CN103436906B - A kind of light splitting photovoltaic and photothermal associating hydrogen generating system and using method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of light splitting photovoltaic and photothermal associating hydrogen generating system and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103436906B CN103436906B CN201310379481.7A CN201310379481A CN103436906B CN 103436906 B CN103436906 B CN 103436906B CN 201310379481 A CN201310379481 A CN 201310379481A CN 103436906 B CN103436906 B CN 103436906B
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 246
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006243 Fine Thermal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005622 photoelectricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
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- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of photovoltaic and photothermal associating hydrogen generating system, including: beam condensing unit, light-dividing device, photovoltaic and photothermal integral device, heat exchange pipeline, water tank, electrolysis unit, hydrogen water separation device；Described photovoltaic and photothermal integral device includes photovoltaic module, collecting plate, heat pipe；Described electrolysis unit includes electrolysis bath and forms the electrolysis waterpipe of closed circuit with electrolysis bath.Present invention also offers the using method of a kind of described photovoltaic and photothermal associating hydrogen generating system.Compared with prior art, the significantly more efficient overall utilization ratio that improve solar energy.The effect of heat pipe heat exchanging improves the efficiency 10～15% of electrolytic hydrogen production by effectively reducing the temperature of photovoltaic module, electrolysis water and hot-water heating system heat exchange, improves the temperature of electrolysis water, so that the electrolytic hydrogen production efficiency of system improves 5～7%.The overall hydrogen production efficiency of system improves can reach about 20%, and the thermal efficiency is up to more than 60% simultaneously.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a split-beam photovoltaic and photo-thermal combined hydrogen production system and a using method thereof, belongs to the aspect of comprehensive utilization of solar energy and hydrogen energy, and particularly relates to a light-concentrating photovoltaic and photo-thermal combined hydrogen production system and a using method thereof.
Background
Hydrogen energy has been industrially used in many places as an important industrial raw material and a reducing agent of a combustion improver. The method has the advantages that the efficiency is high, the heat value is large, the final product is water, no pollution is caused to the environment, and the method is generally regarded as an important clean energy source. The solar electrolytic hydrogen production converts discontinuous solar energy with low energy density into high-density hydrogen energy which can be continuously stored by the technology of solar photovoltaic power generation and electrolytic hydrogen production. The system input and output are clean energy sources, and a good direction is provided for solving energy and environmental crisis.
However, the solar electrolytic hydrogen production has the problems of more electric energy consumption, higher cost and lower production efficiency. Currently, light gathering technology is generally adopted to reduce cost. However, the improvement of the concentration ratio is limited by the upper limit of the temperature of the photovoltaic module, and the improvement of the concentration ratio enables the temperature of the photovoltaic module to be rapidly increased, so that the electrical output characteristic of the photovoltaic module is reduced, and the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module is reduced. Most of the reasons for this are that the solar cell can only perform photoelectric conversion on visible light, and the heat in most infrared regions greatly increases the temperature of the solar cell panel. In traditional photovoltaic light and heat integrated device, can reduce the temperature of system's panel through the application of cooling medium. However, for water heat exchange, the system is in conflict with the system for obtaining photoelectric efficiency and simultaneously higher water temperature, which causes that the water temperature of hot water is not enough for obtaining better cooling effect.
In addition, in the process of hydrogen production by electrolysis in a PEM electrolyzer, the loss of electric energy is mainly determined by the overpotential of the cathode and anode electrodes and the resistance of the PEM. The increase of the temperature of the electrolyzed water can reduce the electric energy dissipation, thereby improving the efficiency of converting the electric energy into the hydrogen energy. However, a simple increase in the temperature of the electrolysis water requires an additional heating device. External extra external energy consumption is also required.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a light-splitting photovoltaic and photo-thermal combined hydrogen production system and a using method thereof, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art, effectively reducing the temperature of a cell panel, improving the inlet temperature of electrolyzed water, overcoming the problems of low efficiency and high cost of the traditional photovoltaic electrolysis hydrogen production, and simultaneously fully realizing the utilization of the full spectrum of solar energy to ensure that the system obtains the hot water temperature meeting the requirements of users. The photovoltaic electrolysis hydrogen production system has the advantages that the efficiency can be effectively reduced, the hydrogen production efficiency can be improved, good heat efficiency can be obtained, and the overall utilization rate of solar energy is greatly increased.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
1) a split-beam photovoltaic and photothermal combined hydrogen production system comprises:
A. the light condensing device is used for condensing solar energy;
B. a light splitting device arranged at the condensing focus of the condensing device and used for splitting an incident light source into a visible light part and an infrared light part,
C. the heat collecting tube is arranged between the light condensing device and the light splitting device and is used for receiving the infrared light part reflected by the light splitting device;
D. the photovoltaic and photothermal integrated device is arranged at the downstream of the light splitting device and is used for receiving the visible light part projected by the light splitting device; photovoltaic light and heat integrated device includes from the illumination side in proper order:
i. the photovoltaic module is used for receiving the visible light part from the light splitting device and converting the visible light part into direct current electric energy;
a heat collecting plate attached to the photovoltaic module for collecting heat energy generated by heat generation due to the photovoltaic module receiving light;
a heat pipe attached to the heat collecting plate, the heat pipe being adapted to receive the heat energy collected from the heat collecting plate;
the heat-preservation and heat-insulation material is wrapped on the outer side of the part of the photovoltaic and photothermal integrated device except the side receiving illumination and is used for preventing heat of the photovoltaic and photothermal integrated device from being dissipated;
E. the first heat exchange pipeline is arranged in the condensation section of the heat pipe, exchanges heat with the heat pipe and collects heat from the condensation section of the heat pipe;
F. the first water tank is connected with the first heat exchange pipeline and is used for providing a water source for the first heat exchange pipeline and receiving the water after heat exchange from the first heat exchange pipeline;
G. the second water tank is connected with the heat collecting pipe through a second heat exchange pipeline and receives water in the second heat exchange pipeline after heat exchange with the heat collecting pipe;
H. a communication pipe connecting the first water tank and the second water tank, and introducing water having a relatively low temperature in the first water tank into the second water tank after the temperature of water in the second water tank rises to a second target temperature;
I. an electrolysis apparatus comprising
The electrolytic water pipeline is used for providing electrolytic water for the electrolytic tank, and is arranged in the second water tank and immersed in the water in the second water tank so as to exchange heat with the water in the second water tank fully; the electrolytic tank is connected with the photovoltaic module, receives direct current electric energy generated by the photovoltaic module, and electrolyzes electrolyzed water after heat exchange from the electrolyzed water pipe, so that hydrogen is obtained.
In the light-splitting photovoltaic and photothermal combined hydrogen production system, the integrated photovoltaic and photothermal device may further include glass for protecting the photovoltaic module 18, which is disposed between the photovoltaic module and the light-splitting device and attached to the photovoltaic module.
The heat pipe generally includes an evaporator section for absorbing heat and a condenser section for releasing heat. Therefore, the heat exchange pipeline is arranged at the condensation section of the heat pipe and used for receiving heat emitted from the condensation section of the heat pipe. Because the concentrated power generation system receives much more energy per unit area than the flat panel type. The medium of the heat pipe is preferably selected to have a higher evaporation temperature, and water can be selected here.
In the split-beam photovoltaic and photothermal combined hydrogen production system, a photovoltaic module is a commercially available monocrystalline silicon solar panel and a commercially available polycrystalline silicon solar panel.
In the light-splitting photovoltaic photo-thermal combined hydrogen production system, the selection of the heat collecting plate is not limited at all, and a common aluminum plate can be selected. The heat collecting plates are preferably combined by adopting a tube-plate structure, and simultaneously collect and utilize heat energy.
In the light-splitting photovoltaic photo-thermal combined hydrogen production system, the heat exchange pipeline can be arranged into a coil pipe type or a serpentine pipe type.
In the light-splitting photovoltaic photo-thermal combined hydrogen production system, the heat collecting pipe is a commercially available vacuum heat collecting pipe.
In the light-splitting photovoltaic photo-thermal combined hydrogen production system, the light-splitting device adopts a glass panel paved with a selective transmission film.
In the light-splitting photovoltaic photo-thermal combined hydrogen production system, the first water tank and the second water tank are formed by heat storage devices with good heat insulation performance.
In the light-splitting photovoltaic photo-thermal combined hydrogen production system, the water circulation pipeline of the first water tank can be driven by a water pump and forms forced convection heat exchange with the condensation section of the heat pipe. The second water tank preferably adopts natural convection heat transfer, so that the cost can be reduced.
In the light-splitting photovoltaic photo-thermal combined hydrogen production system, the first water tank and the second water tank are connected by the connecting pipe.
In the split-beam photovoltaic photo-thermal combined hydrogen production system, an electrolytic tank device of the electrolytic tank system adopts a high pressure-bearing gas tank.
2) In one embodiment of item 1) of the spectroscopic photovoltaic photothermal combined hydrogen production system of the present invention, the photovoltaic electrolytic hydrogen production system further comprises:
J. and the hydrogen water separation device is connected with the electrolytic cell and is used for receiving the hydrogen obtained by electrolysis in the electrolytic cell and separating water vapor in the hydrogen to obtain purified hydrogen.
3) In one embodiment of item 2) of the spectroscopic photovoltaic photothermal combined hydrogen production system of the present invention, the photovoltaic electrolytic hydrogen production system further comprises:
K. and the dryer is connected with the hydrogen water separation device and is used for drying the hydrogen from the hydrogen water separation device.
4) In one embodiment of item 3) of the spectroscopic photovoltaic photothermal combined hydrogen production system of the present invention, the photovoltaic electrolytic hydrogen production system further comprises:
and the hydrogen storage device is connected with the dryer and is used for receiving and storing the hydrogen processed by the dryer.
5) In one embodiment of any one of items 1) to 4) of the split-spectrum photovoltaic and photothermal combined hydrogen production system of the present invention, the heat pipe is selected from a gravity heat pipe or a siphon heat pipe, and the heat pipe is designed in a flat shape.
6) In one embodiment of any one of items 1) to 5) of the spectroscopic photovoltaic and photothermal combined hydrogen production system of the present invention, the spectroscopic device is a membrane that is selectively transparent to light having a wavelength of 350 to 1100 nm.
7) In one embodiment of any one of items 1) to 6) of the spectroscopic photovoltaic and photothermal combined hydrogen production system of the present invention, the photovoltaic hydrogen production system further comprises a fuel cell connected to the hydrogen storage device.
8) In an embodiment of any one of items 1) -7) of the split-spectrum photovoltaic and photothermal combined hydrogen production system of the present invention, the heat exchange pipeline is a serpentine heat exchange pipeline, a U-shaped heat exchange pipeline, or a coil heat exchange pipeline. In order to achieve the best heat exchange effect, a serpentine heat exchange pipeline is preferred.
9) In one embodiment of any one of items 1) to 8) of the spectroscopic photovoltaic and photothermal combined hydrogen production system of the present invention, the electrolyzer in the electrolyzer is a PEM electrolyzer.
10) In one embodiment of any one of items 1) to 9) of the spectroscopic photovoltaic and photothermal combined hydrogen production system of the present invention, the electrolyzed water pipeline is a serpentine-shaped electrolyzed water pipeline, a U-shaped electrolyzed water pipeline, or a coil-type electrolyzed water pipeline, preferably a serpentine-shaped electrolyzed water pipeline.
11) The use method of the photovoltaic and photothermal combined hydrogen production system of any one of items 1) to 10) of the invention comprises the following steps:
sunlight is condensed to the light splitting device through the light condensing device, light rays in a visible light area are projected to the photovoltaic and photothermal integrated device through the light splitting device, and a part of visible light is absorbed by the photovoltaic module and is converted into electric energy through photoelectric conversion; then, the electric energy converted by photovoltaic is used as an electric energy source for electrolytic hydrogen production by an electrolytic cell, a mixture of hydrogen and water obtained by water electrolysis is electrolyzed by the electrolytic cell, and the obtained mixture is stored in a hydrogen storage device after passing through a hydrogen water separation device and a dryer;
the heat of the other part of visible light which is not absorbed by the photovoltaic module in the photovoltaic and photothermal integration device is absorbed by the heat collecting plate and reaches the heat pipe from the heat collecting plate in a heat conduction mode, then the heat energy in the heat pipe is absorbed by water through heat exchange with the water in the first heat exchange pipeline, and the water which absorbs the heat flows back to the first water tank through the first heat exchange pipeline to be stored;
on the other hand, light rays in an infrared light area reflected by the light splitting device are absorbed by the vacuum heat collecting tube, heat absorbed by the heat collecting tube is transferred to water in the second heat exchanging tube through the second heat exchanging tube, and then the water in the second heat exchanging tube flows back to the second water tank to be stored.
In a preferred embodiment of the above method, the water circulated through the electrolytic cell and obtained from the hydrogen-water separation device is introduced into an electrolytic water pipe provided in the second water tank, and is transferred into the electrolytic cell after heat exchange in the second water tank, thereby increasing the temperature of the electrolytic water in the electrolytic cell to increase the electrolysis efficiency.
12) In one embodiment of the method of use of item 11) of the present invention, the method further comprises: by setting a first target temperature in the first tank, cold water is introduced when the temperature in the first tank exceeds the first target temperature, and water in the first tank is introduced into the second tank.
13) In one embodiment of the use method according to item 11) or 12) of the present invention, the method further comprises: and setting a second target temperature on the second water tank, and introducing the water with relatively low temperature in the first water tank into the second water tank after the water temperature in the second water tank rises to the second target temperature, wherein the second target temperature is higher than the first target temperature.
The main working principle of the invention may be as follows, but the following description does not limit the invention in any way:
the whole system of the invention mainly comprises the following aspects: the light-gathering and light-splitting photovoltaic photo-thermal component comprises a hot water system and an electrolytic cell module. The concentrating photovoltaic photo-thermal model mainly comprises light splitting equipment, a photovoltaic module solar cell, a heat pipe, a heat insulating material, a heat collecting pipe and some auxiliary structures. The hot water system comprises a first water tank, a second water tank, a water tank communicating pipe, a water pump, a snakelike heat exchange pipeline and a heat exchange pipeline. The electrolytic tank module mainly comprises a PEM electrolytic tank, a hydrogen-water separation device, a dryer, a hydrogen storage device, a heat exchange system and a plurality of structures.
The solar energy is collected by the light gathering device, then the light is split by the light splitting device, the visible light area is absorbed by the photovoltaic and photo-thermal integrated device, the solar energy is converted into electric energy to serve as an energy source of the electrolytic cell through the photoelectric conversion effect, and the defects that direct current generated in the photovoltaic conversion process is low in energy density due to volatility and intermittency and is not beneficial to utilization are overcome. The application of light splitting obviously reduces the heat load of the solar panel, increases the efficiency of thermoelectric conversion, and simultaneously adopts the heat pipe to cool the solar cell. The temperature of the photovoltaic module can be greatly reduced by the measures, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module is improved, the temperature of the whole cell panel is more uniform, and the service life of the cell panel is prolonged. The energy of the infrared region after light splitting is absorbed by the vacuum heat collecting tube and sent to the second water tank. After the heat in the first water tank exceeds a certain temperature, the water tank communicating device is opened to send the water in the first water tank to the second water tank, and cold water is supplemented into the first water tank, so that the temperature of the first water tank can be kept lower, and the efficiency of the photovoltaic photo-thermal module is improved. Meanwhile, the first water tank can preheat water in the second water tank, so that the water temperature of hot water is improved, and the user requirements are met. Purified pure water can be heated through the water circulation of the electrolytic cell, so that the temperature of the electrolyzed water entering the electrolytic cell is increased, and the efficiency of hydrogen production by electrolysis is improved. Hydrogen obtained after electrolysis is stored in a gas storage bottle.
Compared with the prior art, the concentrating solar photovoltaic photo-thermal integrated hydrogen production method adopting the technical scheme has the following advantages:
(1) the light splitting device realizes the utilization of different wave bands of the system and can effectively utilize the optothermal and the photoelectricity.
(2) After light splitting, the solar energy subjected to photovoltaic conversion in a photovoltaic waveband is remarkably increased, the heat load of the plate is remarkably reduced, so that the temperature rise of the solar cell plate is remarkably inhibited, meanwhile, the cell plate only absorbs the energy in a visible light area after light splitting, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is greatly improved, and meanwhile, the temperature drop of the cell plate is remarkably reduced.
(3) In the heat pipe cell board cooling process, heat pipe exchanger's import temperature has this direct relation to the efficiency influence of system, the lower cooling effect of import temperature is better, but import temperature is lower difficult more satisfies user's demand, photovoltaic light and heat integrated device is adopted in the photovoltaic wave band after the beam split, through the radiating form of heat pipe, first water tank is as the effect of a preheating water tank of second water tank, keep lower temperature, thereby make the heat exchanger under low entry temperature state, can reduce the battery temperature, improve photovoltaic cell board conversion efficiency and obtain fine thermal efficiency.
(4) The photo-thermal wave band after light splitting is absorbed by the vacuum heat collecting tube. Water in the first water tank can be led into the second water tank after being preheated, and water in the second water tank enters the vacuum heat collecting tube through the water path circulation, so that higher water temperature output can be obtained, and the system is ensured to have good heat efficiency at high output hot water temperature.
(5) The heat pipe on the photovoltaic and photo-thermal integrated device adopts a flat plate shape, so that a larger contact area can be obtained, the contact thermal resistance of a system is reduced, and the heat exchange of the photovoltaic panel is strengthened. Meanwhile, the condensation sections of the heat pipes are completely connected together, heat exchange is carried out on the condensation sections through the coiled pipes, the heat exchange area is increased, and heat exchange between the heat pipes and water flow is strengthened, so that the heat exchange efficiency of the condensation sections and the water flow is improved, the overall heat transfer resistance of the system is reduced, the temperature of the photovoltaic assembly of the system is effectively reduced, and the temperature distribution of the photovoltaic assembly is more uniform.
(6) Through the effective matching of the photovoltaic photo-thermal integrated device and the electrolytic hydrogen production system, the system can output hydrogen energy and simultaneously obtain heat energy, and the overall utilization efficiency of the system on solar energy is effectively improved. Meanwhile, the use of hydrogen energy overcomes the defects of low solar energy density and unfavorable utilization caused by fluctuation. Meanwhile, the system can ensure the output of hot water and can meet the daily life requirement.
(7) The heat exchange effect of the heat pipe effectively reduces the temperature of the photovoltaic module, so that the efficiency of electrolytic hydrogen production is improved by 15%, the electrolytic water exchanges heat with the hot water system, the temperature of the electrolytic water is improved, and the efficiency of electrolytic hydrogen production of the system can be improved by 5% -7%. The overall hydrogen production efficiency of the system can be improved by about 20 percent, and meanwhile, the heat efficiency of the system for solar energy can be utilized by more than 60 percent.
(8) The energy source of the whole system is solar energy, and the produced hydrogen energy and hot water are all environment-friendly products.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic overall structure diagram of another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a side view of the integrated pv-thermal device in the system of the invention.
Reference numerals
The solar water heater comprises a light gathering device 1, a heat collecting tube 2, a light splitting device 3, a photovoltaic photo-thermal integrated device 4, a first water tank 1, a water pump 6, a second water tank 2, a hydrogen storage device 8, a dryer 9, a hydrogen-water separation device 10, an electrolysis tank 11, an electrolysis water pipeline 12, a heat collecting plate 13, glass 14, a first heat exchange pipeline 15, a heat pipe 16, a heat insulating material 17, a photovoltaic module 18, a fuel cell 19, a communicating pipe 20 and a second heat exchange pipeline 21.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the examples.
Example 1
The photovoltaic and photothermal combined hydrogen production system of the invention is shown in figures 1, 2 and 3. The photovoltaic and photo-thermal combined hydrogen production system mainly comprises a photovoltaic and photo-thermal integrated device 4, a light gathering device 1, a light splitting device 3, a heat collecting pipe 2, an electrolytic bath 11, a heat exchange pipeline 15, a hydrogen storage device 8, a first water tank 5, a second water tank 7 and a water pump 6. The structure formed by the photovoltaic and photothermal integrated device 4 comprises glass 14, a photovoltaic module 18, a heat collecting plate 13 and a heat pipe 16 in sequence, wherein the photovoltaic module 18, the heat collecting plate 13 and the heat pipe 16 are tightly combined together through an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and a polyvinyl fluoride composite film (TPT) through a laminating technology. The back of the photovoltaic module is filled with an insulating material 17. And the light splitting device is arranged on the photovoltaic and photothermal integrated device 4.
Wherein,
the light-gathering device 1 is used for gathering solar energy;
a light splitting device 3 provided at a condensing focal point of the condensing device 1; the light splitting device 3 is used for splitting an incident light source into a visible light part and an infrared light part;
the heat collecting tube 2 is arranged between the light condensing device 1 and the light splitting device 3 and is used for receiving the infrared light part reflected by the light splitting device 3; the heat collecting tube used in the embodiment can use a commercially available vacuum heat collecting tube
A photovoltaic-photothermal integrated device 4 disposed downstream of the light splitting device 3 and configured to receive the visible light portion projected from the light splitting device 3; photovoltaic light and heat integrated device 4 includes in proper order from the illumination side:
i. optional glass 14 for protecting the photovoltaic module 18;
a photovoltaic module 18 for receiving the visible light portion passing through the light splitting device 3 and converting it into direct current electrical energy; the photovoltaic module 18 adopts a plurality of commercially available monocrystalline silicon and polycrystalline silicon solar panels on the market;
a heat collecting plate 13 laminated with the photovoltaic module 18 for collecting heat energy generated from the photovoltaic module 18 due to heat generation by receiving light; the heat collecting plate is made of cheap and common aluminum plate. The heat collecting plate and the heat pipe adopt a pipe plate type structure, so that the temperature of the solar cell panel is reduced, and meanwhile, heat energy is collected and utilized;
a heat pipe 16 attached to the light collecting plate 13, wherein the heat pipe 16 contains a heat transfer medium for receiving the heat energy collected by the light collecting plate 13; the heat pipe 16 comprises an evaporation section and a condensation section, wherein the evaporation section is used for absorbing heat, and the condensation section is used for releasing heat;
a heat insulating material 17 which is wrapped on the outer side of the portion of the photovoltaic/photothermal integrated device 4 other than the side receiving light and is used for preventing heat loss;
the first heat exchange pipeline 15 is arranged at the condensation section of the heat pipe 16, water is contained in the first heat exchange pipeline 15, and the first heat exchange pipeline 15 exchanges heat with the heat pipe 16 to collect heat from the heat pipe 16; the heat exchange tube 15 is a coiled tube.
A first water tank 5 connected to the first heat exchange pipe 15, for providing a water source for the first heat exchange pipe 15 and receiving the heat-exchanged water from the first heat exchange pipe 15; in addition, the first water tank 5 serves as a preheating water tank for the second water tank 7, and water in the first water tank is sent to the second water tank 7 through the communication pipe 20.
And the second water tank 7 is connected with the heat collecting pipe 2 through a second heat exchange pipeline and is used for providing a heat exchange medium for the heat collecting pipe 2 and receiving high-temperature hot water from the heat collecting pipe 2 after heat exchange.
An electrolysis apparatus comprising
The electrolytic water pipe 12 is a serpentine electrolytic water pipe and is used for providing electrolytic water for the electrolytic tank 11, and the electrolytic water pipe 12 is arranged in the second water tank 7 and is immersed in the hot water in the second water tank 7 so as to exchange heat with the high-temperature hot water in the second water tank 7 sufficiently; the electrolytic cell 11 is connected with the photovoltaic module 18, receives direct current electric energy generated by the photovoltaic module 18, and electrolyzes heat-exchanged electrolyzed hot water from the electrolyzed water pipe 19 to obtain hydrogen;
a hydrogen water separation device 10, which is respectively connected with the electrolytic tank 11 and the electrolytic water pipeline 12, and is used for receiving hydrogen from the electrolytic tank and separating water vapor in the hydrogen to obtain purified hydrogen, wherein the separated water is introduced into the electrolytic water pipeline 12; the electrolyzer of the electrolyzer system is selected from an alkaline electrolyzer or a PEM electrolyzer.
A dryer 9 connected to the hydrogen-water separation device 10 for performing a drying process on the hydrogen gas from the hydrogen-water separation device 10;
and the hydrogen storage device 8 is connected with the dryer 9 and is used for receiving and storing the hydrogen processed by the dryer 9.
The application method of the photovoltaic hydrogen production system comprises the following steps:
firstly, sunlight is condensed to the light splitting device 3 through the light condensing device 1, energy in a visible light area is absorbed by the photovoltaic module 18 of the integrated photovoltaic and photothermal device 7, and a part of the energy is converted into electric energy through photoelectric conversion efficiency; then, the electric energy converted by photovoltaic is used as the electric energy source for hydrogen production by electrolysis in an electrolytic cell 11, the mixture of hydrogen and water obtained by water electrolysis is subjected to hydrogen-water separation in sequence by an electrolytic cell 10 and a dryer 9, and finally the obtained mixture is stored in a hydrogen storage device 8; in addition, the water circulated by the electrolytic cell 11 and obtained by the hydrogen-water separation device 10 enters an electrolytic water pipeline 12 arranged in the second water tank 7, exchanges heat in the water tank and then is sent into the electrolytic cell 11, and the electrolytic efficiency is improved by improving the temperature of the electrolytic water in the electrolytic cell 11;
while the light energy which is not absorbed by the photoelectric conversion effect in the photovoltaic and photothermal integration device is absorbed by the heat collecting plate 13, the heat absorbed by the heat collecting plate 13 reaches the heat pipe 16 by heat conduction, so as to reduce the temperature of the photovoltaic module 18; then, the heat energy in the heat pipe 16 is absorbed by the water in the first heat exchange pipe 15 through heat exchange with the water in the first heat exchange pipe 15, and the water with the heat absorbed in the first heat exchange pipe 15 flows back to the first water tank 5 through the water pump 6 to be stored; a first target temperature is set in the first tank, and when the temperature of water in the first tank 5 reaches the first target temperature, water in the first tank 5 is sent into the second tank 7 through the communication pipe 20, and low-temperature water is replenished into the first tank 5, so that the first tank 5 is maintained at a relatively low temperature. Meanwhile, a second target temperature is set on the second water tank, and when the water temperature in the second water tank rises to the second target temperature, water with relatively low temperature in the first water tank is introduced into the second water tank, wherein the second target temperature is higher than the first target temperature.
The energy of the infrared light area after being split by the light splitter 3 is absorbed by the heat collecting tube 2, and the water in the second water tank 7 enters the heat collecting tube 2 through the second heat exchange pipeline 21, absorbs the heat absorbed by the heat collecting tube 2, and then sends the heat into the second water tank 7 to obtain high-temperature hot water.
In addition, the water and hydrogen water separated by the water separator 10 from the electrolytic bath 11 enters the electrolytic water pipe 12 provided in the second water tank 5 and connected to the electrolytic bath 11 in a circulating manner, and then enters the electrolytic bath 11 after heat exchange in the second water tank 7, thereby increasing the temperature of the electrolytic water in the electrolytic bath 11 to improve the electrolysis efficiency.
Due to the action of the light splitting device 3, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module is improved, and the heat load received by the photovoltaic photo-thermal module 4 is obviously reduced. Meanwhile, the heat exchange effect of the heat pipe 16 and the lower inlet temperature of the heat exchange pipeline 15 greatly reduce the temperature of the photovoltaic module 18, improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency, obviously improve the light concentration ratio at a certain temperature of the photovoltaic module 18, reduce the cost and effectively improve the electric energy output of the photovoltaic module 18. While the temperature distribution across the photovoltaic module 18 can be made more uniform. The improvement of the whole hydrogen production amount is increased, the system operation is more stable, and the service life of the system is prolonged.
The first and second tanks in this embodiment have insulation to maintain the temperature of the water in the first and second tanks. The water flow transmission between the first water tank and the second water tank can be driven by a water pump.
The electrolyzer also comprises a high pressure-bearing gas tank, and the electrolyzer is a PEM electrolyzer.
The overall hydrogen production efficiency of the system can be improved by about 20 percent, and meanwhile, the heat efficiency can reach 60 percent.
Example 2
On the basis of example 1, the photovoltaic hydrogen production system further comprises a fuel cell 19, which is connected to the hydrogen storage system 8. For receiving hydrogen from the hydrogen storage system 8 as fuel to generate electricity. This allows for the conversion of non-continuous, energy-dense solar energy to high-density, continuous, storable hydrogen-converted electrical energy.
Claims (15)
1. A split-beam photovoltaic and photothermal combined hydrogen production system comprises:
A. the light condensing device is used for condensing solar energy;
B. the light splitting device is arranged at the light condensation focus of the light condensation device and is used for splitting an incident light source into a visible light part and an infrared light part;
C. the heat collecting tube is arranged between the light condensing device and the light splitting device and is used for receiving the infrared light part reflected by the light splitting device;
D. the photovoltaic and photothermal integrated device is arranged at the downstream of the light splitting device and is used for receiving the visible light part projected by the light splitting device; photovoltaic light and heat integrated device includes from the illumination side in proper order:
i. the photovoltaic module is used for receiving the visible light part from the light splitting device and converting the visible light part into direct current electric energy;
a heat collecting plate attached to the photovoltaic module for collecting heat energy generated by heat generation due to the photovoltaic module receiving light;
a heat pipe attached to the heat collecting plate, the heat pipe being adapted to receive the heat energy collected from the heat collecting plate;
the heat-preservation and heat-insulation material is wrapped on the outer side of the part of the photovoltaic and photothermal integrated device except the side receiving illumination and is used for preventing heat loss of the photovoltaic and photothermal integrated device;
E. the first heat exchange pipeline is arranged in the condensation section of the heat pipe, exchanges heat with the heat pipe and collects heat from the condensation section of the heat pipe;
F. the first water tank is connected with the first heat exchange pipeline and is used for providing a water source for the first heat exchange pipeline and receiving the water after heat exchange from the first heat exchange pipeline;
G. the second water tank is connected with the heat collecting pipe through a second heat exchange pipeline and receives water in the second heat exchange pipeline after heat exchange with the heat collecting pipe;
H. a communication pipe connecting the first water tank and the second water tank, and introducing water having a relatively low temperature in the first water tank into the second water tank after the temperature of water in the second water tank rises to a second target temperature;
I. an electrolysis apparatus comprising
The electrolytic water pipeline is used for providing electrolytic water for the electrolytic tank, and is arranged in the second water tank and immersed in the water in the second water tank so as to exchange heat with the water in the second water tank fully; the electrolytic tank is connected with the photovoltaic module, receives direct current electric energy generated by the photovoltaic module, and electrolyzes electrolyzed water after heat exchange from the electrolyzed water pipe, so that hydrogen is obtained.
2. The photovoltaic and photothermal combined hydrogen production system according to claim 1, wherein said photovoltaic electrolytic hydrogen production system further comprises:
J. and the hydrogen water separation device is connected with the electrolytic cell and is used for receiving the hydrogen obtained by electrolysis in the electrolytic cell and separating water vapor in the hydrogen to obtain purified hydrogen.
3. The integrated photovoltaic and photothermal hydrogen production system according to claim 2, further comprising:
K. and the dryer is connected with the hydrogen water separation device and is used for drying the hydrogen from the hydrogen water separation device.
4. The photovoltaic and photothermal combined hydrogen production system according to claim 3, wherein said photovoltaic electrolytic hydrogen production system further comprises:
and the hydrogen storage device is connected with the dryer and is used for receiving and storing the hydrogen processed by the dryer.
5. The photovoltaic and photothermal combined hydrogen production system according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the heat pipe is selected from a gravity heat pipe or a siphon heat pipe, and the heat pipe is designed in a flat shape.
6. The photovoltaic and photothermal combined hydrogen production system according to any of claims 1-4, wherein said light splitting device is a membrane that is selectively transparent to light having a wavelength of 350 to 1100 nm.
7. The pv-photothermal cogeneration hydrogen production system of any of claims 1-4 wherein said pv hydrogen production system further comprises a fuel cell coupled to a hydrogen storage device.
8. The photovoltaic and photothermal combined hydrogen production system according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein said heat exchange tube is a serpentine heat exchange tube, a U-shaped heat exchange tube or a coil heat exchange tube.
9. The photovoltaic and photothermal combined hydrogen production system according to claim 8, wherein said heat exchange tubes are serpentine heat exchange tubes.
10. The photovoltaic and photothermal combined hydrogen production system according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the electrolyzer in the electrolyzer is a PEM electrolyzer.
11. The photovoltaic and photothermal combined hydrogen production system according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the electrolyzed water conduit is a serpentine-shaped electrolyzed water conduit, a U-shaped electrolyzed water conduit, or a coil-type electrolyzed water conduit.
12. The photovoltaic and photothermal combined hydrogen production system according to claim 11, wherein the electrolyzed water conduit is a serpentine-shaped electrolyzed water conduit.
13. A method of using the photovoltaic and photothermal combined hydrogen production system of any of claims 1-12 comprising:
sunlight is condensed to the light splitting device through the light condensing device, light rays in a visible light area are projected to the photovoltaic and photothermal integrated device through the light splitting device, and a part of visible light is absorbed by the photovoltaic module and is converted into electric energy through photoelectric conversion; then, the electric energy converted by photovoltaic is used as an electric energy source for electrolytic hydrogen production by an electrolytic cell, a mixture of hydrogen and water obtained by water electrolysis is electrolyzed by the electrolytic cell, and the obtained mixture is stored in a hydrogen storage device after passing through a hydrogen water separation device and a dryer;
the heat of the other part of visible light which is not absorbed by the photovoltaic module in the photovoltaic and photothermal integration device is absorbed by the heat collecting plate and reaches the heat pipe from the heat collecting plate in a heat conduction mode, then the heat energy in the heat pipe is absorbed by water through heat exchange with the water in the first heat exchange pipeline, and the water which absorbs the heat flows back to the first water tank through the first heat exchange pipeline to be stored;
on the other hand, light rays in an infrared light area reflected by the light splitting device are absorbed by the heat collecting pipe, heat absorbed by the heat collecting pipe is transferred to water in the second heat exchange pipe through the second heat exchange pipe, and then the water in the second heat exchange pipe flows back to the second water tank to be stored.
14. The method of claim 13, further comprising: by setting a first target temperature in the first tank, cold water is introduced when the temperature in the first tank exceeds the first target temperature, and water in the first tank is introduced into the second tank.
15. The method of claim 14, further comprising: and setting a second target temperature on the second water tank, and introducing the water with relatively low temperature in the first water tank into the second water tank after the water temperature in the second water tank rises to the second target temperature, wherein the second target temperature is higher than the first target temperature.
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| CN114059079B (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2023-05-02 | 西安交通大学 | Thermal self-sustaining concentrating photovoltaic electrolytic hydrogen production reaction system based on severe conditions |
| CN115595612A (en) * | 2022-10-14 | 2023-01-13 | 北京市煤气热力工程设计院有限公司（Cn） | Efficient zero-carbon thermoelectric supply system and method for coupling photovoltaic photo-thermal, fuel cell, hydrogen production and storage |
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