CN101098112A - Self-radiation solar energy accumulation type photovoltaic generator - Google Patents
Self-radiation solar energy accumulation type photovoltaic generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN101098112A CN101098112A CNA2006100881762A CN200610088176A CN101098112A CN 101098112 A CN101098112 A CN 101098112A CN A2006100881762 A CNA2006100881762 A CN A2006100881762A CN 200610088176 A CN200610088176 A CN 200610088176A CN 101098112 A CN101098112 A CN 101098112A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a solar-energy focus photovoltaic generator with natural heat radiation, comprising a total reflection condenser, a secondary reflection beam-splitter, a photovoltaic cell, and a heat radiator or the like, or further comprising a thermal receiver. The total reflection condenser condenses sun radiation on the second reflection beam-splitter which reflects the light in the wavelength met with photovoltaic cell to the photovoltaic cell to generate electricity, while the waste heat uses a heat radiator composed of a thermal conductive plate, an additional heat radiation plate adhered at the back of the photovoltaic cell board, and the back coat of the total reflection condenser, to use radiation and convection to disperse heat. The beam of other wavelengths penetrates the second reflection beam-splitter can radiate a heat receiver to generate hundreds units of heat. The condense ratio of the invention can reach 20-30 of sun radiation, while the generating efficiency of unit photovoltaic cell can be improved 15 times to obtain high-temperature heat, therefore, the invention can reduce the invest and cost of solar-energy generation, with significant economic and social benefits.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the field of solar energy utilization, developmental technology of new energy resources, be specifically related to generate electricity and heat a kind of solar collector of usefulness.
Background technology:
The minimizing day by day of fossil fuel, human increasing to demand for energy, for sustainable development, the protection environment, the human needs seeks clean abundant new forms of energy.The solar energy storage is the abundantest in the various energy, divides cloth cover the widest, the cleanest, and solar energy is the most reliable energy of human kind sustainable development; But solar energy density is low, be subjected to again day and night, season, geography and climatic influences and instability, not as the energy of fossil fuel handy.The mankind carry out solar energy utilization research for a long time, and people can not only utilize solar energy hot water simply now, dried grain, and can utilize solar power generation.
Solar power generation has the generating of light-Fu and the light-Re two kinds of methods of generating electricity.
The photovoltaic generation method is to allow sunlight directly be incident upon on the flat-plate type solar cell plate, common solar panel is monocrystalline silicon and polysilicon semiconductor material, generating efficiency be about projection solar radiation power 12～15%, the solar radiation of all the other shares can all be converted into heat.
In fact, the electronics energy gap of monocrystalline silicon and polysilicon semiconductor material is 1.12 electron-volts, the wave-length coverage of available solar radiation is at 0.4～1.1 μ m, and the solar radiant energy of other wavelength is radiated on the solar panel can only be converted into thermoelectricity, and the solar cell plate temperature is raise.Studies show that the silicon solar cell plate is 1 ℃ of every rising more than 0 ℃, power output descends 3～4%.Because this temperature characterisitic of silicon solar cell plate makes that silicon solar cell plate working temperature can not be too high, can not receive high-intensity radiated solar energy.Also therefore be difficult to use method of caustic, reduce the cost of photovoltaic generation than high magnification.At present, the price of the solar panel of monocrystalline silicon and polysilicon is 40 yuan/peak watt, mean utilization only about 0.15, and photovoltaic generation equipment actual building cost is about 50～60 times of conventional fossil fuel generating equipment.
Light-thermal power generation method is being incident upon behind the solar light focusing on the solar receiver, on solar receiver, be converted into heat, to the heat-transfer working medium-water in the hot receiver or conduction oil or slaine heating, add hot water again and become the generating of water vapour pushing turbine.But its equipment complexity, system are huge, and one-time investment is too big.
Therefore, reducing cost for solar power generation, improve generating efficiency, is the vital point of solar energy utilization research.
In order to reduce cost for solar power generation, the someone proposes to utilize photovoltaic generation and housing heating and the electric heating co-production method of living and combining with hot water.For example: number of patent application is " sun electric heating combined production device " of CN200410025990.0, this method be solar radiation on photovoltaic battery panel, the heat that produces on cooling water collection photovoltaics battery at the photovoltaic battery panel back side, this heat makes cooling water temperature generally rise to 50～60 ℃, heating and domestic hot-water's usefulness can be made, but generating (efficient is too low when generating electricity) can not be used for.Therefore this method is not suitable for the large-sized solar power station, because produce only 50～60 ℃ cooling water of a large amount of temperature this moment, is useless heat, and water is valuable, need reclaim with radiator heat-dissipation, if forced circulation is then wanted the additive decrementation pump power.And, owing to be that the entire spectrum radiant energy of solar energy is utilized, do not add differentiation together, thereby the heat that produces on photovoltaic battery panel is higher, only also is not enough to temperature with cell panel with the heat that produces on the cooling water collection photovoltaics battery and is reduced to and makes it that sufficiently high efficient be arranged; Rotating band when simultaneously, the water inlet pipe and water outlet pipe of cooling water system can be given whole device tracking solar direction is served difficulty.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention is in order to overcome the deficiency of existing solar energy power generating method, proposed by improving unit are solar panel generated output and solar energy utilization ratio from radiating mode, to reduce the cost of solar power plant, solar power plant investment and cost of electricity-generating are reduced significantly.
Simultaneously, can also be distinguished the entire spectrum radiant energy of solar energy by the method for frequency division, reduce the heat absorption of solar panel itself, realize solar energy power generating and produce the electric heating co-production of high temperature heat in hundreds of degree, further improve unit are solar panel generated output and solar energy utilization ratio.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of solar energy accumulation type photovoltaic generator of heat radiation certainly include full-reflection spotlight device, secondary reflection beam-splitter, photocell, radiator, support and driving mechanism; It is characterized in that: the metal sheet surface polishing that described full-reflection spotlight device is a curved surface shaped is as reflecting surface, and the full-reflection spotlight device is concentrated the reflection of the direct projection ray of solar radiation and is incident upon on the secondary reflection beam-splitter; The secondary reflection beam-splitter is the reflection and transmission mirror of curved surface, its convex surface is relative with the concave surface of full-reflection spotlight device, before being arranged in the focus of full-reflection spotlight device, the focal line of its focal line and full-reflection spotlight device overlaps, the solar radiation bundle of secondary reflection is projected on the photocell that is arranged in full-reflection spotlight device centre, and remaining solar radiation Shu Ze sees through the secondary reflection beam-splitter; The photocell back side is bonded with the metal heat-conducting plate of surface insulation layer, and the additional heat plate with metal is clipped in the metallic plate of full-reflection spotlight device therebetween admittedly again, and heat-conducting plate, additional heat plate and full-reflection spotlight device constitute radiator jointly; The back side of the outer surface of additional heat plate and full-reflection spotlight device scribbles the heat radiation coating; Photocell is converted to electric energy output to the part of the solar radiant energy that receives, and remaining is converted into heat energy and spreads out of by radiator; Described full-reflection spotlight device and secondary reflection beam-splitter all are fixed on the movable support, movable support drives the full-reflection spotlight device and rotates on fixed support together with the photocell on it and heat-conducting plate, additional heat plate and secondary reflection beam-splitter, by driving mechanism, make the axial plane of full-reflection spotlight device when work, follow the tracks of sun central point.
The focal line of described full-reflection spotlight device 1 can adopt three kinds of arrangements to make axial plane follow the tracks of sun central point: first kind is that the focal line of full-reflection spotlight device is along east-west direction horizontal positioned and fixing, axial plane serves as the elevation angle north-south rotation at high noon that axle is followed the sun with the focal line of level, make axial plane keep identical with sun elevation angle at high noon with the angle of horizontal plane, axial plane always passes sun central point; Second kind is that the focal line of full-reflection spotlight device favours ground configuration and fixing along North and South direction, the inclination angle is identical with the photovoltaic cell module optimum angle of incidence of the solar energy power generating of locality, axial plane serves as that a hour angle of following the sun rotates from the east orientation west with the focal line that tilts, and makes axial plane always pass sun central point; The third is that the focal line of full-reflection spotlight device favours ground configuration, the inclination angle is identical with the photovoltaic cell module optimum angle of incidence of the solar energy power generating of locality, and keep axial plane vertical with horizontal plane, axial plane is that axle is followed the azimuth of the sun from the rotation of east orientation west with the vertical line, make the azimuth of axial plane identical with the azimuth of the sun, axial plane always passes sun central point.
The first-selected parabolic surface of the curve form of described full-reflection spotlight device 1 and secondary reflection beam-splitter 2, the inferior hyperbola curved surface that selects; First-selected monocrystalline silicon of described photocell or polysilicon photocell.
Described secondary reflection beam-splitter 2 spectrum of reflected light scopes and photronic suitable spectral region are complementary, and wavelength is 0.4～1.1 μ m.
In order to utilize solar energy better, can place a hot receiver at the focal line place of secondary reflection beam-splitter, be fixed on the movable support; Described hot receiver is the hot receiver that glass protection vacuum chamber and straight-through metal heat absorption tube are arranged; the outer surface of endothermic tube is coated with middle temperature selective heat absorbing coating; the two ends of endothermic tube respectively be communicated with outside being connected into and out of defeated heat pipe, its inside has heat-transfer working medium to flow through.
When device adopts the third tracking mode, the heat-conducting plate of described radiator and/or additional heat plate adopt the metallic plate of the multi-through hole that surface insulation layer is arranged or pipe assembly to substitute, have cooling water to flow through in the through hole, the two ends of through hole respectively be communicated with outside being connected into and out of cooling water pipe.
In sum, the present invention has following advantage:
The present invention has adopted three kinds from cooling measure: first, utilize the heat-conducting plate at the photocell back side, give full-reflection spotlight device and additional heat plate the heat delivered that photocell produces, through metal heat-conducting, heat radiation coating radiation and natural convection air heat is distributed to air and environment, especially dexterously utilized the large-area full-reflection spotlight device back side to carry out heat loss through radiation, the very strong regulating power of heat radiation is certainly arranged, not only simplified the structure, but also reduced cost, realized dual-use material; Second, utilize the beam split of secondary reflection beam-splitter to be diverted to the unavailable solar energy of a part of photocell on the hot receiver or in the environment, both reduced the heat that photocell itself is produced, can also fully utilize remaining solar energy, realize solar energy power generating and produce the electric heating coproduction of high temperature heat in hundreds of degree; The 3rd, when needs use the warm water or adopt big optically focused than the time, also can on radiator, further utilize the cooling water heat radiation.Three kinds of radiating modes make the optically focused ratio of photovoltaic power generation apparatus of the present invention can reach 20～30 under the photronic situation of use ordinary silicon.
Because the costing an arm and a leg of photovoltaic cell module, far above the price of miscellaneous part in the device, thereby the raising of its efficient will help the increasing substantially of cost performance of entire equipment system.And heat loss through radiation and frequency division heat conduction also provide cost savings greatly, and primary Calculation utilizes the direct generation of electricity cost of the inventive method to reduce investment outlay 4-10 doubly than ordinary flat photovoltaic cell module electricity-generating method.
In addition, follow the tracks of sun mode for three kinds of the present invention, characteristics are respectively arranged: follow the tracks of sun mode for first and second two kinds, because focal line fixed-site, can place hot receiver at the focal line place of full-reflection spotlight device, reclaim the solar energy that sees through the beam split of secondary reflection beam-splitter, obtain 20～25% middle high temperature heat, the hot receiver movement-less part, easy to connect; When adopting first kind of tracking mode, it is less that the axial plane of full-reflection spotlight device is adjusted angular range, change in one day one, the whole year is only within ± 23.5 ℃ of scopes, but early, when late sun altitude is little, end reflections can not be received by photocell, and blade-end loss is bigger, need the morning and afternoon and place the end face reflection plate respectively in the termination in turn, reduce blade-end loss; Follow the tracks of sun mode for second kind, blade-end loss is less, can just can overcome blade-end loss by placing an end face reflection plate every half a year by turns, but the axial plane of full-reflection spotlight device must be followed the solar hour angle rotation every day from the east orientation west; The third follows the tracks of sun mode, because be is supporting surface with ground, rotational structure design handling ease, that installs is stable fine, but the defeated heat pipe of hot receiver all will have a place to be rotationally connected into and out of pipe with heat-transfer working medium house steward's connection when adopting the third tracking mode, makes the heat recovery system relative complex a little; And when adopting the cooling water heat radiation, there is a same problem.
The middle high temperature heat that hot receiver is collected, temperature reaches at least 150～280 ℃, can take heat in the heat storage can to by heat-transfer working mediums such as conduction oil or water, be used for: drive the lithium bromide refrigerator refrigeration, dissociated methanol fuel improves generating efficiency, with thermal power plant coupling preboiler feed temperature, or be used for generating of low boiling working fluid etc.The radiator cooling water of midget plant then can be used as the domestic hot-water and uses.
Therefore, adopt above-mentioned measure after, electromotive power output can improve 10～15 times on the unit are photovoltaic cell module, can reduce the cost of solar power generation significantly.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the operation principle and the critical component of basic structure of the present invention concerns schematic illustration.
Fig. 2 is that secondary reflection beam-splitter focal line of the present invention place has the operation principle and the critical component of the structure of hot receiver 5 to concern schematic illustration.
Fig. 3 is the device three-dimensional structure schematic diagram that the present invention adopts first kind of tracking mode.
Fig. 4 is the cross-sectional view strength of the device of Fig. 3 in rotating shaft place.And illustrated the structure of assembling in parallel.
Fig. 5 is the cutaway view of the device of Fig. 3 at axial plane.
Fig. 6 is the structural representation that the present invention adopts the device of second kind of tracking mode.
Fig. 7 is the structural representation that the present invention adopts the device of the third tracking mode.
Fig. 8 is that the present invention adopts the third tracking mode and with the structural representation (with secondary reflection beam-splitter 2 focal line places hot receiver 5 not being set is example) of device of cooling water radiator system.
Fig. 9 is the combined system schematic diagram of apparatus of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, further specify the present invention.But the present invention is not limited to this.
Fig. 1, the 2nd, the operation principle and the critical component of the solar energy accumulation type photovoltaic generator of heat radiation certainly of the present invention concern schematic illustration.As shown in Figure 1, 2, device mainly includes full-reflection spotlight device 1, secondary reflection beam-splitter 2, photocell 3, radiator 4, hot receiver 5 etc.; Wherein:
The slot type reflecting condenser of the first-selected parabolic surface of full-reflection spotlight device, promptly the cross section of concentrator is that (also the parabolic surface of available correction substitutes parabola; The parabolic surface of described correction be near the curvature of center greater than parabolical curvature, by the curvature of edge less than parabolical curvature), the inferior hyperbola that selects, the parabola of each cross section or hyp focus are positioned on the straight line; Parabola or hyperbola curved surface are that groove surface polishes as reflecting surface 1b with aluminium sheet 1a press forming, and reflectivity reaches about 0.85, the ratio of the aperture area of reflecting surface and the area of photovoltaic cell module, are that the concentrated ratio of concentrator is chosen at 30; Anti-oxidation silicon dioxide protective film is coated on the polished aluminum surface, the back side of aluminium sheet scribbles has reflection and dispels the heat good heat radiation coating 4b to sunlight, for example argenteous alumin(i)um paint, or be mixed with the white paint of titanium dioxide, or nitro is pitch-dark, and the far infrared transmissivity of these lacquers is up to 0.92～0.96; The front reflected sunlight of concentrator, the back side are radiator; The axial plane of full-reflection spotlight device 1, promptly the focus line of curved surface (abbreviation focal line) is followed sun rotation with the plane that summit line (abbreviation apex lines) is formed, and makes axial plane always pass sun central point when work.
Photocell 2 first-selected monocrystalline or polysilicon photocell, this example is by 16 model STP125E/S1, the monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic cell module that dimensions is 125 millimeters * 125 millimeters is composed in series the unit light battery lath of 2 meters length, the apex lines that is placed on parabola or hyperbola curved surface is the aluminium reflecting plate middle (being the apex lines place) at center, and monocrystalline silicon photocell binding agent (for example vinylacetate) good with heat conductivility and insulation is bonded on the metal heat-conducting plate 4a at its back side.
Heat-conducting plate 4a and additional heat plate 4c are that the surface is the aluminium sheet on alumina insulation surface heat-conducting plate 4a closely to be connected with bolt with additional heat plate 4c and reflecting plate 1a, and heat-conducting plate 4a and additional heat plate 4c are clipped in the middle reflecting plate 1a admittedly; Heat radiation coating 4b can equally with the back side of reflecting plate 1a be coated on the surface of additional heat plate 4c, constitutes photronic radiator 4 jointly; Described radiator 4 is a kind of radiators, and after the heat that photocell produces was passed to back side heat-conducting plate 4a and additional heat plate 4c and reflecting plate 1a by heat conduction, the method by radiation and convection current was dispersed in environment and the air and goes again.
Secondary reflection beam-splitter 2 at first is the solar energy that the full-reflection spotlight device is assembled can be reflexed on the photocell, simultaneously again can be with the unwanted light and heat transmission shunting of photocell.Thereby the secondary reflection beam-splitter adopts the camber reflection diaphotoscope that adapts with the full-reflection spotlight device (described " adapting " is exactly that both curve form can make the solar radiation bundle of secondary reflection project to be arranged on the photocell in the middle of the full-reflection spotlight device); The convex surface and the concave surface of secondary reflection beam-splitter are curved surface, first-selected parabolic surface (also the parabolic surface of available correction substitutes), the inferior hyperbola curved surface that selects, long 2 meters of the secondary reflection beam split lath of embodiment, shape is like rectangular tile, wide basic identical with the photovoltaic cell module width, get 130 millimeters, adopt parabolic surface; The convex surface of secondary reflection beam-splitter is relative with the concave surface of full-reflection spotlight device, before being arranged in the focus of full-reflection spotlight device, be that the secondary reflection beam-splitter is between full-reflection spotlight device and its focus, the focal line of the focal line of secondary reflection beam-splitter and full-reflection spotlight device overlap (during actual installation, as long as deviation be no more than secondary reflection beam-splitter focal length 1/2 can).Described reflection and transmission mirror is exactly the spectral reflectance that makes some wave band commonly used in the optical system and make the minute surface of the spectral transmission of some wave band, normally being coated with optionally multilayer dielectric reflective coating on transparent glass or plastic basis material surface and realizing required reflection or transmission peak wavelength scope, is the mature technology in the optical field.
Because the wavelength of solar radiation is an entire spectrum, and the wave-length coverage of monocrystalline silicon or the available solar radiation of polycrystal silicon cell plate is at 0.4～1.1 μ m, thereby the selectivity multilayer dielectric reflective coating 2a that is plated on secondary reflection beam-splitter 2 preferably can make light of its reflection 0.4～1.1 mum wavelength scope and see through the light radiation of other wavelength, the unavailable a part of solar energy transmission shunting of photocell, the effective optical radiation beam that makes the radiation frequency scope be fit to the photocell generating reflexes on the photocell 3, and see through other thermal radiation bundle (for monocrystalline silicon or polysilicon photocell, effectively optical radiation beam should be selected between wavelength 0.4～1.1 μ m, certainly, add man-hour in actual design, because material, the influence of factors such as technology, the scope of this usable reflection spectrum can fluctuate to some extent).If directly utilize the reflectance coating of the present conventional suitable visible-range (being that the reflectance spectrum scope is 0.4～0.8 μ m) that uses also passable.What embodiment adopted is with SiO
2As low-index material, with Nb
2O
5As the multilayer dielectric reflective coating that high-index material is formed, can realize the reflection of light to the 1100nm wave band to 400nm, average reflectance reaches 90%.
The effect of hot receiver 5 is exactly an energy of collecting the thermal radiation bundle that sees through from secondary reflection beam-splitter 2.It is the tubular type hot receiver that glass evacuated protection chamber 5a and straight-through metal heat absorption tube 5b are arranged, and the endothermic tube outer surface is coated with middle temperature selective heat absorbing coating 5c, is generally the cermet oxide, for example the Mo/Al of U.S. Luz company employing
2O
3Coating is operated in 450 ℃～500 ℃, and stable performance also can be adopted AlN/ stainless steel/copper coating, the thermal radiation loss of low temperature in reducing so that absorb solar radiant energy morely; Flow through heat-transfer working medium in the endothermic tube.Hot receiver is arranged in the concave direction of secondary reflection beam-splitter, and the endothermic tube center line of hot receiver overlaps with the focal line of full-reflection spotlight device and secondary reflection beam-splitter.
The stroke of sun light path is: at first the full-reflection spotlight device concentrates the direct sunlight radiation that is parallel to axial plane 30 times of reflections to be incident upon on the secondary reflection beam-splitter; The convex surface antireflection part of beam-splitter is applicable to the incident radiation of photovoltaic cell module, and secondary reflection light is radiated on the photovoltaic cell module with the direction that is parallel to axial plane again; When the wave-length coverage that is reflected on the beam-splitter is 0.4～1.1 μ m, concentrated the radiant energy of 14% in 26% and the sky diffusion radiation in the direct solar radiation of wave-length coverage 0.4～1.1 μ m to be converted into electric energy on the photovoltaic cell module, in addition be converted into low temperature heat energy, be dispersed in environment and the air by radiation and free convection by the radiator 4 at the photocell back side and go; Be incident upon the solar radiation that is not reflected on the beam-splitter and pass beam-splitter, or be dispersed in environment and the air and go, or be radiated on the straight-through endothermic tube 5b of hot receiver, this part heat can be converted at least 150～280 ℃ heat, by working medium such as conduction oil or water heat is taken to heat storage can, further be transformed into concrete application mode by the heat exchanger that is placed in the heat storage can again, for example the heating of the water conservancy project matter of heat generating system, with the generating of water vapour pushing turbine.
Fig. 3 is that the present invention adopts first kind of tracking mode, i.e. the focal line east-west direction horizontal arrangement of full-reflection spotlight device is the device schematic three dimensional views of rotational with the focal line of full-reflection spotlight device.Fig. 4 is its cross-sectional view strength in rotating shaft place.Fig. 5 then is its cutaway view at axial plane.
The full-reflection spotlight device of representing among Fig. 3 adopts the focal line East and West direction to arrange that the axial plane of parabolic surface and the angle of horizontal plane equal the tracking mode of sun elevation angle at high noon; 2 meters of full-reflection spotlight device element lengths can be combined into sufficient length as required, and for example 80 meters to 100 meters is a row; The morning, the west end of full-reflection spotlight device was inserted with end plates 1c, and be inserted with end plates at the east afternoon, and the end plates of west end remove; Full-reflection spotlight device 1, secondary reflection beam-splitter 2 and hot receiver 5 all are fixed on the movable support 6, and movable support 6 is made of bottom frame 6a and end face frame 6b; Movable support 6 is mounted on the fixed support 7, is axle around the focal line of full-reflection spotlight device, rotates along the arc orbit 7d on the fixed support 7.
Fig. 4 further specifies full-reflection spotlight device 1, secondary reflection beam-splitter 2, photovoltaic cell module 3, the annexation of radiator 4 and hot receiver 5.The bottom frame 6a and the end face frame 6b that have represented movable support 6 among Fig. 4, and fixed support 7 etc.; Bottom frame 6a is made up of the shape parabola shaped perimeter support bar identical with full-reflection spotlight device parabola and the axial support bar of strip, make of angle steel or pipe, the reflecting surface of full-reflection spotlight device is pressed on the bottom frame 6a of movable support 6 with screw and press strip; End face frame 6b is welded into fan shape with angle steel or pipe, is arranged in the two ends of movable support 6; End face support 6b is equipped with the sleeve 6c of a band annulus platform at the focus place of concentrator parabola face, sleeve is placed among the bearing pedestal 7a of fixed support 7 as the rotation axis of movable support 6; Also can load onto rolling bearing in the rotation axis outside; The endoporus of sleeve stays to do draws endothermic tube 5b usefulness; Roller 9 is installed below the end face frame 6b, and roller 9 can rotate on arc orbit 7d; Fixed support 7 usefulness fot screws 8 are fixed on the ground, are welded with arc-shaped rail 7d on it, make of angle steel; The movable support 6 that full-reflection spotlight device 1 is followed roller 9 drives rotates together, by the control assembly in the driving mechanism (the photoelectricity sun tracker of using always in for example astronomical observation system or the trace routine of setting), rotate in the elevation angle north-south at high noon that makes the axial plane of full-reflection spotlight device follow the sun, be that the angle α of the axial plane of full-reflection spotlight device and horizontal plane equals sun elevation angle at high noon, every day and adjusts once, adjusting range is less, and the whole year is only within ± 23.5 ℃ of scopes.Connecting rod 12 among the figure is the connecting rod of parallel moving mechanism, and the circle hole sleeve at its two ends is on the pivot pin 11 at the bottom frame 6a edge of movable support 6.
Fig. 5 further specifies full-reflection spotlight device 1, secondary reflection beam-splitter 2, photovoltaic cell module 3, the annexation of radiator 4 and hot receiver 5.As shown in Figure 5, secondary reflection beam-splitter 2 is installed on the annulus platform of sleeve 6c, and fixes with arc pressuring plate 2b and screw 2c.The center line of the focal line of secondary reflection beam-splitter 2 and parabolical focal line of full-reflection spotlight device and endothermic tube 5b is same straight line (representing with x on the figure); Vacuum chamber 5a, the endothermic tube 5b, the outer heat absorbing coating 5c of endothermic tube that have also represented hot receiver on the figure simultaneously, and fixed support 7, bearing spider 7a, fot screw 8, photovoltaic cell module 3, the heat-conducting plate 4a of radiator, the relative position and the annexation of full-reflection spotlight device 1 grade, and the driving mechanism (comprise motor 10a and decelerator 10b, control assembly does not draw) of driving rolls 9 rotations.The movable support 6 that full-reflection spotlight device 1, secondary reflection beam-splitter 2 and photovoltaic cell module 3, heat-conducting plate 4a, additional heat plate 4c etc. follow roller 9 drives rotates together, endothermic tube 5b and be communicated with outside being connected into and out of rigidly fixing between the defeated heat pipe does not rotate and moves.
Fig. 6 is that the present invention adopts second kind of tracking mode, and the focal line north-south inclination fixed and arranged of full-reflection spotlight device is the structural representation of the device of rotational with the focal line of full-reflection spotlight device.The fixed support at two places, north and south among Fig. 6 is 7b1,7b2, put on the shelf the sleeve 6c of annulus platform of the support bracket fastened bearing spider 7a in two places, the axis of two sleeves is the focal line of the parabola face of full-reflection spotlight device, the focal line angle of inclination beta equals the photovoltaic cell module optimum angle of incidence of the solar energy power generating of locality, pressing β=φ-δ calculates, wherein φ is a local latitude, δ is a correction value, get δ=0 °～10 °, value for low latitudes δ should be on the low side, value for high latitude area δ should be higher, and for example the value for region of the equator δ can be 0 °; The focal line angle of inclination beta towards should make high south, focal line north low for area, the Northern Hemisphere, for area, the Southern Hemisphere then antithesis, should make focal line high in the south and low in the north.Full-reflection spotlight device 1, secondary reflection beam-splitter 2, photovoltaic cell module 3, radiator 4 is fixed on the movable support 6, end face frame 6b below is equipped with roller 9, arc-shaped rail 7d is installed on fixed support 7b1, and be rotational from the east orientation west with the full-reflection spotlight device focal line that tilts hour angle every day that the axial plane of full-reflection spotlight device is followed the sun, makes axial plane always pass sun central point.Endothermic tube 5b and be communicated with outside being connected into and out of rigidly fixing between the defeated heat pipe does not rotate and moves.
Fig. 7 is that the present invention adopts the third tracking mode, and the focal line north-south of full-reflection spotlight device is in tilted layout, and it is vertical that axial plane keeps, around the structural representation of a vertical device that rotates.
As shown in Figure 7, endothermic tube 5b causes the top of support bracket fastened vertical axis 7c through tube connector 5d, 5e, through being connected into and out of defeated heat pipe 13,14 of rotary pipe connector 13a, 14a and connection outside, endothermic tube 5b follows movable support 6 and rotates around vertical axis 7c synchronously; Movable support 6 has upright pivotable sleeve 6f to be enclosed within on the vertical axis 7c, and the bottom frame 6a of sleeve 6f and movable support 6 and end face support 6b are rigidly connected; Rotate around vertical axis 7c along ground level by the solar tracking control program by being installed in roller 9 on the bottom frame 6a and motor 10a and reducing gear 10b; The setting at focal line inclination angle is identical with above-mentioned second kind of tracking mode, and the axial plane of full-reflection spotlight device is followed the change in location of the sun and rotated around vertical axis 7c from the east orientation west every day, makes the azimuth of axial plane identical with the azimuth of the sun.
Fig. 8 is that the present invention adopts the third tracking mode, and the focal line north-south of full-reflection spotlight device is in tilted layout, and it is vertical that axial plane keeps, and rotates the structural representation of the device of band cooling water radiator system around a vertical axle.The heat-conducting plate 4a of radiator 4 and additional heat plate 4c adopt the surface of multi-through hole to have aluminium sheet (or the flat tube assembly) 4d of alumina insulating film to substitute among Fig. 8, in each through hole of aluminium sheet (or flat tube assembly) by water cooling; Use water-cooled structure, on the platform 6h on the pivotable sleeve 6f of movable support 6, be fixed with water butt 4g, connect the through hole lower port of aluminium sheet (or flat tube assembly) and the bottom nozzle of bucket 4g with tube connector 4e, connect the through hole upper port of aluminium sheet (or flat tube assembly) and the upper port of bucket 4g with tube connector 4f, constitute water-flow circuit; In the middle of the end face of water butt rotatable tegillum 4h is arranged, be fixed with inlet tube and outlet tube 15,16 on the tegillum 4h with external communications.Use than the time with the big optically focused of employing when device shown in Figure 8 is fit to the needs warm water, in this device, also can add hot receiver 5.After adding water radiator, because design has the water self-circulation system, by day, the cold water of the water butt bottom water radiator of flowing through was heated to rise behind the cooling photovoltaic cell module and gets back to water butt, at night, photovoltaic cell module, concentrator etc. all become radiator, the flow of hot water on water butt top is through water radiator, and heat radiation rolls back the bottom of water butt down, need not pump.When warm water is got in the outside, be by with the inlet tube and outlet tube 15,16 of external communications.
Fig. 9 is a plurality of cell arrangement combined system schematic diagrames of the embodiment of the invention 1.A plurality of cell arrangements as shown in Figure 9 can carry out tandem compound or combination in parallel, and combined system can a shared cover tracking control system; When the cell arrangement of first and second kind tracking mode carried out tandem compound, the focal line of the full-reflection spotlight device of each cell arrangement was on a straight line, and endothermic tube is end to end, and each rotatable support is driven synchronously by a major axis and rotates; When the cell arrangement of first and second kind tracking mode carries out the parallel connection combination, the focal line of the full-reflection spotlight device of each cell arrangement is parallel to each other, each root endothermic tube is communicated with outside into and out of total defeated heat pipe 17,18 and connect with two, utilize the synchronous rotation that can drive a plurality of movable supports once cover driving mechanism 10 and parallel moving mechanism 12; The horizontal plane of the cell arrangement of the third tracking mode rotates can only be in parallel, drives a plurality of movable supports with parallel moving mechanism and rotate around vertical axis synchronously.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of solar energy accumulation type photovoltaic generator of heat radiation certainly include full-reflection spotlight device, secondary reflection beam-splitter, photocell, radiator, support and driving mechanism; It is characterized in that: the metal sheet surface polishing that described full-reflection spotlight device is a curved surface shaped is as reflecting surface, and the full-reflection spotlight device is concentrated the reflection of the direct projection ray of solar radiation and is incident upon on the secondary reflection beam-splitter; The secondary reflection beam-splitter is the reflection and transmission mirror of curved surface, its convex surface is relative with the concave surface of full-reflection spotlight device, before being arranged in the focus of full-reflection spotlight device, the focal line of its focal line and full-reflection spotlight device overlaps, the solar radiation bundle of secondary reflection is projected on the photocell that is arranged in full-reflection spotlight device centre, and remaining solar radiation Shu Ze sees through the secondary reflection beam-splitter; The photocell back side is bonded with the metal heat-conducting plate of surface insulation layer, and the metal heat-conducting plate is clipped in the metallic plate of full-reflection spotlight device therebetween admittedly with the additional heat plate of metal, and heat-conducting plate, additional heat plate and full-reflection spotlight device constitute radiator jointly; The back side of the outer surface of additional heat plate and full-reflection spotlight device scribbles the heat radiation coating; Photocell is converted to electric energy output to the part of the solar radiant energy that receives, and remaining is converted into heat energy and spreads out of by radiator; Described full-reflection spotlight device and secondary reflection beam-splitter all are fixed on the movable support, movable support drives the full-reflection spotlight device and rotates on fixed support together with the photocell on it and heat-conducting plate, additional heat plate and secondary reflection beam-splitter, by driving mechanism, make the axial plane of full-reflection spotlight device when work, follow the tracks of sun central point.
2, as claimed in claim 1 can it is characterized in that from the solar energy accumulation type photovoltaic generator of heat radiation: the focal line of described full-reflection spotlight device adopts three kinds of arrangements that axial plane is followed the tracks of and passes sun central point, wherein:
First kind is that the focal line of full-reflection spotlight device is along east-west direction horizontal positioned and fixing, axial plane serves as the elevation angle north-south rotation at high noon that axle is followed the sun with the focal line of level, make axial plane keep identical with sun elevation angle at high noon with the angle of horizontal plane, axial plane always passes sun central point;
Perhaps, second kind is that the focal line of full-reflection spotlight device favours ground configuration and fixing along North and South direction, the inclination angle is identical with the photovoltaic cell module optimum angle of incidence of the solar energy power generating of locality, axial plane serves as that a hour angle of following the sun rotates from the east orientation west with the focal line that tilts, and makes axial plane always pass sun central point;
Perhaps, the third is that the focal line of full-reflection spotlight device favours ground configuration, the inclination angle is identical with the photovoltaic cell module optimum angle of incidence of the solar energy power generating of locality, and keep axial plane vertical with horizontal plane, axial plane is that axle is followed the azimuth of the sun from the rotation of east orientation west with the vertical line, make the azimuth of axial plane identical with the azimuth of the sun, axial plane always passes sun central point.
3, the solar energy accumulation type photovoltaic generator of heat radiation certainly as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the curve form of described full-reflection spotlight device and secondary reflection beam-splitter is a parabolic surface, or the hyperbola curved surface; Described photocell is monocrystalline silicon or polysilicon photocell.
4, the solar energy accumulation type photovoltaic generator of heat radiation certainly as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described secondary reflection beam-splitter spectrum of reflected light scope and photronic suitable spectral region are complementary, and wavelength is 0.4～1.1 μ m.
5, as claimed in claim 1 or 2 can it is characterized in that from the solar energy accumulation type photovoltaic generator of heat radiation: a hot receiver is placed at the focal line place at the secondary reflection beam-splitter, is fixed on the movable support; Described hot receiver is the hot receiver that glass protection vacuum chamber and straight-through metal heat absorption tube are arranged; the outer surface of endothermic tube is coated with middle temperature selective heat absorbing coating; the two ends of endothermic tube respectively be communicated with outside being connected into and out of defeated heat pipe, its inside has heat-transfer working medium to flow through.
6, the solar energy accumulation type photovoltaic generator of heat radiation certainly as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: when device adopts the third tracking mode, the heat-conducting plate of described radiator and/or additional heat plate adopt the metallic plate of the multi-through hole that surface insulation layer is arranged or pipe assembly to substitute, have cooling water to flow through in the through hole, the two ends of through hole respectively be communicated with outside being connected into and out of cooling water pipe.
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| CNA2006100881762A CN101098112A (en) | 2006-06-29 | 2006-06-29 | Self-radiation solar energy accumulation type photovoltaic generator |
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| CNA2006100881762A CN101098112A (en) | 2006-06-29 | 2006-06-29 | Self-radiation solar energy accumulation type photovoltaic generator |
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