CN101072697B - 混合动力系统 - Google Patents

混合动力系统 Download PDF

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CN101072697B
CN101072697B CN2005800422483A CN200580042248A CN101072697B CN 101072697 B CN101072697 B CN 101072697B CN 2005800422483 A CN2005800422483 A CN 2005800422483A CN 200580042248 A CN200580042248 A CN 200580042248A CN 101072697 B CN101072697 B CN 101072697B
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fuel cell
electric power
combustion engine
output
storage part
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CN101072697A (zh
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增井孝年
铃木诚
堀田信
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
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    • Y10S903/944Characterized by control of fuel cell

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Abstract

混合动力系统包括电动机、蓄电部分、燃料电池、内燃机、判断部分和控制部分,其中电动机产生动力,蓄电部分向电动机提供电力,燃料电池在预定输出范围向电动机或者蓄电部分提供电力,内燃机吸收燃料电池的负荷,判断部分判断燃料电池的负荷是否在预定范围的最大输出以上,如果判断燃料电池的负荷在预定范围的最大输出以上,则控制部分控制内燃机使其运行。

Description

混合动力系统
技术领域
本发明总体涉及具有燃料电池、电动机和内燃机的混合动力系统。
背景技术
本发明的一个或者多个方面总体涉及具有燃料电池、电动机和内燃机的混合动力系统。
近年来,已经开发了具有燃料电池和二次电池的组合的混合动力电源装置。混合动力电源装置基于电气负荷的增大和减小改变所述燃料电池的输出。并且混合动力电源装置使燃料电池在未满30%的系统效率的范围内工作。为了解决这个问题,日本申请公开No.7-240212提出了使燃料电池在30%至40%的受限的输出范围工作的电源装置。
然而,在燃料电池在受限的输出范围内工作的情况下,混合动力电源装置可能不满足电气负荷,这是因为如果燃料电池的电气负荷、用来自燃料电池的电力供电的电动机或者电动机以外的辅助设备的电气负荷超过燃料电池的输出容量,则将要供应到电动机、辅助设备等的电力会不充足。这个问题对于其中直接向电动机提供电力的混合动力电源装置和其中经由蓄电池等向电动机提供电力的混合动力电源装置是普遍的。
鉴于以上情况进行本发明的各个方面。本发明的一个或者多个方面在于提供一种能够满足燃料电池的电气负荷的混合动力系统,其中燃料电池的输出范围受到限制。
发明内容
在示例性实施例中,混合动力系统包括电动机、蓄电部分、燃料电池、内燃机、判断部分和控制部分。电动机产生动力。蓄电部分向电动机提供电力。燃料电池在预定输出范围向电动机或者蓄电部分提供电力。内燃机吸收燃料电池的负荷。判断部分判断燃料电池的负荷是否在预定范围中的最大输出以上。如果判断燃料电池的负荷在预定范围的最大输出以上,则控制部分控制内燃机使其运行。
从实现本发明的系统和方法的示例性实施例的以下详细描述中描述或者明显可见本发明各个方面的这些和其他可选的特征和可行的优点
技术效果
根据本发明,可以防止蓄电部分的蓄电余量不足。此外,可以实现向电动机进行稳定供电。进一步地,可以抑制由于过度放电而引起的蓄电部分的寿命的降低。并且整个混合动力系统的热效率得到增大。
附图说明
参照以下附图将描述本发明一个或者多个方面的示例性实施例。
图1图示了根据本发明的混合动力系统的整体构造的框图;
图2图示了加速器开度和所需输出之间的关系;
图3图示了内燃机和燃料电池的输出和热效率之间的关系;
图4图示了控制单元对内燃机的控制顺序的流程图;
图5图示了控制单元对内燃机的另一个控制顺序;
图6图示了控制单元的图5操作的控制顺序的流程图;
图7图示了所需输出和燃料电池输出之间的关系;
图8图示了燃料电池允许最大输出在燃料电池允许输出范围以上的情况;
图9图示了蓄电部分的蓄电余量和内燃机的输出校正值之间关系;
图10图示了图7至图9的控制流程图;和
图11图示了蓄电部分的蓄电余量和燃料电池输出之间的关系。
具体实施方式
图1示出了构成本发明一个或者多个方面的混合动力系统100的总构造。如图1所示,混合动力系统100可以包括燃料电池单元10、蓄电池单元20、动力输出单元30和控制单元40。
燃料电池单元10可以包括预混合部分11、加热部分12、转化(reforming)部分13、燃料选择部分14、燃料电池15、回流部分16和电池冷却部分17。蓄电池单元20可以包括变压部分21和23、蓄电部分22、直交流变换部分24和蓄电余量检测部分25。动力输出单元30可以包括内燃机31、发电机32、输出动力分割部分33、电动机34、动力传递部分35、车轮36和加速器37。
预混合部分11可以从控制单元40接收指令,并且可以通过以预定速率混合碳氢燃料和氧气产生混合气体,并且可以向加热部分12提供混合气体。加热部分12可以加热混合气体并且向转化部分13提供混合气体。转化部分13可以从混合气体产生含有氢的燃料气体,并且可以向燃料选择部分14提供燃料气体。燃料选择部分14可以过滤燃料气体,并且可以将氢气与其它气体(碳氢气体、一氧化碳气体、二氧化碳气体和氮气)分开。燃料选择部分14可以向燃料电池15提供氢气,并且可以向回流部分16提供碳氢气体、一氧化碳气体、二氧化碳气体和氮气。
回流部分16可以向转化部分13通过加热部分12提供用作加热用气体或者热回收流体的碳氢气体、一氧化碳气体、二氧化碳气体和氮气。并且可以有效利用碳氢燃料的优点。燃料电池15可以从给定的氢气产生电力,并且可以从控制单元40接收指令,并且可以向变压部分21提供电力。电池冷却部分17可以从混合动力系统100的外部引入空气,并且可以使用一部分空气用于冷却燃料电池15,并且向回流部分16提供其余空气。
变压部分21可以对来自燃料电池15的电力进行变压,并且可以向蓄电部分22或者变压部分23提供变压后的电力。蓄电部分22可以包括二次电池等。蓄电部分22可以从控制单元40接收指令,并且可以向变压部分23提供电力。变压部分23可以对给定的电力进行变压,并且可以向直交流变换部分24提供变压后的电力。直交流变换部分24可以将给定电力变换成交流电,并且可以向电动机34提供该电流。蓄电余量检测部分25可以检测蓄电部分22的蓄电余量的值,并且可以向控制单元40提供蓄电余量的值。
内燃机31可以从控制单元40接收指令,并且可以产生具有特定空燃比的空气燃料混合气、可以产生动力和可以向输出动力分割部分33提供动力。输出动力分割部分33可以从控制单元40接收指令,并且可以向电动机34、发电机32或者动力传递部分35提供来自内燃机的动力。电动机34可以根据从直交流变换部分24提供的电力产生动力,并且可以向动力传递部分35提供动力。当从输出动力分割部分33向电动机34提供动力时,电动机34可以根据从输出动力分割部分33提供的动力和从直交流变换部分24提供的电力产生动力。动力传递部分35可以将给定的动力传递到车轮36.加速器37可以提供由使用者设定的加速器开度。
此外,当蓄电部分22的蓄电余量低或者当车轮36减速时,输出动力分割部分33可以从控制单元40接收指令,并且可以向发电机32提供内燃机31产生的动力。发电机32可以根据给定的动力产生电力,并且可以经由直交流变换部分24和变压部分23向蓄电部分22提供电力。
接着,描述加速器37的开度和所需输出之间的关系。图2图示加速器37的开度和所需输出之间的关系。图2的纵轴表示所需输出,图2的横轴表示加速器37的开度。如在图2所示,加速器37的开度与所需输出成比例,并且所需输出随着加速器37的开度的增大而增大。控制单元40可以基于图2根据加速器37的开度计算所需输出。
接着,将描述内燃机31和燃料电池15的输出和热效率。图3图示了内燃机31和燃料电池15的输出和热效率之间的关系。图3的纵轴表示内燃机31和燃料电池15的热效率,图3的横轴表示内燃机31和燃料电池15的输出。
在各种示例性实施例的描述中,术语“内燃机的热效率”是指内燃机31的输出与内燃机31所使用的能量的之比。“燃料电池15的热效率”是指燃料电池15的输出与燃料电池15所使用的能量的之比。
如在图3所示,燃料电池的热效率可以随着燃料电池输出的增大而快速增大,并且可以在最大热效率以上快速地减小。相反,内燃机31的热效率可以随着内燃机31的输出增大而缓慢增大,并且在最大热效率以上缓慢减小。这是因为在一般的内燃机中,随着内燃机31的输出增大,由于摩擦增大、吸气效率和排气效率降低、热效率降低等而引起热效率的降低。
以下,燃料电池15的热效率超过内燃机31的最大热效率的范围称为“燃料电池允许输出范围”。此外,燃料电池允许输出范围中最大值称为“燃料电池允许最大输出预设值”,并且燃料电池允许输出范围中的最小值称为“燃料电池允许最小输出预设值”。
当所需输出在燃料电池允许最大输出预设值以下时,电动机34可以根据从蓄电部分22提供的电力产生动力。当所需输出在燃料电池的允许输出范围中时,电动机34可以根据从燃料电池15和/或蓄电部分22提供的电力产生动力。当所需输出在燃料允许最大输出预设值以上时,电动机34根据从燃料电池15和/或蓄电部分22提供的电力产生动力,并且如果必要,内燃机31可以产生动力。在示例性实施例中,整个混合动力系统100的热效率增大,这是因为燃料电池15在高热效率范围中工作,并且抑制热效率低的内燃机31不必要的运行。
此外,内燃机31的热效率可以是将从内燃机31向电动机34提供的输出与由内燃机32所使用的能量之比。此外,内燃机31的热效率可以是将通过发电机32向蓄电部分22提供电力与内燃机31所使用的能量之比。此外,燃料电池15的热效率可以是将从燃料电池15通过蓄电部分22向电动机34提供的输出与由燃料电池15所使用的能量之比。在此情况下,考虑了由混合动力系统100中其他设备所引起的内燃机31和燃料电池15的输出效率的降低。并且整个混合动力系统100的热效率更适合地增大。
以下将描述控制单元40对内燃机31的控制。图4图示了控制单元40对内燃机31的控制的流程图。如图4所示,控制单元40可以从加速器37接收加速器开度,并且可以计算所需输出(步骤S1)。在此情况下,所需输出可以基于图2来计算。接着,控制单元40可以判断所需输出是否在燃料电池允许最大输出预设值以上(步骤S2)。
如果在步骤S2判断所需输出在燃料电池允许最大输出预设值以上,则控制单元40可以控制内燃机31使其运行(步骤S3)。接着,控制单元40可以控制输出动力分割部分33使其向发电机32提供内燃机31产生动力(步骤S4)。在此情况下,可以向车轮36提供内燃机31产生的动力。在步骤S4之后,控制单元40可以从步骤S1开始该顺序。
如果在步骤S2判断所需输出不在燃料电池允许最大输出预设值以上时,控制单元40可以从步骤S1开始该顺序。此外,控制单元40可以以特定的周期开始该流程图。
如上所述,当蓄电部分22的蓄电余量减小时,内燃机31可以运行,并且蓄电部分22的蓄电余量可以增大。并且,可以防止蓄电部分22的蓄电余量的不足。因而,蓄电部分22可以稳定地向电动机34提供电力,并且可以抑制蓄电部分22的寿命由于过度放电而引起的减小。此外,可以抑制热效率低的内燃机31的不必要的运行,并且整个混合动力系统100的热效率增大。
此外,如果在步骤S2判断所需输出不在燃料电池允许最大输出预设值以上,则控制单元40可以控制内燃机使其停止运行。
随后,下面将描述控制单元40对内燃机31的另一个控制。图5图示了控制单元40对内燃机31的另一个控制。图5A图示了所述输出和蓄电部分22工作之间的关系,图5B图示了蓄电部分22供电时间和蓄电部分22的蓄电余量之间的关系。图5A的纵轴表示内燃机31和燃料电池15的热效率,图5A的横轴表示内燃机31和燃料电池15的输出。图5B的纵轴表示蓄电部分22的蓄电余量,图5B的横轴表示蓄电部分22供电时间。
如在图5A所示,燃料电池15的最大输出比较小。并且如果所需输出在燃料电池15的最大输出以上则使用蓄电部分22的电力。如图5B所示,蓄电余量随着蓄电部分22的供电时间经过而减小。如果蓄电部分22的蓄电余量在阈值X以下,则控制单元40可以控制内燃机31使其运行并向蓄电部分22提供电力。因而可以抑制由于过度放电而引起的蓄电部分22的寿命的降低。
图6图示了控制单元40对图5操作的控制顺序流程图。如在图6所示,控制单元40可以从蓄电余量检测部分25接收蓄电部分22的蓄电余量(步骤S11)。接着,控制单元40可以判断蓄电部分22的蓄电余量是否在阈值X以下(步骤S12)。如果在步骤S12判断蓄电部分22的蓄电余量在阈值X以下,则控制单元40可以控制内燃机31使其运行(步骤S13)。接着,控制单元40可以控制输出动力分割部分33使其向发电机31提供内燃机31产生的动力(步骤S14)。在此情况下,内燃机31产生的动力可以向车轮36提供。在步骤S14之后,控制单元40可以从步骤S11开始该顺序。
如果在步骤S12判断蓄电部分22的蓄电余量不在阈值X以下,则控制单元40可以从步骤S11开始该顺序。此外,控制单元40可以以特定的周期开始该流程。
如上所述,当蓄电部分22的蓄电余量低时,内燃机31可以运行,并且蓄电部分22的蓄电余量可以增大。因而可以防止蓄电部分22的蓄电余量的不足。因而,蓄电部分22可以向电动机34稳定地提供电力,并且可以抑制由于过度放电而引起的蓄电部分22寿命的降低。此外,可以抑制热效率低的内燃机31不必要的运行,并且整个混合动力系统100的热效率得到增大。
此外,如果在步骤S12判断所需输出不在燃料电池允许最大输出预设值以上,则控制单元40可以控制内燃机31使其停止运行。
随后,下面将描述控制单元40对内燃机31的另一个控制顺序。图7图示了所述输出和燃料电池15的输出之间关系。图7的纵轴表示燃料电池15的输出,图7的横轴表示所需输出。
如图7所示,对于燃料电池允许最小输出,不管所需输出如何,燃料电池允许最小输出预设值恒定。相反,对于燃料电池允许最大输出,如果所需输出在图3的燃料电池允许输出范围中,则不管所需输出如何燃料电池允许最大输出预设值恒定,但是如果所需输出在燃料电池允许输出范围以上,则燃料电池允许最大输出值基于所需输出增大到燃料电池最大输出。
图8图示了燃料电池允许最大输出在燃料电池允许输出范围以上的情况。图8的纵轴表示燃料电池15和内燃机31的热效率,图8的横轴表示燃料电池15和内燃机31的输出。如果所需输出在燃料电池允许输出范围以上,则燃料电池15允许最大输出基于所需输出升高到等于内燃机31的热效率的热效率。此外,燃料电池15允许最大输出的上限是燃料电池的最大输出。
如上所述,燃料电池15的热效率总是维持比内燃机31的热效率大的值。此外,可以最大限度地利用燃料电池15产生的电力。因而可以抑制内燃机31不必要的运行。相应地,整个混合动力系统100的热效率得到增大。
图9图示蓄电部分22的蓄电余量和内燃机31的输出校正值之间的关系。“内燃机31的输出校正值”是指根据所需输出从内燃机31将要产生的输出减去的输出。图9的纵轴表示内燃机31的输出校正值,并且图9的横轴表示蓄电部分22的蓄电余量。
如图9所示,在蓄电部分22的蓄电余量低的范围中,内燃机31的输出校正值可以是零,并且如果蓄电余量在预定值以上,则内燃机31的输出校正值可以随着蓄电余量增大而增大。以此方式,如果蓄电部分22的蓄电余量低,则蓄电部分22可以通过内燃机31的输出而充电。此外,如果蓄电部分22的蓄电余量高,则内燃机31的输出可以受到抑制,并且可以使用来自蓄电部分22的电力。
例如,如果蓄电部分22的蓄电余量在蓄电容量的0%至30%的范围中,则输出校正值可以是0KW,如果蓄电部分22的蓄电余量是蓄电容量的一半,则输出校正值可以是5KW。
如上所述,通过最大限度利用蓄电部分22的电力可以抑制内燃机31的不必要的运行,并且在蓄电部分22的电力不足的情况下可以通过内燃机31的运行对蓄电部分22进行充电。因而可以防止由于过度放电而引起的蓄电部分22的寿命降低。此外,整个混合动力系统100的热效率得到增大。
图10图示了控制单元40的图7至图9的控制的流程图。如图10所示,控制单元40可以将燃料电池允许最小输出设定为燃料电池允许最小输出预设值(步骤S21)。接着,控制单元40可以计算所需输出(步骤S22)。在此情况下,控制单元40可以基于图2根据加速器37的加速器开度计算所需输出。
接着,控制单元40可以基于所计算的所需输出和图7的图设定燃料电池允许最大输出(步骤S23)。接着,控制单元40可以接收蓄电部分22的蓄电余量(步骤S24)。然后,控制单元40可以基于图9的图计算内燃机的输出校正值(步骤S25)。在步骤S25之后,控制单元40可以从步骤S21开始该顺序。
如上所述,燃料电池的热效率总是维持比内燃机31的热效率大的值。此外,可以最大限度利用燃料电池15产生的电力和来自蓄电部分22的电力。进一步地,可以抑制内燃机不必要的运行,并且可以在蓄电部分22的电力不足的情况下通过内燃机31的运行对蓄电部分22进行充电。因而,可以防止由于过度充电而引起的蓄电部分22的寿命的降低。此外,整个混合动力系统的热效率得到增大。
此外,控制单元40可以以每数毫秒至数十毫秒运行该流程。例如,控制单元40可以以每48毫秒运行上述流程。
随后,将描述燃料电池15的输出。图11图示蓄电部分22的蓄电余量和燃料电池15的输出之间的关系。图11的纵轴表示燃料电池15的输出,图11的横轴表示蓄电部分22的蓄电余量。如图11所示,燃料电池15可以输出,使得燃料电池15的输出值等于预先基于蓄电部分22的蓄电余量设定的输出值中一个。该设定值随着蓄电余量增大而以增量阶梯的方式减小,并且如果蓄电部分22的蓄电余量超过预定值,则该设定值为零。在对蓄电部分充分充电的情况下,燃料电池15因而不发电。相应地,整个混合动力系统100的热效率得到增大。
此外,如果燃料电池15的最大热效率是上述预定值中一个,则可以利用燃料电池15的最大热效率的输出。燃料电池15的输出值可以基于所需输出、加速器37的开度等以分级增加的方式增大。
此外,防止了由于所需输出的快速变化而引起的燃料电池15的反应气体流的响应延迟的发生,这是因为不必连续控制燃料电池15的输出。进一步地,可以将燃料电池15的发电效率维持在理论值,这是因为反应气体流被稳定了。此外,防止了向燃料电池15提供反应气体的泵的电气要求过量,这是因为不必对泵的过冲进行校正。尤其是,当在此实施例中转化部分13产生燃料气体时,上述效果变大。
图15所述的燃料电池15的输出是一个示例。燃料电池15可以以另一个方式输出。例如,控制单元40可以基于蓄电部分22的蓄电余量控制燃料电池使其连续输出。
当所需输出在最大热效率的输出以下时,燃料电池15可以以最大热效率输出。在此情况下,燃料电池15输出比所需输出大的电力,并且燃料电池15能够向蓄电部分22提供过量电力。燃料电池15因而以最大热效率向蓄电部分2提供电力。相应地,整个混合动力系统100的热效率得到增大。
此外,当所需输出在最大热效率的输出以下时,燃料电池15可以以最大热效率输出。在此情况下,来自蓄电部分22的电力用于燃料电池15的输出不足。并且整个混合动力系统100的热效率由于燃料电池15以最大热效率发电而增大。
在本实施例中,控制单元40对应于判断部分和控制部分,阈值X对应于阈值,并且燃料电池允许输出范围对应于预定输出范围。
在整个以下描述中,阐述数个特定概念和结构以提供对本发明的完整理解。本发明能够在不利用所有这些特定概念和结构的情况下进行实践。在其他情况下,没有详细地示出或者描述公知的元件,使得强调的重点能够放在本发明上。
根据本发明一个或者多个方面的混合动力系统可以包括电动机、蓄电部分、燃料电池、内燃机、判断部分和控制部分。电动机可以产生动力。蓄电部分可以向电动机提供电力。燃料电池可以在预定输出范围向电动机或者蓄电部分提供电力。内燃机可以吸收燃料电池的负荷。判断部分可以判断燃料电池的负荷是否在预定范围的最大输出以上。如果判断燃料电池的负荷在预定范围的最大输出以上,则控制部分可以控制内燃机使其运行。
在示例性实施例中,可以向蓄电部分或者电动机提供在预定输出范围内工作的燃料电池所产生的电力,并且如果燃料电池的负荷在预定范围的最大输出以上,则内燃机可以吸收燃料电池的负荷。因而即使燃料电池的负荷在燃料电池的最大输出以上,可以用内燃机的输出弥补燃料电池输出的不足,并且可以稳定地满足燃料电池的负荷。
在示例性实施例中,如果蓄电部分的蓄电余量减小,则判断部分判断燃料电池的负荷在预定范围的最大输出以上。在此情况下,即使蓄电部分的蓄电余量减小,蓄电部分的蓄电余量由于内燃机的运行而增大。因而可以防止蓄电部分的蓄电余量的不足。
在示例性实施例中,预定范围是燃料电池的热效率在内燃机的最大热效率以上的范围。在此情况下,燃料电池可以以更高热效率工作。并且整个混合动力系统的热效率得到增大。
在示例性实施例中,混合动力系统还包括蓄电余量检测部分,蓄电余量检测部分检测蓄电部分的蓄电余量,其中,如果蓄电部分的蓄电余量大于阈值,则控制部分控制内燃机以使其停止工作,并且如果蓄电部分的蓄电余量在阈值以下,则控制部分控制内燃机以使其开始运行。在此情况下,当蓄电余量低时,蓄电部分的蓄电余量因为内燃机的运行而增大。并且防止了蓄电部分的蓄电余量的不足。因而可以实现从蓄电部分向电动机稳定的供电,并且可以抑制由于过度放电而引起的蓄电部分的寿命的降低。此外,抑制了热效率低的内燃机的不必要运行。并且整个混合动力系统的热效率增大。
在示例性实施例中,如果内燃机的热效率在燃料电池的热效率以下,则控制部分将预定范围的最大输出重新设置为更高侧的值,其中燃料电池在预定范围的最大输出到燃料的最大范围的范围中工作。在此情况下,可以最大限度利用燃料电池所发的电力。此外,可以抑制内燃机不必要的运行。因而,整个混合动力系统的热效率得到增大。
在示例性实施例中,内燃机的热效率是将要从内燃机向电动机或者蓄电部分提供的输出与由内燃机所使用的能量的比率。在此情况下,可以更适合地增大整个混合动力系统的热效率。
在示例性实施例中,内燃机的热效率是将从燃料电池通过蓄电部分向电动机提供的输出与由内燃机使用的能量比率。在此情况下,可以更适合地增大整个混合动力系统的热效率。
尽管结合上述的示例性实施例已经描述了本发明,对于本领域的技术人员,不管公知或者当前不可预见,各种替换、修改、变形、改进和/实质等同变得显而易见。因而,如上所述的本发明的示例性实施例意在示例性,而不是限制性。在不脱离本发明精神和范围的情况下可以进行各种变化。因而,所提交的和所修改的权利要求意在包括所有公知或者以后开发的替换、修改、变形、改进和/或实质性等同。

Claims (7)

1.一种混合动力系统,包括;
电动机,其产生动力;
蓄电部分,其向所述电动机提供电力;
燃料电池,在预定输出范围内所述燃料电池向所述蓄电部分或者向所述电动机和所述蓄电部分两者提供电力;
内燃机,其吸收所述燃料电池的负荷;
判断部分,其判断所述燃料电池的所述负荷是否在所述预定输出范围中的最大输出以上;和
控制部分,如果判断所述燃料电池的所述负荷在所述预定输出范围中的所述最大输出以上,则所述控制部分控制所述内燃机以使其工作,
其中,所述预定输出范围是所述燃料电池的热效率在所述内燃机的最大热效率以上的范围。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力系统,其中,在将电力从所述燃料电池和所述蓄电部分提供到所述电动机的情况下,如果所述蓄电部分的蓄电余量减小,则所述判断部分判定为所述燃料电池的所述负荷在所述预定输出范围中的所述最大输出以上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力系统,还包括蓄电余量检测部分,所述蓄电余量检测部分检测所述蓄电部分的蓄电余量,其中,如果所述蓄电部分的所述蓄电余量大于阈值,则所述控制部分控制所述内燃机以使其停止工作,并且如果所述蓄电部分的所述蓄电余量在所述阈值以下,则所述控制部分控制所述内燃机以使其开始工作。
4.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力系统,其中,如果所述内燃机的热效率在所述燃料电池的热效率以下,则所述控制部分将所述预定输出范围的所述最大输出重新设置为更高侧的值,其中所述燃料电池在所述预定输出范围的所述最大输出到所述燃料电池的最大输出的范围中工作。
5.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力系统,其中,所述内燃机的热效率是将要从所述内燃机向所述电动机或者所述蓄电部分提供的输出与由所述内燃机所使用的能量的比率。
6.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力系统,其中,所述内燃机的热效率是将从所述燃料电池通过所述蓄电部分向所述电动机提供的输出与由所述内燃机所使用的能量的比率。
7.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力系统,其中,根据所述燃料电池的所需输出使所述燃料电池的输出以分级增加的方式增大。
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