CN106121942A - A kind of supercritical solar power station using liquid lead bismuth heat transfer and heat accumulation - Google Patents

A kind of supercritical solar power station using liquid lead bismuth heat transfer and heat accumulation Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106121942A
CN106121942A CN201610425272.5A CN201610425272A CN106121942A CN 106121942 A CN106121942 A CN 106121942A CN 201610425272 A CN201610425272 A CN 201610425272A CN 106121942 A CN106121942 A CN 106121942A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
heat
lead bismuth
steam
liquid lead
storage tank
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CN201610425272.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
黄超
吴宜灿
黄群英
李阳
朱志强
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Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of CAS
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Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of CAS
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Priority to CN201610425272.5A priority Critical patent/CN106121942A/en
Publication of CN106121942A publication Critical patent/CN106121942A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/32—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines using steam of critical or overcritical pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/006—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method using solar heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/30—Solar heat collectors using working fluids with means for exchanging heat between two or more working fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a kind of supercritical solar power station using liquid lead bismuth heat transfer and heat accumulation, including the liquid lead bismuth heat transfer being made up of light-condensing and heat-collecting device, hot arc storage tank, hot arc lead bismuth pump, cold section of storage tank, cold section of lead bismuth pump, steam generator and hold over system, and the steam generating system being made up of steam generator, Steam Turbine, electromotor, condenser and feed pump；The heat transfer of described liquid lead bismuth and heat reservoir, liquid lead bismuth flows into light-condensing and heat-collecting device, heated rear inflow hot arc storage tank from cold section of storage tank, enters back into steam generator heating working medium, simultaneously by unnecessary thermal energy storage in hot arc storage tank；Described steam generating system, produces the acting of supercritical steam pushing turbine group and converts heat energy into kinetic energy in steam generator, electromotor converts kinetic energy into electric energy again.The present invention uses liquid lead bismuth collectively as heat transfer and heat-storage medium, simplifies heat transfer and heat reservoir designs, improve the overall thermal electrical efficiency in system reliability and power station.

Description

Supercritical solar power station adopting liquid lead bismuth for heat transfer and heat storage
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solar power generation, and particularly relates to a supercritical solar power station for transferring and storing heat by adopting liquid lead bismuth.
Background
With the increasing problems of fossil energy shortage, environmental pollution and the like, the use of renewable energy and clean energy becomes a subject of global general attention. The solar energy has the characteristics of abundant resources, reproducibility, cleanness and no pollution, and has wide development prospect.
The solar power generation technology is mainly divided into two categories, namely solar photovoltaic power generation and solar photo-thermal power generation. Solar photovoltaic power generation is a technology for directly converting light energy into electric energy by using a polycrystalline silicon battery, but the photovoltaic battery has the problem of secondary pollution and is not suitable for building a large-scale power station; the solar photo-thermal power generation is used as a completely clean power generation mode and is suitable for large-scale application.
With the development of large-scale solar photo-thermal power generation technology, solar power station systems gradually develop towards the direction of high parameter and high efficiency. In the current solar photo-thermal power generation system, the used media mainly comprise air, water, heat transfer oil and molten salt:
some photo-thermal power generation systems adopt sunlight to heat gas or water, part of generated high-temperature gas or steam directly enters a steam turbine to do work, and redundant high-temperature gas or steam heats heat conduction oil or fused salt through a heat exchanger and is stored in a heat storage system. The high-temperature gas or steam generated in the daytime can be supercritical gas or steam, so that the photo-thermal power generation system obtains high thermoelectric efficiency; however, the gas and water are used under high pressure, and the solar photo-thermal conversion system and the power generation system are far away from each other, so that the safety of the system is affected. Meanwhile, due to the influence of heat loss and heat transfer temperature difference, the temperature of heat conduction oil or molten salt in the heat storage system is low, so that supercritical gas or steam cannot be generated by the power generation system at night, and the thermoelectric efficiency is influenced.
Some photo-thermal power generation systems adopt heat conduction oil or molten salt as a heat transfer or heat storage medium, and then the heat transfer or heat storage medium is used for heating water to generate steam, and the steam pushes a steam turbine to do work. At present, the steam temperature of a subcritical unit is up to 538 ℃, the steam temperature of a supercritical unit is up to 566 ℃, and the steam temperature of an ultra supercritical unit exceeds 600 ℃. However, the maximum use temperature of the heat conduction oil is not more than 400 ℃, the Solar Salt is the best choice of the molten Salt for Solar power generation, the solidification point of the heat conduction oil reaches 220 ℃, the upper limit of the temperature is not more than 600 ℃, and the Solar power generation system is limited to develop towards higher parameters and higher efficiency. And the heat conducting oil has the fire risk, and the Solar Salt has the freezing and blocking risk.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the supercritical solar power station adopting liquid lead bismuth for heat transfer and heat storage is provided, the problems that the existing solar thermal power station is low in heat transfer coefficient and high in system pressure when air and water vapor are used as heat transfer media, the highest use temperature of heat transfer oil and fused salt is limited when the heat transfer oil and the fused salt are used as heat transfer or heat storage media and the like are solved, and the efficiency and the reliability of a solar thermal power generation system are improved.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a supercritical solar power station adopting liquid lead bismuth for heat transfer and heat storage comprises a light-gathering and heat-collecting device, a hot-section storage tank, a hot-section lead bismuth pump, a cold-section storage tank, a cold-section lead bismuth pump, a steam generator, a steam turbine set, a generator, a condenser and a water-feeding pump; wherein,
the light-gathering and heat-collecting device, the hot section storage tank, the hot section lead-bismuth pump, the cold section storage tank, the cold section lead-bismuth pump and the steam generator form a heat transfer and heat storage system; the liquid lead bismuth is simultaneously used as a heat transfer medium and a heat storage medium, absorbs heat energy accumulated and converted in the light-gathering and heat-collecting device, flows into the hot-section storage tank to store the heat energy, and the hot-section lead bismuth pump drives the liquid lead bismuth to enter the steam generator to transfer the heat energy to feed water, then flows into the cold-section storage tank, and finally is driven by the cold-section lead bismuth pump to flow back to the light-gathering and heat-collecting device;
the steam turbine set, the generator, the condenser and the water feeding pump form a steam power generation system; the steam generator is characterized in that water supply in the steam generator is heated by high-temperature liquid lead bismuth, generated supercritical steam pushes the steam turbine set to do work to convert heat energy into kinetic energy, the generator converts the kinetic energy into electric energy, steam flowing out of the steam turbine set is cooled into condensate water through the condenser, and the condensate water enters the steam generator again through the driving of the water supply pump.
The hot section storage tank is internally provided with a liquid lead bismuth oxygen control device, and the cold section storage tank is internally provided with a liquid lead bismuth oxygen control and purification device, so that the quality of liquid lead bismuth in the heat transfer system and the heat storage system is ensured.
The liquid lead bismuth heat transfer and storage system adopts liquid lead bismuth as a medium, and the working temperature of the liquid lead bismuth heat transfer and storage system exceeds 600 ℃; the steam generator generates supercritical steam with the parameter exceeding 24.2MPa/566 ℃, or supercritical steam with the parameter exceeding 25MPa/600 ℃.
The light-gathering and heat-collecting device can adopt different light-gathering modes such as a butterfly type, a groove type or a tower type according to different requirements.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a supercritical solar power station adopting liquid lead bismuth for heat transfer and heat storage, which adopts the liquid lead bismuth as a heat transfer and heat storage medium, simplifies the design of a heat transfer and heat storage system, and improves the reliability of the system by operating at normal pressure; in addition, liquid lead and bismuth are used as heat transfer and storage media, so that the supercritical steam can be generated under various solar radiation conditions, and the overall thermoelectric efficiency of the power station is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a supercritical solar power station employing liquid lead bismuth for heat transfer and storage in accordance with the present invention;
wherein: the system comprises a light-gathering and heat-collecting device 1, a hot section storage tank 2, a hot section lead-bismuth pump 3, a cold section storage tank 4, a cold section lead-bismuth pump 5, a steam generator 6, a steam turbine 7, a generator 8, a condenser 9 and a water feeding pump 10.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creative features and the achieved effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments. The following examples are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to be exhaustive. Other embodiments, which can be obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative effort, based on the embodiments in the present disclosure, belong to the protection scope of the present patent.
As shown in fig. 1, a supercritical solar power station using liquid lead bismuth for heat transfer and storage comprises a liquid lead bismuth heat transfer and storage system composed of a light-gathering and heat-collecting device 1, a hot-section storage tank 2, a hot-section lead bismuth pump 3, a cold-section storage tank 4, a cold-section lead bismuth pump 5 and a steam generator 6, and a steam power generation system composed of a turboset 7, a generator 8, a condenser 9 and a water-feeding pump 10.
The light-focusing and heat-collecting device 1 adopts a tower-type light-focusing mode to heat liquid lead bismuth to above 600 ℃, and then the liquid lead bismuth is conveyed into the heat section storage tank 2 to store heat energy. According to the change of the solar radiation intensity, the flow of the liquid lead-bismuth entering the light-gathering and heat-collecting device 1 from the cold-section storage tank 4 is subjected to frequency conversion regulation through the cold-section lead-bismuth pump 5.
After being fully mixed in the hot section storage tank 2, the liquid lead bismuth enters the steam generator 6 through the drive of the hot section lead bismuth pump 3, exchanges heat with secondary side feed water, and then flows back to the cold section storage tank 4. The lead-bismuth flow changes along with the change of load, so that the steam yield and the power of the steam turbine are matched with the power demand, and the effective and stable output of electric power is ensured.
A liquid lead bismuth oxygen control device is arranged in the hot section storage tank 2, and a liquid lead bismuth oxygen control and purification device is arranged in the cold section storage tank 4, so that the quality of liquid lead bismuth in a heat transfer system and a heat storage system is ensured. The liquid lead bismuth flows through the hot-section storage tank 2 and the cold-section storage tank 4 in an up-in-down-out mode, so that the liquid lead bismuth in the tanks flows integrally, and the oxygen control and purification efficiency is improved.
The steam power generation system adopts a supercritical unit, the steam generated in the steam generator 6 is supercritical steam, the steam pressure is 24.2MPa, and the steam temperature is 566 ℃. The steam generator 6 is of a vertical tube-shell type, and the heat exchange tube adopts a bayonet tube or a spiral tube structure, so that the axial temperature difference stress between the liquid lead bismuth and the water/steam medium is eliminated. The steam generator 6 is a straight-flow steam generator, liquid lead and bismuth pass through a shell pass, water/steam pass through a tube pass, and generated supercritical steam enters the steam turbine unit 7.

Claims (4)

1. A supercritical solar power station adopting liquid lead bismuth for heat transfer and heat storage is characterized in that: the device comprises a light-gathering and heat-collecting device (1), a hot section storage tank (2), a hot section lead-bismuth pump (3), a cold section storage tank (4), a cold section lead-bismuth pump (5), a steam generator (6), a steam turbine set (7), a generator (8), a condenser (9) and a water feeding pump (10); wherein,
the light-gathering and heat-collecting device (1), the hot section storage tank (2), the hot section lead-bismuth pump (3), the cold section storage tank (4), the cold section lead-bismuth pump (5) and the steam generator (6) form a heat transfer and heat storage system; the liquid lead bismuth is simultaneously used as a heat transfer and storage medium, heat energy generated by gathering and converting in the light-gathering and heat-collecting device (1) is absorbed, the heat energy flows into the hot-section storage tank (2) to be stored, the hot-section lead bismuth pump (3) drives the liquid lead bismuth to enter the steam generator (6) to transfer the heat energy to feed water, then the heat energy flows into the cold-section storage tank (4), and finally the heat energy is driven by the cold-section lead bismuth pump (5) to flow back to the light-gathering and heat-collecting device (1);
the steam turbine set (7), the generator (8), the condenser (9) and the water feeding pump (10) form a steam power generation system; the water supply in the steam generator (6) is heated by high-temperature liquid lead bismuth, the generated supercritical steam pushes the steam turbine set (7) to do work to convert heat energy into kinetic energy, the generator (8) converts the kinetic energy into electric energy, the steam flowing out of the steam turbine set (7) is cooled into condensed water by the condenser (9), and the condensed water is driven by the water supply pump (10) to enter the steam generator (6) again.
2. The supercritical solar power station with liquid lead bismuth heat transfer and storage of claim 1 characterized by: after being heated by the light-gathering and heat-collecting device (1), the liquid lead bismuth directly flows into the hot section storage tank (2) to store heat energy, and then the flow of the lead bismuth entering the steam generator (6) is adjusted by the hot section lead bismuth pump (3) to match load change.
3. The supercritical solar power station with liquid lead bismuth heat transfer and storage of claim 1 characterized by: the working temperature of the liquid lead bismuth exceeds 600 ℃, and the steam generator (6) can generate supercritical steam with the parameter exceeding 24.2MPa/566 ℃ or supercritical steam with the parameter exceeding 25MPa/600 ℃ under various solar radiation conditions.
4. The supercritical solar power station with liquid lead bismuth heat transfer and storage of claim 1 characterized by: the light and heat collecting device (1) can adopt a butterfly type, groove type or tower type light condensing mode according to different requirements.
CN201610425272.5A 2016-06-14 2016-06-14 A kind of supercritical solar power station using liquid lead bismuth heat transfer and heat accumulation Pending CN106121942A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106677847A (en) * 2016-12-29 2017-05-17 中科瑞华原子能源技术有限公司 Thermal cycle system for pressure reduction and reheating of small lead cooled reactor
CN107091586A (en) * 2017-03-15 2017-08-25 浙江大学 Boiler fired coal electricity generation system with double tank heat storage type generating adjustments
CN108518663A (en) * 2018-03-30 2018-09-11 清华大学天津高端装备研究院 A kind of steam generator and nuclear equipment suitable for lead bismuth heap
CN109340065A (en) * 2018-08-03 2019-02-15 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 A kind of photo-thermal power station participates in peak load regulation network control method and device

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WO2011103560A2 (en) * 2010-02-22 2011-08-25 University Of South Florida Method and system for generating power from low- and mid- temperature heat sources
CN102242698A (en) * 2010-05-11 2011-11-16 北京智慧剑科技发展有限责任公司 Distributed-type heat and power cogeneration set capable of accumulating energy and heat
CN102400867A (en) * 2010-09-08 2012-04-04 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Supercritical CO2 (carbon dioxide) solar thermal generating system with heat accumulating function
CA2741777A1 (en) * 2011-05-24 2012-11-24 Ning Meng Low temperature rankine cycle solar power system with low critical temperature hfc or hc working fluid
CN103742373A (en) * 2013-12-25 2014-04-23 青海中控太阳能发电有限公司 Tower solar thermal power plant utilizing supercritical water heat absorber and molten salt heat storage
CN104632560A (en) * 2015-02-09 2015-05-20 南京瑞柯徕姆环保科技有限公司 Method and system for closing type Britten-Rankine combined cycle solar heat power generation
CN105157251A (en) * 2015-08-17 2015-12-16 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Phase change heat storage device used for solar energy direct evaporating system

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1930587A2 (en) * 2006-12-08 2008-06-11 United Technologies Corporation Supercritical C02 turbine for use in solar power plants
WO2011103560A2 (en) * 2010-02-22 2011-08-25 University Of South Florida Method and system for generating power from low- and mid- temperature heat sources
CN102242698A (en) * 2010-05-11 2011-11-16 北京智慧剑科技发展有限责任公司 Distributed-type heat and power cogeneration set capable of accumulating energy and heat
CN102400867A (en) * 2010-09-08 2012-04-04 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 Supercritical CO2 (carbon dioxide) solar thermal generating system with heat accumulating function
CA2741777A1 (en) * 2011-05-24 2012-11-24 Ning Meng Low temperature rankine cycle solar power system with low critical temperature hfc or hc working fluid
CN103742373A (en) * 2013-12-25 2014-04-23 青海中控太阳能发电有限公司 Tower solar thermal power plant utilizing supercritical water heat absorber and molten salt heat storage
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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106677847A (en) * 2016-12-29 2017-05-17 中科瑞华原子能源技术有限公司 Thermal cycle system for pressure reduction and reheating of small lead cooled reactor
CN107091586A (en) * 2017-03-15 2017-08-25 浙江大学 Boiler fired coal electricity generation system with double tank heat storage type generating adjustments
CN108518663A (en) * 2018-03-30 2018-09-11 清华大学天津高端装备研究院 A kind of steam generator and nuclear equipment suitable for lead bismuth heap
CN108518663B (en) * 2018-03-30 2019-10-29 清华大学天津高端装备研究院 A kind of steam generator and nuclear equipment suitable for lead bismuth heap
CN109340065A (en) * 2018-08-03 2019-02-15 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 A kind of photo-thermal power station participates in peak load regulation network control method and device
CN109340065B (en) * 2018-08-03 2023-11-14 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 Method and device for controlling photo-thermal power station to participate in power grid peak regulation

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