compressors (12), helium 4 compressors (4) are connected with second level regenerator (7) through first order regenerator (3), first order regenerator (3) is through first order vascular refrigerator cold head and first order vascular (6), first order phase modulating mechanism (5) is connected, second level regenerator (7) cold head is connected with second level phase modulating mechanism (2) through second level vascular (1), second level vascular (1) cold head is connected with third level regenerator (11) middle part through heat bridge (8), third level regenerator (11) hot junction is connected with helium 3 compressors (12), third level regenerator (11) cold head is connected with third level vascular (9) cold head, third level vascular (9) hot junction is connected with third level phase modulating mechanism (10), and third level vascular (9) hot junction is connected with third level regenerator (11) middle part through heat bridge.
2. a kind of liquid helium warm area stirling type multi vascular refrigerator that adopts helium 3-helium 4 duplexing matter according to claim 1 is characterized in that described first order vascular refrigerator, second level vascular refrigerator adopt helium 4 to be working medium.
3. a kind of liquid helium warm area stirling type multi vascular refrigerator that adopts helium 3-helium 4 duplexing matter according to claim 1 is characterized in that described third level vascular refrigerator adopts helium 3 to be working medium.
4. a kind of liquid helium warm area stirling type multi vascular refrigerator that adopts helium 3-helium 4 duplexing matter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described first order vascular refrigerator and second level vascular refrigerator both can adopt the mode of gas coupled mode, also can adopt the mode of divergence type.For divergence type, both can distribute by gas to drive with helium 4 compressors, also can drive respectively with two helium 4 compressors.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNU2007201119672U CN201110668Y (en) | 2007-08-03 | 2007-08-03 | Liquid helium warm area stirling type multilevel pulse-tube refrigerator with helium 3 - helium 4 double working substances |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNU2007201119672U CN201110668Y (en) | 2007-08-03 | 2007-08-03 | Liquid helium warm area stirling type multilevel pulse-tube refrigerator with helium 3 - helium 4 double working substances |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN201110668Y true CN201110668Y (en) | 2008-09-03 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNU2007201119672U Expired - Fee Related CN201110668Y (en) | 2007-08-03 | 2007-08-03 | Liquid helium warm area stirling type multilevel pulse-tube refrigerator with helium 3 - helium 4 double working substances |
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| CN (1) | CN201110668Y (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102901263A (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2013-01-30 | 浙江大学 | Multilevel pulse tube refrigerator utilizing acoustic pressure amplifier |
| CN103017395A (en) * | 2013-01-17 | 2013-04-03 | 浙江大学 | Composite multi-stage pulse tube refrigerator working in 1-2K temperature zone |
| CN103075834A (en) * | 2013-01-17 | 2013-05-01 | 浙江大学 | 1-2K composite multistage pulse pipe refrigerating machine for utilizing redundant cold quantity |
| CN103512258A (en) * | 2012-06-19 | 2014-01-15 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Pulse tube refrigerator driven by V-M-type thermocompressor in liquid helium temperature region |
| CN104949401A (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2015-09-30 | 浙江大学 | He-4 regenerator and low temperature refrigerator with the same |
-
2007
- 2007-08-03 CN CNU2007201119672U patent/CN201110668Y/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103512258A (en) * | 2012-06-19 | 2014-01-15 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Pulse tube refrigerator driven by V-M-type thermocompressor in liquid helium temperature region |
| CN103512258B (en) * | 2012-06-19 | 2015-07-08 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Pulse tube refrigerator driven by V-M-type thermocompressor in liquid helium temperature region |
| CN102901263A (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2013-01-30 | 浙江大学 | Multilevel pulse tube refrigerator utilizing acoustic pressure amplifier |
| CN103017395A (en) * | 2013-01-17 | 2013-04-03 | 浙江大学 | Composite multi-stage pulse tube refrigerator working in 1-2K temperature zone |
| CN103075834A (en) * | 2013-01-17 | 2013-05-01 | 浙江大学 | 1-2K composite multistage pulse pipe refrigerating machine for utilizing redundant cold quantity |
| CN103017395B (en) * | 2013-01-17 | 2014-11-05 | 浙江大学 | Composite multi-stage pulse tube refrigerator working in 1-2K temperature zone |
| CN103075834B (en) * | 2013-01-17 | 2015-02-25 | 浙江大学 | 1-2K composite multistage pulse pipe refrigerating machine for utilizing redundant cold quantity |
| CN104949401A (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2015-09-30 | 浙江大学 | He-4 regenerator and low temperature refrigerator with the same |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20080903 Termination date: 20120803 |