CN101077862B - D-葡萄糖基-l-氨基酸、其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
D-葡萄糖基-l-氨基酸、其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一类具有通式1结构的化合物,其中R的定义如说明书所述。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及氨基酸衍生物,尤其涉及一类D-葡萄糖基-L-氨基酸,其制备方法以及作它们作为锌或铜络合剂的用途,属于生物医药领域。
背景技术
锌和铜是人体重要的金属。例如锌和铜作为人体一系列重要酶的辅基,在维持酶活性中起重要作用。又例如锌和铜直接参与人体生长发育过程,在维持人体的基本功能中起重要作用。人体的锌或铜不足或过量都会导致疾病,这是大众熟知的常识。因为锌或铜不足时需要补充锌或铜,锌或铜过量时需要驱排锌和铜,目前,补充或驱排锌或铜都通过络合的途经来实现,所以寻找安全有效的络合剂一直受到特别关注。本发明人在申请号为03146187.5的专利说明书中披露了10种D-葡萄糖基-L-氨基酸作为铅驱排剂的特殊用途和明确的安全性。深入分析D-葡萄糖基-L-氨基酸的结构与不同金属络合时的作用,本发明人进一步认识到,具有D-葡萄糖基-L-氨基酸结构特征的另外10种化合物与锌和铜应当具有明确的络合能力,作为锌或铜的新型络合剂应用。
发明内容
本发明首先所要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的不足,提供一类新的D-葡萄糖基-L-氨基酸,该D-葡萄糖基-L-氨基酸具有较强的与锌或铜的络合能力,可以作为一种新的锌或铜的络合剂。
本发明首先所要解决的技术问题是通过以下技术途径来实现的:
具有通式I结构的D-葡萄糖基-L-氨基酸及具有结构式II的化合物:
其中,R选自CH2CH2COOH、4-OH-C6H4CH2、CH2CONH2、CH2CH2CONH2、C6H5CH2、CH(CH3)CH2CH3、CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2、CH2CH2CH2NHC(NH)NH2、1H-咪唑-4基甲基。
本发明D-葡萄糖基-L-氨基酸的结构单元(葡萄糖和氨基酸)是人体内源性物质。本发明将葡萄糖结构引入到氨基酸分子中,可以增强氨基酸分子穿透细胞膜的能力,促进它们将锌或铜运入细胞内或排出细胞外。此外,D-葡萄糖基-L-氨基酸在体内代谢生成的氨基酸和葡萄糖作为人体内源性物质对人体不易产生毒副作用,有利于长期服用。
本发明所要解决的另一个技术问题是提供一种制备上述化合物的方法。
本发明所要解决的另一个技术问题是通过以下技术途径来实现的:
一种制备通式I化合物的方法,包括以下步骤:
将D-葡萄糖和L-氨基酸与碱在50-60℃下反应,然后用还原剂还原,再将还原后的产物与酸反应,即得。
上述制备方法中,所述的L-氨基酸选自L-异亮氨酸、L-苯丙氨酸、L-谷氨酸、L-谷氨酰胺、L-天冬酰胺、L-赖氨酸、L-精氨酸、L-脯氨酸、L-组氨酸或L-酪氨酸;所述的碱可为任意一种强碱,优选为NaOH或KOH,更优选为NaOH;
优选的,将D-葡萄糖和L-氨基酸与碱在50-60℃下反应60-90小时。
所述的还原剂优选为硼氢化钠;所述的还原时间优选为48-60小时。
所述的酸可为任意一种强酸,例如可以为盐酸、硫酸等,优选为盐酸。
本发明采用pH电位法测定了通式I化合物与锌或铜离子生成的络合物的稳定常数,试验结果表明,由本发明通式I化合物与锌或铜离子所生成的络合物,其稳定性良好,说明本发明通式I化合物可以作为锌或铜的络合剂。
本发明所要解决的再一个技术问题是提供一种药物组合物,该药物组合物含有治疗上有效量的上述通式I化合物和药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂,其中通式1化合物在药物组合物中的含量可以为1-100%。
本发明药物组合物可按照常规药物制剂方法制备成临床上适宜的制剂,例如可以为片剂、胶囊、口服液等。
本发明通式I化合物的给药剂量可根据病人的年龄、体重、病情等因素来考虑。作为参考,在口服剂型的情况下,本发明通式I化合物的给药剂量可以为:150mg/kg/d。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明作进一步说明。应当指出,这些实施例仅仅是本发明 的例证,不应理解为对本发明的限制。
本发明D-葡萄糖基-L-氨基酸的合成路线图。
说明:2为L-氨基酸,包括L-异亮氨酸、L-苯丙氨酸、L-谷氨酸、L-谷氨酰胺、L-天冬酰胺、L-赖氨酸、L-精氨酸、L-脯氨酸、L-组氨酸或L-酪氨酸;其中3、4中的R选自CH2CH2COOH、4-OH-C6H4CH2、CH2CONH2、CH2CH2CONH2、C6H5CH2、CH(CH3)CH2CH3、CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2、CH2CH2CH2NHC(NH)NH2、 1H-咪唑-4基甲基。
实施例1 N-(2,3,4,5,6-五羟基己基)-L-谷氨酸(化合物I-1)的制备
往0.40g(10mmol)NaOH与3ml水的溶液中加入1.47g(10mmol)谷氨酸。混合物室温搅拌至谷氨酸完全溶解,然后加入1.80g(10mmol)D-葡萄糖。混合物室温搅拌至D-葡萄糖完全溶解,得到的溶液在50-60℃搅拌5h。生成的烯胺不经分离直接用1.62g(30mmol硼氢化钠在室温还原96h。还原得到的产物不经分离直接用浓盐酸调pH至2.5。滤除生成的沉淀,滤液减压浓缩。得到的残留物用无水乙醇稀释,滤除生成的沉淀,滤液减压浓缩。该操作重复至少5次,得到的残留物用10ml水溶解,溶液加载到酸性离子交换树脂柱上。用3%N-甲基吗啉水溶液洗脱,得到655mg(21%)标题化合物,为无色粉末。Mp 151-153℃,[a]D 25=-45.0(C=2.0,H2O),IR(KBr)3407,3352,3094,2967,2916,1617,1400,1354,1080,1041,741,675,534.ESI(m/e)312[M+H]+,1HNMR(D2O)δ=4.12(m,J=4.4Hz 1H),3.82(dd,J=3.3Hz,J=5.0Hz,1H),3.77(dd,J=3.5Hz,J=12.0Hz,1H),3.72(m,J=3.4Hz 1H),3.63(m,J=4.0Hz 2H),3.55(t,J=4.5Hz 1H),3.24(dd,J=3.4Hz,J=12.7Hz,1H),3.11(dd,J=8.7Hz,J=12.8Hz,1H),2.26(d,J=5.0Hz,2H),2.00(m,J=4.8Hz,2H)。元素分析, 计算值(C11H21NO9):C 42.44,H 6.80,N 4.50;实测值:C 42.60,H 6.95,N 4.38。
实施例2 N-(2,3,4,5,6-五羟基己基)-L-酪氨酸(化合物I-2)的制备
采用制备N-(2,3,4,5,6-五羟基己基)-L-谷氨酸的操作,用1.81g(10mmol)L-酪氨酸代替L-谷氨酸,得到725mg(21%)标题化合物,为无色粉末。Mp 239-240℃,[a]D 25=-50.0(C=2.0,H2O),IR(KBr)3307,3353,3085,2968,2916,1605,1560,1458,1400,1354,1080,1041,742,675,534.ESI(m/e)346[M+H]+,1HNMR(D2O)δ=7.02(d,J=7.0Hz,2H),6.78(d,J=7.1Hz,2H),4.10(m,J=4.7Hz,1H),3.90(t,J=5.4Hz,1H),3.80(m,J=4.7Hz,1H),3.78(m,J=3.5Hz,1H),3.73(m,J=3.5Hz,1H),3.63(m,J=4.0Hz,2H),3.23(dd,J=3.1Hz,J=13.0Hz,1H),3.14(dd,J=3.1Hz,J=13.0Hz,1H),3.00(d,J=4.5Hz,2H)。元素分析,计算值(C15H23NO8):C 52.17,H 6.71,N 4.06;实测值:C 52.33,H 6.90,N 3.95。
实施例3.N-(2,3,4,5,6-五羟基己基)-L-天冬酰胺(化合物I-3)的制备
采用制备N-(2,3,4,5,6-五羟基己基)-L-谷氨酸的操作,用1.56g(10mmol)L-天冬酰胺代替L-谷氨酸,得到681mg(23%)标题化合物,为无色粉末。Mp 240-241℃,[a]D 25=-20.0(C=2.0,H2O),IR(KBr)3407,3353,3095,2968,2916,1687,1400,1354,1080,1041,742,675,534.ESI(m/e)297[M+H]+,1HNMR(D2O)δ=4.14(m,J=4.3Hz 1H),3.83(dd,J=5.1Hz,J=7.2Hz,1H),3.81(dd,J=3.2Hz,J=5.2Hz,1H),3.79(dd,J=3.3Hz,J=11.7Hz,1H),3.75(t,J=5.2Hz 1H),3.72(m,J=3.5Hz 1H),3.67(m,J=4.0Hz 2H),3.27(dd,J=3.4Hz,J=12.6Hz,1H),3.14(dd,J=9.1Hz,J=12.7Hz,1H),2.58(d,J=5.2Hz,2H).元素分析,计算值(C10H20N2O8):C 40.54,H 6.80,N 9.46;实测值:C 40.68,H 6.95,N 9.33。
实施例4.N-(2,3,4,5,6-五羟基己基)-L-谷氨酰胺(化合物I-4)的制备
采用制备N-(2,3,4,5,6-五羟基己基)-L-谷氨酸的操作,用1.46g(10mmol)L-谷氨酰胺代替L-谷氨酸,得到558mg(18%)标题化合物,为无色粉末。Mp251-253℃,[a]D 25=-23.0(C=2.0,H2O),IR(KBr)3402,3350,3088,2968,2917,1685,1405,1352,1084,1040,743,698.ESI(m/e)311[M+H]+,1HNMR(D2O)δ=4.10(m,J=4.4Hz,1H),3.80(dd,J=5.0Hz, J=7.0Hz,1H),3.78(dd,J=3.3Hz,J=5.0Hz,1H),3.74(dd,J=3.4Hz,J=11.5Hz,1H),3.71(m,J=3.6Hz 1H),3.61(m,J=4.1Hz 2H),3.52(t,J=5.1Hz,1H),3.26(dd,J=3.5Hz,J=12.3Hz,1H),3.12(dd,J=9.0Hz,J=12.5Hz,1H),2.24(t,J=5.0Hz,2H),2.02(m,J=5.3Hz,1H),2.00(m,J=5.0Hz,1H).元素分析,计算值(C11H22N2O8):C 42.58,H 7.15,N 9.03;实测值:C 40.68,H 6.95,N 9.33。
实施例5.N-(2,3,4,5,6-五羟基己基)-L-苯丙氨酸(化合物I-5)的制备
采用制备N-(2,3,4,5,6-五羟基己基)-L-谷氨酸的操作,用1.65g(10mmol)L-苯丙氨酸代替L-谷氨酸,得到607mg(24%)标题化合物,为无色粉末。Mp 205-207℃,[a]D 25=-60.0(C=2.0,H2O),IR(KBr)3423,3271,2975,2902,1621,1586,1426,1402,1086,1035,706,665.ESI(m/e)330[M+H]+,1HNMR(D2O)δ=7.22(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.14(d,J=7.4Hz,2H),7.10(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),4.16(m,J=4.5Hz,1H),4.07(m,J=5.3Hz,1H),3.84(m,J=5.2Hz,1H),3.81(m,J=3.6Hz,1H),3.76(d,J=4.8Hz,1H),3.66(m,J=5.4Hz,2H),3.28(dd,J=3.5Hz,J=12.4Hz,1H),3.16(dd,J=9.0Hz,J=12.1Hz,1H),2.93(d,J=5.3Hz,2H)。元素分析,计算值(C15H23NO7):C54.70,H 7.04,N 4.25;实测值:C 54.88,H 7.19,N 4.09。
实施例6.N-(2,3,4,5,6-五羟基己基)-L-异亮氨酸(化合物I-6)的制备
采用制备N-(2,3,4,5,6-五羟基己基)-L-谷氨酸的操作,用1.31g(10mmol)L-异亮氨酸代替L-谷氨酸,得到1239mg(42%)标题化合物,为无色粉末。Mp 228-230℃,[a]D 25=-12.8(C=2.0,H2O),IR(KBr)3365,3097,2962,2924,1616,1432,1374,1294,1083,1044,761,677.ESI(m/e)296[M+H]+,1HNMR(D2O)δ=4.04(m,J=4.5Hz,1H),3.83(m,J=4.8Hz,1H),3.80(m,J=3.7Hz,1H),3.77(m,J=5.1Hz,1H),3.71(t,J=5.8Hz,1H),3.65(m,J=5.3Hz,2H),3.55(d,J=4.2Hz,1H),3.26(dd,J=3.2Hz,J=13.1Hz,1H),3.20(dd,J=9.8Hz,J=12.6Hz,1H),2.35(m,J=4.2Hz,1H),1.33(m,J=3.7Hz,2H),1.10(d J=36Hz,3H),0.92(dd,J=3.2Hz,J=6.3Hz,3H)。元素分析,计算值(C12H25NO7):C 48.80,H 8.53,N 4.74;实测值:C 48.95,H 8.76,N4.56。
实施例7.N-(2,3,4,5,6-五羟基己基)-L-组氨酸(化合物I-9)的制备
采用制备N-(2,3,4,5,6-五羟基己基)-L-谷氨酸的操作,用1.55g(10mmol)L-组氨酸代替L-谷氨酸,得到893mg(28%)标题化合物,为无色粉末。Mp 232-235℃,[a]D 25=-130.0(C=2.0,H2O),IR(KBr)3443,3337,3125,2910,1618,1448,1398,1112,1057,1016,957,620.ESI(m/e)320[M+H]+,1HNMR(D2O)δ=7.46(s,1H),6.81(s,1H),4.11(m,J=4.7Hz,1H),3.91(t,J=5.3Hz,1H),3.84(m,J=5.1Hz,1H),3.82(m,J=5.3Hz,1H),3.78(m,J=4.2Hz,1H),3.66(m,J=5.1Hz,2H),3.26(dd,J=3.5Hz,J=12.7Hz,1H),3.17(dd,J=9.1Hz,J=12.4Hz,1H),2.88(d,J=5.3Hz,2H).元素分析,计算值(C12H21N3O7):C 45.14,H 6.63,N 13.16;实测值:C 42.46,H 7.51,N 16.73。
实施例8.N-(2,3,4,5,6-五羟基己基)-L-赖氨酸(化合物I-7)的制备
采用制备N-(2,3,4,5,6-五羟基己基)-L-谷氨酸的操作,用1.46g(10mmol)L-赖氨酸代替L-谷氨酸,得到837mg(27%)标题化合物,为无色粉末。Mp 147-148℃,[a]D 25=-40.0(C=2.0,H2O),IR(KBr)3567,3370,3231,2921,2884,1728,1610,1558,1455,1175,1057,1023,829,792,614.ESI(m/e)311[M+H]+,1HNMR(D2O)δ=4.07(m,J=4.6Hz,1H),3.80(m,J=5.2Hz,1H),3.78(m,J=5.2Hz,1H),3.74(m,J=3.8Hz,1H),3.67(m,J=5.0Hz,2H),3.60(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),3.27(dd,J=3.6Hz,J=12.6Hz,1H),3.15(dd,J=9.2Hz,J=12.4Hz,1H),2.70(t,J=4.9Hz,2H),1.68(m,J=4.4Hz,2H),1.57(m,J=4.9Hz,2H),1.32(m,J=4.7Hz,2H)。元素分析,计算值(C12H26N2O7):C 46.44,H 8.44,N 9.03;实测值:C 46.27,H 8.29,N 8.89。
实施例9.N-(2,3,4,5,6-五羟基己基)-L-精氨酸(化合物I-8)的制备
采用制备N-(2,3,4,5,6-五羟基己基)-L-谷氨酸的操作,用1.74g(10mmol)L-精氨酸代替L-谷氨酸,得到946mg(28%)标题化合物,为无色粉末。Mp 186-187℃,[a]D 25=-65.0(C=2.0,H2O),IR(KBr)3437,3150,2925,2882,1642,1510,1396,1078,1026,905.ESI(m/e)339[M+H]+, 1HNMR(D2O)δ=4.08(m,J=4.9Hz,1H),3.82(m,J=5.0Hz,1H),3.79(m,J=5.1Hz,1H),3.76(m,J=3.9Hz,1H),3.65(m,J=5.2Hz,2H),3.60(t,J=4.7Hz,1H),3.29(dd,J=3.3Hz,J=12.5Hz,1H),3.18(dd,J=9.0Hz,J=12.6Hz,1H),2.68(t,J=4.7Hz,2H),1.66(m,J=4.6Hz,2H),1.56(m, J=4.8Hz,2H)。元素分析,计算值(C12H26N4O7):C 42.60,H 7.75,N 16.56;实测值:C 42.46,H 7.51,N 16.73。
实施例10.N-(2,3,4,5,6-五羟基己基)-L-脯氨酸(化合物I-10)的制备
采用制备N-(2,3,4,5,6-五羟基己基)-L-谷氨酸的操作,用1.15g(10mmol)L-脯氨酸代替L-谷氨酸,得到586mg(21%)标题化合物,为无色粉末。Mp 138-141℃,[a]D 25=-70.0(C=2.0,H2O),IR(KBr)3374,2927,2872,1719,1634,1458,1404,1328,1226,1084,932,880.ESI(m/e)280[M+H]+, 1HNMR(D2O)δ=4.00(m,J=4.7Hz,1H),3.77(m,J=5.2Hz,1H),3.75(m,J=5.0Hz,1H),3.73(m,J=3.9Hz,1H),3.63(m,J=5.2Hz,2H),3.22(dd,J=3.4Hz,J=12.3Hz,1H),3.14(t,J=4.9Hz,1H),3.10(dd,J=9.1Hz,J=12.4Hz,1H),2.32(t,J=4.9Hz,2H),1.82(m,J=5.0Hz,2H),1.60(m,J=4.9Hz,2H).元素分析,计算值(C11H21NO7):C 47.31,H 7.58,N 5.02;实测值:C 47.49,H 7.74.N 4.84。
试验例1用pH电位法测定锌或铜离子-D-葡萄糖基-L-氨基酸的稳定常数
1)仪器:pH计(HANNApH211型酸度计);
2)试剂:KOH标准溶液(0.05991M)、HCl标准溶液(0.10664M)、Cu2+标准溶液(0.10946M)、Zn2+标准溶液(0.10946M)、KCl溶液(0.5mol/L);
3)电位滴定法测定化合物与铜离子、锌离子的络合物稳定常数
依照使用说明书用邻苯二甲酸氢钾标准液(pH4.01)和混和磷酸盐标准液(pH6.86)校准HANNApH211型酸度计。
在25ml高型烧杯中将0.15mmol本发明化合物、6ml KCl水溶液(0.5M)、1.6mlHCl标准溶液(0.10664M)和15ml重蒸水混合、搅拌均匀、测定pH值。测定时,电极和温度棒浸入待测液约3cm,用装有KOH标准溶液(0.05439M)的滴定管(10mL)滴定。每0.2mLKOH标准溶液,待后测定溶液pH值,记录每次滴加0.2mlKOH标准溶液且酸度计电极读数稳定后的pH值,直到加完KOH标准溶液。从该测定获取本发明化合物与H+形成络合物的稳定常数。
在25ml高型烧杯中分别将0.15mmol本发明化合物(实施例1-10所制备的化合物)、0.70ml标定的CuSO4(0.10946M)或ZnCl2标准溶液(0.09917M)、6ml KCl水溶液(0.5M)、1.6ml HCl标准溶液(0.10664M)和15ml重蒸水混合、搅拌均匀、测定pH值。测定时,电极和温度棒浸入待测液约3cm,用装有KOH标准溶液 (0.05439M)的滴定管(10mL)滴定。每0.2mLKOH标准溶液,待后测定溶液pH值,记录每次滴加0.2mlKOH标准溶液且酸度计电极读数稳定后的pH值,直到加完KOH标准溶液,从该测定获取本发明化合物与Zn2+或Cu2+形成的络合物的稳定常数(测定时应注意温度调节钮应保值不变、搅拌子不要碰到电极、搅拌速度要恒定、溶液pH值稳定后读数)。
按下面的公式计算D-葡萄糖基-L-氨基酸锌和D-葡萄糖基-L-氨基酸铜的稳定常数:
[L]={(2-a)*TL+[OH]-[H]}/(β1H*[H]+2*β2H*[H]2)
n={TL-[L]*(1+β1H*[H]+2*β2H*[H])}/TM
式中[L]=自由配体浓度、n=生成函数、a=中和度、TL=配体总浓度、TM=金属离子总浓度、[H]=氢离子浓度、[OH]=氢氧根离子浓度、β1H=一级加质子常数、β2H=二级加质子常数。[L]采用Origin 6.0计算得到、通过非线性拟和n值并算出LogK1及LogK2。LogK1和LogK2值列入表1。
表1.本发明化合物与锌或铜离子形成络合物的LogK1和LogK2值
上述试验结果表明,本发明通式I化合物与锌或铜离子络合后,所形成的络合物稳定性良好,说明本发明通式I化合物可作为锌或铜的络合剂。
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