CN101048491A - 微生物检测用膜滤器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明的目的在于提供一种微生物检测用膜滤器,其荧光背景低,可以适合于组合了各种波长荧光染料的染色,且提高了操作性。本发明提供一种微生物检测用膜滤器,其具有厚度为10~500μm的聚合物层和在上述聚合物层上的厚度为0.1nm~1μm的金属层。另外,本发明提供一种微生物的检测方法,该方法使用权利要求1~5任一项所述的微生物检测用膜滤器来检测微生物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种荧光背景低、平滑的微生物检测用膜滤器。
背景技术
有一种方法:通过膜滤器过滤微生物,对被捕获在过滤器上的微生物进行荧光染色后,通过荧光显微镜观察。但是,存在以下问题:由于膜滤器也会发出荧光,因此无法高灵敏度地检测微生物。虽然观察中有以肉眼进行的方法、以CCD摄像机摄影的方法等若干的选择,但是不论哪个方法,如果难以区别荧光背景和微生物的荧光,则无法高灵敏度地检测微生物。
对于该问题,必须使用以衣葛兰黑(Irgalan black)这样的黑色染料对膜滤器进行染色来降低背景的方法、或者使用预先以黑色染料着色了的市场出售的膜(例如,CycloblackTM、Whatman)。但是,即便使用这样的膜,也只对某一特定的波长有降低背景的效果,并不是对所有的波长都实现低背景。即,在现有技术中存在以下问题:无法进行组合有各种波长荧光染料的染色,试验受到限制。
另一方面,荧光染色所使用的膜滤器的材质通常为聚碳酸酯、聚酯,是柔软并易卷的材质,因此存在以下问题:膜表面易起褶皱,在其后的显微镜观察中,每当观察区域不同时,焦点位置会改变。此外,还存在用小镊子等夹着处理时难以操作的问题。
发明内容
发明要解决的技术问题
因此,本发明的目的在于提供一种微生物检测用膜滤器,其荧光背景低,可以适用于组合了各种波长荧光染料的染色,且提高了操作性。
用于解决问题的方法
本发明人们为了实现上述目的而进行了深入研究,结果发现通过用金属对膜滤器的表面进行涂覆,可以有效地解决上述问题,从而完成了本发明。
即,本发明提供一种微生物检测用膜滤器,其具有厚度为10~500μm的聚合物层和在所述聚合物层上的厚度为0.1nm~1μm的金属层。
另外,本发明提供一种微生物的检测方法,该方法使用权利要求1~5任一项所述的微生物检测用膜滤器来检测微生物。
附图说明
图1表示利用电子显微镜观察到的本发明膜滤器的表面观察图像。
图2表示市场出售的膜滤器和本发明膜滤器的荧光背景。
图3表示本发明的膜滤器上的大肠杆菌的荧光染色照片。
具体实施方式
本发明的微生物检测用膜滤器具有聚合物层和金属层。
构成聚合物层的聚合物只要是通常被用作膜滤器的聚合物,就没有特别限定,例如可以列举硝化纤维、聚碳酸酯、聚酯、聚砜、聚氟乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯。优选为聚酯、聚碳酸酯。采用聚酯、聚碳酸酯等制造的膜滤器的细孔尺寸均匀,因此适于捕捉细菌等并观察荧光染色。
形成聚合物层的方法可以是通常所使用的任何方法,另外也可以使用CycloblackTM(Whatman)、NucleporeTM(Whatman)等市场出售的膜滤器作为本发明的聚合物层。
聚合物层的厚度优选为10~500μm,更优选为20~30μm。
构成金属层的金属并没有特别限定,例如可以列举金、银、铜、锌、铝、钛、钽、铬、铁、镍、钴、铅、锡等金属或它们的合金(其中,排除金属层为Au、Pt、Pd、Pt-Pd的情况)。优选为锡。锡对微生物没有毒性,染色后容易观察细菌,因此是特别有效的。
在前述聚合物层上形成金属层的方法,只要是可以形成平滑的膜的方法就没有特别限定,可以列举出蒸镀、溅射、CVD(化学气相沉积)等。
金属层的厚度优选为0.1nm~1μm,更优选为10~100nm。只要在上述范围内,就可以得到荧光背景低、平滑且操作性优异的膜滤器。
本发明的膜滤器的细孔尺寸优选为φ0.1~10μm,优选根据成为对象的微生物细胞的尺寸来选择细孔尺寸。
细孔密度优选为105~108个/m2。细孔密度越大,过滤性越好,但由于存在膜滤器的强度降低的荧光,因此需要考虑这些来选择细孔尺寸和细孔密度。
本发明的膜滤器可以通过在聚合物层上形成金属层之后再形成细孔来制作,或者可以通过在形成有细孔的聚合物层上形成金属层来制作。
形成细孔的方法,可以是通常所使用的任何方法,例如可以列举对聚合物层照射带电粒子或中子而形成径迹,并化学腐蚀处理该径迹的方法等。细孔最好是均匀的口径和圆筒状的孔道相对于薄膜面形成直角。另外,通过蒸镀等形成金属层的情形中,由于本发明的膜滤器的细孔尺寸比聚合物层的细孔尺寸小,因而必须在聚合物层形成比所期望的细孔尺寸大的细孔尺寸的细孔。
使用了本发明的微生物检测用膜滤器的微生物的检测,可以与使用以前的膜滤器的检测同样地进行。采用本发明的微生物检测用膜滤器过滤微生物,对被捕获在过滤器上的微生物进行荧光染色后,用荧光显微镜观察。本发明的方法中的荧光染色可以是一直以来所使用的任意的荧光染色法,例如可以列举,利用大肠杆菌特异性荧光探针(vermicon AG)、DAPI(4’6-二氨基-2-苯基吲哚)等的染色。
实施例
(实施例1)
通过溅射法对Whatman公司的CycloblackTM(直径25mm孔径φ0.8μm)涂覆Sn。通过涂覆,在膜滤器表层形成Sn层,最终的孔径比φ0.8μm小,成为通常用于微生物试验的孔径φ0.55μm(图1)。
另外,对孔径φ0.6μm的膜滤器(Whatman公司的CycloblackTM)同样涂覆Sn时,最终的孔径成为通常用于微生物试验的φ0.45μm。
另外,对孔径φ0.4μm的膜滤器(Whatman公司的CycloblackTM)同样涂覆Sn时,最终的孔径成为φ0.25μm(图1)。
(实施例2)
对于实施例1的对Whatman公司的CycloblackTM(直径25mm孔径φ0.8μm)涂覆Sn而得到的膜滤器,测试荧光显微镜观察时的背景。所使用的膜滤器为:用Whatman公司的CycloblackTM作为市售品膜滤器1、用Whatman公司的CycloporeTM(黑色)作为市售品膜滤器2、用Whatman公司的CycloporeTM(普通)作为市售品膜滤器3,本发明的膜滤器使用通过离子溅射对市售品膜滤器1涂覆Sn而得到的膜滤器。
测定方法如下。即,将本发明的经涂覆的膜滤器以及未涂覆的膜滤器置于荧光显微镜(Leica;DMRXA2)的观察区域下。采用冷却CCD摄像机(CoolSNAP)分别摄影荧光滤光块A4(激发滤片:BP360/40、吸收滤片:BP470/40)、L5(激发滤片:BP480/40、吸收滤片:BP527/30)、Y3(激发滤片:BP535/50、吸收滤片:BP610/75)下的荧光图像。摄影时间(exposure time,曝光时间)设为60ms(A4)、160ms(L5)、160ms(Y3)。对这样摄影得到的各膜滤器的荧光背景,通过图像分析软件Leica-Qwin计算出一个画面的荧光图像(1300×1030像素)的一个像素的平均亮度(256色调)。结果,市场出售的膜滤器3显示出最高值,因此将其设为100并计算出相对值。
试验结果如图2所示,与未涂覆的膜滤器相比,涂覆有Sn的膜滤器背景大幅降低。
(实施例3)
对于实施例1的对Whatman公司的CycloblackTM(直径25mm、孔径φ0.8μm)涂覆Sn而得到膜滤器,使用该膜滤器过滤大肠杆菌,在STA培养基中37℃下培养该膜滤器4小时。对这样短时间培养的金属膜滤器进行乙醇固定后,采用市场出售的大肠杆菌特异性荧光探针(vermicon AG)染色。染色方法按照所记载的规程进行。其后,利用DAPI(4’6-二氨基-2-苯基吲哚)进行染色,然后将该膜滤器贴到载玻片上,用封片剂SlowFadeTM(Molecular Probe)封片后,盖上盖玻片并密封。将该试样放在荧光显微镜BX60(Olympus)的载物台上,物镜为60倍,采用CCD摄像机C5810(Hamamatsu photonics)摄影。
图3中分别为:左侧表示利用大肠杆菌特异性探针染色的大肠杆菌,右侧表示利用DAPI染色的大肠杆菌,为同一视野。
从图中所见可知,无论通过哪一染色方法,大肠杆菌都被清楚地染色,显示出本染色方法的有效性。
Claims (5)
1.一种微生物检测用膜滤器,其具有厚度为10~500μm的聚合物层和在上述聚合物层上的厚度为0.1nm~1μm的金属层(其中,排除金属层为Au、Pt、Pd、Pt-Pd的情况)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的微生物检测用膜滤器,其中,细孔尺寸为φ0.1~10μm。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的微生物检测用膜滤器,其中,细孔密度为105~108个/m2。
4.根据权利要求1~3任一项所述的微生物检测用膜滤器,其中,金属层包含Sn。
5.一种微生物的检测方法,其使用权利要求1~4任一项所述的微生物检测用膜滤器来检测微生物。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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JP319479/2004 | 2004-11-02 | ||
JP2004319479A JP2006129722A (ja) | 2004-11-02 | 2004-11-02 | 微生物検出用メンブランフィルタ |
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CN101048491A true CN101048491A (zh) | 2007-10-03 |
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CNA2005800365565A Pending CN101048491A (zh) | 2004-11-02 | 2005-11-02 | 微生物检测用膜滤器 |
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US (1) | US20070207518A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1811016A4 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2006129722A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100831719B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101048491A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2005301687A1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2585005A1 (zh) |
TW (1) | TW200621993A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2006049200A1 (zh) |
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JP5374809B2 (ja) * | 2006-06-29 | 2013-12-25 | パナソニック株式会社 | 微生物計測システム |
JP2009113148A (ja) * | 2007-11-06 | 2009-05-28 | Nomura Micro Sci Co Ltd | 研磨スラリーのろ過方法並びに研磨材の回収方法及び回収装置 |
RU2516580C2 (ru) * | 2008-11-24 | 2014-05-20 | Конинклейке Филипс Электроникс Н.В. | Способ и устройство для быстрого анализа образцов текучего вещества с использованием фильтра |
EP2577299A4 (en) * | 2010-06-07 | 2014-03-19 | 3M Innovative Properties Co | FILTRATION METHODS AND DEVICES |
EP2734280A4 (en) * | 2011-07-22 | 2015-04-15 | Bio Merieux Inc | METHOD AND NECESSARY INSULATING MICROORGANISMS OF A CULTURE |
WO2013151936A1 (en) * | 2012-04-02 | 2013-10-10 | Corning Incorporated | Dark shade dyeing method for microporous track etch membranes with large pores and low porosity |
US9415349B2 (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2016-08-16 | General Electric Company | Porous membrane patterning technique |
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DE2947448B1 (de) * | 1979-11-24 | 1981-05-07 | Berthold 5439 Elsoff Schilling | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Membranen |
DE3615831A1 (de) * | 1986-05-10 | 1987-11-12 | Bayer Ag | Metallisierte membransysteme |
US5510195A (en) * | 1991-03-01 | 1996-04-23 | Nikko Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Resin membrane having metallic layer and method of producing the same |
JPH0985067A (ja) * | 1995-09-27 | 1997-03-31 | Sapporo Breweries Ltd | 合成樹脂製メンブランフィルタ |
WO1999022843A1 (en) * | 1997-11-04 | 1999-05-14 | Corning Incorporated | Laminated metallized membrane filter |
GB2352652A (en) * | 1999-08-06 | 2001-02-07 | Fsm Technologies Ltd | Pre-treating hollow fibre membranes for micro-organism detection |
JP3907508B2 (ja) * | 2001-07-30 | 2007-04-18 | 松下エコシステムズ株式会社 | 微生物採取チップ、微生物採取キット、微生物計量方法及び微生物計量装置 |
JP2003139704A (ja) | 2001-10-31 | 2003-05-14 | Asahi Breweries Ltd | 微生物の染色装置および染色方法 |
GB2387130A (en) * | 2002-04-04 | 2003-10-08 | Fluid Technologies Plc | Hollow fibre filter membrane unit with microorganism detector, and associated usage |
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2004
- 2004-11-02 JP JP2004319479A patent/JP2006129722A/ja active Pending
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2005
- 2005-11-02 TW TW094138369A patent/TW200621993A/zh unknown
- 2005-11-02 CN CNA2005800365565A patent/CN101048491A/zh active Pending
- 2005-11-02 KR KR1020077009849A patent/KR100831719B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-11-02 AU AU2005301687A patent/AU2005301687A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2005-11-02 EP EP05800545A patent/EP1811016A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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2007
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EP1811016A4 (en) | 2009-03-04 |
KR20070060141A (ko) | 2007-06-12 |
US20070207518A1 (en) | 2007-09-06 |
AU2005301687A1 (en) | 2006-05-11 |
CA2585005A1 (en) | 2006-05-11 |
TW200621993A (en) | 2006-07-01 |
KR100831719B1 (ko) | 2008-05-22 |
JP2006129722A (ja) | 2006-05-25 |
EP1811016A1 (en) | 2007-07-25 |
WO2006049200A1 (ja) | 2006-05-11 |
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