CN101091096A - 用于冷却压缩空气流的方法和设备 - Google Patents

用于冷却压缩空气流的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN101091096A
CN101091096A CNA2005800449429A CN200580044942A CN101091096A CN 101091096 A CN101091096 A CN 101091096A CN A2005800449429 A CNA2005800449429 A CN A2005800449429A CN 200580044942 A CN200580044942 A CN 200580044942A CN 101091096 A CN101091096 A CN 101091096A
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P·勒博
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Abstract

本发明公开了利用一个或多个具有基本垂直的取向的细长容器(5)的用于冷却压缩气流的方法和设备。每个容器具有一个用于在压缩气流(4’)和冷却流(37、39)之间进行间接热交换的隔室(5A)以及用于压缩气流和液体流(15、17)之间直接接触的第二隔室(5B)。所述两个隔室通过一允许空气向上通过但阻止液体向下通过的隔板分隔开。该设计允许有效地利用压缩空气中存在的热量。

Description

用于冷却压缩空气流的方法和设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于冷却压缩空气流的方法和设备。
背景技术
经常需要冷却压缩空气流以去除压缩热，并且在有些情况下需要将空气冷却到低于环境温度，例如在使用绝热压缩机压缩将要在低温蒸馏设备中分离的空气的情况。
标准程序是将压缩空气送入冷却塔，压缩空气在该冷却塔中通过与来自制冷回路的水直接接触而被冷却。美国专利4,367,082和5,669,237说明了标准的低温蒸馏空气分离设备，其中通过与水间接热交换冷却空气，然后净化并送入塔中进行分离。
由美国专利4,461,154已知，在绝热压缩机中被压缩的空气可用于预热锅炉给水。
美国专利6,117,916说明了在发送来自压缩机的空气之前使用来自绝热压缩机的热量使工作流体升温。空气随后被进一步冷却并送入空气分离设备。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是有效地利用压缩空气中存在的热量以产生能量。
本发明提供了一种用于在一设备中冷却气流的方法，该方法包括：
a)提供至少一个具有基本垂直的取向的细长容器，其中所述细长容器包括：
(i)第一端和第二端；
(ii)用于在气流和至少一股冷却流之间进行间接热交换以产生冷却的气流的第一隔室；
(iii)用于所述冷却的气流和液体流之间直接接触以产生进一步冷却的气流的第二隔室；以及
(iv)分隔开所述第一和第二隔室、允许气体向上通过但阻止液体向下通过的隔板；
b)靠近所述第一端将气流引入所述第一隔室，并靠近所述第二端从所述第二隔室取出所述进一步冷却的气流；
c)将至少一股冷却流引入所述第一隔室，并从所述第一隔室取出升温的所述至少一股冷却流；以及
d)靠近所述第二端将液体流引入所述第二隔室，并靠近所述隔板从所述第二隔室取出升温的所述液体流。
此外，本发明提供了一种用于冷却压缩气流的设备，该设备包括至少一个具有基本垂直的轴线取向的细长容器，其中所述细长容器包括：
a)第一端和第二端；
b)用于在压缩气流和至少一股冷却流之间进行间接热交换的第一隔室；
c)用于冷却的所述压缩气流和液体流之间直接接触的第二隔室；
d)分隔开所述第一和第二隔室并且在使用时允许气体向上通过但阻止液体向下通过的隔板；
e)用于靠近所述第一端将所述压缩气流引入所述第一隔室的管路；
f)用于靠近所述第二端从所述第二隔室取出冷却的所述压缩气流的管路；
g)用于将所述至少一股冷却流引入所述第一隔室的管路；
h)用于从第一隔室取出升温的所述至少一股冷却流的管路；
i)用于靠近所述第二端将所述液体流引入所述第二隔室的管路；以及
j)用于靠近所述隔板从所述第二隔室取出升温的所述液体流的管路。
附图说明
为了进一步理解本发明的实质和目的，参照下面结合附图给出的详细说明，其中附图中同样的元件用相同的或类似的标号表示，在附图中：
-图1示出本发明的第一实施例；以及
-图2示出本发明的第二实施例。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种用于在一设备中冷却气流的方法，该设备包括一具有在使用时基本垂直地定向的轴线的细长容器，所述细长容器包括第一端和第二端、用于在气流和至少一股冷却流之间进行间接热交换以产生冷却的气流的第一隔室以及用于冷却的气流和液体流之间直接接触以产生进一步冷却的气流的第二隔室，所述第一和第二隔室通过在使用时允许气体向上通过但阻止液体向下通过的隔板分隔开，所述方法包括：靠近第一端将气流引入第一隔室；靠近第二端从第二隔室取出进一步冷却的气流；将所述至少一股冷却流引入第一隔室；从第一隔室取出升温的所述至少一股冷却流；靠近第二端将液体流引入第二隔室；以及靠近隔板从第二隔室取出升温的液体流。
根据本发明的另一实施例，该方法包括：
a)将至少两股冷却流引入第一隔室，所述至少两股冷却流具有不同压力和不同温度中的至少一个；
b)通过在第一隔室中气流和至少一股冷却流之间间接接触而进行热交换，并且通过在第二隔室中冷却的气流和液体流之间直接接触而进行热交换；
c)当所述至少一股冷却流是液体时，在第一隔室中通过与气流进行热交换而使所述冷却流蒸发，并且从第一隔室中取出蒸汽状态下的所述至少一股冷却流；以及
d)在第二隔室的中间位置将另外的液体流引入第二隔室中。
本发明的另一实施例提供了一种分离空气的方法，在该方法中，空气被压缩，然后按照上述方法冷却到一中间温度，随后通过另外的冷却方法冷却到深冷温度，然后被送到低温蒸馏设备的蒸馏塔中。
此外，本发明提供了一种用于冷却压缩气流的设备，该设备包括一具有基本垂直的轴线取向的细长容器，其中所述细长容器包括：
a)第一端和第二端；
b)用于在压缩气流和至少一股冷却流之间进行间接热交换的第一隔室；
c)用于冷却的压缩气流和液体流之间直接接触的第二隔室，所述第一和第二隔室通过在使用时允许气体向上通过但阻止液体向下通过的隔板分隔开；
d)用于靠近第一端将压缩气流引入第一隔室的管路；
e)用于靠近第二端从第二隔室取出冷却的压缩气流的管路；
f)用于将所述至少一股冷却流引入第一隔室的管路；
g)用于从第一隔室取出升温的所述至少一股冷却流的管路；
h)用于靠近第二端将液体流引入第二隔室的管路；以及
i)用于靠近隔板从第二隔室取出升温的液体流的管路。该设备的另外的实施例可包括：
a)用于将至少两股冷却流引入第一隔室的装置；
b)用于允许在第一隔室中压缩气流和冷却流之间间接接触的装置；
c)用于允许在第二隔室中压缩气流和液体流之间直接接触的装置；以及
d)用于在第二隔室的中间位置将另外的第二股液体流引入第二隔室的装置。
本发明还提供了一种用于冷却压缩气流的设备，该设备包括：具有在使用时基本垂直地定向的轴线的第一和第二细长容器，每个所述容器包括第一端和第二端；第一容器包括用于在压缩气流和至少一股冷却流之间进行间接热交换以产生冷却的压缩气流的隔室；第二容器具有用于冷却的压缩气流和液体流之间直接接触的隔室；用于靠近第一隔室的第一端将压缩气流引入第一隔室的管路；用于靠近第二端从第一隔室取出冷却的压缩气流的管路；用于靠近第二容器的第一端将冷却的压缩气流引入第二容器的管路；用于靠近第二容器的第二端从第二容器取出进一步冷却的压缩气流的管路；用于将所述至少一股冷却流引入第一容器的管路；用于从第一容器取出升温的所述至少一股冷却流的管路；用于靠近第二端将所述液体流引入第二容器的管路；以及用于靠近第二容器的第一端从第二容器取出升温的液体流的管路。
本发明的另一方面提供了一种空气分离设备，包括：压缩机；用于将空气送到压缩机的管路；如上文所述的冷却设备；用于将空气从压缩机送到冷却设备的管路；用于将空气从所述冷却设备送到另一冷却设备的管路；包含至少一个蒸馏塔的塔系统；用于将空气从所述另一冷却设备送到塔系统的塔中的管路；以及用于从塔系统的塔中取出产品的管路。
另一实施例提供了一种空气分离设备，包括：压缩机；用于将空气送到压缩机的管路；如上文所述的冷却设备；用于将空气从压缩机送到冷却设备的管路；用于将空气从所述冷却设备送到另一冷却设备的管路；包含至少一个蒸馏塔的塔系统；用于将空气从所述另一冷却设备送到塔系统的塔中的管路；以及用于从塔系统的塔中取出产品的管路。
在图1中，绝热压缩机1用于压缩空气流2。如果压缩到大约7 bar abs，则空气温度大约是350℃。然后，将空气送到一热交换器3，在该热交换器3中所述空气用于加热两股在该热交换器3中处于两种不同压力下的水流37、39，以形成处于两种不同压力下的蒸汽流7、9。应该理解，根据所要产生的蒸汽流的数量，可用多个热交换器代替交换器3。典型地，交换器3可被认为是一具有第一端和第二端的隔室，在该隔室中在至少一股水流和压缩空气之间发生间接热交换以产生冷却的压缩空气流。
在交换器3中冷却的空气4被送入冷却塔5的底部并在该冷却塔中通过与在两个分离的位置引入的水15、17直接接触而进行热交换。
在冷却塔5中冷却的空气17然后在净化装置8中净化。
根据图2所示的另一实施例，不需要交换器3并且水流37、39和直接来自压缩机1的空气之间的热交换发生在冷却塔5的底部。冷却塔5被分成两个隔室：第一隔室5A和第二隔室5B，其中在第一隔室中发生热空气4和水流37、39之间的间接接触，在第二隔室中发生已在第一隔室中冷却的空气和引入第二隔室的至少一股水流15、17之间的直接接触。隔板21阻止向下通过第二隔室5B的水渗入第一隔室5A，但是允许空气从第一隔室向上进入第二隔室5B。
在第一隔室5A中，处于较高压力下的水流37在隔室底部的温度最高的盘管137中循环，处于较低压力下的水流39在盘管137上方的温度较低的另一盘管139中循环。应该理解，可以使用任何数量的水流和/或盘管。
第二隔室5B包含塔板、规整填料、散装填料或任何其它允许空气和水之间的传质和传热的填料。在塔顶部引入在吸收式冷却装置31中冷却后的水流15，并在第二隔室5B的中间位置引入水流17。空气从第一隔室上升到第二隔室5B中，并在其中通过与水直接热传递而被冷却。在第二隔室的底部取出升温的水41，然后以现有技术所熟知的方式再循环到冷却塔。
净化在塔顶部取出的冷却空气，在低温热交换器中进一步冷却并送到蒸馏塔系统的塔中以将其分离成气态和/或液态产品。可将至少一种产品送到需要蒸汽的设备，通过与压缩空气流相互作用蒸发而产生该蒸汽，如图1和2所示。
应该理解，尽管在上文中仅示出并说明了本发明的一个实施例，但是本领域的技术人员可在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下进行多种修改。

Claims (13)

1.一种用于在一设备中冷却气流的方法，包括：
a)提供至少一个具有基本垂直的取向的细长容器，其中所述细长
容器包括：
(i)第一端和第二端；
(ii)用于在气流和至少一股冷却流之间进行间接热交换以产生冷却的气流的第一隔室；
(iii)用于所述冷却的气流和液体流之间直接接触以产生进一步冷却的气流的第二隔室；以及
(iv)分隔开所述第一和第二隔室并且在使用时允许气体向上通过但阻止液体向下通过的隔板；
b)靠近所述第一端将气流引入所述第一隔室，靠近所述第二端从所述第二隔室取出所述进一步冷却的气流；
c)将至少一股冷却流引入所述第一隔室，从所述第一隔室取出升温的所述至少一股冷却流；以及
d)靠近所述第二端将液体流引入所述第二隔室，并靠近所述隔板从所述第二隔室取出升温的所述液体流。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括将至少两股冷却流引入所述第一隔室，其中所述冷却流具有不同的压力或不同的温度。
3.根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括通过在所述第一隔室中所述气流和所述至少一股冷却流之间间接接触而进行热交换，以及通过在所述第二隔室中所述冷却的气流和所述液体流之间直接接触而进行热交换。
4.根据权利要求3的方法，其特征在于，所述至少一股冷却流是液体，所述方法包括在所述第一隔室中通过与所述气流进行热交换使所述冷却流蒸发，以及从所述第一隔室取出蒸汽状态下的所述至少一股冷却流。
5.根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括将另外的液体流引入所述第二隔室的中间位置。
6.一种分离空气的方法，包括：
a)压缩空气；
b)按照权利要求1的方法将空气冷却到一中间温度；
c)通过另外的冷却方法将空气冷却到深冷温度；以及
d)将空气送到低温蒸馏设备的蒸馏塔中。
7.一种用于冷却压缩气流的设备，包括：
a)具有在使用时基本垂直地定向的轴线的细长容器，该细长容器包括：
(i)第一端和第二端；
(ii)用于在压缩气流和至少一股冷却流之间进行间接热交换的第一隔室；
(iii)用于冷却的压缩气流和液体流之间直接接触的第二隔室；
(iv)分隔开所述第一和第二隔室并且在使用时允许气体向上通过但阻止液体向下通过的隔板；
b)用于靠近所述第一端将压缩气流引入第一隔室的管路；
c)用于靠近所述第二端从第二隔室取出冷却的压缩气流的管路；
d)用于将所述至少一股冷却流引入第一隔室的管路；
e)用于从第一隔室取出升温的所述至少一股冷却流的管路；
f)用于靠近所述第二端将液体流引入第二隔室的管路；以及
g)用于靠近隔板从第二隔室取出升温的所述液体流的管路。
8.根据权利要求7的设备，其特征在于，所述设备包括用于将至少两股冷却流引入所述第一隔室的管路。
9.根据权利要求7的设备，其特征在于，所述设备包括允许在所述第一隔室中所述压缩气流和所述冷却流之间间接接触的装置，以及允许在所述第二隔室中所述压缩气流和液体流之间直接接触的装置。
10.根据权利要求7的设备，其特征在于，所述设备包括用于将另外的液体流引入所述第二隔室的中间位置的管路。
11.一种用于冷却压缩气流的设备，包括：
a)具有在使用时基本垂直地定向的轴线的第一和第二细长容器，其中每个所述容器都包括第一端和第二端；
b)所述第一容器包括用于在压缩气流和至少一股冷却流之间进行间接热交换以产生冷却的压缩气流的隔室；
c)所述第二容器具有用于所述冷却的压缩气流和液体流之间直接接触的隔室；
d)用于靠近第一隔室的第一端将所述压缩气流引入该第一隔室的管路；
e)用于靠近第二端从所述第一隔室取出所述冷却的压缩气流的管路；
f)用于靠近所述第二容器的第一端将所述冷却的压缩气流引入所述第二容器的管路；
g)用于靠近所述第二容器的第二端从所述第二容器取出进一步冷却的压缩气流的管路；
h)用于将所述至少一股冷却流引入所述第一容器的管路；
i)用于从所述第一容器取出升温的所述至少一股冷却流的管路；
j)用于靠近第二端将所述液体流引入所述第二容器的管路；以及
k)用于靠近所述第二容器的第一端从所述第二容器取出升温的所述液体流的管路。
12.一种空气分离设备，包括：
a)压缩机；
b)用于将空气送到压缩机的管路；
c)根据权利要求7的冷却设备；
d)用于将空气从所述压缩机送到所述冷却设备的管路；
e)用于将空气从所述冷却设备送到另一冷却设备的管路；
f)包含至少一个蒸馏塔的塔系统；
g)用于将空气从所述另一冷却设备送到所述塔系统的塔中的管路；以及
h)用于从所述塔系统的塔中取出产品的管路。
13.一种空气分离设备，包括：
a)压缩机；
b)用于将空气送到所述压缩机的管路；
c)根据权利要求11的冷却设备；
d)用于将空气从所述压缩机送到所述冷却设备的管路；
e)用于将空气从所述冷却设备送到另一冷却设备的管路；
f)包含至少一个蒸馏塔的塔系统；
g)用于将空气从所述另一冷却设备送到所述塔系统的塔中的管路；以及
h)用于从所述塔系统的塔中取出产品的管路。
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