CN101098113A - Plane grid two-dimensional sun-tracing photovoltaic generator - Google Patents
Plane grid two-dimensional sun-tracing photovoltaic generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN101098113A CN101098113A CNA2006100881777A CN200610088177A CN101098113A CN 101098113 A CN101098113 A CN 101098113A CN A2006100881777 A CNA2006100881777 A CN A2006100881777A CN 200610088177 A CN200610088177 A CN 200610088177A CN 101098113 A CN101098113 A CN 101098113A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
- F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
- F24S30/45—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with two rotation axes
- F24S30/452—Vertical primary axis
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
- F24S2030/10—Special components
- F24S2030/14—Movement guiding means
- F24S2030/145—Tracks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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Abstract
The invention provides a photovoltaic generator of plane network support two-dimension sun track, belonging to the technical field of solar-energy photovoltaic generation. The invention comprises a solar-energy photovoltaic generator and a sun tracker, wherein the sun tracker is a two-dimension track device, which comprises a horizontal rotary support, an inclined swing support, a vertical fixed shaft, a horizontal shaft, a sun direction track driver, and a sun altitude angle track driver. The solar-energy photovoltaic generator can be provided with a condenser and a self heat radiation in disc or groove shape while a plurality of photovoltaic generators are mounted on a plane network support of the inclined swing support. The horizontal rotary support rotates around the vertical fixed shaft. The inclined swing support rotates around the horizontal shaft. Therefore, the normal line of the photoelectric battery plate of the solar-energy photovoltaic generator is toward sun all the time. The invention has stable structure, small drive force, multiple load of elements, saved track cost, improved condense ratio caused by the utilization of condenser and self heat radiator, and improved generating efficiency.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the field of solar energy power generating, especially relate to the follower of solar energy photovoltaic the sun.
Background technology:
The photovoltaic generation method of present solar energy, generally be to allow sunlight be incident upon on the flat-plate type solar cell plate of fixed angle, employed photocell mainly is monocrystalline silicon and polysilicon semiconductor material, generating efficiency be about projection solar radiation power 14～16%.The photovoltaic generation that the photocell of multilayer P-N knot can be done focus type uses, but too expensive, so just a small amount of the use.The greatest problem of solar energy power generating is that the Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) investment is too high, and cost of electricity-generating is too expensive.Its reason mainly is: the photocell cost is very expensive, and its photoelectric conversion efficiency is not high, makes the photocell utilance too low.
The low reason of photocell utilance of existing dull and stereotyped photovoltaic generation method except that because of rain or shine natural cause influences round the clock, mainly is the loss that the cosine effect of photovoltaic cell module incident on-right angle is caused because of solar rays technically.Solar rays is to change between 0～180 ° to the incidence angle of the east-west direction of photovoltaic cell module in one day, because of the generating efficiency only about 0.7～0.8 of cosine effect photovoltaic cell module; The elevation angle at sun high noon is changed to 47 ° in 1 year, and photovoltaic cell module is installed in the position that is averaged the elevation angle at high noon, and average annual north-south is about 0.97 because of the generating efficiency of cosine effect.Also having another major reason is that photocell is subjected to luminous intensity low.Because the working temperature rising of silicon photocell can make generating efficiency descend, and the heat-sinking capability deficiency of present photovoltaic power generation apparatus, so silicon photocell is difficult to go to improve irradiation density with the method for optically focused, even use the method for optically focused, the optically focused multiplying power is not high yet.
Solar energy power generating or photo-thermal power generation system for light-focusing type generally all relate to solar tracking system, the tower type solar electricity generation system is to adopt the two-dimensional tracking control that has nothing in common with each other to tens thousand of reflector plates, the reverberation that makes them is the hot receiver on the high tower of secured in alignment all, and control system is very complicated.The dish electricity generation system is direct sunlight is reflected and to be focused on the hot receiver or photocell sheet of focal area with the speculum of paraboloidal, it also must carry out two-dimensional tracking to single dish-shaped speculum electricity generation system, the general tracking mode of shaking the head that adopts parabola antenna, control system is also remarkable.At present the tracking means cost that adopts is very expensive, and the cost of traditional one dimension tracking means is 30% of photovoltaic system approximately, two-dimensional tracking be about 70%, so the photovoltaic generating system of general low range optically focused adopts traditional tracking not have economic benefit.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention proposes a kind of device of photovoltaic generation of two-dimensional sun-tracing, it is big to have bearing capacity, actuating force is little, the tracking driving mechanism is simple, can overcome the deficiency of existing photovoltaic generation scheme, increase substantially the photocell utilance of device of solar generating, thereby reduce cost for solar power generation significantly.
A kind of photovoltaic power generation apparatus of plane grid two-dimensional sun-tracing includes solar energy photovoltaic and solar tracking mechanism, and solar energy photovoltaic is installed in the solar tracking mechanism; It is characterized in that: described solar tracking mechanism is a two-dimensional tracking mechanism, comprise the horizontal plane swinging mounting, support is shaken on the inclined plane, vertical fixed shafts, trunnion axis, the solar azimuth tracking driver, sun altitude tracking driver, solar azimuth tracking illumination electric explorer and sun altitude tracking illumination electric explorer; The horizontal plane swinging mounting is made up of vertical sleeve, planar bracket and planar bracket roller; The vertical sleeve jacket casing vertical fixed shafts, the planar bracket roller is contained in below the planar bracket, track at basic plane rolls, and the planar bracket roller is ordered about by the solar azimuth tracking driver and rotates and the control rotating speed, drives the horizontal plane swinging mounting and rotates around vertical fixed shafts; The main body that support is shaken on the inclined plane is a plane grid, and solar energy photovoltaic is installed on the plane grid; Shake on the inclined plane that symmetry is equipped with two axle sleeves on the frame of support, axle sleeve is enclosed within on the trunnion axis, and the head motion that support is shaken on the inclined plane is ordered about by the sun altitude tracking driver and rotates and the control rotating speed, drives the inclined plane and shakes support and rotate around trunnion axis; The horizontal plane swinging mounting is followed the tracks of solar azimuth around the rotation of vertical fixed shafts, the inclined plane shake support around trunnion axis shake the tracking sun altitude, make the normal of the photovoltaic cell module face of solar energy photovoltaic point to the sun all the time; Solar azimuth tracking illumination electric explorer is installed on the horizontal plane swinging mounting, and sun altitude tracking illumination electric explorer is installed in the inclined plane and shakes on the support.
A kind of mode that the head motion at support change inclination angle is shaken on described drive inclined plane is, the both sides of horizontal plane swinging mounting are equipped with vertical rack, trunnion axis is installed on the bearing pedestal of vertical rack, and trunnion axis and axle sleeve are positioned at the center of gravity place that support is shaken on the inclined plane; The frame lower end of shaking support on the inclined plane is equipped with and is shaken roller, on planar bracket, install the center of circle in the axle center of trunnion axis, axle center that radius equals trunnion axis is to the arc orbit that shakes roller periphery far point distance, shake roller and on arc orbit, rotate, order about by the sun altitude tracking driver and rotate and the control rotating speed; Another kind of mode is, the mounting strap tooth shakes roller on planar bracket, the frame lower end of shaking support on the inclined plane is fixed with the band tooth arc orbit of the center of circle in the axle center of trunnion axis, be connected on the axle sleeve that shakes support by spoke, be with tooth arc orbit and band tooth to shake the roller engagement and rotate, order about rotation and control rotating speed by the sun altitude tracking driver that is installed on the planar bracket.
Another mode that the head motion at support change inclination angle is shaken on described drive inclined plane is, far-end from vertical fixed shafts on the planar bracket is provided with bearing pedestal, trunnion axis moves down into and is installed on the bearing pedestal, and the axle sleeve that support is shaken on the inclined plane also moves on to the lower end of frame; The frame middle and upper part that support is shaken on the inclined plane is symmetrically arranged with two and goes up to rotate and pay, link to each other separately with an end of a pair of rocking bar, the other end of rocking bar connects a transverse axis through rotating down to pay, transverse axis is connected with a slide block again, slide block moves on rectilinear orbit, slide block is that nut, rectilinear orbit are screw rod, and slide block is driven by the screw rod that rotates and moves along straight line, and the rotation of screw rod is ordered about by the sun altitude tracking driver again and rotated and the control rotating speed; Screw rod and sun altitude tracking driver are installed on the chassis of being fixed in the planar bracket on the vertical sleeve.
The end face that support is shaken on described inclined plane has euphotic cover plate, and solar energy photovoltaic is housed under the euphotic cover plate.
Described solar energy photovoltaic is the solar energy power generating collector, and this collector is dish or flute profile; Shake on the support on an inclined plane and can arrange at least 2 above energy photovoltaics simultaneously.
Described solar energy power generating collector includes full-reflection spotlight device, secondary reflection plate, photocell and radiator; The metal sheet surface polishing that described full-reflection spotlight device is a curved surface shaped is as reflecting surface, and the full-reflection spotlight device is concentrated the reflection of the direct projection ray of solar radiation and is incident upon on the secondary reflection plate; The secondary reflection plate is the speculum of curved surface, its convex surface is relative with the concave surface of full-reflection spotlight device, before being arranged in the focus of full-reflection spotlight device, the focal line of its focal line and full-reflection spotlight device overlaps, and the solar radiation bundle of secondary reflection is projected on the photocell that is arranged in full-reflection spotlight device centre; The photocell back side is bonded with the metal heat-conducting plate of surface insulation layer, and the additional heat plate with metal together fixes to clamp the metallic plate of full-reflection spotlight device betwixt again, and heat-conducting plate, additional heat plate and full-reflection spotlight device constitute radiator jointly; The back side of the outer surface of additional heat plate and full-reflection spotlight device scribbles the heat radiation coating; Photocell is converted to electric energy output to the part of the solar radiant energy that receives, and remaining is converted into heat energy and spreads out of by radiator.
The first-selected parabolic surface of the curve form of described full-reflection spotlight device and secondary reflection plate, the inferior hyperbola curved surface that selects; First-selected monocrystalline silicon of described photocell or polysilicon photocell.
The reflection and transmission mirror that described secondary reflection plate is a curved surface, its spectrum of reflected light scope and photronic suitable spectral region are complementary, and wavelength is 0.4～1.1 μ m, and remaining solar radiation Shu Ze sees through the secondary reflection plate.
Perhaps, described solar energy power generating collector also can be to comprise Fresnel condenser, reflecting plate, photocell, radiator, and the Fresnel condenser is arranged in end face, and photocell is arranged in the bottom surface; Reflecting plate is made up of the metallic plate of two compound parabolic, is arranged in the both sides between Fresnel condenser and the photocell; The polishing of the concave surface of reflecting plate, can with through Fresnel condenser optically focused but the solar rays that drops on beyond the photovoltaic cell module reflex on the photovoltaic cell module; The photocell back side is bonded with the metal heat-conducting plate of surface insulation layer, and the additional heat plate with metal together fixes to clamp reflecting plate betwixt again, and heat-conducting plate, additional heat plate and reflecting plate constitute radiator jointly; The outer surface of additional heat plate and the convex surface of reflecting plate scribble the heat radiation coating.
Because the structural stability of plane grid two-dimensional sun-tracing mode of the present invention is good, actuating force is little, and trace routine is easy to utilize existing astronomic knowledge, can concentrate on the device by a plurality of energy photovoltaic assemblies, has saved the tracking cost greatly; And owing to adopted two-dimensional tracking to make photovoltaic cell module overcome solar rays cosine effect loss, even be applied on the simple flat plate formula solar panel, day light utilization efficiency or generating efficiency also can on average improve 20%.In addition, just can adopt two-dimentional radiating mode and two-dimentional beam condensing unit after adopting method of the present invention, increase the optically focused ratio, further reduce cost.
The present invention adopt from cooling measure, utilize the heat-conducting plate at the photocell back side, the heat delivered of photocell generation is given the metallic plate and the additional heat plate of full-reflection spotlight device, perhaps be transferred to metallic reflection plate and additional heat plate with Fresnel condenser adapted, through metal heat-conducting, heat radiation coating radiation and natural convection air heat is distributed to air and environment again, especially dexterously utilized the large-area full-reflection spotlight device or the reflecting plate back side to carry out heat loss through radiation, very strong heat radiation regulating power has been arranged; In addition, when with the radiation of the secondary reflection plate battery operated wave band of reverberation of full-reflection spotlight device adapted, can flow away the unavailable solar energy branch of a part of photocell, just further reduce the heat that photocell produces.These make the optically focused ratio of the photovoltaic power generation apparatus of one dimension concentrator can reach 20～25 from cooling measure, the optically focused ratio of two-dimentional concentrator can reach 30～40, actual optically focused Du Keda 35, and the working temperature of photovoltaic cell module is no more than 85 ℃.
Because the costing an arm and a leg of photovoltaic cell module, far above the price of miscellaneous part in the device, thereby the raising of its efficient will help the increasing substantially of cost performance of entire equipment system.And heat loss through radiation and frequency division heat conduction also provide cost savings greatly, and primary Calculation utilizes the direct generation of electricity cost of the inventive method to reduce investment outlay about 10～15 times than ordinary flat photovoltaic cell module electricity-generating method.
Though the present invention does not utilize the waste heat behind the solar power generation, in the solar power plant, the waste heat that produces on the photovoltaic cell module is available nowhere, must distribute away.Though the heat behind the secondary reflection backboard can manage to be recovered to 150～280 ℃ heat, but increased the structural complexity of two-dimension tracing apparatus, and must there be heat to change the servicing unit of electricity, thus would rather give up, and be recompensed by increasing the optically focused ratio and overcoming cosine losses.
Therefore, adopt above-mentioned measure after, electromotive power output can improve 20～30 times on the unit are photovoltaic cell module, can reduce the cost of solar power generation significantly.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 be embodiments of the invention 1 (inclined plane shake support by shake roller drive along arc orbit move, dish-shaped solar energy photovoltaic) the structural representation front view.
Fig. 2 is the right view of the embodiment of the invention 1.
Fig. 3 is the section plan view of the embodiment of the invention 1 at the A-A place.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation front view of the embodiment of the invention 2 (inclined plane is shaken support and driven and be with tooth to shake the roller gear motion by band tooth arc orbit).
Fig. 5 be the embodiment of the invention 3 (inclined plane shake support by slide block drive along rectilinear orbit move, the flute profile solar energy photovoltaic) the structural representation front view.
Fig. 6 is the right view of the embodiment of the invention 3.
The principle and the structural representation of the solar energy power generating collector that constitutes by full-reflection spotlight device, secondary reflection plate etc. that Fig. 7 is among the present invention to be adopted.
The structural representation of the solar energy power generating collector that constitutes by Fresnel condenser etc. that Fig. 8 is among the present invention to be adopted.
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, further specify the present invention.But the present invention is not limited to this.
The structural relation of embodiment 1 and operation principle are by Fig. 1,2,3 illustrated together.
The device of embodiment 1 mainly includes solar energy photovoltaic 1 and two-dimensional tracking mechanism.Wherein the simplest solar energy photovoltaic is exactly the flat-plate type solar cell plate; Described two-dimensional tracking mechanism is by horizontal plane swinging mounting 2, and support 3 is shaken on the inclined plane, vertical fixed shafts 4, trunnion axis 5, compositions such as solar azimuth tracking driver 6 and sun altitude tracking driver 7; Vertical fixed shafts 4 is the basis of whole device, and horizontal plane swinging mounting 2 is driven around vertical fixed shafts 4 by solar azimuth tracking driver 6 and rotates; Support 3 is shaken on the inclined plane and trunnion axis 5 is contained on the horizontal plane swinging mounting 2, and 1 of solar energy photovoltaic is contained in the inclined plane and shakes on the support 3, and the inclined plane is shaken support 3 and driven around trunnion axis 5 rotations by sun altitude tracking driver 7.
Fig. 1 is the front view of device, and solar rays is mapped to the front that support 3 is shaken on the inclined plane from the right of Fig. 1, and it is identical with the photovoltaic cell module front face normal will direction of device that the front of support is shaken on the inclined plane; Vertical fixed shafts 4 is fixedly mounted on the basic plane (for example level ground), and horizontal plane swinging mounting 2 is made up of vertical sleeve 2a, planar bracket 2b and planar bracket roller 2c; Vertical sleeve 2a is overlapping vertical fixed shafts 4, planar bracket roller 2c is contained in below the planar bracket 2b, track in the level ground rolls, and the planar bracket roller is ordered about by solar azimuth tracking driver 6 and rotates and the control rotating speed, drives horizontal plane swinging mounting 2 and rotates around vertical fixed shafts 4; Solar azimuth tracking driver 6 is contained on the planar bracket 2b, include motor 6a and worm and gear reduction gear component, the control assembly of solar azimuth tracking driver 6 is the trace routine of using always in the astronomical observation system of solar azimuth tracking illumination electric explorer 6b and setting; In conjunction with Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, can see that trunnion axis 5 is installed on the bearing pedestal 2e of leg-of-mutton vertical rack 2d of horizontal plane swinging mounting 2 both sides; Can see that also it is the plane grid structure that the main body of support 3 is shaken on the inclined plane, is equipped with several solar energy photovoltaics 1 on the plane grid 3a; Remove for inconvenience after preventing dirt accumulation, the plane grid 3a end face that can shake support 3 on the inclined plane is provided with euphotic cover plate 15 (for example glass or plastics), and solar energy photovoltaic is covered under the euphotic cover plate; Shake the center of support 3 frames on the inclined plane, be preferably in the inclined plane and shake the center of gravity place of support, symmetry is equipped with two axle sleeve 3b, axle sleeve is enclosed within on the trunnion axis 5, the inclination angle change that support 3 is shaken on the inclined plane utilizes the roller 3c that shakes that is contained in its frame lower end to rotate realization on arc orbit 3d, arc orbit 3d is fixed on the planar bracket 2b, and its center of circle is the axle center of trunnion axis 5, and radius of curvature is that the axle center of trunnion axis 5 is to the radial distance that shakes roller 3c wheel periphery lower edge; Shake roller 3c and order about rotation and control rotating speed by sun altitude tracking driver 7, sun altitude tracking driver 7 also includes motor and worm and gear reduction gear component, the control assembly of sun altitude tracking driver 7 is the trace routine of using always in the astronomical observation system of sun altitude tracking illumination electric explorer 7b and setting, is installed in the inclined plane and shakes on the support 3; Whole device is rotated around the East and West direction of vertical fixed shafts 4 by horizontal plane swinging mounting 2 and follows the tracks of solar azimuth, by the inclined plane shake support 3 around trunnion axis 5 shake the tracking sun altitude, make the normal of the photovoltaic cell module face of solar energy photovoltaic 1 point to the sun all the time.
The structural relation of embodiment 2 is illustrated by Fig. 4.
The device of embodiment 2 has only sub-fraction different with the device of embodiment 1, and promptly the head motion difference of support 3 is shaken on the inclined plane, and remainder is all identical.As shown in the figure, being contained in band tooth on the planar bracket 2b shakes roller 3e and drives the rotation that is contained in the band tooth arc orbit 3f that shakes support 3 frame lower ends with its engagement, the center of circle of band tooth arc orbit 3f is the axle center of trunnion axis 5, radius of curvature is roller 3e wheel periphery upper limb is shaken in the axle center of trunnion axis 5 to the band tooth a radial distance, be connected on the axle sleeve 3b that shakes support 3 by spoke 3g, the band tooth shakes roller 3e and orders about rotation and control rotating speed by sun altitude tracking driver 7.At this moment sun altitude tracking driver 7 also will be installed on the planar bracket 2b, and sun altitude tracking illumination electric explorer 7b remains to be installed in and shakes on the support 3.
The structural relation of embodiment 3 is by Fig. 5, Fig. 6 explanation.
The device difference of the device of embodiment 3 and embodiment 1,2 is: the mode that the head motion at support 3 change inclination angles is shaken on this device drive inclined plane is, the axle sleeve 3b that support 3 is shaken on the inclined plane moves on to the lower end of frame, trunnion axis 5 also moves down on the bearing pedestal 2e that is installed in horizontal plane swinging mounting 2, and bearing pedestal 2e is positioned at the last far-end from vertical fixed shafts 4 of planar bracket 2b; The frame middle and upper part that support 3 is shaken on the inclined plane is symmetrically arranged with two upward rotation pair 8e, link to each other separately with the end of a pair of rocking bar 8a, the other end of rocking bar 8a connects a transverse axis 8b through rotating down to pay, transverse axis is connected with a slide block 8c again, slide block moves on rectilinear orbit, slide block is that nut, rectilinear orbit are screw rod, and slide block is driven by the screw rod 8d that rotates and moves along straight line, and the rotation of screw rod 8d is ordered about by sun altitude tracking driver 7 again and rotated and the control rotating speed.At this moment screw rod 8d and sun altitude tracking driver 7 are installed on the chassis 8f that is fixed on the vertical sleeve 2a, and sun altitude tracking illumination electric explorer 7b remains to be installed in and shakes on the support 3.
Because the plane grid two-dimensional sun-tracing method that the present invention adopts makes control system very simple, planar bracket is support with ground, and bearing capacity is very big; Can be on the plane grid with the solar energy photovoltaic of a lot of light-focusing types of fashionable dress, and driving mechanism all is installed in away from the rotation axis place, rotating torque greatly, only needs very little actuating force, save the cost of tracker greatly, accommodate and use the solar energy power generating of light-focusing type to create condition; If adopt two-dimentional beam condensing unit in addition, and increase, just can increase the optically focused ratio, further reduce cost from the effect of dispelling the heat.Therefore, solar energy photovoltaic of the present invention can preferentially adopt the form of solar energy power generating collector, especially dish-shaped collector; Then more no problem for the flute profile collector.
Fig. 7, Fig. 8 have provided the structural relation schematic diagram of solar energy power generating collector of the present invention.
Dish-shaped solar energy photovoltaic with a unit is example (shown in the figure frame of broken lines).A kind of solar energy power generating collector of the present invention includes full-reflection spotlight device 11, secondary reflection plate 12, photocell 13, radiator 14 devices such as grade; Described full-reflection spotlight device 11 be parabola shaped camber reflection concentrator (also the parabolic surface of available correction substitutes: the parabolic surface of described correction be near the curvature of center greater than parabolical curvature, by the curvature of edge less than parabolical curvature; Perhaps select the hyperbola curved surface for use), with metallic plate (for example aluminium sheet) press forming, be fixedly mounted on the inclined plane and shake on the plane grid 3a of support 3, the concave surface of polishing is as reflecting surface; The convex surface of full-reflection spotlight device scribbles the heat radiation coating that sunlight is had reflection and dispels the heat good, as the radiating surface of radiator 14; Photocell 13 is arranged in the center, summit of parabola shaped full-reflection spotlight device; Secondary reflection plate 12 is the speculum of curved surface, be arranged in the focus of full-reflection spotlight device before, the focus of its focus and full-reflection spotlight device overlap (during actual installation, as long as deviation be no more than secondary reflection plate focal length 1/4 can); The convex surface of secondary reflection plate is a reflecting surface, in the face of the concave surface of full-reflection spotlight device 11 and the front of photocell 13, the curved surface of curve form and full-reflection spotlight device adapt (described " adapting " be exactly both curve form the solar radiation bundle of secondary reflection is projected be arranged on the photocell of full-reflection spotlight device centre); The solar rays that is projected on the secondary reflection plate by the reflection of full-reflection spotlight device is reflexed on the photocell 13 again; Secondary reflection plate 12 can adopt quoit to shake plane grid 3a on the support 3 by the inclined plane and be supported on the position that sets or directly its concave surface flange is bonded on the euphotic cover plate 15; Described radiator 14 is a kind of autoradiolysis convector radiators, it comprises the heat-conducting plate 14a of the surface insulation that is bonded in photocell 13 back sides, forms radiator jointly with full-reflection spotlight device 11 (being parabola shaped aluminium sheet) and the additional heat plate 14c that heat-conducting plate is closely fixedlyed connected; There is the aluminium sheet of anodised dielectric film on the first-selected surface of heat-conducting plate 14a, and full-reflection spotlight device 11 back sides scribble heat radiation coating 14b, and the surface of additional heat plate 14c also can scribble heat radiation coating 14b; After the heat that photocell produces is passed to the aluminium sheet 11 and additional heat plate 14c of the heat-conducting plate 14a at its back side and parabola face by heat conduction, go from being dispersed in environment and the air with the mode of radiation and convection current by the back side of aluminium sheet 11 and the surface of additional heat plate again, need not the water cooling circulation.
The full-reflection spotlight device can be selected the two-dimentional reflecting condenser (for example accompanying drawing 2) of dish for use, also can select the one dimension reflecting condenser (for example accompanying drawing 6) of flute profile for use; The ratio of the aperture area of reflecting surface and the area of photovoltaic cell module, promptly the concentrated ratio of concentrator is chosen at 35; Reflecting surface is with aluminium sheet 11a press forming, the concave surface polishing is as reflecting surface, reflectivity reaches about 0.85, anti-oxidation silicon dioxide protective film is coated on the polished aluminum surface, the back side of aluminium sheet scribbles heat radiation coating 14b, for example argenteous alumin(i)um paint, or be mixed with the white paint of titanium dioxide, or nitro is pitch-dark, and the far infrared transmissivity of these lacquers is up to 0.92～0.96; Concentrator front reflected sunlight, the back side are radiator, dual-use material.
Described secondary reflection plate 12 can also be selected the reflection and transmission mirror for use, it is exactly the spectral reflectance that makes some wave band commonly used in the optical system and make the minute surface of the spectral transmission of some wave band, normally being coated with optionally multilayer dielectric reflective coating on transparent glass or plastic basis material surface and realizing required reflection or transmission peak wavelength scope, is the mature technology in the optical field.Because the wavelength of solar radiation is an entire spectrum, and the wave-length coverage of monocrystalline silicon or the available solar radiation of polycrystal silicon cell plate is at 0.4～1.1 μ m, thereby the selectivity multilayer dielectric reflective coating 2a that is plated on secondary reflection plate 2 preferably can make light of its reflection 0.4～1.1 mum wavelength scope and see through the light radiation of other wavelength, the unavailable a part of solar energy transmission shunting of photocell, the effective optical radiation beam that makes the radiation frequency scope be fit to the photocell generating reflexes on the photocell 3, and see through remaining thermal radiation bundle (for monocrystalline silicon or polysilicon photocell, effectively optical radiation beam should be selected between wavelength 0.4～1.1 μ m, certainly, add man-hour in actual design, because material, the influence of factors such as technology, the scope of this usable reflection spectrum can fluctuate to some extent).If directly utilize the reflectance coating of the present conventional suitable visible-range (scope that is reflectance spectrum is 0.4～0.8 μ m) that uses also passable.What adopt among the embodiment is with SiO
2As low-index material, with Nb
2O
5As the multilayer dielectric reflective coating that high-index material is formed, can realize the reflection of light to the 1100nm wave band to 400nm, average reflectance reaches 90%.
Photocell 13 can be selected monocrystalline silicon or polycrystal silicon cell plate for use, uses GaAs (GaAs), gallium antimonide (GaSb) etc. more no problem.Embodiment is 16 model STP125E/S1, the monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic cell module that dimensions φ is 125 millimeters; For the one dimension reflecting condenser of flute profile, then the monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic cell module of 125 millimeters * 125 millimeters of dimensionss can be composed in series the photocell lath.
The stroke of sun light path is: sunray passes on the reflecting surface that euphotic cover plate 15 shines the full-reflection spotlight device, diffuse light impinges upon on the photovoltaic cell module, the full-reflection spotlight device is the direct sunlight radiation that is parallel to optical axis, concentrate 35 times of reflections to be incident upon on the secondary reflection plate, the convex surface antireflection part of secondary reflection plate is applicable to the incident radiation of photovoltaic cell module, and secondary reflection light is radiated on the photovoltaic cell module with the direction that is parallel to optical axis again; When the wave-length coverage that is reflected on the secondary reflection plate is 0.4～1.1 μ m, concentrated 14% the radiant energy of 26% and sky diffusion radiation of the direct solar radiation of wave-length coverage 0.4～1.1 μ m to be converted into electric energy on the photovoltaic cell module, in addition be converted into low temperature heat energy by the radiator 14 at the photocell back side by radiation and free convection, be dispersed in environment and the air and go.
The solar energy power generating collector that the present invention can also adopt the Fresnel condenser to constitute, Fig. 8 illustrates the structural representation of the solar energy power generating collector of the Fresnel condenser that apparatus of the present invention use, and the two-dimension tracing apparatus of whole device can be adopted any of first three embodiment.As shown in Figure 8, the solar energy power generating collector is by Fresnel condenser 16, reflecting plate 17, and photocell 13, radiator 14 devices such as grade are formed; Fresnel condenser 16 is arranged in end face, and photocell 13 is arranged in the bottom surface, and reflecting plate 17 is made up of two compound parabolic aluminium sheets, is arranged in the both sides between Fresnel condenser and the photocell, is fixedly mounted on the inclined plane and shakes on the plane grid 3a of support 3; The Fresnel condenser is the lens of plastics or glass, with solar rays optically focused on photovoltaic cell module; The polishing of the concave surface of reflecting plate, can with by Fresnel condenser optically focused but the solar rays that drops on beyond the photovoltaic cell module reflexes on the photovoltaic cell module again; The back side of photovoltaic cell module sticks on the heat-conducting plate of surface insulation, and heat-conducting plate fixes to clamp reflecting plate between them with the additional heat plate; There is the aluminium sheet of anodised dielectric film on the first-selected surface of heat-conducting plate, the convex surface of reflecting plate scribbles the main radiating surface of heat radiation coating as radiator 14, the surface of additional heat plate also can scribble the heat radiation coating, heat-conducting plate, reflecting plate and the acting in conjunction of additional heat plate are distributed the heat of photovoltaic cell module to environment as radiator.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of photovoltaic power generation apparatus of plane grid two-dimensional sun-tracing includes solar energy photovoltaic and solar tracking mechanism, and solar energy photovoltaic is installed in the solar tracking mechanism; It is characterized in that: described solar tracking mechanism is a two-dimensional tracking mechanism, comprise the horizontal plane swinging mounting, support is shaken on the inclined plane, vertical fixed shafts, trunnion axis, the solar azimuth tracking driver, sun altitude tracking driver, solar azimuth tracking illumination electric explorer and sun altitude tracking illumination electric explorer; The horizontal plane swinging mounting is made up of vertical sleeve, planar bracket and planar bracket roller; The vertical sleeve jacket casing vertical fixed shafts, the planar bracket roller is contained in below the planar bracket, track at basic plane rolls, and the planar bracket roller is ordered about by the solar azimuth tracking driver and rotates and the control rotating speed, drives the horizontal plane swinging mounting and rotates around vertical fixed shafts; The main body that support is shaken on the inclined plane is a plane grid, and solar energy photovoltaic is installed on the plane grid; Shake on the inclined plane that symmetry is equipped with two axle sleeves on the frame of support, axle sleeve is enclosed within on the trunnion axis, and the head motion that support is shaken on the inclined plane is ordered about by the sun altitude tracking driver and rotates and the control rotating speed, drives the inclined plane and shakes support and rotate around trunnion axis; The horizontal plane swinging mounting is followed the tracks of solar azimuth around the rotation of vertical fixed shafts, the inclined plane shake support around trunnion axis shake the tracking sun altitude, make the normal of the photovoltaic cell module face of solar energy photovoltaic point to the sun all the time; Solar azimuth tracking illumination electric explorer is installed on the horizontal plane swinging mounting, and sun altitude tracking illumination electric explorer is installed in the inclined plane and shakes on the support.
2, the photovoltaic power generation apparatus of plane grid two-dimensional sun-tracing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the both sides of described horizontal plane swinging mounting are equipped with vertical rack, trunnion axis is installed on the bearing pedestal of vertical rack, and trunnion axis and axle sleeve are positioned at the center of gravity place that support is shaken on the inclined plane; The frame lower end of shaking support on the inclined plane is equipped with and is shaken roller, on planar bracket, install the center of circle in the axle center of trunnion axis, axle center that radius equals trunnion axis is to the arc orbit that shakes roller periphery far point distance, shake roller and on arc orbit, rotate, order about by the sun altitude tracking driver and rotate and the control rotating speed.
3, the photovoltaic power generation apparatus of plane grid two-dimensional sun-tracing as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: the mounting strap tooth shakes roller on described planar bracket, the frame lower end of shaking support on the inclined plane is fixed with the band tooth arc orbit of the center of circle in the axle center of trunnion axis, be connected on the axle sleeve that shakes support by spoke, be with tooth arc orbit and band tooth to shake the roller engagement and rotate, order about rotation and control rotating speed by the sun altitude tracking driver that is installed on the planar bracket.
4, the photovoltaic power generation apparatus of plane grid two-dimensional sun-tracing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the far-end from vertical fixed shafts on the described planar bracket is provided with bearing pedestal, trunnion axis moves down into and is installed on the bearing pedestal, and the axle sleeve that support is shaken on the inclined plane also moves on to the lower end of frame; The frame middle and upper part that support is shaken on the inclined plane is symmetrically arranged with two and goes up to rotate and pay, link to each other separately with an end of a pair of rocking bar, the other end of rocking bar connects a transverse axis through rotating down to pay, transverse axis is connected with a slide block again, slide block moves on rectilinear orbit, slide block is that nut, rectilinear orbit are screw rod, and slide block is driven by the screw rod that rotates and moves along straight line, and the rotation of screw rod is ordered about by the sun altitude tracking driver again and rotated and the control rotating speed; Screw rod and sun altitude tracking driver are installed on the chassis of being fixed in the planar bracket on the vertical sleeve.
5, the photovoltaic power generation apparatus of plane grid two-dimensional sun-tracing as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the end face that support is shaken on described inclined plane has euphotic cover plate, and solar energy photovoltaic is housed under the euphotic cover plate.
6, the photovoltaic power generation apparatus of plane grid two-dimensional sun-tracing as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described solar energy photovoltaic is the solar energy power generating collector, and this collector is dish or flute profile; Shake on the support on an inclined plane and can arrange at least 2 above energy photovoltaics simultaneously.
7, the photovoltaic power generation apparatus of plane grid two-dimensional sun-tracing as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: described solar energy power generating collector includes full-reflection spotlight device, secondary reflection plate, photocell and radiator; The metal sheet surface polishing that described full-reflection spotlight device is a curved surface shaped is as reflecting surface, and the full-reflection spotlight device is concentrated the reflection of the direct projection ray of solar radiation and is incident upon on the secondary reflection plate; The secondary reflection plate is the speculum of curved surface, its convex surface is relative with the concave surface of full-reflection spotlight device, before being arranged in the focus of full-reflection spotlight device, the focal line of its focal line and full-reflection spotlight device overlaps, and the solar radiation bundle of secondary reflection is projected on the photocell that is arranged in full-reflection spotlight device centre; The photocell back side is bonded with the metal heat-conducting plate of surface insulation layer, and the additional heat plate with metal together fixes to clamp the metallic plate of full-reflection spotlight device betwixt again, and heat-conducting plate, additional heat plate and full-reflection spotlight device constitute radiator jointly; The back side of the outer surface of additional heat plate and full-reflection spotlight device scribbles the heat radiation coating; Photocell is converted to electric energy output to the part of the solar radiant energy that receives, and remaining is converted into heat energy and spreads out of by radiator.
8, the photovoltaic power generation apparatus of plane grid two-dimensional sun-tracing as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that: the first-selected parabolic surface of the curve form of described full-reflection spotlight device and secondary reflection plate, the inferior hyperbola curved surface that selects; First-selected monocrystalline silicon of described photocell or polysilicon photocell.
9, the photovoltaic power generation apparatus of plane grid two-dimensional sun-tracing as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that: the reflection and transmission mirror that described secondary reflection plate is a curved surface, its spectrum of reflected light scope and photronic suitable spectral region are complementary, wavelength is 0.4～1.1 μ m, and remaining solar radiation bundle sees through the secondary reflection plate.
10, the photovoltaic power generation apparatus of plane grid two-dimensional sun-tracing as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: described solar energy power generating collector comprises Fresnel condenser, reflecting plate, photocell, radiator, the Fresnel condenser is arranged in end face, and photocell is arranged in the bottom surface; Reflecting plate is made up of the metallic plate of two compound parabolic, is arranged in the both sides between Fresnel condenser and the photocell; The polishing of the concave surface of reflecting plate, can with through Fresnel condenser optically focused but the solar rays that drops on beyond the photovoltaic cell module reflex on the photovoltaic cell module; The photocell back side is bonded with the metal heat-conducting plate of surface insulation layer, and the additional heat plate with metal fixes to clamp reflecting plate betwixt again, and heat-conducting plate, additional heat plate and reflecting plate constitute radiator jointly; The outer surface of additional heat plate and the convex surface of reflecting plate scribble the heat radiation coating.
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| CNA2006100881777A CN101098113A (en) | 2006-06-29 | 2006-06-29 | Plane grid two-dimensional sun-tracing photovoltaic generator |
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| CNA2006100881777A CN101098113A (en) | 2006-06-29 | 2006-06-29 | Plane grid two-dimensional sun-tracing photovoltaic generator |
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| CN101098113A true CN101098113A (en) | 2008-01-02 |
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| CNA2006100881777A Pending CN101098113A (en) | 2006-06-29 | 2006-06-29 | Plane grid two-dimensional sun-tracing photovoltaic generator |
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