CN101033944A - Measurement instrument and method suitable for remotely monitoring crack width of concrete - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to the width measurement of the concrete cracks and its method proper to the remote supervisory and control which mainly apply to the local automated interpretation of the concrete cracks width. The hardware modules includes the cameras, image acquisition module, DSP, image display module, network modules, expanding storage space, interrupt controller module, display and the external circuit. The image acquisition module converts the analog video signal into the digital signal and then be processed by the DSP. After the digital signal received the DSP processes the crack image, calculate the crack width and then pass the digital video signals with the width of crack to the network modules or image display module. The processing method mainly includes image interception, image segmentation, anti-color processing, regional markers, small elimination, width measurement, image gauge, width, output image synthesis. This invention, to some extent, reduces the occurrence of errors in the measurement of concrete crack width and facilitates real-time monitoring of dangerous cracks.

Description

Be suitable for the concrete crack width measuring instrument and the measuring method of remote monitoring

Technical field

The present invention relates to be suitable for the concrete crack width measuring instrument of remote monitoring, be mainly used in the local automatic interpretation of concrete crack width, the telecommunication network transmission of fracture width and view data and a certain section remote live network monitoring of locating dangerous crack.

Background technology

The general examination criteria contraction of distress in concrete width is 0.2mm to the maximum.Thereby the distress in concrete that surpasses this standard can seriously reduce the life security that the bearing capacity of concrete material jeopardizes people.Therefore it is wide that seam is accurately measured at the scene fast, and remote real-time monitoring is carried out in indivedual dangerous cracks, and fracture width and view data are carried out the telecommunication network transmission and analyze to have the particular importance meaning.Domestic measurement for fracture width at present, using the widest is the reading microscope method.This method is that the operator can see crack enlarged image and rule and vernier by eyepiece, adjusts vernier by index dial and is positioned at edge of crack, and it is wide that the difference that is positioned at the index dial numerical value at two edges is seam.This method reading process is loaded down with trivial details, and personnel's subjectivity is big, and measuring accuracy is low; Occur subsequently stitching wide mensuration based on the concrete of CCD technology.The operator of this method is to use the CCD camera to take the crack pattern picture, shows the crack pattern picture that amplifies with display screen, and makes the crack vertical with display high scale chi by adjusting camera, can read the fracture width value according to the rule on the display screen.But this method does not still fundamentally overcome the problem of efficiency of measurement and personal error; Appearance based on the concrete crack width measuring instrument of DSP technology has overcome above-mentioned drawback, realized fast automatic interpretation to the crack width data, but still exist a lot of not enough: 1. require operating personnel must arrive the execute-in-place instrument, cause operation siteization, have serious drawback.2. remote transmission, analysis can't be carried out in crack and view data, influence the analysis judgement in dangerous crack, cause declaring that to know efficient low and easily cause major accident.3. thereby can not monitor the initiation potential accident by real-time follow-up to indivedual dangerous cracks, cause potential safety hazard.4. owing to can't carry out remote real-time monitoring to indivedual dangerous cracks, also cause on-the-spot frequent the detection, cause the manpower waste, detection efficiency is low.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to overcome existing concrete fracture width measuring instrument and only limit to local automatic interpretation, can't carry out remote real-time monitoring, cause that real-time is poor, efficiency of measurement is low with the transmission of the wide and view data telecommunication network of seam with to a certain section dangerous crack.The present invention proposes a kind ofly, can realize the embedded concrete crack width detector of portable high-accuracy of the wide automatic interpretation function of remote data transmission, reception, storage, analysis and seam based on new Internet video, DSP, the combination of CCD three's technology.

Technical scheme of the present invention is characterized in that comprising the software module of hardware module and the wide automatic interpretation method of realization seam as shown in Figure 1.Hardware module partly comprises camera, image capture module, DSP, image display, mixed-media network modules mixed-media, extends out storage space, interrupt control module, display and peripheral circuit.Software module is used to realize the hardware module initialization and realizes the wide automatic interpretation method of seam.Hardware components is gathered the crack pattern picture of concrete surface with camera, the output analog video signal; Image capture module adopts the SAA7115 chip of Philips company that the analog video signal that collects is changed into digital signal and send DSP processing.Behind the DSP receiving digital video signal, the crack image is handled, calculated the width value in crack, the digital video signal that will have the fracture width value is then passed to mixed-media network modules mixed-media or image display.Mixed-media network modules mixed-media is responsible for vision signal is carried out the long distance network transmission by Ethernet interface.Image display adopts the digital video signal after the SAA7104 chip of Philips company is handled DSP to change into analog video signal real-time crack pattern picture and width value of showing on display; Extending out storage space is made up of two SDRAM and a slice FLASH ROM flash memory of memory circuit expansion.Interrupt control module and key circuit acting in conjunction produce the DSP hardware interrupts, thereby realize the menu function of this instrument.Described mixed-media network modules mixed-media is connected with dsp chip, the ethernet medium access controller EMAC of the built-in 10/100Mb/s of dsp chip and management data input/output module MDIO, and dsp chip links to each other with mixed-media network modules mixed-media by above two modules.The EMAC module is the interface of the outer networked physics layer data transmission of dsp processor kernel and sheet, is responsible for the reception and the transmission of Ethernet data.The MDIO module is in charge of all PHY chips that link to each other with EMAC, comprise to the PHY chip enumerate, configuration and device state monitoring etc.Described image capture module is connected with dsp chip, video a/d converter in the image capture module links to each other with DSP by digital video data signal, video sampling clock signal and video control signal, when gathering vision signal, DSP control of video sampled clock signal and digital video data signal are exported the image information that collects from image capture module; Described image display is connected with dsp chip, video d/a converter in the image display links to each other with DSP by digital video data signal, video sampling clock signal and video control signal, after the crack pattern that collects was as processed finishing, the image information after DSP control of video sampled clock signal and digital video data signal will be handled was input to image display; Peripheral circuit comprises ethernet interface circuit, memory circuit, reset circuit, artificial circuit, key circuit, clock circuit, mode selection circuit, connector circuit and power-switching circuit; Ethernet interface circuit mainly is the Interface design of the peripheral circuit of IntelLXT971PHY, and this chip is a Fast Ethernet physical layer adaptive transceiver, can with the EMAC/MDIO module seamless link of dsp chip.Memory circuitry is made up of SDRAM and FLASH ROM flash memory, and they are connected with DSP respectively, and reading in and writing out of its data controlled by DSP, and SDRAM is used for storing image data, and FLASH ROM is used for the loading procedure that powers on of storage apparatus; Reset circuit provides reset signal, resets when pressing reset key; Artificial circuit links to each other with DSP, is used for instrument the power on download and the debugging of loading procedure; Key circuit links to each other with DSP, is used to receive external command, makes instrument carry out corresponding instruction on request; Clock circuit is used to provide system clock; Mode selection circuit mainly links to each other with the model selection pin of dsp chip, is used to set the mode of operation of DSP; Power-switching circuit is used for input voltage is converted to operating voltage.Connector circuit provides that the convenient of device and peripheral components such as outside CCD camera, power supply and display is connected on the circuit board, and the method for supplying power to that adopts lithium battery power supply and DC-DC power supply module solution measuring instrument.

The feature of software module part comprises the initialization that realizes hardware circuit and the automatic interpretation method of fracture width.The realization of hardware circuit function of initializing is based on that the NDK network-driven kit of TI company realizes; The realization of stitching wide automatic interpretation method then is by means of a series of images disposal route.The implementation procedure of software function is as shown in Figure 2: automatically from the FLASH loading procedure, utilize the NDK network driver of TI company to realize the function of initializing of hardware circuit after at first hardware circuit powers on.Instrument enters the start menu interface afterwards, the different menu item that select according to the user this moment, and instrument will be carried out the crack Flame Image Process respectively, the fracture width data are watched and the fracture width data-cleaning operation.The fracture width data watch carry out before the demonstration several times the fracture width data of storage respectively with fracture width data-cleaning operation menu item and remove before the fracture width data manipulation of storage several times.The image processing function that crack Flame Image Process menu item is carried out is the Core Feature part of this instrument, it is characterized in that: central authorities make Cross Scale with DSP at display, with CCD camera collection crack pattern as the time, the Cross Scale that will be positioned at display central authorities is aimed at the centre position in the crack that will measure, DSP receives from the next original image brightness data of image capture module transmission, by DSP the crack image is handled, disposal route mainly comprises image interception, image segmentation, inverse is handled, zone marker, the small size cancellation, width measure, the image scale, width shows, output image is synthetic.Concrete steps are as follows: DSP receives from the next original image brightness data of image capture module transmission, and these data are the crack gray level image of one 720 * 576 pixel on liquid crystal display.Carries out image intercepting function at first, this function is to be the center with the crack, about each s pixel, with the image-region of 2s * t pixel as pending zone, the employing formula

Finish the image-region of intercepting 2s * t pixel, be used for subsequent image processing, s is that t is the pixel value less than the display screen height greater than half pixel value of fracture width pixel; (x is that coordinate is that (x y) locates the image pixel gray-scale value among the figure y) to f.Function of image segmentation is the binary conversion treatment of carrying out to the crack gray level image of the 2s * t pixel of intercepting, and soon gray level image becomes black white image so that successive image is handled; Owing to the image crack after the binaryzation is that black background is a white, institute thinks that giving prominence to the crack carries out the inverse processing, and employing f (x, y)=255-f (x, y), (x, y) ∈ d _Image-region, make the crack become white portion, background is a black region; Wherein f (x, y) be in the image coordinate for (x y) locates the gray-scale value of pixel, d _Image-regionTruncated picture zone when being meant first step image interception.Zone marker is to be used for connected region (being communicated with eight is that standard is judged) in the mark bianry image, the connected region that varies in size in the crack pattern picture is done mark, for the small size cancellation is prepared; Small size cancellation function then is that the white portion less than certain area in the image is removed, and getting rid of is not the white interference region in crack.The image scale shows as and is presented at the middle white crosses line of display, be be used in CCD camera collection crack pattern as the time, Cross Scale is aimed at the centre position in the crack that will measure, because Cross Scale itself is positioned at display central authorities, crack to be measured also is positioned at the middle position of display after the centering like this, helps image processing operations.Carry out fracture width at last and calculate, computing method be with behind the multirow fracture width data accumulation again divided by line number, the fracture width mean value that draws is as final fracture width value.After finishing fracture width automatic interpretation operation, image after will handling at last and data transfer export demonstration for image display and mixed-media network modules mixed-media.

The present invention has functions such as concrete crack width automatic interpretation, the transmission of fracture width data long distance network, the remote monitoring in real time of crack pattern picture.Only need aim at distress in concrete to camera, just can change, and, reduce frequent execute-in-place by network long-distance transmissions video data by network remote monitor fracture width.Also can press the beginning treatment button on the instrument, can on display, see through the distress in concrete image that is exaggerated of output after gathering, handling and the digital displaying value of fracture width, perhaps width data be carried out long-distance transmissions by network in real time.

The concrete crack width measuring instrument that is suitable for remote monitoring is a kind of high precision, automaticity height, and can carry out the special measurement instrument of Internet video data and image transmission.This instrument transmission data Network Based, real-time is good, has reduced the frequent in-site measurement of personnel, and is easy to use, greatly reduces labor intensity of operating personnel, improved work efficiency.Therefore reduced generation wrong in the concrete crack width surveying work to a certain extent, be convenient to dangerous crack is monitored in real time, significant to ensureing concrete structure safety.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 is the technical scheme block diagram with fracture width measuring instrument of automatic interpretation function of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the Flame Image Process process flow diagram of fracture width automatic interpretation of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the interface block diagram of image acquisition of the present invention and display module and dsp chip;

Fig. 4 is the interface block diagram of mixed-media network modules mixed-media of the present invention and dsp chip;

Fig. 5 is the circuit theory diagrams of SAA7115 decoder circuit of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is the circuit theory diagrams of SAA7104 encoder circuit of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is dsp chip external memory storage of the present invention (EMIF) interface block diagram;

Fig. 8 is the circuit theory diagrams of dsp chip clock circuit of the present invention;

Fig. 9 is the circuit theory diagrams of ethernet interface circuit of the present invention;

Figure 10 is the circuit theory diagrams of FLASH memory circuitry of the present invention;

Figure 11 is the circuit theory diagrams of JTAG artificial circuit of the present invention;

Figure 12 is the circuit theory diagrams of key circuit of the present invention;

Figure 13 (a) is that the dsp chip of the present invention loading mode that powers on is selected circuit theory diagrams;

Figure 13 (b) is that dsp chip EMIF interface clock input pattern of the present invention is selected circuit theory diagrams;

Figure 14 is the circuit theory diagrams of reset circuit of the present invention;

Figure 15 is the circuit theory diagrams of connector circuit of the present invention.

Embodiment:

Now the present invention is described further in conjunction with Fig. 2-Figure 14:

A kind of is core with digital signal processor (DSP), concrete crack width measuring instrument with automatic interpretation function, whole instrument comprises camera, image capture module, DSP, mixed-media network modules mixed-media, image display and network interface circuit, reset circuit, artificial circuit, key circuit, clock circuit, memory circuit, mode selection circuit, power-switching circuit, connector circuit and display.

With reference to Fig. 2, this measuring instrument automatic interpretation function is to realize by relevant image processing method.The first step: image interception.This function is that crack pattern picture with 720 * 576 pixels makes image be positioned at display screen central authorities after with Cross Scale centering, then at the crack image-region of display central authorities intercepting 300 * 576 pixels (is each 150 pixel about the center with the crack) as follow-up zone of carrying out Flame Image Process.Method is described below:

(x is that coordinate is that (x y) locates the image pixel gray-scale value among the figure y) to f.

Second step: image segmentation.Function of image segmentation is an analysis of image data, obtains appropriate threshold, and with this threshold value image is carried out binary conversion treatment, for the further Flame Image Process in back is prepared.The design adopts self-adaptation OSTU method to carry out selection of threshold, and this method can be selected sizeable threshold value flexibly.Method is described: calculate the mean square deviation of intercepting area image gray scale, when mean square deviation during less than distress in concrete Flame Image Process threshold value 25～30, threshold value commonly used is 30, and the improper OSTU method of directly utilizing of the target sizes in the key diagram picture is carried out selection of threshold.Dwindle the width of choosing image-region this moment, adds up mean square deviation once more, and this process of iteration is determined the width of chosen area when mean square deviation reaches predetermined threshold.The histogram of chosen area is slit into two groups in given threshold value (numerical value between the optional 1-255) punishment, and given threshold value is exactly the threshold value that finally will select when the variance between two groups that are divided into is maximum.OSTU method formula is calculated as follows: the gray-scale value of establishing piece image is 1-m level (m is the arbitrary value in 1 to 255), and gray-scale value is that the number of pixels of i is n _i, this moment, we obtained:

The total number of pixels of image is: $N=\underset{i=1}{\overset{m}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{n}_i;$

The probability of each pixel value: $P_i=\frac{n_i}{N};$

Be divided into two groups with K: C ₀={ 1～k} and C ₁={ k+1～m}, (K is the numerical value between 1 to 255.C wherein ₀For gray-scale value is the set of numerical value between 1 to K, C ₁For gray-scale value is the set of numerical value between the K to 255), it is as follows that each group produces probability:

C ₀The probability that produces is W ₀: ${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="W"\; filenames="A20071009854600241.png,A20071009854600251.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">W</figure-callout>}}_0=\underset{i=1}{\overset{k}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{p}_i=w_k,$ (W ₀＝W _K)

C ₁The probability that produces is W ₁: ${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="W"\; filenames="A20071009854600251.png,A20071009854600271.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">W</figure-callout>}}_1=\underset{i=k+1}{\overset{k}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{p}_i=1-w_i,$ (W ₁＝1-W _K)

C ₀Mean value U ₀: ${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="U"\; filenames="A20071009854600241.png,A20071009854600251.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">U</figure-callout>}}_0=\underset{i=1}{\overset{k}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\frac{i\&times;{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="p\; i\; W"\; filenames="A20071009854600241.png,A20071009854600251.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">p</figure-callout>}}_i}{W_{}}=\frac{u_k}{W_k}$

C ₁Mean value U ₁: ${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="U"\; filenames="A20071009854600251.png,A20071009854600271.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">U</figure-callout>}}_1=\underset{i=k+1}{\overset{m}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\frac{i\&times;p_i}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="W"\; filenames="A20071009854600251.png,A20071009854600271.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">W</figure-callout>}}_1}=\frac{u-u_k}{1-W_k}$

Wherein $u=\underset{i=1}{\overset{m}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}i\&CenterDot;p_i$ It is the average gray of general image; $u_k=\underset{i=1}{\overset{k}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}i\&CenterDot;p_i$ Be the average gray of threshold value when being K.So all the average gray of sampling is: u=W ₀U ₀+ W ₁U ₁Two between-group variances (inter-class variance) σ _k ²: ${{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}^2}_k={\mathrm{\&omega;}}_0{({\mathrm{\&mu;}}_0-\mathrm{\&mu;})}^2+{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_1{({\mathrm{\&mu;}}_1-\mathrm{\&mu;})}^2={\mathrm{\&omega;}}_0{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_1{({\mathrm{\&mu;}}_1-{\mathrm{\&mu;}}_0)}^2=\frac{{[{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_k\&times;u-u_k]}^2}{{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_k\&times;[1-{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_k]}$

From the size of change K between 1～m, and obtain σ _k ²Maximal value.Work as σ _k ²The K value of correspondence is threshold value during for maximal value.The threshold value that utilization calculates is carried out binary conversion treatment to image:

$f(x,y)=\left\{\begin{array}{c}0,f(x,y)\&le;K\\ 255,f(x,y)>K\end{array}\right..$

The 3rd step: image inverse.This function is image to be carried out inverse handle, and makes that background is a black in the crack pattern picture, and the crack be white.Method is described: and f (x, y)=255-f (x, y), (x, y) ∈ d _Image-region(wherein f (x, y) be in the image coordinate for (x y) locates the gray-scale value of pixel, d _Image-regionTruncated picture zone when being meant first step image interception).

The 4th step: zone marker function.Be used for connected region (being communicated with eight is that standard is judged) in the mark bianry image.The connected region that varies in size in the crack pattern picture is done mark, for the small size cancellation is prepared.Method is described: 1. travel through image pixel from left to right, from top to bottom, find the pixel in the upper left corner, and its pixel value is labeled as 1; 2. travel through image pixel from left to right, from top to bottom, if pixel value is 255, then by upper right, just go up, upper left, left front order judges this 4 pixel values; If upper right some pixel value is not 0, a then current pixel value is labeled as upper right some pixel value; If upper right some pixel value be 0, then judge successively just go up, upper left, left front pixel, and carry out same operation; If this pixel upper right, just go up, upper left, left front 4 pixel values are all 0, then this pixel value are changed to 2, run into this situation later on, only need add 1 with mark value and get final product; 4. merge the not connected region of isolabeling.

The 5th step: small size cancellation function.With removing in the image area less than the zone of given threshold value (it is 40 that the design adopts threshold value).This method is according to the result of zone marker, with in the crack pattern picture less than 40 connected region cancellation, disturb thereby get rid of.Method is described: all connected regions of mark in the statistical picture, when pixel number that connected region comprised less than 40, then the pixel grey scale in this connected region is changed to background colour.

The 6th step: the width computing function is the width in crack in the computed image.Method is described: the image in the statistical regions of lining by line scan, the width in record 30 row white object zones also adds up, and the result is divided by the line number 30 of statistical regions, and obtaining with the pixel is the fracture width of unit, this width multiply by the width that horizontal pixel is represented, obtains final fracture width value.

With reference to Fig. 3, this measuring instrument selects for use the TMS320DM642 dsp chip of TI company as main process chip, this chip internal is integrated three configurable video ports, these video ports provide the seamless interfacing with video a/d conversion chip, thereby need not to add the requirement that CPLD (CPLD) and FIFO (pushup storage) just can satisfy system design.In native system, the VPO port is used for video acquisition, and frequency acquisition is the highest can to reach 80MHz; The VP2 port is used for video and shows that frequency can reach 110MHz.Wherein, data line VP0/2D[9..2] be used to transmit the digital video frequency flow of 8 BT656 forms; VP0/2CTL0 links to each other with the horizontal synchronization pin of collection/display module; VP0/2CTL1 links to each other with the vertical synchronization pin of collection/display module; VP0/2CTL2 links to each other with the field synchronization pin of collection/display module; VP0/2CLK0 links to each other with the clock output pin of collection/display module.

With reference to Fig. 4, the EMAC/MDIO module is arranged in the DM642 sheet, be connected with outer Intel LXT971 PHY chip of sheet and peripheral circuit thereof, can realize the function of data link layer and Physical layer in the osi model fast, Intel LXT971 PHY chip is a Fast Ethernet physical layer adaptive transceiver, support the IEEE802.3 standard, MII (media independent interface) be provided interface, can with the EMAC/MDIO module seamless link among the DM642.Support the transmission of 10/100Mb/s full-duplex data.As shown in Figure 2, main interface signal comprises clock, control and monitor signal and data bus.Clock signal: MTCLK wherein: tranmitting data register.MRCLK: receive clock.MDCLK: the management data clock, this clock signal is realized by the MDIO module on the DM642 sheet.Control and monitor signal comprise: MTXEN: send enable signal.MCOL: network conflict monitor signal.When data collision appearred in network, this signal was told EMAC by PHY set.MRXDV: receive data enable.MRXER: receive mistake, find mistake in the frame that receives, this signal wire is set.Data bus: MTXD (3-0): send data bus, only when enable signal MTXEN was effective, the data on the data bus were just effective.MRXD (3-0): receive data bus, only when enable signal MRXDV was effective, the data on the data bus were just effective.MDIO: management data I/O.To write to PHY or the form of sense data frame is configured PHY.

With reference to Fig. 5, the SAA7104 coding chip is used for sending display screen to show after the D/A conversion DM642 processed video signal.Wherein scrambler BLUE_CB_CVBS pin promptly links to each other with display, is used for sending display with the analog video signal behind the coding.The external 27M crystal oscillator of the XTAL0 pin of scrambler is used to provide the clock signal of coding chip.HSVGC, VSVGC, three pins of FSVGC are respectively horizontal synchronization, vertical synchronization and field sync signal pin, link to each other with DM642 horizontal synchronization, vertical synchronization, field synchronization pin, are used for guaranteeing the correct transmission of vision signal.VP1D[9..2] link to each other with the VP1 port of DM642, be used for sending scrambler to carry out the D/A conversion digital video frequency flow of 8 BT656 forms after the DM642 processing.The RESET pin links to each other with the reset signal of reset circuit, guarantee scrambler power on the back proper reset.

With reference to Fig. 6, the SAA7115 decoding chip is used for the analog video signal of CCD camera collection is carried out sending DSP to handle after the A/D conversion.The AI11 pin of decoding chip is used to receive the analog video signal from the CCD camera, data line VP2D[9..2] link to each other with the DM642VP2 port, the digital video frequency flow that is used to transmit 8 BT656 forms send DM642 to handle; The crystal oscillator of the external 24M of XTAL1 pin is used to provide the clock signal of decoding chip.The Reset pin links to each other with the reset signal of reset circuit, guarantee demoder power on the back proper reset.

With reference to Fig. 7, the DM642 chip has external memory interface, can realize seamless link with multiple external memory.The address bus of DM642 is 64, therefore in this system, select two SDRAM series connection for use, the capacity of each sheet is 4M*32bit, such two are cascaded and just are equivalent to the SDRAM of a slice 4M*64bit, shared address line and control line, TBE[7..0] be the byte enable signal, enable eight bytes.TED[63..0] be the data signal line of external memory storage; TEA[22..3] be the address signal line of external memory storage.Because SDRAM is dispensed on the CE0 space of DM642 in the system, so TCE0 is as chip selection signal, and when it was low level, SDRAM was enabled.TWE is for writing enable signal, and when it was low level, dsp chip can write data among the SDRAM.TSDRAS is for the row gating signal, and when it was low level, dsp chip sent the row address of read-write SDRAM.TSDCAS is the column selection messenger, and when it was low level, dsp chip sent the column address of read-write SDRAM; TSDCKE is the clock enable signal.

With reference to Fig. 8, the DSP clock input circuit is mainly connected to form by the crystal oscillator of 50MHz and the clock multiplier model selection pin of dsp chip.The system clock incoming frequency is 50MHz, the high-low level combination by CLKMODE0 and CLKMODE1, and the frequency of operation of selecting the DM642 innernal CPU is the clock incoming frequency of 1 times, 6 times or 12 times.

With reference to Fig. 9, DM642 has expanded the Ethernet interface of a 10/100Mb/s with the LXT971 physical chip, and this circuit is exactly the detailed schematic diagram of Ethernet interface part.Connector is standard ethernet connector RJ-45.

With reference to Figure 10, the FLASH of this system is used for storing the loading procedure that powers on.FLASH chip model is the AM29LV800B of AMD, and capacity is 1M*8bit, is dispensed on the CE1 space of DM642.The physical circuit schematic diagram is with reference to figure 4: because this chip can be selected with 8 bit data or 16 transmission data, promptly when the BYTE pin is low level, transmit with 8 bit widths, otherwise, when it is high level, selection is transmitted with 16 bit data width, in native system, with BYTE pin ground connection, with 8 transmission, therefore AM29LV800B uses data line TED[7..0], the DQ15/A-1 pin uses as address wire TEA3, the A[18..0 of AM29LV800B] receive the address bus TEA[22..4 of DSP].RESET# receives systematic reset signal.The RY/BY# signal of AM29LV800B and chip selection signal are received on the ARDY signal of DM642 by an OR circuit, like this, when TCE1# is a low level, when being gating CE1 space, if RY/BY# is a low level, expression FLASH chip also is not ready for, if the RY/BY# high level, expression FLASH is in idle condition, and at this moment system just can carry out read-write operation to FLASH.

With reference to Figure 11, DM642DSP has the JTAG emulated port that meets the IEEE1149.1 standard, and it is a kind of boundary scan testing mode, the internal resource that can visit DSP by artificial debugging software and emulator.The physical circuit schematic diagram is with reference to Fig. 5: the JTAG emulated port has 13 signal line, need be connected on the 14 pin slots of standard, and wherein the 6th pin is empty.Pin one on the slot is test mode select signal TMS, pin two is test reset signal TRST#, and pin 3 is input signal of test data TDI, and pin 7 is test data output signal TDO, pin one 1 is the clock signal TCK of test, and pin 9 is a clock feedback signal.

With reference to Figure 12, key circuit mainly is made up of integrated circuit U1, and model is 74HC08, and nA in this integrated circuit and nB are input signal, and nY is an output signal, and when and if only if nA and nB was high level simultaneously, nY was a high level.As long as one of them is a low level, nY then is a low level.In native system, the 1A of U1,1B, 2A, 2B receive the GPO[9..11 of DM642 respectively], link to each other with external key simultaneously, when the operator pushed button, for example KEY1 was pressed, GPO9 becomes low level, 1Y also becomes low level, and promptly 3B is a low level, and then 3Y is that EXTINT6 is a low level, to cause interruption this moment, carry out corresponding interrupt routine.

With reference to Figure 13 (a),, therefore reserve some the dirigibility that means can improve system well is set, and bring convenience to debugging for different mode of operations because DM642 supports multiple mode of operation.TEA[22:21] high-low level combination determined system to adopt any loading mode that powers on, native system is selected external memory interface (EMIF) load mode for use, promptly comes the loading system program by outside spread F LASH.LENDIAN_MODE is big small end model selection pin, if low level, system works under big end pattern, otherwise if high level, system works is under little endian mode, native system is selected little endian mode.

With reference to Figure 13 (b), TEA[20:19] high-low level combination determined the clock input mode of EMIFA interface.If TEA20 is a low level, TEA19 also is a low level, and then selecting provides clock signal by the AECLKIN pin for the EMIFA interface; If TEA20 is a low level, TEA19 is a high level, and then the clock frequency of EMIFA interface is 1/4th of a CPU frequency of operation; If TEA20 is a high level, TEA19 is a low level, and then the clock frequency of EMIFA interface is the sixth of CPU frequency of operation.

With reference to Figure 14, system reset circuit mainly is made up of integrated circuit U12, and model is 74HC14.The principle of work of this chip is: if nA is a high level, then nY is a low level, otherwise in like manner.When button S9 was pressed, 1A became low level, and then 1Y becomes high level, because 1Y links to each other with lead with 2A, then 2A is a high level also, and 2Y becomes low level, and 3A also is a low level, 3Y, 4A are high level, and then 4Y is that the RESET signal becomes low level, and whole system is in reset mode.This surveying instrument in use, the testing staff only needs camera is placed on the crack, can see the crack pattern picture that collects on display, presses to begin to handle button, can see the fracture width value that measures.The present invention is simple, convenient, and is practical, can measure the width of distress in concrete quickly and accurately, has very strong using value.

With reference to Figure 15, connector circuit provides that the convenient of device and peripheral components such as outside CCD, power supply and display is connected on the circuit board, so that the instrument whole machine installation.The DC5V module is the power supply conversion module of DC-DC, and the direct current that is used for the 12V direct current that lithium battery provides is converted into 5V is supplied with the DSP hardware circuit.CON2 is that lithium battery power supply input socket CON1 is that liquid crystal display signal line and power lead connect socket, is used for lithium battery to the data transmission between LCD power supply and display and the DSP; CON3 is the connection socket of key circuit external connection keyboard; CON4 is that ccd signal line and power lead connect socket, is used for lithium battery and provides power supply and CCD and DSP to carry out data transmission for the CCD camera; CON3 is the power supply socket of lithium battery, is used for giving lithium battery power supply by external power supply.Lithium battery is the UR18650F lithium ion battery that adopts SANYO GS company to produce, and its standard output voltage is 3.7V, and the standard electric capacity is 2400mAh.The present invention need provide DC voltage and the power-on time more than 8 hours of 12V, so adopt six lithium batteries, the lithium battery parallel connection of two groups of series connection is powered to measuring instrument after three lithium battery series connection again.

Claims (10)

1, is suitable for the concrete crack width measuring instrument of remote monitoring, comprises camera, image capture module, DSP, image display, extend out storage space, display and peripheral circuit; Gather the crack pattern picture of concrete surface with the CCD camera, the output analog video signal; Image capture module changes into digital signal with the analog video signal that collects and send DSP to handle; Behind the DSP receiving digital video signal, the crack image is handled, calculate the width value in crack, the digital video signal that will have the fracture width value is passed to image display then, and the digital video signal after image display is handled DSP changes into analog video signal and show crack pattern picture and width value in real time on display; It is characterized in that: also comprise mixed-media network modules mixed-media, the interrupt control module, peripheral circuit also comprises ethernet interface circuit, connector circuit; Mixed-media network modules mixed-media is responsible for vision signal is carried out the long distance network transmission by Ethernet interface; Interrupt control module and key circuit acting in conjunction produce the DSP hardware interrupts, thereby realize the menu function of this instrument; Described mixed-media network modules mixed-media is connected with dsp chip, the ethernet medium access controller EMAC of the built-in 10/100Mb/s of dsp chip and management data input/output module MDIO, and dsp chip links to each other with mixed-media network modules mixed-media by above two modules; The EMAC module is the interface of the outer networked physics layer data transmission of dsp processor kernel and sheet, is responsible for the reception and the transmission of Ethernet data; The MDIO module is in charge of all PHY chips that link to each other with EMAC, comprise to the PHY chip enumerate, configuration and device state monitoring etc.; DSP will have the digital video signal of fracture width value and pass to mixed-media network modules mixed-media; Ethernet interface circuit mainly is the Interface design of the peripheral circuit of Intel LXT971PHY, and this chip is a Fast Ethernet physical layer adaptive transceiver, can with the EMAC/MDIO module seamless link of dsp chip; Connector circuit provides that the convenient of device and peripheral components such as outside CCD camera, power supply and display is connected on the circuit board, and connects DC-DC power supply conversion module and lithium battery power supply circuit, the powerup issue of solution measuring instrument.

2, the concrete crack width measuring instrument that is suitable for remote monitoring according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described image capture module is connected with dsp chip, the SAA7115 chip of employing Philips company changes into digital signal with the analog video signal that collects and send DSP to handle, video a/d converter in the image capture module passes through digital video data signal, video sampling clock signal and video control signal link to each other with DSP, when gathering vision signal, DSP control of video sampled clock signal and digital video data signal are exported the image information that collects from image capture module.

3, the concrete crack width measuring instrument that is suitable for remote monitoring according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described image display is connected with dsp chip, and the digital video signal after the SAA7104 chip of employing Philips company is handled DSP changes into analog video signal and show crack pattern picture and width value in real time on display; Video d/a converter in the image display links to each other with DSP by digital video data signal, video sampling clock signal and video control signal, after the crack pattern that collects was as processed finishing, the image information after DSP control of video sampled clock signal and digital video data signal will be handled was input to image display.

4, the concrete crack width measuring instrument that is suitable for remote monitoring according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described peripheral circuit comprises memory circuit, reset circuit, artificial circuit, key circuit, clock circuit, mode selection circuit and power-switching circuit, reset circuit provides reset signal, resets when pressing reset key; Artificial circuit links to each other with DSP, be used for instrument power on the back program download and debugging; Key circuit links to each other with DSP, is used to receive external command, makes instrument carry out corresponding instruction on request; Clock circuit is used to provide system clock; Mode selection circuit mainly links to each other with the model selection pin of dsp chip, is used to set the mode of operation of DSP; Power-switching circuit is used for input voltage is converted to operating voltage; Memory circuit is made up of SDRAM and FLASH ROM flash memory, and they are connected with DSP respectively, and reading in and writing out of its data controlled by DSP, and SDRAM is used for storing image data, and FLASH ROM is used for the loading procedure that powers on of storage apparatus; Extending out storage space is made up of two SDRAM and a slice FLASH ROM flash memory of memory circuit expansion.

5, the measuring method that adopted of the concrete crack width measuring instrument that is suitable for remote monitoring according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: central authorities make Cross Scale with DSP at display, with CCD camera collection crack pattern as the time, the Cross Scale that will be positioned at display central authorities is aimed at the centre position in the crack that will measure, DSP receives from the next original image brightness data of image capture module transmission, by DSP the crack image is handled, calculate the width value in crack, the concrete steps of handling and calculating are as follows:

Step 1, at first carrying out image interception, is the center with the crack, about respectively choose s pixel, as pending zone, adopt formula with the image-region of 2s * t pixel Finish the image-region of intercepting 2s * t pixel, be used for subsequent image processing, s is that t is the pixel value less than the display screen height greater than half pixel value of fracture width pixel; (x is that coordinate is that (x y) locates the image pixel gray-scale value among the figure y) to f;

Step 2, the image segmentation of carrying out are carried out binary conversion treatment to the crack gray level image of 2s * t pixel of intercepting in the step 1, are about to that gray level image becomes black white image so that successive image is handled;

Step 3, carry out inverse and handle, adopt formula f (x, y)=255-f (x, y), (x, y) ∈ d _Image-region, make the crack become white portion, background is a black region; Wherein f (x, y) be in the image coordinate for (x y) locates the gray-scale value of pixel, d _Image-regionTruncated picture zone when being meant first step image interception;

Step 4, carry out zone marker, the connected region in the mark bianry image is done mark with the connected region that varies in size in the crack pattern picture, for the small size cancellation is prepared;

The white portion less than certain area in the image is removed in step 5, small size cancellation, and getting rid of is not the white interference region in crack;

Step 6, carry out fracture width and calculate, computing method be with behind the multirow fracture width data accumulation again divided by line number, the fracture width mean value that draws is as final fracture width value; After finishing fracture width automatic interpretation operation, image after will handling at last and data transfer export demonstration for image display and mixed-media network modules mixed-media.

6, measuring method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: what the image Segmentation in the described step 2 adopted is: the mean square deviation of calculating intercepting area image gray scale, when mean square deviation during less than distress in concrete Flame Image Process threshold value 25～35, the improper OSTU method of directly utilizing of the target sizes in the key diagram picture is carried out selection of threshold; Dwindle the width of choosing image-region this moment, adds up mean square deviation once more, and this process of iteration is determined the width of chosen area when mean square deviation reaches predetermined threshold; The histogram of chosen area is slit into two groups in given threshold value punishment, the numerical value between the optional 1-255 of given threshold value, given threshold value is exactly the threshold value that finally will select when the variance between two groups that are divided into is maximum; OSTU method formula is calculated as follows: the gray-scale value of establishing piece image is the 1-m level, and m is the arbitrary value in 1 to 255, and gray-scale value is that the number of pixels of i is n _i, obtain this moment:

The total number of pixels of image is: $N=\underset{i=1}{\overset{m}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{n}_i;$

The probability of each pixel value: $P_i=\frac{n_i}{N};$

Be divided into two groups with K: C ₀={ 1～k} and C ₁={ k+1～m}, (K is the numerical value between 1 to 255.C wherein ₀For gray-scale value is the set of numerical value between 1 to K, C ₁For gray-scale value is the set of numerical value between the K to 255), it is as follows that each group produces probability:

C ₀The probability that produces is W ₀: $W_0=\underset{i=1}{\overset{k}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{p}_i=w_k$

C ₁The probability that produces is W ₁: $W_1=\underset{i=k+1}{\overset{k}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{p}_i=1-w_i$

C ₀Mean value U ₀: $U_0=\underset{i=1}{\overset{k}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\frac{i{\&times;p}_i}{W_0}=\frac{u_k}{W_k}$

C ₁Mean value U ₁: $U_1=\underset{i=k+1}{\overset{m}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\frac{i\&times;p_i}{W_1}=\frac{u-u_k}{1-W_k}$

Wherein $u=\underset{i=1}{\overset{m}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}i{\&CenterDot;p}_i$ It is the average gray of general image; $u_k=\underset{i=1}{\overset{k}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}i{\&CenterDot;p}_i$ Be the average gray of threshold value when being K.So all the average gray of sampling is: u=W ₀U ₀+ W ₁U ₁Two between-group variances, i.e. inter-class variance σ _k ²: ${{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}^2}_k={\mathrm{\&omega;}}_0{({\mathrm{\&mu;}}_0-\mathrm{\&mu;})}^2+{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_1{({\mathrm{\&mu;}}_1-\mathrm{\&mu;})}^2={\mathrm{\&omega;}}_0{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_1{({\mathrm{\&mu;}}_1-{\mathrm{\&mu;}}_0)}^2$

$=\frac{{[{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_k\&times;u-u_k]}^2}{{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_k\&times;[1-{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_k]}$

From the size of change K between 1～m, and obtain σ _k ²Maximal value; Work as σ _k ²The K value of correspondence is threshold value during for maximal value; Utilize formula $f(x,y)=\left\{\begin{array}{c}0,f(x,y)\&le;K\\ 255,f(x,y)>K\end{array}\right.,$ Image is carried out binary conversion treatment.

7, measuring method according to claim 5 is characterized in that: described step 4, and carry out zone marker and carry out according to the following steps: 1. travel through image pixel from left to right, from top to bottom, find the pixel in the upper left corner, and its pixel value is labeled as 1; 2. travel through image pixel from left to right, from top to bottom, if pixel value is 255, then by upper right, just go up, upper left, left front order judges this 4 pixel values; If upper right some pixel value is not 0, a then current pixel value is labeled as upper right some pixel value; If upper right some pixel value be 0, then judge successively just go up, upper left, left front pixel, and carry out same operation; If this pixel upper right, just go up, upper left, left front 4 pixel values are all 0, then this pixel value are changed to 2, run into this situation later on, only need add 1 with mark value and get final product; 4. merge the not connected region of isolabeling.

8, measuring method according to claim 5 is characterized in that: described step 5, small size cancellation are to remove in the image area less than the zone of given threshold value; Method is described: all connected regions of mark in the statistical picture when pixel number that connected region comprised during less than given threshold value, then are changed to background colour with the pixel grey scale in this connected region.

9, measuring method according to claim 6 is characterized in that: described distress in concrete Flame Image Process threshold value is 30.

10, measuring method according to claim 8 is characterized in that: described step 5, the given threshold value of small size cancellation is 40.

Images