CN101053193B - 在多输入多输出系统中发送预编码矩阵的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
公开了在多输入多输出(MIMO)系统中发送预编码矩阵的方法,在该系统中,接收端通过计算该预编码矩阵的每个对角子矩阵来确定反馈信息。这里,预编码矩阵包括多个按分块对角格式布置的子矩阵。然后,接收端发送每个所计算的子矩阵的反馈信息。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及发送预编码矩阵的方法,特别涉及在多输入多输出(MIMO)系统中发送预编码矩阵的方法。
背景技术
图1示出了根据现有技术的多输入多输出(MIMO)系统。如图1所示,在工作中,接收端使用信道矩阵H来确定预编码矩阵W并向发送端传送(或反馈)所确定的预编码矩阵。同时,该发送端和接收端都具有一组矩阵,其中一个与所确定的预编码矩阵W相匹配或与之非常类似。然后,接收端传送(或反馈)与所确定预编码矩阵W相匹配或非常类似的矩阵的标引(index)。这里,对应于每个类似矩阵的一组标引被称作码本(codebook)。
如果发送端和接收端使用共享的码本来反馈对应于W矩阵的标引,则根据发送和接收天线的数量来确定该W矩阵。然后,如果发送和接收天线增加,包含码本的W数量按指数增长。换言之,W的值没有反馈给发送端,而是与实际W值非常相似或类似的W值的标引被反馈。这样,即使天线数量的小的增长,也涉及码本中W值数量的大增长。
例如,如果W矩阵是2×2矩阵,则W矩阵包含4个元素。因此,即使有8个矩阵包含在由这些组合构成的码本中,也不难找出最相似于实际W矩阵的矩阵。另外,性能下降也不大。
另外,如果W是4×4矩阵,例如,该W矩阵有16个元素。如果只有8个矩阵,如同2×2矩阵的情况,并且如果选择出最相似于实际W矩阵的W矩阵,则实际W矩阵和从码本中选择的W矩阵之间可能有很大的差异。另外,如果把W矩阵的标引传送给发送端,则发送端接收了与实际W矩阵很不同的W矩阵。这样,性能受到影响。另外,如果W矩阵是4×4矩阵,码本中至少应该有64个矩阵,以尽可能避免性能下降。
这里,从发送端传送的比特数不仅依赖天线数量的改变,还需要有能够存储多于64个矩阵的存储装置(存储器),这影响了它的效率。同时,由于保存的W矩阵数量随发送和接收天线的增长而呈指数增长,因此很难进行天线数量的后续增加。
发明内容
本发明致力于提供在多输入多输出(MIMO)系统中发送预编码矩阵的方法,基本上可避免现有技术的局限和缺点所产生的一个或多个问题。
本发明的目的之一是提供一种更有效发送预编码矩阵的方法。
本发明的发明之二是提供一种使用更少存储器的发送预编码矩阵的方法。
本发明的目的之三是提供一种在MIMO系统中接收预编码矩阵的方法。
本发明的另外优点、目的和特性一方面在下面的说明中进行部分描述,而且一方面也可由本领域技术人员在阅读下面的说明之后或通过实施本发明而得到了解。通过说明书和权利要求书以及附图所指出的特定结构可以实现本发明的目的并得到本发明的优点。
为了实现依照所示例描述和一般说明的本发明的目的和优点,一种在多输入多输出(MIMO)系统中发送预编码矩阵的方法包括接收端通过计算预编码矩阵的每个对角子矩阵来确定反馈信息。这里,预编码矩阵包括多个按分块对角格式布置的子矩阵。然后,接收端发送每个所计算子矩阵的反馈信息。
在本发明的另一方面,发送端在多输入多输出(MIMO)系统中接收预编码矩阵。特别,发送端请求预编码矩阵的反馈信息,并且反过来,接收预编码矩阵的每个对角子矩阵的反馈信息。这里,预编码矩阵包括多个按分块对角格式布置的子矩阵。然后,发送端利用预编码矩阵发送数据连同确认信号。
应该理解,这里有关本发明的一般描述和下面的详细说明是示例性的和解释性的,是用于解释要求保护的本发明。
附图说明
这里所包含的附图是用于对本发明提供进一步的理解,并结合在说明书中作为说明书的一部分,所描述的本发明实施例连同说明用于解释本发明的原理。其中:
图1是根据现有技术的多输入多输出(MIMO)系统的例子;
图2是根据本发明的多输入多输出(MIMO)系统的例子;以及
图3是通过使用a和b的特征来配置码本的例子。
具体实施方式
现在将详细参照本发明的优选实施例,利用各附图来说明这些例子。在可能的情况下,在所有附图中,相同的参考标号用于指相同的部分。
图2是根据本发明的多输入多输出(MIMO)系统的例子。如图2所示,W矩阵可以根据公式1来说明。
【公式1】
在公式1中, 其中a*是a的共轭(conjugate)。
另外,子矩阵W不限于2×2格式,可以是任何尺寸,如4×4、8×8和16×16。
另外,接收端的接收信号向量x可以根据下述公式来表示:
【公式2】
x=HWs+v
在公式2中,x是接收信号向量,H是信道矩阵,W是预编码矩阵,s是施加预编码矩阵之前的发送信号向量,并且v表示白噪声
为了得到发送向量s,在公式2两边乘W-1H-1,这可以表示成公式3。
【公式3】
W-1H-1x=s+W-1H-1v
如果公式3中的W-1和H-1分别被表示成WH和G,可按公式4表示W-1H-1。这里,G表示H的伪逆。而且,公式4是公式2的不同表达,在公式4中M=4。
【公式4】
参见公式1,在公式4中,对应于W1的矩阵是 另外,对应于W1的预编码矩阵可以表示成公式5。
【公式5】
通过使用公式5,可以得到满足公式6和7的a值和b值。另外,a值和b值可根据最接近满足最优信噪比(SNR)的值从a1和b1的值来确定。
【公式6】
argmin(|a* iGi(1)+b* iGi(2)|2+|biGi(1)-aiGi(2)|2)
【公式7】
|a* iGi(1)+b* iGi(2)|=|biGi(1)-aiGi(2)|
在公式6和7中,Gi(j)=2*(i-1)+G表示该矩阵的的第j行或G的第j行。
可以通过两种方式来配置码本。特别,第一种方式涉及二维配置方式,并且第二种方式涉及一维配置方式。在二维配置方式中,通过组合a和b的值来配置码本,如利用{(a,b)}的情况。
另一方面,a和b的值被用在公式8中,并且a和b值的任何一个可以用于确定另外一个。另外,公式8表示通过利用a值或b值来配置码本。
【公式8】
|a|2+|b|2=1
图3示出了利用a和b的特征来配置码本的例子。如公式8所示,可利用a和b值的关系推导出公式3。也就是说,在范围之内的a和b的值位于半径为1的单位圆中。
如上所述,通过使用量化的a和b值可以简化码本的配置,然后,可以优化用于存储码本的存储器。另外,当选择a和b值,可改进比特误码率(BER),因选择的a和b值具有高SNR或最优SNR。对于发送端,具有非零值的W矩阵的峰均功率比,并且对非零值,仅对每个行的两个元素低于所有元素由非零值表示的W矩阵。
工业应用
对于本领域的技术人员,很显然,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的前提下,可对本发明进行各种修改和变化。因此本发明包含这些修改和变化,只要这些修改和变化在权利要求书及其等价物的范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.在多输入多输出(MIMO)系统中发送预编码矩阵的方法,该方法包括:
通过计算该预编码矩阵对角线上的每个子矩阵来确定反馈信息,其中所述子矩阵是非零酉子矩阵,并且其中所述预编码矩阵由按分块对角格式布置的多个子矩阵和零元素构成;以及
发送每个所计算的非零酉子矩阵的反馈信息,
其中,直接计算每个非零酉子矩阵,或通过使用确定判据根据码本推导每个非零酉子矩阵,并且
其中,所述直接计算包括量化所述非零酉子矩阵的每个元素或每个非零酉子矩阵。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述的量化参照包括复数的采样值的码本来执行。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述的量化参照包括采样矩阵的码本来执行,所述采样矩阵包括复数作为元素。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述码本由发送端和接收端共享。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中根据码本推导每个非零酉子矩阵包括把第二码本的每个矩阵或第一码本的元素组合插入到所述确定判据,由此确定最优矩阵或元素组合,其中所述第一码本包括复数的采样值,并且所述第二码本包括采样矩阵,所述采样矩阵包括复数作为元素。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述反馈信息包括对应于所述非零酉子矩阵的量化元素的标引或量化的非零酉子矩阵中的至少一个。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述反馈信息包括对应于第一码本的子矩阵的最优元素的标引或第二码本的最优子矩阵,其中所述第一码本包括复数的采样值,并且所述第二码本包括采样矩阵,所述采样矩阵包括复数作为元素。
8.在多输入多输出(MIMO)系统中接收预编码矩阵的方法,该方法包括:
请求预编码矩阵的反馈信息;
接收该预编码矩阵对角线上的每个子矩阵的所述反馈信息,其中所述子矩阵是非零酉子矩阵,并且其中所述预编码矩阵由按分块对角格式布置的多个子矩阵和零元素构成;以及
利用该预编码矩阵连同确认信号发送数据,
其中,直接计算每个非零酉子矩阵,或通过使用确定判据根据码本推导每个非零酉子矩阵,并且
其中,所述直接计算包括量化所述非零酉子矩阵的每个元素或每个非零酉子矩阵。
9.在多输入多输出(MIMO)系统中发送和接收预编码矩阵的方法,该方法包括:
请求预编码矩阵的反馈信息;
通过计算该预编码矩阵对角线上的每个子矩阵来确定所述反馈信息,其中所述子矩阵是非零酉子矩阵,并且其中该预编码矩阵由按分块对角格式布置的多个子矩阵和零元素构成;
发送每个所计算的非零酉子矩阵的反馈信息;
接收该预编码矩阵对角线上的每个非零酉子矩阵的所述反馈信息;以及
利用该预编码矩阵连同确认信号发送数据,
其中,直接计算每个非零酉子矩阵,或通过使用确定判据根据码本推导每个非零酉子矩阵,并且
其中,所述直接计算包括量化所述非零酉子矩阵的每个元素或每个非零酉子矩阵。
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PCT/KR2005/003649 WO2006049417A1 (en) | 2004-11-01 | 2005-11-01 | A method of transmitting a precoding matrix in a multi-input multi-output (mimo) system |
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WO2006049417A1 (en) | 2006-05-11 |
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US20090296844A1 (en) | 2009-12-03 |
EP1807958A4 (en) | 2012-12-12 |
KR20060038812A (ko) | 2006-05-04 |
EP1807958A1 (en) | 2007-07-18 |
CN101053193A (zh) | 2007-10-10 |
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