CN101020244A - Ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling system and method with oppositely fed double cutter - Google Patents
Ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling system and method with oppositely fed double cutter Download PDFInfo
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- CN101020244A CN101020244A CN 200710067559 CN200710067559A CN101020244A CN 101020244 A CN101020244 A CN 101020244A CN 200710067559 CN200710067559 CN 200710067559 CN 200710067559 A CN200710067559 A CN 200710067559A CN 101020244 A CN101020244 A CN 101020244A
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Abstract
The present invention discloses one kind of ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling system and method. In the turning-milling process, the resultant motion of the rotation of the milling cutter, the rotation of the workpiece, the axial feeding of the milling cutter shaft, the radial feeding of the milling cutter and the ultrasonic torsional vibration of the milling cutter is adopted to complete the cutting of the workpiece. The ultrasonic torsional vibration of the milling cutter is generated with two sets of ultrasonic torsional vibration devices arranged radially along the workpiece. The present invention has the advantages of eliminating the bending deformation the radial force generates, eliminating the bending deformation caused by elongation of slender shaft, high machining precision, etc.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to method for turning, relate in particular to a kind of oppositely fed double cutter ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling system and method thereof.
Background technology
The variable cross-section elongate rod be meant maximum gauge less than 50mm, draw ratio be 12 ~ 100, the axial workpiece of changes of section, it has purposes widely in machine-building, national defense industry and field of acoustics.For example, graduating stem is the variable cross-section elongate rod in the fluid pressure type recoil brak, it with decide the diameter ring and cooperate, form the fluid hole that changes, recoil movement rule when guaranteeing artillery shooting.Therefore, graduating stem is the strength member of modern cannon product, and the cannon designer has proposed strict requirement to its dimensional accuracy, form accuracy and surface quality.In ultrasonic machining unit, be extensive use of the luffing bar and the complex horn of various ways such as index shape, stretched wire are linear, conical, stairstepping, gaussian-shape, Fourier's shape, they all are bar of variable cross-section, when multiplication factor is big, the less or lower-powered occasion of output diameter, just become genuine variable cross-section elongate rod.Resonant frequency, multiplication factor and job stability in order to guarantee the luffing bar reduce the acoustic energy loss, and the designer has proposed strict requirement equally to its dimensional accuracy, form accuracy and surface quality.
In decades, factory continues to use traditional " turning---filing---polishing " technology always the rotoforming face of variable cross-section elongate rod is carried out Precision Machining, that is: 1 ~ 3 centre frame is installed on copying lathe or numerically controlled lathe, at first carry out contour turning, stay the allowance of about 0.1mm, reach the average arithmetic deviation value of profile Ra3.2 μ m, and reserve chord position in centre frame supporting place, after the file filing, slightly throw---smart throwing---thinner the throwing reaches the dimensional accuracy and the Ra0.63 μ m of drawing regulation with emery cloth.In this technology, not only filing and polishing efficiency are very low, and labor strength is big, and crudy cannot say for sure card, and it is many to take equipment, and it is big to produce area, the processing cost height.Some factory numerically control grinder once on probation carries out profile copy grinding to the variable cross-section elongate rod, counts out because of abrasion of grinding wheel influences machining accuracy.Therefore, the Precision Machining of variable cross-section elongate rod is a ubiquitous technical barrier in machine-building, national defense industry and the field of acoustics always, directly has influence on the range of application of product quality, manufacturing technology level and complex-shaped variable cross-section elongate rod.
If with the ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling method be used for variable cross-section, the feeding of equal diameter slender axles outer round surface forward adds man-hour, following problems can occur:
1) the forward feeding makes slender axles be subjected to bias voltage vertically, is easy to generate the pressurized unstable phenomenon, causes machining accuracy to reduce, even process can't be carried out;
2) radial load makes slender axles produce flexural deformation;
When 3) cutting temperature raises, can make slender axles elongated.Clamp because the left side is a scroll chuck, the right side is top holding out against, and will cause slender axles further to produce flexural deformation.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of oppositely fed double cutter ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling system and method thereof.
The oppositely fed double cutter ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling system is to adopt two cover ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling devices in turning-milling system, radially arrange both sides along workpiece, the ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling device has supersonic generator, twisting vibration sandwich type piezoelectric transducer, torsional vibration horn, ring flange, facing cutter, cutter tooth, frame, the twisting vibration sandwich type piezoelectric transducer links to each other with torsional vibration horn, milling cutter, milling cutter has facing cutter, facing cutter is provided with cutter tooth, torsional vibration horn is provided with ring flange, and ring flange links to each other with frame.
Oppositely fed double cutter ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling method is in the turnning and milling process, utilize the resultant motion of milling cutter rotation, workpiece rotation, milling cutter axial feed, milling cutter radial feed, milling cutter ultrasonic torsional vibration to realize cutting to workpiece, the milling cutter ultrasonic torsional vibration is to adopt two cover ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling devices radially to arrange both sides along workpiece, two cover ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling device cutters are around himself axis, rotation in opposite direction, and along workpiece spindle to the distance that differs an amount of feeding S; Adopt feed reversing, be aided with centre with endlong movement and carry out ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling processing, wherein, supersonic generator converts alternating current to supersonic frequency electric oscillation signal, the twisting vibration sandwich type piezoelectric transducer is converted to the supersonic frequency twisting vibration with the electric oscillation signal of supersonic generator output, by passing to facing cutter and cutter tooth after the torsional vibration horn amplification, apply the supersonic frequency twisting vibration of frequency f=14.5～60kHz, amplitude a=8～50 μ m along the milling cutter circumferencial direction to cutter tooth, thereby finish the oppositely fed double cutter ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling.
Oppositely fed double cutter ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling method has following advantage:
1) double-pole processing makes the radial load in the process be able to balance, and theoretically, the flexural deformation that radial load is produced is eliminated fully;
2) feed reversing is aided with centre with endlong movement, has eliminated slender axles and has added the pressurized unstable phenomenon that produces man-hour and the cutting temperature flexural deformation problem that the slender axles elongation that brings causes that raises;
3) ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling is to be interrupted cutting, and the workpiece of therefore no matter processing which kind of material can both obtain short smear metal, is easy to automatic debris removal;
4) reduce the impulsive force that produces in the turnning and milling process significantly, improve machining accuracy;
5) smooth surface, the crudy height;
6) be interrupted cutting and make cutter that be arranged sufficient cool time, the turnning and milling temperature reduces significantly, has improved the life-span of cutter tooth;
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an oppositely fed double cutter ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling system structural representation;
Fig. 2 is a ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling apparatus structure schematic diagram;
Among the figure: the first cover ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling device 1, spring 2, top 3, workpiece 4, the second cover ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling device 5, scroll chuck 6, supersonic generator 7, twisting vibration sandwich type piezoelectric transducer 8, torsional vibration horn 9, ring flange 10, facing cutter 11, cutter tooth 12.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, 2, the oppositely fed double cutter ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling system is to adopt two cover ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling devices in turning-milling system, radially arrange both sides along workpiece, double-pole processing makes the radial load in the process be able to balance, and the flexural deformation that radial load is produced is eliminated fully; Feed reversing is aided with centre with endlong movement, has eliminated slender axles and has added the pressurized unstable phenomenon that produces man-hour and the cutting temperature flexural deformation problem that the slender axles elongation that brings causes that raises.
The ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling device has supersonic generator 7, twisting vibration sandwich type piezoelectric transducer 8, torsional vibration horn 9, ring flange 10, facing cutter 11, cutter tooth 12, frame, twisting vibration sandwich type piezoelectric transducer 8 links to each other with torsional vibration horn 9, milling cutter, milling cutter has facing cutter 11, facing cutter 11 is provided with cutter tooth 12, torsional vibration horn 9 is provided with ring flange 10, and ring flange 10 links to each other with frame.
Oppositely fed double cutter ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling method is in the turnning and milling process, utilize the resultant motion of milling cutter rotation, workpiece 4 rotations, milling cutter axial feed, milling cutter radial feed, milling cutter ultrasonic torsional vibration to realize cutting to workpiece, the milling cutter ultrasonic torsional vibration is to adopt two cover ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling devices radially to arrange both sides along workpiece, two cover ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling device cutters are around himself axis, rotation in opposite direction, and along workpiece spindle to the distance that differs an amount of feeding S; Adopt feed reversing, be aided with centre with endlong movement and carry out ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling processing, wherein, supersonic generator 7 converts alternating current to supersonic frequency electric oscillation signal, twisting vibration sandwich type piezoelectric transducer 8 is converted to the supersonic frequency twisting vibration with the electric oscillation signal of supersonic generator output, by passing to facing cutter 11 and cutter tooth 12 after torsional vibration horn 9 amplifications, apply the supersonic frequency twisting vibration of frequency f=14.5～60kHz, amplitude a=8～50 μ m along the milling cutter circumferencial direction to cutter tooth, thereby finish the oppositely fed double cutter ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling.
The operation principle of oppositely fed double cutter ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling method is: adopt two cover ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling devices radially to arrange both sides along workpiece, two cover ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling device cutters are around himself axis, rotation in opposite direction, and along workpiece spindle to the distance that differs an amount of feeding S; Adopt feed reversing, be aided with centre with endlong movement and carry out ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling processing.
Wherein, the ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling device is made of supersonic generator, twisting vibration sandwich type piezoelectric transducer, torsional vibration horn, facing cutter, cutter tooth and frame.Wherein, twisting vibration sandwich type piezoelectric transducer, torsional vibration horn, facing cutter and cutter tooth constitute the ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling sound system.
The operation principle of ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling device is: supersonic generator converts the alternating current of 220V, 50Hz to supersonic frequency electric oscillation signal, the twisting vibration sandwich type piezoelectric transducer is converted to the supersonic frequency twisting vibration with the electric oscillation signal of supersonic generator output, by passing to facing cutter and cutter tooth after the torsional vibration horn amplification, realize the supersonic frequency twisting vibration of cutter tooth f=14.5～60kHz, amplitude a=8～50 μ m.Supersonic frequency torsional vibration turning-milling sound system is installed on the frame by the ring flange at luffing bar node place, and cutting force, deadweight and inertia force are delivered on the lathe.
The processing of oppositely fed double cutter ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling comprises five basic exercises:
1) workpiece rotation;
2) milling cutter rotation; Must be noted that two milling cutter direction of rotation are opposite;
3) milling cutter axial feed;
4) milling cutter radial feed;
5) milling cutter ultrasonic torsional vibration is represented resonant frequency (Hz) with symbol f, represents cutter tooth amplitude (μ m) with symbol a.
The effect of supersonic generator is to convert alternating current to superaudible electric oscillation signal, and it mainly partly is made up of oscillator, voltage amplifier, power amplifier and output transformer etc.
The oppositely fed double cutter ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling adds man-hour, because sound system mass loading complexity, the power load is the impulse type load, and the sound system resonant frequency changes within the specific limits.Must develop supersonic generator, to solve in the resonant frequency of loading condition lower piezoelectric transducer, the difficult problem of impedance variations with automatic frequency tracking.
Supersonic generator develops to seriation, intelligentized direction.The exploitation of supersonic generator must be satisfied the requirement that frequency stabilization, impedance are easy to mate, volume is little, cost is low, power consumption is few.Make the supersonic generator frequency stabilization, can take two measures of quartz oscillator and automatic frequency tracking system.The frequency stability of quartz oscillator can reach 10
-8More than, but frequency-tuning range has only tens He Zhi, is difficult to satisfy tool wear and the load requirement to frequency range (hundreds of He Zhi), this problem values must be studied.The automatic frequency tracking system is the necessary condition of new type ultrasonic generator development.Make impedance be easy to coupling, to satisfy the unitized requirement of supersonic generator.Make that volume is little, cost is low, power consumption is few, must select advanced device and new line for use.
The effect of twisting vibration sandwich type piezoelectric transducer is that the electric oscillation signal that supersonic generator is exported is converted to the supersonic frequency twisting vibration, and it is one of critical component of ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling device.The twisting vibration sandwich type piezoelectric transducer is made up of piezoelectric ceramic piece, front-reflection cover, back reflection cover, screw bolt and nut.
The twisting vibration sandwich type piezoelectric transducer should have higher energy conversion efficiency, and the energy conversion efficiency of widely used PZT (piezoelectric transducer) can reach 88% at present, and this efficient is than higher.The ultrasonic device stream time was defined as 8 hours usually in the past, and along with science and technology development and the actual needs that use, the examination of ultrasonic device stream time has proposed the requirement more than 16 days.Reach such requirement,, must propose the requirement of high reliability efficient transducer except supersonic generator can satisfy reliability (improve circuit, components and parts are carried out the burn-in screen test) in addition.
(1) digital phase-locked loop CD4046 integrated circuit
Integrated phase lock is divided into two big classes, and promptly analog phase-locked look and digital phase-locked loop have very big-difference again according to different purposes on formation separately.Digital phase-locked loop CD4046 be widely used at present, cheap product, it can be used for modulation-demodulation technique, Frequency Stabilization Technique and automatic frequency tracking aspect.
The automatic frequency tracking circuit that digital phase-locked loop CD4046 integrated circuit is formed is gathered the voltage and current signal from vibrational system, behind zero-crossing comparator, obtain square wave, send into the phase discriminator of digital phase-locked loop CD4046, the voltage that is produced after the phase bit comparison is after loop filter removes high frequency composition and noise, the frequency of control voltage controlled oscillator is close in the resonant frequency under the new argument to the transducer vibrations system, is zero up to frequency difference.
(2) single chip microcomputer automatic frequency tracking system
This system adopts PWM modulation, semi-bridge inversion formula power supply.By to the electric current of input half-bridge with amplitude, measurement and the analysis of frequency under the load variations situation of transducer vibrations system, find that the electric current of input half-bridge inversion circuit, the good fortune of shaking of transducer vibrations system have the monotonic relationshi of-one correspondence with the frequency of supersonic generator.When transducer resonance, the amplitude maximum, the electric current of importing half-bridge inversion circuit this moment is also maximum.In other words, if can search the electric current of input half-bridge inversion circuit, also just found resonant frequency point.Single chip microcomputer automatic frequency tracking system adopts the frequency conversion way of search, make the electric current of input half-bridge inversion circuit always remain on maximum, thereby the system that guaranteed is always operating at resonant condition.
Single chip microcomputer automatic frequency tracking system partly is made up of LEM module-LA25-NP current sensor, chip 8031, LS373, voltage controlled oscillator, half-bridge drive circuit etc.
Software section has adopted the modularized program designing technique.According to functional requirement, software is divided into following module:
1) system's initial module;
2) signals collecting and comparison module;
3) frequency increments module;
4) the frequency module of successively decreasing.
At first be each modular design algorithm and flow process, program, after each modular debugging success, be associated in tracking together at last according to flow process.
The zero load of single chip microcomputer automatic frequency tracking system and bringing onto load test show, can follow the tracks of frequency reliably, have realized the target of automated system operation, and followed the tracks of accurately that it is little to fluctuate.Tracking time is less than 10ms.
This system is by detecting, the Frequency point when constantly the electric current of search input half-bridge inversion circuit is maximum, thus overcome the difficulty that the automatic frequency tracking system feedback degree of depth is wayward, circuit parameter is difficult to adjust of general employing feedback form.The step-length of this system's frequency conversion, the setting of delay parameter all can be adjusted by software, and be very convenient, embodied the function of hardware softening, so strong to the adaptability of various systems.This system all adopts advanced integrated circuit.Total digitalization work, thereby reliable operation, antijamming capability is strong, is easy to debugging.
Torsional vibration horn has following effects:
(1) cumulative action.
Be about to mechanical vibration displacement or velocity amplitude and amplify, perhaps concentration of energy is carried out cumulative on less radiating surface.The amplitude of twisting vibration sandwich type piezoelectric transducer is generally 4～10 μ m, and the requirement that ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling is processed amplitude is 8～50 μ m, and this just must amplify by means of the amplitude of torsional vibration horn with the twisting vibration sandwich type piezoelectric transducer.
(2) transmit to load effectively
As the converter of mechanical impedance, between twisting vibration sandwich type piezoelectric transducer and acoustic load, carry out impedance matching, ultrasonic energy is more effectively transmitted to load by the twisting vibration sandwich type piezoelectric transducer.
Torsional vibration horn comprises single shape luffing bar and complex horn.The monograph " Ultrasonic machining and application thereof " that concrete visible inventor publishes in nineteen ninety-five in National Defense Industry Press.
Claims (2)
1. oppositely fed double cutter ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling system, it is characterized in that in turning-milling system, adopting two cover ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling devices, radially arrange both sides along workpiece, the ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling device has supersonic generator (7), twisting vibration sandwich type piezoelectric transducer (8), torsional vibration horn (9), ring flange (10), facing cutter (11), cutter tooth (12), frame, twisting vibration sandwich type piezoelectric transducer (8) and torsional vibration horn (9), milling cutter links to each other, milling cutter has facing cutter (11), facing cutter (11) is provided with cutter tooth (12), torsional vibration horn (9) is provided with ring flange (10), and ring flange (10) links to each other with frame.
2. one kind is used the oppositely fed double cutter ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling method of system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in the turnning and milling process, utilize the milling cutter rotation, workpiece (4) rotation, the milling cutter axial feed, the milling cutter radial feed, the resultant motion of milling cutter ultrasonic torsional vibration realizes the cutting to workpiece, the milling cutter ultrasonic torsional vibration is to adopt two cover ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling devices radially to arrange both sides along workpiece, two cover ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling device cutters are around himself axis, in opposite direction the rotation, and along workpiece spindle to the distance that differs an amount of feeding S; Adopt feed reversing, be aided with centre with endlong movement and carry out ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling processing, wherein, supersonic generator (7) converts alternating current to supersonic frequency electric oscillation signal, twisting vibration sandwich type piezoelectric transducer (8) is converted to the supersonic frequency twisting vibration with the electric oscillation signal of supersonic generator output, by passing to facing cutter (11) and cutter tooth (12) after torsional vibration horn (9) amplification, apply frequency f=14.5～60kHz along the milling cutter circumferencial direction to cutter tooth, the supersonic frequency twisting vibration of amplitude a=8～50 μ m, thus the oppositely fed double cutter ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling finished.
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| CN101966596A (en) * | 2010-08-13 | 2011-02-09 | 北京航空航天大学 | High-length-to-diameter ratio variable-section slender shaft ultrasonic elliptical vibration turning machining method |
| CN102133664A (en) * | 2011-01-26 | 2011-07-27 | 河南理工大学 | Ultrasonic whirling equipment for machining high-precision spiral line |
| CN102966587A (en) * | 2011-08-29 | 2013-03-13 | 哈米尔顿森德斯特兰德公司 | Air cycle machine tie rod |
| CN103464814A (en) * | 2012-06-07 | 2013-12-25 | 常州阖闾换热器有限公司 | Method for processing waist shaped flanges |
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| CN104625172A (en) * | 2015-01-09 | 2015-05-20 | 天津大学 | Supersonic-vibration-assisted micro-milling system |
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| CN101966596A (en) * | 2010-08-13 | 2011-02-09 | 北京航空航天大学 | High-length-to-diameter ratio variable-section slender shaft ultrasonic elliptical vibration turning machining method |
| CN101966596B (en) * | 2010-08-13 | 2012-06-20 | 北京航空航天大学 | High-length-to-diameter ratio variable-section slender shaft ultrasonic elliptical vibration turning machining method |
| CN102133664A (en) * | 2011-01-26 | 2011-07-27 | 河南理工大学 | Ultrasonic whirling equipment for machining high-precision spiral line |
| CN102133664B (en) * | 2011-01-26 | 2012-11-28 | 河南理工大学 | Ultrasonic whirling equipment for machining high-precision spiral line |
| CN102966587B (en) * | 2011-08-29 | 2016-06-08 | 哈米尔顿森德斯特兰德公司 | Air cycle machine tie rod |
| CN102966587A (en) * | 2011-08-29 | 2013-03-13 | 哈米尔顿森德斯特兰德公司 | Air cycle machine tie rod |
| CN103464814A (en) * | 2012-06-07 | 2013-12-25 | 常州阖闾换热器有限公司 | Method for processing waist shaped flanges |
| WO2014191566A1 (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2014-12-04 | Sauer Ultrasonic Gmbh | Tool, machine tool and method for machining workpieces |
| RU2661136C2 (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2018-07-11 | ЗАУЕР УЛЬТРАСОНИК ГМБХ, Германия | Tool, machine tool and method for machining workpieces |
| CN104625172A (en) * | 2015-01-09 | 2015-05-20 | 天津大学 | Supersonic-vibration-assisted micro-milling system |
| CN104625172B (en) * | 2015-01-09 | 2016-09-28 | 天津大学 | Supersonic vibration assists micro-milling system |
| CN106141807A (en) * | 2015-04-08 | 2016-11-23 | 丸荣机械股份有限公司 | Control device in conjunction with numerical control machining tool Yu ultrasonic knife handle |
| CN106141807B (en) * | 2015-04-08 | 2018-01-30 | 丸荣机械股份有限公司 | With reference to Numerical Control machining tool and the control device of ultrasonic knife handle |
| CN106141852A (en) * | 2015-04-09 | 2016-11-23 | 西门子工厂自动化工程有限公司 | The control method of numerical control inclined shaft grinding machine and numerical control inclined shaft grinding machine |
| CN106141852B (en) * | 2015-04-09 | 2018-07-06 | 西门子工厂自动化工程有限公司 | The control method of numerical control inclined shaft grinding machine and numerical control inclined shaft grinding machine |
| CN111570873A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-08-25 | 菏泽学院 | Blade ultrasonic metal surface machining device |
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