CN101091088B - 避免氮氧化物的锅炉炉膛 - Google Patents

避免氮氧化物的锅炉炉膛 Download PDF

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CN101091088B
CN101091088B CN2005800276646A CN200580027664A CN101091088B CN 101091088 B CN101091088 B CN 101091088B CN 2005800276646 A CN2005800276646 A CN 2005800276646A CN 200580027664 A CN200580027664 A CN 200580027664A CN 101091088 B CN101091088 B CN 101091088B
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water jacket
jacket wall
inner water
boiler furnace
water
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CN101091088A (zh
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金炳斗
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B21/00—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically
    • F22B21/02—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from substantially straight water tubes
    • F22B21/04—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from substantially straight water tubes involving a single upper drum and a single lower drum, e.g. the drums being arranged transversely
    • F22B21/06—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from substantially straight water tubes involving a single upper drum and a single lower drum, e.g. the drums being arranged transversely the water tubes being arranged annularly in sets, e.g. in abutting connection with drums of annular shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/08—Cooling thereof; Tube walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B21/00—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically
    • F22B21/02—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from substantially straight water tubes
    • F22B21/04—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from substantially straight water tubes involving a single upper drum and a single lower drum, e.g. the drums being arranged transversely
    • F22B21/08—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from substantially straight water tubes involving a single upper drum and a single lower drum, e.g. the drums being arranged transversely the water tubes being arranged sectionally in groups or in banks, e.g. bent over at their ends
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C5/00—Disposition of burners with respect to the combustion chamber or to one another; Mounting of burners in combustion apparatus
    • F23C5/08—Disposition of burners
    • F23C5/32—Disposition of burners to obtain rotating flames, i.e. flames moving helically or spirally
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F23L9/02—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel  by discharging the air above the fire

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于防止热Nox(氮氧化物)和用较小锅炉就可以提高热效率的锅炉炉膛。为此目的，依照本发明的锅炉炉膛具有一外水套壁和内水套壁。所有的水套壁都装有水，用来吸收火焰的热量和冷却作为容器、管道水蒸发器的装水管和冷却用膜彼此连接的水套壁。外水套壁和内水套壁之间形成的管状空间以容纳火，避免生成火球，因集中的火焰造成高温，火球会生成氮氧化物。

Description

避免氮氧化物的锅炉炉膛 
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于发电的锅炉炉膛。 
背景技术
现有两种锅炉炉膛。一种是家庭型，一种是发电型。家庭型的锅炉产生低压的暖水。发电型锅炉产生高压蒸汽。由于上述的要求不同，导致两种锅炉的结构和系统也完全不同。对于家庭型锅炉而言，单燃料喷嘴朝上安装在炉膛底部或者朝下安装在炉膛顶部，周围被水套壁包围。对于发电型锅炉而言，多个燃料喷嘴以离心方向形式安装在炉膛中，周围被水套壁包围。如图1所示，在传统的离心状锅炉炉膛，所述空间108用作燃料的燃烧区间，因为从所述燃料喷嘴喷入的燃料就在由所述水套104壁圈成的空间108内燃烧。在从各喷嘴喷出的燃料燃烧时构成的火焰聚在空间108，然后就变成一个大圆柱形火焰110，圆柱形火焰110的中心变成一个高温火球112。火球的温度高达1000℃以上。这样的高温把空气中的氧和氮结合在一起生成大量的氮氧化物(称之为NOx)，是对环境有毒的物质。修建高的超级加热结构、节能器、空气预热器、炉膛上的灰尘收集器以及专门的地面NOx(氮氧化物)处理设备需要大量的建造费用。在使用固体燃料时，如传统锅炉炉膛中那样，灰烬会带来另外一个问题。燃烧后留下的灰烬被灼热的火球112熔化，变成粘性炼渣粘在水管上，降低了其热传导性。 
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是避免热NOx(氮氧化物)。本发明的另外一个目的是提供一种高热效率的较小的锅炉。 
为了达到上述目的，依照本发明的锅炉炉膛包括外水套壁，外水套壁在每个角落带有喷射燃料和空气的喷嘴，特征在于，在由外水套壁包围的空间中设置辅助水套壁并位于假定火球位置。 
由辅助水套壁包围的小块区域可作为有用的空间来利用，就像预热器、节能器。因此，本发明的锅炉炉膛避免了火球，使得火焰温度降低，避免了产生热NOx(氮氧化物)，还可向水传导更多的热量，由于提供了较大的接触面积，因此可导致较小的锅炉具有较高的效率。烧到外水套壁围成的区域中心的火焰被内水套壁反射送回到外水套壁，加热外水套壁中的水。
在内水套壁反射的过程中，火焰热能传送到内水套壁中的水。为了把更多的热量传送到水套壁，可以缩短火焰到外水套壁间的距离，进一步加热内水套壁。通过防止火球，设置低火焰温度高燃烧效率的火道，避免了热NOx(氮氧化物)。 
附图说明
图1是一种现有的煤粉锅炉炉膛的水平横截面图； 
图2是本发明第一实施例带有局部剖的立体示意图； 
图3所示本发明第一实施例的水平视图，用于说明设置在锅炉炉膛中的外水套壁和内水套壁的结构； 
图4所示本发明第二实施例的水平视图，用于说明设置在锅炉炉膛中的外水套壁和内水套壁的结构； 
图5所示为内水套壁的立体示意图，它说明形成于水套壁之间的膜上的空气注入孔的排列； 
图6所示为内水套壁的横截面示意图，说明膜上设置的空气注入孔的方向； 
图7所示为安装在本发明锅炉炉膛中的内水套壁结构的另外一个实施例的横截面示意图； 
具体实施方式
结合附图对本发明作详细介绍。 
图2是属于本发明的锅炉炉膛的带有局部剖的立体示意图。本发明所涉及的锅炉炉膛包括内水套壁10和外水套壁6以及位于内水套壁10和外水套壁6之间的燃烧空间S，如图2所示。所述外水套壁6由多个平行的水管和连接并密封平行的水管的膜组成，外水套壁沿着锅炉炉膛的外圆周。所述内水套壁10由多个平行的水管和连接并密封平行的水管的膜组成，内 水套壁10位于外水套壁6中。所述需要的燃烧空间S通过调整内水套壁10和外水套壁6之间的空间设置而成。 
构成水套壁的水管包含流动的水。 
另一方面，可以把内水套壁10制成图3和图4所示的圆截面，因为圆形使火道更优越，增加在燃烧空间S中的热吸收效率，因为它使火道沿内水套壁更好地旋转接触。 
如图5和图6所示，多个空气注入孔241设在内水套壁上和连接并密封平行的水管之间的空隙的膜上，空气注入孔241在膜上以向上的角度呈螺旋分布，如图6所示。 
图7是内水套壁10的另外一种实施方式的横截面视图，它包含多弯曲水套壁，以需要的间隔离心地设置。 
在图7中所示的内水套壁10中，在水套壁之间的膜上设置的空气注入孔241可以自动地免除，因为各独立的水套壁间的空隙起到了空气注入孔241的作用。 
下面介绍的实例是对本发明的操作解释。在所有盛水管中装水，起始燃料通过位于外水套壁6并指向内水套壁10的切线方向的喷嘴注入到燃烧空间S，点火，直到火烧旺。根据上述顺序，火焰烧旺并充满位于内水套壁10和外水套壁6之间的燃烧空间S，由于火焰被两侧的内水套壁和外水套壁10，6所抑制而形成火道形。因此，所述的火焰沿内水套壁10在内水套壁和外水套壁10，6之间的燃烧空间S中旋转。在所述燃烧空间S中的火焰燃烧温度并不很高，因为避免了火焰的集中，及由内水套壁10的空气注入孔241提供了冷却空气。 
因此，依照本发明的锅炉炉膛不会生成氮氧化物，因氮氧化物是由于高温火焰使热空气中的氮氧化。另一方面，使用涂有耐磨材料的炉膛是理想的，以克服由于火焰的偏转和由于火焰中伴随着灰烬在火焰到两个水套壁之间的短短距离微粒冲击造成的腐蚀。如上所述，依照本发明的锅炉炉膛使火焰变成沿内水套壁10和外水套壁6间的燃烧空间S旋转的火道，从设在内水套壁上的空气注入孔241注入的空气使空气和燃料充分混合，得到最大的燃烧效率，防止了生成氮氧化物的高温，管状火焰在两边加热内水套壁和外水套壁，使水温变得更高且水管中的水汽更多。 
依照本发明的锅炉炉膛不仅防止了热NOx(氮氧化物)，而且还有其他效果，如由于受热面积增加获得更多水汽，旋转管状火焰，在限制区域火焰浓度增高，在火焰和水套壁之间距离封闭，防止了热量积聚在水管表面形成隔热的炼渣。 
根据本发明，热NOx(氮氧化物)可以被显著地降低，锅炉构造的规模也可以显著降低，因为锅炉的效率通过较低的超级加热构造得到提高。 

Claims (3)

1.锅炉炉膛，包括：
炉壁；
在炉壁内的外水套壁；
在外水套壁内的内水套壁；
外水套壁和内水套壁之间的燃烧室；
在炉膛的每个角上漩涡喷嘴喷射燃料空气混合物的角度相对水平方向倾斜，与假定火球相切，
其特征在于：内水套壁进一步包括连接若干水管的膜，所述膜上具有空气孔向所述燃烧室供应空气，并保护所述内水套壁免受火焰冲击。
2.根据权利要求1的锅炉炉膛，其中，所述外水套壁和内水套壁包括若干个互相连接的平行的水管。
3.根据权利要求1的锅炉炉膛，其中，内水套壁的横截面为圆形。
CN2005800276646A 2004-09-07 2005-09-07 避免氮氧化物的锅炉炉膛 Expired - Fee Related CN101091088B (zh)

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KR10-2004-0071483 2004-09-07
KR1020040071483 2004-09-07
KR1020040071483A KR100764903B1 (ko) 2004-09-07 2004-09-07 발전소용 미분탄 보일러 노 구조
PCT/KR2005/002957 WO2006028349A1 (en) 2004-09-07 2005-09-07 BOILER FURNACE WHICH AVOID THERMAL NOx

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CN101091088B true CN101091088B (zh) 2011-01-05

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US20070186828A1 (en) 2007-08-16
KR20060022611A (ko) 2006-03-10
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WO2006028349A1 (en) 2006-03-16
RU2007104686A (ru) 2008-10-20
US8281750B2 (en) 2012-10-09
KR100764903B1 (ko) 2007-10-09
RU2355946C2 (ru) 2009-05-20
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US8322314B2 (en) 2012-12-04
AU2005280855A1 (en) 2006-03-16

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