CN101050728A - 用于内径叶片围带的同步环可变叶片同步机构 - Google Patents

用于内径叶片围带的同步环可变叶片同步机构 Download PDF

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CN101050728A
CN101050728A CNA2006100642371A CN200610064237A CN101050728A CN 101050728 A CN101050728 A CN 101050728A CN A2006100642371 A CNA2006100642371 A CN A2006100642371A CN 200610064237 A CN200610064237 A CN 200610064237A CN 101050728 A CN101050728 A CN 101050728A
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blade
vane
inner diameter
variable
diameter end
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J·A·吉埃莫
J·P·蒂洛恩三世
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RTX Corp
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United Technologies Corp
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/02Surge control
    • F04D27/0246Surge control by varying geometry within the pumps, e.g. by adjusting vanes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/001Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between stator blade and rotor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/10Final actuators
    • F01D17/12Final actuators arranged in stator parts
    • F01D17/14Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits
    • F01D17/16Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of nozzle vanes
    • F01D17/162Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of nozzle vanes for axial flow, i.e. the vanes turning around axes which are essentially perpendicular to the rotor centre line
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/24Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/12Control of the pumps
    • F02B37/24Control of the pumps by using pumps or turbines with adjustable guide vanes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/52Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps
    • F04D29/54Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
    • F04D29/56Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable
    • F04D29/563Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00Geometry
    • F05D2250/30Arrangement of components
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

用于内径叶片围带的同步环可变叶片同步机构。一种可变叶片组件,它包括用于使可变叶片阵列同步转动的同步环机构。该可变叶片组件包括一主动叶片,一同步环,一叶片臂和多个从动叶片及从动臂。主动叶片的内径端部在内径叶片围带内转动。同步环在内径叶片围带的内通道中转动。叶片臂连接主动叶片的内径端部和同步环。从动臂将多个从动叶片与同步环连在一起。当驱动源转动主动叶片时,由同步环和从动臂将多个从动叶片转动相同的量。

Description

用于内径叶片围带的同步环可变叶片同步机构
本发明是在美国政府的支持下根据美国海军所授权的合同号N00019-02-C-3003完成的,美国政府对本发明享有一定的权利。
相关申请的参考
本申请与下面列出的与本申请同一日提交的共同未决的申请相关:发明人J.Giaimo和J.Tirone III的“SYNCH RING VARIABLE VANE SYNCHRONIZINGMECHANISM FOR INNER DIAMETER VANE SHROUD”(代理人案卷号U73.12-003);发明人J.Giaimo和J.Tirone III的“GEAR TRAIN VARIABLE VANESYNCHRONIZING MECHANISM FOR INNER DIAMETER VANE SHROUD”(代理人案卷号U73.12-004);发明人J.Giaimo和J.Tirone III的“INNERDIAMETER VARIABLE VANE ACTUATION MECHANISM”(代理人案卷号U73.12-005);和发明人J.Giaimo和J.Tirone III的“LIGHTWEIGHT CAST INNERDIAMETER VANE SHROUD FOR VARIABLE STATOR VANES”(代理人案卷号U73.12-006)。所有这些申请结合于此作为本申请的参考。
技术领域
本发明通常涉及燃气轮机(或燃气轮发动机),尤其涉及用于这类燃气轮机中的可变静叶片(或可变定子叶片)组件。
背景技术
燃气轮机通过燃烧压缩空气中的燃料源来运行,以产生压力和密度提高了的加热后的燃气。此经加热后的燃气最终受压迫通过排气喷嘴,该排气喷嘴用来使排出的燃气速度逐级升高,且进而依次为驱动飞行器提供推力。此经加热后的燃气还可以用来驱动涡轮机使风扇转动,以向燃气轮发动机的压缩机部分提供空气。此外,此经加热后的燃气用来驱动涡轮,用以驱动压缩机部分内部的转子叶片,以提供用于燃烧的压缩空气。一个燃气轮机的压缩机部分典型地包括一系列转子叶片级和静叶片级。在每一级中,转子叶片推动空气经过静叶片。每个动叶片/静叶片级均使空气的压力和密度提高。静子(或定子)用于两个目的:它们将空气动能转化为压力能,和它们改变空气离开动叶片(或转子)的运动轨道以使其流入下一压缩级。
由燃气轮发动机驱动的飞行器的速度范围与压缩机部分内所产生的空气压力的程度直接相关。对于不同的飞行器的速度,通过燃气轮发动机中的空气流速也不相同。这样,在下级各压缩级的转子叶片上的空气入射角随着飞行器的速度的不同而变化。一种使燃气轮发动机在全速范围下,尤其是高速/高压范围内,实现更具效率的一个途径是使用能够优化在下级各压缩级转子上的空气流的入射角的可变静叶片。
可变静叶片典型地周向上设置在外径风扇缸和内径叶片围带之间。传统地,用来调节可变静叶片同步运动的机构一直设置于风扇缸之外。这些系统增大了压缩部分的总外径,而有时并不期望或允许这样做。对使用与可变静叶片一起使用来的固定静叶片的燃气轮机进行改型也并不总是可行的。对定位于风扇缸之外的可变叶片机构的改型会干扰设置于风扇缸外部的燃气轮机的其他外部部件。将这些外部部件重新设置常常是不可能或花费很高的。同步机构也给燃气轮机增加了相当的重量。这样就需要一种质量轻的可变叶片同步机构,其不增加压缩部分的径向尺寸并且不与燃气轮发动机的外部部件发生干扰。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种用于同步地使可变叶片阵列旋转的可变叶片组。可变叶片组包括主动叶片(或驱动叶片)、同步环、叶片臂和多个从动叶片和从动臂。主动叶片的内径端部在内径叶片围带中旋转。同步环在内径叶片围带中的内通道中旋转。叶片臂连接主动叶片的内径端部和同步环。多个从动叶片通过从动臂与同步环相连。当驱动源使主动叶片转动时,通过同步环和从动臂使多个从动叶片旋转相同的量。
附图说明
图1示出的是应用本发明的燃气轮机的静叶片部分的局部剖视图;
图2示出的是定位于本发明风扇缸与内径叶片围带之间的静叶片阵列段的一部分的近视图;以及
图3示出的是图2的截面3-3,表示叶片槽处的内径叶片围带的横截面。
具体实施方式
图1示出了一个应用本发明的燃气轮机的静叶片部分(或定子叶片区段)10的局部剖视图。静叶片部分10包括风扇缸(或风扇壳体)12,叶片围带(或叶片套罩)14,可变叶片阵列16和驱动器(或致动器)18。叶片围带14包括前叶片围带部件20和后叶片围带部件22(或由它们组成),它们形成了内径叶片槽(或叶片插座)24。位于前叶片围带部件20和后叶片围带部件22的每一个上的一半体槽或凹入部,一起形成槽24。在图1中,仅示出了一部分前叶片围带部件20,以便使槽24的内部能被看到。
可变叶片阵列16包括主动叶片(或驱动叶片)26和从动叶片(或随动叶片)28(或由它们组成)。主动叶片26和从动叶片28在内径叶片围带14内通道本发明的同步环可变叶片同步机构来连接。这样,当驱动器18使主动叶片26转动时,从动叶片28也旋转同样的量。
典型地,从动叶片28环绕着整个叶片围带14布置。图中只示出了一部分可变叶片阵列16,以便使槽24能够被看见。主动叶片26和从动叶片28在风扇缸12内的静叶片部分10的外径以及叶片围带14内的静叶片部分10的内径可转动地安装。在其他实施例中,主动叶片26的数目可以变化,且其数目可以仅为一个。在一个实施例中,可变叶片阵列16包括52个从动叶片28和2个主动叶片26。主动叶片26在结构上与从动叶片28类似。在一个实施例中,主动叶片26是重型构造的形式,以承受由驱动器18所施加的力。
内径叶片围带14可以部件的尺寸小于内径叶片围带的整个圆周尺寸来构造。如图1所示的一个实施例中,前叶片围带部件20由约占整个内径叶片围带14的周长的六分之一(即60°)的各部分制成。在这样一种情况下,两部分具有9个半体槽24,而一个部分具有8个半体槽24。较小的前叶片围带部件20用来帮助在主动叶片26和从动叶片28被嵌入到槽24中时在它们的内径端部下面定位前叶片围带部件20。在一个用于开缝(或分开)风扇缸设计的实施例中,后叶片围带22由约占内径叶片围带14的周长的一半(即180°)的各部分制成,在此情况下,每一部分均具有26个半体槽24。本发明的同步环可变叶片同步机构以各较小的段构成,如用于开缝风扇缸设计中的约占一半(即180°)的各段。另外,在其它实施例中,用于全环风扇缸设计中,随同同步环可变叶片同步机构一起,前叶片围带部件20和后叶片围带部件22可以做成整环(即360°)。
静叶片部分10在一个燃气轮机的一个压缩机部分中典型地位于一个转子叶片部分的下游或后面。空气由前述的转子叶片部分或一个风扇被迫压到静叶片部分10中。典型地,穿过静叶片部分10的空气前进到一个附加的转子叶片部分。主动叶片26和从动叶片28在其各自的径向活动范围内转动以便控制流经燃气轮机的压缩机部分的空气流。本发明的同步环可变叶片同步机构使它们的转动协调。
图2示出了本发明风扇缸12与内径叶片围带14之间的静叶片阵列16的一部分的近端视图。主动叶片26和从动叶片28的内径端部在内径叶片围带14的槽24中是可转动的。主动叶片26和从动叶片28的外径端部在风扇缸12内是可转动的。截面3-3是在沿内径叶片围带14的部分取的,在此从动叶片28A的内径端部嵌入到槽24A中。前部围带部件20和后部围带部件22一起形成槽24,用于固定可变叶片阵列16的内端部。
图3示出了图2的截面3-3,其表示内径叶片围带14在叶片槽24A处的横截面。内径叶片围带14包括前围带部件20、后围带部件22、槽24A、内通道30和排屑孔32。叶片臂34包括耳轴环箍36和针孔37。同步环38包括凸起部40和缓冲器42。从动叶片28A包括锁定插入件44、耳轴46、叶片臂柱48和固定通道50。
锁定插入件44紧固在固定通道50内部。叶片臂34的耳轴环箍36嵌在叶片臂柱48上。扣状部件52紧固于紧固件54的头部周围。紧固件54然后被插入到紧固件通道50中,并螺纹连接到锁定插入件44中。扣状部件52迫使耳轴环箍36紧贴耳轴46,并且将其紧固于叶片臂柱48周围。在一个实施例中,叶片臂柱48和耳轴环箍36具有一个正方形的形状轮廓,从而当耳轴环箍36嵌在叶片臂柱48周围时,它们不能相对于彼此发生转动。从动叶片28A、叶片臂34、紧固件54和扣状部件52安装在风扇缸12内。对于所有的从动叶片28和主动叶片26重复此过程。减震器42放置在同步环38的较低表面上,以帮助同步环38在内通道30内保持一个环形通道。将同步环38放置在后围带部件22内。随后后围带部件22与同步环38一起紧贴耳轴46定位。针销56穿过排屑孔32设置,并进入到针孔37中,确保将叶片臂34紧固到凸起部40上。针销56是紧密配合在凸起部40之中,并允许叶片臂34以针销56为支点枢转。可变叶片阵列16的多个从动叶片28和主动叶片26以类似方式连接到同步环38上。
前围带部件20定位成抵靠后围带部件22,以使槽24A配装在扣状部件52的周围。扣状部件52用来使从动叶片28A可枢转地固定在槽24A内部。如本技术领域所熟知的,前围带部件20紧固到后围带部件22上。
在操作同步环可变叶片同步机构的过程中,驱动器18使主动叶片26旋转。主动叶片26的叶片臂34以相同方式围绕耳轴46旋转。同步环38由主动叶片26的叶片臂34推动,且在内通道30内部旋转。同步环38由此拉动连接于从动叶片28的叶片臂34,叶片臂依次使从动叶片28转动与由驱动器18转动主动叶片26相同的量。这样,由静叶片部分10出来的空气流动方向能够受到控制,用于利用同步环可变叶片同步机构进入燃气轮机的下一部分。
本发明的同步环可变叶片同步机构能够以较小的各段来构成。在一个实施例中,同步环38被分成用于开缝(或分开)式风扇缸设计的第一段和第二段。
尽管已经参照优选实施例描述了本发明,但本领域技术人员会想到在形式和细节上可以进行各种变化,而这些变化并没有脱离本发明的精神和范围。

Claims (26)

1.一种可变叶片组件,它具有在周向上布置在内径叶片围带和外径风扇缸之间的多个可转动的静叶片,所述可变叶片组件的特征在于,
可旋转地设于所述内径叶片围带的内通道内的同步环;以及
多个叶片臂,所述叶片臂将所述多个可转动的静叶片的每一个静叶片的径端部与所述同步环连接,使得所述多个可转动的静叶片同步旋转。
2.如权利要求1所述的可变叶片组件,其特征在于,所述内径叶片围带包括前部叶片围带部件和后部叶片围带部件。
3.如权利要求2所述的可变叶片组件,其特征在于,所述后叶片围带部件包括内通道。
4.如权利要求2所述的可变叶片组件,其特征在于,所述后叶片围带部件和所述前叶片围带部件包括用来接纳所述多个可转动的静叶片的所述内径端部的槽。
5.一种可变叶片组件,它包括:
包括内通道的内径叶片围带;
具有用于在所述内径叶片围带中转动的第一内径端部的主动叶片;
可在所述内径叶片围带的所述内通道中旋转的同步环;
用于连接所述主动叶片的所述内径端部和所述同步环的叶片臂;
多个从动叶片,每一个所述从动叶片具有用于在所述内径叶片围带中转动的第二内径端部;和
多个用于连接所述第二内径端部和所述同步环的从动臂,这样当所述主动叶片转动一定量时,由所述同步环和所述从动臂将所述多个从动叶片转动相同的量。
6.如权利要求5所述的可变叶片组件,其特征在于,所述内径叶片围带包括前围带部件和后围带部件。
7.如权利要求6所述的可变叶片组件,其特征在于,所述后围带部件包括所述内通道。
8.如权利要求6所述的可变叶片组件,其特征在于,所述后围带部件和所述前围带部件包括用于接纳所述第一内径端部和所述第二内径端部的槽。
9.一种用于燃气轮机的静叶片部分,所述静叶片部分包括:
外径风扇缸;
包括内通道的内径叶片围带;
构形成用于在所述内通道中转动的同步环;
主动叶片包括:
用于在所述外径风扇缸中转动的第一外径端部;
用于在所述内径叶片围带中转动的第一内径端部;
用于连接所述主动叶片的所述第一内径端部和所述同步环的主动臂;
用于旋转所述主动叶片的所述外径端部的驱动器;
多个从动叶片包括:
用于在所述外径风扇缸中转动的第二外径端部;
用于在所述内径叶片围带中转动的第二内径端部;
多个用于连接所述第二内径端部和所述同步环的从动臂,这样当所述主动叶片转动一定量时,由所述同步环与所述从动臂转动所述多个从动叶片相同的量。
10.如权利要求9所述的静叶片部分,其特征在于,所述内径叶片围带包括前围带部件和后围带部件。
11.如权利要求10所述的静叶片部分,其特征在于,所述前围带部件和所述后围带部件包括用于接纳所述第一内径端部和所述第二内径端部的槽。
12.如权利要求10所述的静叶片部分,其特征在于,所述后围带部件包括内通道。
13.如权利要求9所述的静叶片部分,其特征在于,所述第一内径端部和所述第二内径端部包括紧固件通道。
14.如权利要求13所述的静叶片部分,其特征在于,所述紧固件通道包括用于接纳螺纹紧固件的锁定插入件。
15.如权利要求13中所述的静叶片部分,其特征在于,其包括嵌入到所述紧固件通道中的紧固件,用以将所述叶片臂和所述多个从动臂分别紧固到所述第一内径端部和所述第二内径端部上。
16.如权利要求15所述的静叶片部分,其特征在于,所述紧固件包括用于将所述主动叶片和所述多个从动叶片可旋转地紧固到所述内径叶片围带上的扣状部件。
17.如权利要求16所述的静叶片部分,其特征在于,所述扣状部件将所述主动臂和所述从动臂分别紧固到所述主动叶片和所述多个从动叶片上。
18.如权利要求9所述的静叶片部分,其特征在于,所述第一内径端部和所述第二内径端部包括具有正方形截面的臂柱。
19.如权利要求9所述的静叶片部分,其特征在于,所述叶片臂的端部和每个所述从动臂的端部包括具有正方形截面的环。
20.如权利要求9所述的静叶片部分,其特征在于,所述同步环包括用于将所述同步环的环状保持在所述内径叶片围带的所述内通道中的减震器。
21.一种用于在具有外径风扇缸和内径叶片围带的燃气轮机中使用的可变叶片,所述可变叶片包括:
叶片部;
用于在所述风扇缸内旋转的外径端部;
用于在所述内径叶片围带中旋转的内径端部;以及
用于接纳叶片臂的定位于所述内径端部的臂柱;
22.如权利要求21所述的可变叶片,其特征在于,所述臂柱包括一个用于接纳螺纹紧固件的紧固件通道。
23.如权利要求22所述的可变叶片,其特征在于,所述紧固件通道包括用于接纳螺纹紧固件的螺纹的锁定插入物。
24.如权利要求21所述的可变叶片,其特征在于,所述内径端部包括用于在所述内径叶片围带中旋转的耳轴。
25.如权利要求21所述的可变叶片,其特征在于,所述外径端部包括用于在所述外径风扇缸中旋转的耳轴。
26.如权利要求21所述的可变叶片,其特征在于,所述内径端部包括用于将所述可变叶片旋转地锁定在所述内径叶片围带中的扣状部件。
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