CN101043853B - 用于置入股骨骨髓腔内的髓内钉 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种髓内钉(1),所述髓内钉螺旋状的端部被改型,且所述髓内钉用于穿过大转子的侧致密层置入到股骨的骨髓腔内,具有一近端钉段和与一近端钉段连接的远端钉段,并在两个钉段上具有骨螺钉孔(2、3、4、5、6、7、8),其中所述近端钉段具有至少一个倾斜于纵轴伸展的孔(3,4),从而使骨螺钉穿入所述孔被置入股骨头内,或骨螺钉在顺行方向上穿入孔(2)内,其中所述远端钉段至少部分是笔直的,和所述近端钉段具有一在侧后方向上的弯曲。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于置入股骨骨髓腔内的髓内钉。
背景技术
在作为现有技术的US6464360B1中主要披露了一种用于接骨的髓内钉。所述髓内钉的远端在置入股骨内之前在前后向平面上具有一个弯曲,所述弯曲与股骨对应的弯曲相符。其近端在正面上具有连续的弯曲,所述弯曲的曲率半径几乎恒定不变。
在US6010506中披露了一种混合钉,所述混合钉具有在一个平面上延伸的不同的半径。
在WO02089683中披露了骨钉的螺旋状的几何结构。采用这种几何结构实现了用于顺行置入的骨钉的进入点从转子端向外侧的移动。在置入骨钉时,将骨钉旋转大约90°。骨钉的旋转主要受其结构的影响。其中内部的骨髓腔壁和骨松质起着导向结构的作用。
但在应用纯螺旋状的几何结构时由于骨骼解剖结构的变化将造成困扰。有时尽管已经到达最终位置,但远端栓锁孔并未对准外侧中间位置。为进行修正必须将骨钉进一步置入或回拉。因此将导致骨钉围绕其纵轴的旋转。此点造成栓锁位置的高度出现不希望的变化。因此在到达最终位置时,用于在股骨头上进行栓锁的螺钉不能从中心置入股骨颈内。在仅对旋转进行修正时,此点相反又会导致骨钉的植入深度的偏移,由此导致栓锁位置的高度出现不希望的变化。如果骨钉的近端尚未完全位于骨骼内,则必须将骨钉更深地置入。但此点将会导致不希望出现的继续转动。因此最佳的栓锁位置又会发生变化。
最好当骨钉位于其最终植入深度范围内时,优选远端栓锁孔平行于正面或对准外侧中间位置。利用螺钉将髓内钉固定在近端范围内,所述螺钉穿过股骨颈被置入股骨头内。在栓锁时必须保证髓内钉的植入深度,以便使螺钉从中心穿过股骨颈。然而股骨颈和股骨头以端面为基准围绕股骨纵轴线偏转。该偏转被称作前倾角。此点导致髓内钉必须围绕其纵轴的偏转,以便与因解剖结构不同而变化的前倾角适配,从而实现螺钉从中心对股骨颈的穿透并在股骨头的中间的固定。另外髓内钉的近端应与周围的皮层齐平,或者深于皮层。此点将避免周围的组织受到近端髓内钉端的刺激。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的在于提出一种髓内钉,其不必为每种特异生长的股骨具有适配的几何结构,从而可以满足上述条件。
本发明的目的是通过对螺旋状的端部的改型得以实现的。其中髓内钉的近端在一平面上弯曲。而远端则保持笔直。因此当髓内钉到达其最终植入深度范围内时自动停止旋转。在最终植入深度范围内,髓内钉可以在不改变旋转位置的情况下沿其纵轴移动。而且髓内钉仍可以围绕其纵轴任意旋转,而不会因此改变其植入深度。
钉远端段至少局部根本是不弯曲的,同时当钉远端段穿过大转子的侧致密层置入骨髓腔内时,钉近端段向侧后向伸展。
由于改变了螺旋状的端部,因而制成的植入物最佳地适用于特定的骨骼组。解剖结构的变化不再影响植入物的功能。为实现在骨骼上的栓锁,可对植入物进行最佳的定向。
本发明的髓内钉在近端范围内优选具有两个倾斜于纵轴的相互平行伸展的孔和第三个与所述两个第一孔交叉的孔。这种栓锁方式的特点在于把多种栓锁方案结合在一起。在本发明的髓内钉中,顺行栓锁是非常重要的。用于置入髓内钉的新的侧刀口几乎与顺行螺钉的置入方向重合。因此如果在近端只采用一个螺钉的话,则不必在皮肤上开有另外的刀口。
本发明的髓内钉的远端优选具有两个横向并相互平行伸展的孔和一个设置在所述两个孔之间的同样横向伸展的孔,后者的孔对应于由所述两个孔定义的平面围绕纵轴扭转。中间的栓锁螺钉对应于左边的和右边的栓锁螺钉旋转25°设置。
这种远端栓锁的特点在于把各种栓锁方案结合在一起。除了通常公知的标准栓锁件之外,在两个标准栓锁件之间还开有第三个孔。利用三个螺钉对髓内钉的栓锁实现髓内钉的轴向稳定。也就是说,髓内钉的远端的端部位置被固定。髓内钉不会在螺钉上出现偏移。由于轴向栓锁螺钉错位25°角,因而避免了在置入螺钉时损伤到重要的软组织部分。例如当螺钉在前后向(90°)置入时就会出现上述情况。栓锁螺钉相互间隔约30mm。
在植入植入物时,髓内钉与目标弓形件连接。所述目标弓形件通常平置于髓内钉的端部上。因而实现髓内钉与目标弓形件之间的无梯阶的过渡和轮廓结合。
为实现符合专业要求的植入,非常重要的是,能够利用成像方法(X光透视)明确地识别出骨钉的端部。此点根据目前的现有技术是无法实现的,或仅能不足以满足要求地实现。不正确的植入深度将会导致如下后果:当髓内钉在骨骼内的深度不够时,会由于凸出的髓内钉端部诱发诸如疼痛、坏死等并发症。在髓内钉植入过深时,会导致髓内钉端部的偏移。另外还会引起骨骼向内生长,从而将原有的置入通道的上部闭合。此点将使在以后很难将植入物取出。另外还存在骨钉的尖端穿入膝盖内的危险。
优选在本发明的髓内钉的近端的外侧设置有斜面,此斜面将把髓内钉与目标弓形件之间的过渡和轮廓结合中断。因此在前后向摄取图像(X光透视)时便于明确地识别出骨钉的端部。此点简化了手术,并且应用更为安全,且缩短了手术时间。髓内钉进入点位于大转子的侧面上。该面特别对于瘦病人来说是可以触摸到的。也就是说,该面只覆盖有一层薄的皮肤层。由于髓内钉的进入点设置在侧面,因而避免了髓内钉近端的端部对软组织部分的刺激。因此该斜面的优点还在于,可以实现髓内钉近端的端部与骨松质侧壁的轮廓配合的结合。因此可防止对软组织的刺激。
优选在近端的端部中间面上设有一个槽,通过该槽将髓内钉防扭固定在目标弓形件上。与本发明相反,现有技术通过两个槽来实现防扭固定,因而势必增大制造成本。
在近端设有圆柱形的下凹,目标弓形件与髓内钉之间的连接螺钉的相互反向的轴被置入所述下凹内。因此髓内钉轴与弓形靶同轴对准,其中螺纹仅用于产生挤压力。与本发明不同,现有技术直接地且仅通过连接螺钉的螺纹实现同轴对准。
根据一种特殊的设计方式,尖端具有特殊的结构设计,从而所述尖端可以防扭转地打入到远端股骨范围中的骨松质内,以便即使没有螺钉栓锁仍能实现防扭的固定。髓内钉尖端的径向断面具有非圆形的特殊的尖端面,特别是具有凹入的切口或平面。但根据这两种变型方案,不能进行补充的任意的或非任意的旋转。
在附图和从属权利要求中对本发明的进一步设计做了表述和描述。
所述进一步设计和附图标记对照表是公开内容的组成部分。
附图说明
下面对照附图对本发明形象地并举例做进一步的说明。
下面将对附图相互关联并相互交织地加以说明。
图中示出:
图1示出从前向后观视的,即在侧中间平面上的本发明的髓内钉,
图2示出从外侧向中间观视的,即在前-后平面上的本发明的髓内钉,
图3示出从近端向远端观视的本发明的髓内钉,
图4a示出从外侧向中间观视时的本发明的髓内钉的端部的特殊的实施方式,
图4b示出从远端向近端观视时的本发明的髓内钉的端部的特殊的实施方式,
图5a示出从外侧向中间观视时的本发明的髓内钉的端部的特殊的实施方式,
图5b示出从远端向近端观视时的本发明的髓内钉的端部的特殊的实施方式,
图6a示出从外侧向中间观视时的本发明的髓内钉的端部的特殊的实施方式,
图6b示出从远端向近端观视时的本发明的髓内钉的端部的特殊的实施方式,和
图7示出从近端向远端观视时的本发明的髓内钉的近端。
具体实施方式
图1-3分别以三个视角示出本发明的髓内钉1。近端端面和远端端面相互扭转60°-110°,优选扭转70°-90°,特别是扭转80°。根据本实施例,半径为300-1300mm,优选为900-1200mm,特别是约为1100mm。近端半径的长度与对皮层的侧接触面相应。该长度为300-1000mm,优选为600-800mm,特别是为700mm。
远端的笔直段的长度等于髓内钉远端的端部伸入远端骨松质结构内的深度。该长度为35-70mm,优选为40-60mm,特别是约为52mm。
在骨钉1近端范围内设有:一个120°的顺行孔2,用于3.9-6.0mm粗细的栓锁螺钉;一个前面的130°探察孔3,用于约6.5mm粗细的螺杆,所述探察孔3在中间与用于3.9-6.0mm粗细的栓锁螺钉的120°顺行孔2重合;一个后面的约130°的探察孔4,用于约6.5mm粗细的螺杆;和椭圆孔5,用于对3.9-6.0mm粗细的栓锁螺钉进行静态定位和动态定位。此外在近端还设有侧斜面9。
最后在远端设有两个横向的相互平行伸展的孔6和7以及前侧孔8,所述孔8相对于所述平行伸展的孔6和7旋转25°。所述角度优选在45°和10°之间(0°时相当于位于两个标准栓锁螺钉之间的正面或平面)。
图4a和4b为本发明的髓内钉1的尖端的变型方案的两个视图。所述尖端的径向断面具有非圆形的特殊的尖端面13,特别是具有三个平面,所述平面的长度为10-40mm,优选为15-25mm,特别是为20mm。尖端的总长度为20-50mm,优选为25-35mm,特别是为30mm。另外在图中还示出孔7。
图5a和5b为本发明的髓内钉1的尖端的变型方案的两个视图。所述尖端的径向断面具有非圆形的特殊的尖端面13,特别是具有三个凹入的切口,所述切口的长度为10-40mm,优选为15-25mm,特别是为20mm,其半径为4-10mm,优选为5-8mm,特别是为6mm。尖端的总长度为20-50mm,优选为25-35mm,特别是为30mm。另外图中还示出了孔7。
图6a和6b为本发明的髓内钉1的尖端的变型方案的两个视图。所述尖端的径向断面具有非圆形的特殊的尖端面13,特别是具有四个凹入的切口,所述切口的长度为10-40mm,优选为15-25mm,特别是约为20mm,其半径为4-10mm,优选为5-8mm,特别是约为6mm。尖端的总长度为20-50mm,优选为25-35mm,特别是约为30mm。另外图中还示出了孔7。
图7示出了从近端向远端观视时的本发明的髓内钉1的近端。在外侧设有一个斜面9,在近端外侧的所述斜面9与轴向的髓内钉轴线的夹角为10°到60°,优选约为40°。最后示出了圆柱形的具有螺纹11的下凹12和在近端的中间侧上的定位槽10。
附图标记对照表
1 髓内钉
2 顺行孔
3 前面孔
4 后面孔
5 椭圆孔
6 与7平行的孔
7 与6平行的孔
8 前外侧孔
9 侧斜面
10 定位槽
11 螺纹
12 圆柱形下凹
13 尖端面
Claims (8)
1.一种髓内钉(1),用于从大转子侧致密层置入股骨的骨髓腔内,包括:具有近端面的近端钉段,具有远端面的与近端钉段连接的远端钉段,以及在近端钉段和远端钉段内的骨螺钉孔(2、3、4、5、6、7、8),其中所述近端钉段具有至少一个倾斜于纵轴伸展的孔(3,4),从而使骨螺钉能够穿入所述孔被置入股骨头内,
其特征在于,所述远端钉段至少部分是笔直的,所述近端面和所述远端面相互旋转60°-110°,且所述近端钉段具有一在侧后向上的弯曲。
2.如权利要求1所述的髓内钉(1),其特征在于,所述近端钉段的长度与皮层的侧接触面相符,并且所述近端钉段的半径为300-1000mm。
3.如权利要求2所述的髓内钉(1),其特征在于,所述近端钉段的半径为600-800mm。
4.如权利要求3所述的髓内钉(1),其特征在于,所述近端钉段的半径为700mm。
5.如权利要求1所述的髓内钉(1),其特征在于,所述远端的笔直段的长度等于在植入状态下所述远端钉端进入远端骨松质结构内的深度,并且所述远端的笔直段的长度为35-70mm。
6.如权利要求5所述的髓内钉(1),其特征在于,
所述远端的笔直段的长度为40-60mm。
7.如权利要求6所述的髓内钉(1),其特征在于,
所述远端的笔直段的长度为52mm。
8.如权利要求1所述的髓内钉(1),其特征在于,所述髓内钉具有下述孔:
一个120°的顺行孔(2),用于约5.0mm粗细的栓锁螺钉;
一个前面的130°探察孔(3),用于约6.5mm粗细的螺杆,所述探察孔(3)与所述顺行孔(2)在中间重合;
一个后面的约130°的探察孔(4),用于3.9-6.0mm粗细的螺杆;
一个椭圆孔(5),用于对3.9-6.0mm粗细的栓锁螺钉在近端范围内进行静态定位和动态定位;
两个横向并相互平行伸展的另外的孔(6)和(7);以及
一个相对于所述两个横向并相互平行伸展的另外的孔(6,7)旋转25°的在远端处的前外侧孔(8)。
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US52256804P | 2004-10-14 | 2004-10-14 | |
US60/522,568 | 2004-10-14 | ||
PCT/IB2004/003425 WO2006040612A1 (de) | 2004-10-14 | 2004-10-20 | Marknagel zur einführung in den markraum eines femur |
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CN101043853B true CN101043853B (zh) | 2010-09-29 |
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EP (1) | EP1802243B1 (zh) |
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KR (1) | KR101230768B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101043853B (zh) |
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CA (1) | CA2584125C (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ554377A (zh) |
TW (1) | TW200630067A (zh) |
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US20130053849A1 (en) | 2013-02-28 |
CN101043853A (zh) | 2007-09-26 |
EP1802243B1 (de) | 2014-11-26 |
KR20070083667A (ko) | 2007-08-24 |
AU2004323972A1 (en) | 2006-04-20 |
ZA200702456B (en) | 2008-04-30 |
US9662154B2 (en) | 2017-05-30 |
US8317788B2 (en) | 2012-11-27 |
US20150230837A1 (en) | 2015-08-20 |
KR101230768B1 (ko) | 2013-02-06 |
WO2006040612A1 (de) | 2006-04-20 |
BRPI0419194B8 (pt) | 2021-06-22 |
JP4681613B2 (ja) | 2011-05-11 |
CA2584125A1 (en) | 2006-04-20 |
CA2584125C (en) | 2013-02-26 |
BRPI0419194B1 (pt) | 2020-01-14 |
US9039707B2 (en) | 2015-05-26 |
JP2008516659A (ja) | 2008-05-22 |
EP1802243A1 (de) | 2007-07-04 |
TW200630067A (en) | 2006-09-01 |
NZ554377A (en) | 2009-10-30 |
US20070288017A1 (en) | 2007-12-13 |
BRPI0419194A (pt) | 2007-12-18 |
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