CN101047309A - 螺旋支架及其制造方法 - Google Patents

螺旋支架及其制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101047309A
CN101047309A CNA2007101053398A CN200710105339A CN101047309A CN 101047309 A CN101047309 A CN 101047309A CN A2007101053398 A CNA2007101053398 A CN A2007101053398A CN 200710105339 A CN200710105339 A CN 200710105339A CN 101047309 A CN101047309 A CN 101047309A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
helical mount
laser
main body
edge
mount
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Granted
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CNA2007101053398A
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CN101047309B (zh
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西洛·西蒙森
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Tyco Electronics Raychem GmbH
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Tyco Electronics Raychem GmbH
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Publication of CN101047309A publication Critical patent/CN101047309A/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G15/00—Cable fittings
    • H02G15/08—Cable junctions
    • H02G15/18—Cable junctions protected by sleeves, e.g. for communication cable
    • H02G15/182—Cable junctions protected by sleeves, e.g. for communication cable held in expanded condition in radial direction prior to installation
    • H02G15/1826—Cable junctions protected by sleeves, e.g. for communication cable held in expanded condition in radial direction prior to installation on a removable hollow core, e.g. a tube
    • H02G15/1833—Cable junctions protected by sleeves, e.g. for communication cable held in expanded condition in radial direction prior to installation on a removable hollow core, e.g. a tube formed of helically wound strip with adjacent windings, which are removable by applying a pulling force to a strip end
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C53/56—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally
    • B29C53/58—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically
    • B29C53/78—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically using profiled sheets or strips
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C61/00—Shaping by liberation of internal stresses; Making preforms having internal stresses; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C61/06—Making preforms having internal stresses, e.g. plastic memory
    • B29C61/0608—Making preforms having internal stresses, e.g. plastic memory characterised by the configuration or structure of the preforms
    • B29C61/065—Preforms held in a stressed condition by means of a removable support; Supports therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1432—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface direct heating of the surfaces to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
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    • B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
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    • B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
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    • B29C65/1654—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/1658—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined scanning once, e.g. contour laser welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1664—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1677—Laser beams making use of an absorber or impact modifier
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1677—Laser beams making use of an absorber or impact modifier
    • B29C65/1683—Laser beams making use of an absorber or impact modifier coated on the article
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114—Single butt joints
    • B29C66/1142—Single butt to butt joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/128—Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/1282—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one overlap joint-segment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/12841—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one butt joint-segment comprising at least two butt joint-segments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/21—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
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    • B29C66/22—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being in the form of recurring patterns
    • B29C66/221—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being in the form of recurring patterns being in the form of a sinusoidal wave
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/23—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being multiple and parallel or being in the form of tessellations
    • B29C66/232—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being multiple and parallel or being in the form of tessellations said joint lines being multiple and parallel, i.e. the joint being formed by several parallel joint lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/24—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight
    • B29C66/242—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于径向地支撑弹性扩张的管材(26)的管状螺旋支架(1)及其制造方法。螺旋支架(1)由至少一个卷绕起来以形成数个环圈(15)的挤压主体(2)所构成，挤压主体(2)的边缘(5、6)在螺旋支架(1)的纵向(L)上至少部分地相连接。为了提供可靠地承受扩张的管材(27)的压力并且能易于从管材(27)中移除的螺旋支架(1)，根据本发明提供的边缘(5，6)通过至少一个激光焊缝(16)彼此相连接。

Description

螺旋支架及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于径向支撑弹性扩张管材的管状螺旋支架，其包括至少一个被卷绕以形成多个环圈的挤压主体，该挤压主体的边缘至少在某些区域中沿螺旋支架的纵向彼此相连接。
背景技术
这种类型的螺旋支架是现有技术中已知的并且用来在装配之前将管材(比如举例来说绝缘管和套筒体)保持在扩张状态。绝缘管在电力工程(比如举例来说电缆接合或者电缆插入式连接器)中用于电气元件的电绝缘和密封。由于高于100kv的高电压例如可能会施加于这些元件，绝缘管由厚壁构成并且由具有良好电绝缘性质的材料(比如硅树脂)制成。在装配状态，绝缘管应当与要绝缘的元件的外部轮廓相匹配，并且类似于收缩管，尽可能无间隙地将其包围。因此装配之前绝缘管的直径会弹性地扩张大约3至4倍。这使得易于将电气元件插入绝缘管。
为了将绝缘管保持在扩张状态直至装配，将呈螺旋支架形式的支架体插入绝缘管，其会吸收由于弹性扩张所引起的回复力。为了装配，要绝缘的元件定位在内部空心的螺旋支架中。然后需要将螺旋支架从绝缘管中移除，以使得绝缘管能收缩在该元件的周围以将其密封和绝缘。
前述类型的螺旋支架已经证明了它们的价值，因为即使在有例如大约10巴的压力作用在其上时也能够手动地移除。通过拉着挤压主体的一个自由端穿过空心螺旋支架而展开挤压主体，螺旋支架能逐渐地释放。因此，在螺旋支架逐渐地释放时，绝缘管自动地收缩在要绝缘的元件周围。这样，螺旋支架能在无需其它辅助手段或设备之下从绝缘管中手动地移除。
因此所述类型的螺旋支架必须一方面一直承受由扩张的绝缘管所产生的压力并且在另一方面必须能通过展开挤压主体而从绝缘管中手动地移除。对于螺旋支架而言还很重要的是，借助于较小的壁厚而使内部具有插入电气元件的足够构造空间。
为了确保这些性质，在已知的螺旋支架中，环圈的边缘被焊接起来，例如通过在加热炉中加热或者通过超声焊接。可选地或者另外地，要连接的边缘能以如此的方式成形以使得它们彼此间机械地锁闭。
已知的螺旋支架例如在US5,087,492、EP0619636A1、WO93/22816、WO83/00779、DE19820634C1、EP0399263A2、US5670223或者WO96/24977中有描述。
已知螺旋支架的一个问题是，各个环圈之间的连接在结构上很复杂且成本昂贵和/或边缘牢固程度不均匀地彼此连接。边缘的不均匀连接会引起手动地展开挤压主体所需的必要释放力波动极大，因此已连接的边缘在释放螺旋支架时的分离会变得很困难或者不能手动地进行或者螺旋断开。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种改进的螺旋支架，其能以合理的价格制造，其可靠地承受从外面径向施加的压力并且其能容易地从绝缘管或套筒体中手动地移除。
根据本发明，通过使边缘通过至少一个激光焊缝彼此相连接而实现这个目的。
根据本发明的这个解决方案在结构上特别简单并且具有优点：与已知的焊缝相比，激光焊缝能形成为具有精确构造且空间上非常小的尺寸。这就在根据本发明的螺旋支架的环圈之间产生了特别均匀的连接。
根据本发明精确构作而成的激光焊缝一方面将边缘充分牢固地彼此相连接以承受扩张的绝缘管的压力，并且另一方面能通过手动地拉曳挤压主体而释放。在激光焊接期间，焊接能量准确地计量并特别精确地导向，以避免能量损失并且激光焊缝以精确的尺寸形成在预定连接点处。
例如象目前使用的、会导致材料和接合的不希望改变的超声焊接所发生的螺旋支架在远离激光焊缝的部位处过热现象，利用激光精确地聚焦于目标的激光焊接而得以消除。与已知的螺旋支架相比，根据本发明的激光焊接能显著地改善焊接连接的质量。此外，激光焊缝的构造就制造技术而言很简单，因此根据本发明的螺旋支架能以合理的价格制造。
根据本发明的螺旋支架还能开发出各种构造，它们在所有情况下本身都是有利的，并且彼此独立。下面将简洁地描述这些构造以及在所有情况下与构造相关的优点。
激光焊缝还能构作在螺旋支架的外周面和内周面之间。因此内周面和外周面基本上都不受到激光焊接的影响。这样，外和内周面都构造成例如特别光滑的表面，因此将绝缘管牵引到外周面上和将电气元件插入螺旋支架内部的动作都不会受阻于变化的表面。
为了在螺旋支架的内周面和外周面之间构作出激光焊缝，挤压主体在激光焊缝的区域中可具有至少一个吸收激光的熔化部分。还可以提供至少一个可透过激光的透过部分。这两个部分可通过激光焊缝相连接。透过部分可以由吸收很少激光的材料构成，因此该材料不会被激光所熔化。另一方面，熔化部分可以由很好地吸收激光的材料制成，因此被激光照射的熔化部分会熔化。
由于这两个部分相对于彼此焊接的过程，在焊接期间可以在结构上确定激光焊缝在螺旋支架壁内什么深度处形成。在焊接期间，激光束穿过对于激光透明的透过部分的材料而不受显著影响，并且激光焊缝形成在激光束所照射的熔化部分处。熔化部分被由聚焦的激光所构成的激光束所熔化。与熔化部分相邻的透过部分仅被受热的熔化部分间接地加热和焊接，而不是被激光直接加热。
在根据本发明的螺旋支架中，透过部分可在径向上至少在某些区域中重叠熔化部分，因此螺旋支架被激光焊接设备所焊接，所述激光焊接设备产生从外面照射到螺旋支架上的激光束。可替代地，透过部分自然也可以在径向内侧重叠熔化部分，因此激光束可以例如通过镜设备从内侧焊接螺旋支架。
能例如通过混合挤压或多层挤压方法只在一个制造步骤中制造出具有熔化部分和透过部分的挤压主体。在制造期间，熔化部分能用吸收材料来改进，比如举例来说涂料、玻璃纤维或其它填充材料，比如云母或白垩。可替代地，挤压主体也能首先用可透过激光的材料制造并且然后给在熔化部分的区域中设置吸收激光的吸收层。吸收层可以是例如涂敷层、喷涂层或浸渍层。熔化部分也可另外构造为施加于挤压主体的带状材料。
如果螺旋支架支撑弹性扩张的绝缘管，螺旋支架必须承受由绝缘管产生的从外面作用的径向压力以及在纵向上作用的拉伸力。在解绕螺旋支架时，激光焊接连接通过借助于释放力拉出挤压主体的一端而释放。为了尽可能好地承受绝缘管所产生的压力和拉伸力以及在另一方面将解绕所需的释放力保持得尽可能低，激光焊缝可以在螺旋支架的一个螺旋方向上以各种形式构造。激光焊缝可以例如构造为基本上直线的、波状线的或者断续线的，其中断续线也可以由多个彼此间隔开的成型元素，比如举例来说三角形或菱形，所形成。
为了构作环圈能在其上彼此相互支撑的保持面，挤压主体可在相邻环圈上具有在纵向和/或在径向上重叠的匹配边缘。为了同时增大对于由于绝缘管所产生且作用在环圈上的拉伸力的阻力，匹配边缘可在纵向上一个接合在另一个后面，从而在纵向上锁定环圈。
除了具有其有利构造的前述螺旋支架之外，本发明还涉及一种制造用于径向地支撑弹性扩张的管材的螺旋支架的方法，其中挤压主体被卷绕起来以形成螺旋支架并且挤压主体的环圈边缘在纵向上彼此相连接。为了生产能以合理的价格生产且易于解绕的稳定螺旋支架，根据本发明提出了边缘通过激光进行焊接。
为了在螺旋支架的制造期间提供结构上简单的期望断裂点，螺旋支架能在该点处分离以解绕，在焊接期间可构造出螺旋支架的弱化区域，在该区域处环圈的边缘可分离地彼此相连接。弱化区域的特征在于其对环境减小的阻力，从而其形成了在解绕螺旋支架时焊接的环圈彼此间撕开的限定分离点。其优点是，激光焊接连接在手动地解绕挤压主体时被释放并且无需在螺旋支架的结构上提供分离所需的断裂点。然而，挤压主体的形状在撕开之后基本上保留。为了支持弱化区域的撕开，挤压主体由基本上硬性的材料制成，至少在激光焊缝周围的区域中如此。因为硬性材料的缘故，在解绕螺旋支架期间保持了剥离效应并且防止了焊缝由于拉伸力或剪切应力而变形。
为了螺旋支架在特别少的制造步骤中经济地生产，在卷绕挤压主体之前形成至少一个可吸收激光的熔化部分和至少一个可透过激光的透过部分。可选地，挤压主体可首先由可透过激光的材料形成，然后在卷绕之前将可吸收激光的带状材料施加到其上。
为了使螺旋支架能在其外周面和内周面上形成不会被焊接所改变的均匀表面，在焊接期间至少一个激光束可以传导穿过透过部分，使得激光焊缝在螺旋支架内侧形成。透过部分中的材料主要不是被激光所熔化，而是被由于激光作用在熔化部分中出现的热所熔化。
在一个特别简单的构造中，挤压主体的相邻环圈可以彼此间牢靠地焊接，因此激光焊缝桥接形成于相邻环圈之间的环圈缝隙。为此目的，将激光束导向挤压主体彼此相对定位的表面中的至少一个上。在又一构造中，这能通过让激光束或环圈缝隙或者两者与螺旋支架的纵向交叉地延伸而得到简化。环圈缝隙也可以构造为V形，背离激光束渐缩。环圈缝隙最终可具有由挤压主体形成的基部，激光束被导向在该处，因此相邻的环圈在环圈缝隙的基部处被焊接起来。在这些实施例中，换言之在环圈缝隙的对焊和焊接中，可以省略透过部分，如果激光束被导向穿过环圈缝隙的话。
为了以特别少的时间花费制造螺旋支架，边缘可以在卷绕期间在一个操作步骤中焊接起来。
为了辅助激光焊缝，边缘可以另外地粘接在一起或者机械地锁定，因此螺旋支架的稳定性增加。为了辅助激光束，也可以将超声引入挤压主体。
连同螺旋支架及其制造方法，本发明另外还涉及用于制造根据前述实施例之一的螺旋支架的设备。该制造设备包括：保持设备，挤压主体能紧固和卷绕到其上以形成螺旋支架；以及至少一个焊接设备，挤压主体的边缘能由所述焊接设备至少在某些区域中焊接起来，保持设备和焊接设备能相对彼此运动。为了简单且价格合理地制造螺旋支架，根据本发明提供的焊接设备构造为激光焊接设备。
最后，本发明还涉及一种管组件，其具有径向向外弹性地扩张的管材，比如举例来说绝缘管，并且具有布置在管材中的螺旋支架，该螺旋支架于径向内侧支撑扩张的管材。为了提供价格合理并且其中螺旋支架能易于从管材中移除的管组件，根据本发明，所提供的螺旋支架根据上述实施例之一来构作。
附图说明
下面将参照附图以举例的方式描述本发明。不同的特征可以彼此独立地组合，如同上面在各个有利构造中所说明的那样。
图1以举例的方式示出了根据本发明的螺旋支架的一个实施例的示意图。
图2示出了图1中细节A的示意性剖视图。
图3示出了图1中细节A的一个替代实施例的示意性剖视图。
图4示出了图1中细节B的示意性视图。
图5示出了图1中细节B的一个替代实施例。
图6示出了图1中细节B的一个替代实施例。
图7示出了根据本发明的设备的示意图，用于制造图1所示根据本发明的螺旋支架。
图8示出了根据本发明具有图1所示螺旋支架的管结构的示意图。
图9示出了图2中挤压主体的示意性剖视图。
图10示出了挤压主体的又一替代实施例的示意性剖视图。
图11示出了挤压主体的又一替代实施例的示意性剖视图。
具体实施方式
首先，参照图1和2以及其中示出的示例性实施例描述根据本发明的螺旋支架1的总体构造。
螺旋支架1由在卷绕方向W上以多个环圈15卷绕的挤压主体2构成。
挤压主体2构造为基本上连续的带状体，其例如通过挤压方法来制造。这样，理论上，螺旋支架1能制造为无限的长度。实际上，螺旋支架1通常大约30至50cm长。在横截面上，挤压主体2在图1、2和9所示的实施例中基本上为矩形，具有平行的上和下边缘3、4以及较短的侧边缘5、6。侧边缘5、6彼此相匹配。矩形突起7设置在边缘6一侧，而矩形凹槽8设置在边缘5一侧。突起7和凹槽8形成得彼此相匹配。凹槽8`形成于边缘6一侧而突起7`形成于边缘5一侧。突起7、7`和凹槽8、8`在没一情况下以直角形成。
挤压主体2还具有吸收激光的熔化部分11和激光可透过的透过部分12。在图2和9所示的实施例中，熔化和透过部分11、12之间的分隔边缘13基本上与上和下边缘3、4垂直地延伸。在图2和9所示的横截面中，具有凹槽8的边缘5设置在熔化部分11中而具有突起7的边缘6设置在透过部分12中。为了使其易于识别，熔化部分11示出为图2和9中的阴影区域。
透过部分12由在用激光照射时不会升温且传导激光的材料构成。另一方面，熔化部分11由在用激光照射时变热直到其熔化的材料制成。熔化部分11可以用诸如比如涂料(pigment)、玻璃纤维、云母或白垩等吸收性材料增强。
挤压主体2，如图1所示，卷绕起来以形成具有多个环圈15的管状螺旋支架1。挤压主体2的上和下边缘3、4形成了螺旋支架1的外周面14a和内周面14b。螺旋支架1具有外径DA和内径D1。螺旋支架1以这样一种方式卷绕起来使得边缘5、6接触相邻环圈15。图1中螺旋支架1的相邻环圈15彼此重叠，因为环圈15的突起7在所有情况下都啮合在相邻环圈15的凹槽8内。在图1和2所示的实施例中，环圈15的熔化部分11在凹槽8的沿径向外侧的区域中被下一环圈15的透过部分12所包围。
在所有情况下构造在相邻环圈15的边缘4、5之间的是激光焊缝16，其通过牢固结合来连接边缘5和6。在图2中示例性的实施例中，激光焊缝16在所有情况下具体地将环圈15的凹槽8连接于相邻环圈15的突起7。激光焊缝16构造成具有焊缝宽度29和焊缝高度30。激光焊缝16还形成了螺旋支架1中的弱化区域34，边缘5、6在该处可分离地彼此相连接。在弱化区域34，换言之在激光焊缝16处，最终形成的螺旋支架1具有比其它区域要低的阻力。
图1中的螺旋支架1形成了具有大致圆形横截面的管状体，其沿纵向L上延伸。自然地，螺旋支架1也能构造为具有其它横截面，比如举例来说椭圆形或正方形。
由于挤压主体2能以任何长度例如通过挤压方法制造，那么就能由挤压主体2制造出任何长度的螺旋支架1。图1中的挤压主体2由挠性的硬材料，比如塑料制成。这意味着卷绕起来的螺旋支架1能承受在径向上向内作用的压力D。螺旋支架1的耐压力由激光焊接的环圈15增强，环圈15另外以突起7和凹槽8在径向上搭接并且彼此支撑。在图1和9所示的实施例中，挤压主体2由实心材料制成。可选地，也能将挤压主体2的横截面构造为空心体，以减少材料用量和螺旋支架1的重量。
为了释放或拆卸螺旋支架1，卷绕起来的焊接挤压主体2能被解绕或退卷。为此目的，以释放力FZ在一个自由端17拉曳挤压主体2，使得焊接的边缘5、6在弱化区域34分离并且彼此间释放。其中螺旋支架1的阻力减小的弱化区域34形成了期望的破裂点或分离点。如图1所示并且如下参照图8更详细地描述的那样，为了分离，自由端17在纵向L上经由管状螺旋支架1的内部28拉出。由于激光焊缝16形成为具有非常精确确定且特别均匀的尺寸29、30，根据本发明的螺旋支架1可靠地承受先前已知的压力D和在拉动方向Z上作用的拉伸力。有利地是，由于激光焊缝16具有精确的结构，螺旋支架1没有超尺寸，并且焊接连接能用预定的释放力FZ释放。释放力FZ必须至少足够地大以使得能克服在各个弱化区域34中的减小的阻力并且边缘5、6能分离。通过激光焊接，能够非常精确地确定弱化区域34中的阻力，使得其足够地大以便能承受从外面作用的压力和拉伸力，但是也足够地小以便能手动地分离边缘5、6。
激光焊缝16能以不同的形式构造，如下参照图4至6所述，其中每个都示出了图1中细节B的替代构造。
图4示出了根据本发明的螺旋支架1在水平方向上的两个相邻环圈15a、15b。如图2中所示，环圈15b在这里与环圈15a重叠。在图4的实施例中，激光焊缝16构造为在卷绕方向W上基本上平行于边缘5、6基本上径直延伸的直线。可选地，环圈15a、15b当然可以由多个平行延伸的激光焊缝16连接。在图5的实施例中，环圈15a、15b由两个基本上呈波形延伸的激光焊缝16彼此相连接。如图6所示，激光焊缝16可以仅在诸点处或一些部分处连接边缘5、6，换言之形成点状焊缝。激光焊缝16在图6中构造为例如虚线或者多个三角形。激光焊缝16可选地能以其它成型元素形成，比如菱形或平行四边形。由于激光焊缝16在图6的实施例中形成为三角形，边缘5、6能特别容易地由释放力FZ分离，因为边缘5、6在三角形的尖端处由于较小的焊接面而连接得不那么牢固。
图3示出了挤压主体2的替代实施例，其被卷绕以形成根据本发明如图1所示的螺旋支架1。在图3中，类似于图2，仅示出了图1中的细节A。与图2所示实施例相比，突起7和7`在所有情况下被构造为以直角弯折/卷边并且在所有情况下都具有横交于纵向对准的保持面18或者相对的保持面19。在螺旋支架1被卷绕起来时，突起7、7`彼此啮合并且保持面18支撑在相对的保持面19上，并且在拉动方向Z上作用以张应力。螺旋支架1的相邻环圈15在拉动方向Z上由彼此啮合的卷边突起7、7`锁定。
与图2所示的示例性实施例不同，在图3的实施例中，整个挤压主体2由形成透过部分12的激光可透过的塑料制成。在熔化部分11的区域中，螺旋支架1具有带有吸收材料的吸收层11`，其施加于挤压主体2。吸收层11`可用通过涂刷、喷涂或浸渍涂敷或者通过混合挤压进行施加。可选地，熔化部分11也可以构造为施加于挤压主体2的带状材料11``，其在卷绕期间布设于螺旋支架1的相邻环圈15之间。在图3的实施例中，为了图示上的原因，示出了两个可选方案，吸收层11`或者带状材料11``。
在图2的实施例和图3的实施例中，激光焊缝16位于螺旋支架1的壁20内侧，即位于外周面14a和内周面14b之间。为了能将激光焊缝16构作在螺旋支架1的壁20内侧，激光焊缝16必须能让外面的激光束在光学上可接触。这种光学可接触性在图2和3的实施例中由透过部分12来保证。
图7示出了根据本发明的制造设备21的一个示例性实施例，用于制造根据本发明的螺旋支架1。制造设备21具有一个或多个激光焊接设备24和一保持设备22，所述保持设备22具有多个压力辊23并用于螺旋支架1。在图7中，保持设备22构造为心轴。
为了制造螺旋支架1，首先将挤压主体2夹持入基本上圆柱形的保持设备22，例如借助于夹持设备。挤压主体2可以通过例如挤压方法来制造，并且然后在供给方向31上以刚刚挤压成型的状态供给到制造设备21。保持设备22随后以这样一种方式卷绕挤压主体2使得如图1所示各个环圈15彼此接触且径向重叠。为了进行卷绕，保持设备22绕着其纵轴32在旋转方向33上转动。螺旋支架1倚靠在保持设备22的外周面上。多个压力辊23将挤压主体2压抵保持设备22的外周面上，因此螺旋支架1形成得具有恒定的直径DA、D1。挤压主体2的边缘5、6由固定布置的激光焊接设备24所产生的激光束25焊接起来。例如为了在螺旋支架1中形成多个激光焊缝16，制造设备21可具有一个或多个激光焊接设备24，如图7中虚线所示。
在图7所示的示例性制造设备21中，激光焊接设备24布置为与保持设备22径向地间隔开，而由聚焦的激光所构成的激光束25从外面照射在螺旋支架1上。可选地，激光焊接设备24可布置在空心的保持设备内侧或者激光束25可经由镜设备(未示出)转向并且从径向内侧焊接螺旋支架1。
激光束25以角度α照射在螺旋支架1的挤压主体2上。在图7所示的示例性制造设备21中，角度α基本上呈直角。激光焊缝16的宽度29会受到角度α的影响。不然的话，焊缝宽度29取决于激光束25的直径。焊缝深度30基本上由激光束25的强度以及由保持设备22的旋转速度确定的供给速度确定。
图8示出了根据本发明的管结构26的一个示例性实施例，其中弹性扩张的管材，比如举例来说绝缘管27，由根据本发明的螺旋支架1保持在扩张状态。绝缘管27由弹性的电绝缘材料，比如硅，制成，并且用于电绝缘电气元件。为了绝缘，绝缘管27应当像收缩管那样包围要绝缘的元件。为了能容易地将绝缘管27定位在要绝缘的元件周围，其由根据本发明的螺旋支架1保持在扩张状态。当根据本发明的绝缘管结构26布置在元件外围时，可通过拉曳挤压主体2的自由端17而释放螺旋支架1。一旦螺旋支架1被移除，扩张的绝缘管26就释放并收缩，如图8所示。上述实施例能进一步变型。
在一个简化实施例中，如图10所示，焊接可以经由两个相邻环圈15之间的环圈缝隙35进行。图10的示意性剖视图示出了螺旋支架1在制造期间的剖面。在左边，焊缝16刚刚利用激光束25形成而在右边还没有形成焊缝16。为了简洁起见，下面仅讨论与上述实施例的不同之处，图10中也采用了上述实施例的附图标记。
本实施例中的激光束25平行于环圈缝隙35的壁而引向基部36，因此激光焊缝16形成于环圈缝隙35的基部上。
这种构造的优点在于无需透过部分12。然而，如同上述实施例那样，激光束25的照射点必须由吸收激光的材料制成。如同上述实施例那样，这能通过在基部36的区域中进行适当的涂敷而实现。然而，在一个简化构造中，整个挤压主体2能由吸收激光的材料制成。
最后，在一个特别简单的实施例中，挤压主体2的突起7、7`能省略。这个实施例在图11中示意性地示出。
在这种构造中，环圈缝隙35贯穿挤压主体2的整个厚度，换言之从外周面14a达到内周面14b。相邻环圈15被对焊在一起。
为了实现相邻环圈15的焊接，激光束25相对于环圈缝隙35的纵向37倾斜一个角度γ。这意味着激光束25照射在挤压主体2彼此相对的边缘之一上并且将其熔化。如图11所示，激光束25的倾斜角度γ也能设置为使得激光束25照射在两个相邻环圈15上并且至少在熔化区域38导致相对边缘5上的材料熔化。所述材料随后收缩并形成焊缝16，如图11中环圈缝隙35的最左边所示。焊缝16桥接环圈缝隙35。
如图11所示，环圈缝隙35不必横交于螺旋支架的纵向L延伸，而是也能相对于纵向L倾斜。必要的仅是激光束25大约倾斜一个角度γ。如果环圈缝隙35具有V形截面并且在环圈缝隙35的基部36处挤压主体2的两个相对边缘5在环圈15中彼此相接触，那么激光束25不必予以倾斜。
如同图10的实施例那样，可以仅是激光束25将要照射的区域由吸收激光的材料制成，或者整个挤压主体2都由吸收激光的材料制成。
在所有情况下，除了激光之外，超声波也能用于焊接或预热挤压主体2。

Claims (25)

1.一种用于径向地支撑弹性扩张的管材(26)的管状螺旋支架(1)，包括至少一个卷绕起来以形成数个环圈(15)的挤压主体(2)，挤压主体(2)的边缘(5、6)至少在一些部位沿螺旋支架(1)的纵向(L)彼此连接，其特征在于，所述边缘(5，6)通过至少一个激光焊缝(16)彼此连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的螺旋支架(1)，其特征在于，所述激光焊缝(16)形成所述螺旋支架(1)的弱化区域(34)，所述边缘(5，6)在该弱化区域处彼此可分离地连接。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的螺旋支架(1)，其特征在于，所述激光焊缝(16)设置在所述螺旋支架(1)的内周面(14b)和外周面(14a)之间。
4.根据前述任一权利要求所述的螺旋支架(1)，其特征在于，所述螺旋支架(1)具有至少一个至少位于激光焊缝(16)区域中的熔化部分(11)，该熔化部分由吸收激光的材料制成。
5.根据前述任一权利要求所述的螺旋支架(1)，其特征在于，所述螺旋支架(1)具有至少一个由激光可透过的材料制成的透过部分(12)。
6.根据权利要求5的螺旋支架(1)，其特征在于，所述透过部分(12)在径向上至少部分地重叠所述熔化部分(11)。
7.根据权利要求4至6中任一项所述的螺旋支架(1)，其特征在于，一个环圈(15)的熔化部分(11)被焊接至相邻环圈(15)的透过部分(12)。
8.根据权利要求4至7中任一项所述的螺旋支架(1)，其特征在于，所述挤压主体(2)在熔化部分(11)的区域中设置有吸收激光的吸收层(11`，11``)。
9.根据权利要求4至8中任一项所述的螺旋支架(1)，其特征在于，所述熔化部分(11)是施加于挤压主体(2)的带状材料(11``)，由涂刷、浸渍或喷涂的涂层或者混合挤压的涂层构成。
10.根据权利要求4至9中任一项所述的螺旋支架(1)，其特征在于，所述螺旋支架(1)在熔化部分(11)的区域中用吸收性材料增强。
11.根据权利要求10所述的螺旋支架(1)，其特征在于，所述吸收材料包含玻璃纤维、矿物质填充材料或者有色涂料。
12.根据前述任一权利要求所述的螺旋支架(1)，其特征在于，所述激光焊缝(16)在螺旋方向(W)上构作成基本上直线、基本上波形线或者基本上断续线。
13.根据前述任一权利要求所述的螺旋支架(1)，其特征在于，所述挤压主体(2)具有配接边缘(5，6)，它们至少在一些部位处在纵向(L)上和/或在径向上重叠于相邻的环圈(15)。
14.根据权利要求13所述的螺旋支架(1)，其特征在于，所述边缘(5，6)在纵向(L)上一个接合在另一个后面并且环圈(15)在纵向(L)上锁定。
15.根据前述任一权利要求所述的螺旋支架(1)，其特征在于，所述激光焊缝(16)桥接两个相邻环圈(15)之间的环圈缝隙(35)。
16.一种用于制造径向地支撑弹性扩张的管材(26)的螺旋支架(1)的方法，其中挤压主体(2)被卷绕起来以形成螺旋支架(1)，并且挤压主体(2)的边缘(5，6)在螺旋支架(1)的相邻环圈(15)的纵向(L)上彼此连接，其特征在于，所述边缘(5，6)由激光焊接起来。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，在焊接期间构作出螺旋支架(1)的弱化区域(34)，所述边缘(5，6)在该弱化区域彼此可分离地相连接。
18.根据权利要求16或17所述的方法，其特征在于，在卷绕挤压主体(2)之前，形成至少一个吸收激光的熔化部分(11)和至少一个可让激光透过的部分(12)。
19.根据权利要求16至18中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在焊接期间至少一个激光束(25)传导穿过所述透过部分(12)。
20.根据权利要求16至19中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在卷绕挤压主体(2)期间所述边缘(5，6)被焊接起来。
21.根据权利要求16至20中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，超声波被引入挤压主体(2)以辅助激光束(25)。
22.根据权利要求16至21中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述边缘被粘接或机械锁定以辅助激光焊缝。
23.根据权利要求16至22中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述激光束(25)被引入形成于两个相邻环圈(15)之间的环圈缝隙(35)并且形成桥接环圈缝隙(35)的激光焊缝(16)。
24.一种用于制造根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的螺旋支架(1)的设备，具有保持设备(22)，挤压主体(2)可紧固和卷绕到保持设备(22)上以形成螺旋支架(1)，以及至少一个焊接设备(24)，挤压主体(2)的边缘(5，6)借助于所述焊接设备(24)在至少一些部位处进行焊接，其中保持设备(22)和焊接设备(24)能相对彼此运动，其特征在于，焊接设备(24)是激光焊接设备(24)。
25.一种管组件(26)，具有可径向向外弹性扩张的管材(27)以及布置在管材(27)中、于径向内侧支撑可扩张的管材(27)的螺旋支架(1)，其特征在于，所述螺旋支架(1)是根据权利要求1至15中任何一项所述的螺旋支架(1)。
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