CN101020245A - Ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling system and method - Google Patents
Ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101020245A CN101020245A CN 200710067560 CN200710067560A CN101020245A CN 101020245 A CN101020245 A CN 101020245A CN 200710067560 CN200710067560 CN 200710067560 CN 200710067560 A CN200710067560 A CN 200710067560A CN 101020245 A CN101020245 A CN 101020245A
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Abstract
The present invention discloses one kind of ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling system and method. In the turning-milling process, the resultant motion of the rotation of the milling cutter, the rotation of the workpiece, the axial feeding of the milling cutter shaft, the radial feeding of the milling cutter and the ultrasonic torsional vibration of the milling cutter is adopted to complete the cutting of the workpiece. The ultrasonic torsional vibration of the milling cutter is generated with ultrasonic torsional vibration devices arranged radially along the workpiece. The present invention has the advantages of easy elimination of scraps, high machining precision, etc.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to method for turning, relate in particular to a kind of ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling system and method thereof.
Background technology
The turnning and milling ratio juris is that milling cutter is replaced lathe tool, finishes the processing method of interrupted turning campaign.In the turnning and milling process, the resultant motion that utilizes milling cutter rotation and workpiece to rotate realizes the machining to workpiece, makes workpiece reach instructions for use at aspects such as form accuracy, positional precision, surface roughness and residual stress.
Turnning and milling processing comprises milling cutter rotation, workpiece rotation, milling cutter axial feed and four basic exercises of radial feed.It is main motion that milling cutter rotatablely moves.Cutting speed is determined jointly that by milling cutter rotary speed and workpiece rotary speed wherein the milling cutter rotary speed is the principal element of decision cutting speed, and particularly in high speed, the processing of ultrahigh speed turnning and milling, the workpiece rotary speed can be left in the basket to the influence of cutting speed.The cutting feed speed determine jointly by workpiece rotary speed, milling cutter axial feed velocity and three base speeds of radial feed speed, wherein the workpiece rotary speed to the influence of feed speed much larger than other two base speeds.The tangential linear velocity that the workpiece rotation produces is the circumferential feed speed of milling cutter, and its size equals the rotating speed of workpiece and the product of workpiece girth; Axial (or radially) feed speed of milling cutter then equal the rotating speed of workpiece and milling cutter when the workpiece revolution along the product of workpiece spindle to (or radially) displacement.The straight-line feed motion of milling cutter can be adopted axial feed (as the working shaft-like part) or radial feed (as the processing disk-like accessory) motion according to the needs of difference processing, also can adopt axial feed and radial feed (as the processing cone object) motion simultaneously.
Turnning and milling is not simple with car with mill two kinds of processing methods and merge on a machine tool, but utilizes the turnning and milling resultant motion to finish the processing on all kinds of surfaces.Different according to workpiece rotation and tool rotating shaft line relative position, turnning and milling processing can be divided into axial turn-milling, orthogonal turn-milling and general turnning and milling.Rotate the different of relative direction according to workpiece with cutter, they all can be divided into two kinds of different forms of climb cutting and upmilling again.Axial turn-milling is because the rotation of milling cutter and workpiece is parallel to each other, so it not only can the processing excircles surface, and can process bore area.But because their rotation is parallel to each other, during less than its main shaft casing radial dimension, just limited vertical stroke of milling cutter, be not suitable in this case with long outer round surface of axial turn-milling processing axial stroke or darker bore area as milling cutter diameter.In contrast, greater than its main shaft casing radial dimension, axial turn-milling also can carry out the turnning and milling processing of major axis cylindrical and deep hole inner surface as milling cutter diameter.Orthogonal turn-milling is because milling cutter is vertical mutually with the rotation of workpiece, it can not be processed endoporus, but because vertical stroke of milling cutter is unrestricted, and can adopt bigger length feed in processing excircles when surface, therefore efficient is higher when the processing excircles surface.
When using turnning and milling method processing high strength, high tenacity material, the smear metal natural separation does not need to use chip breaking device, and the smear metal volume is little, is convenient to smear metal and handles.
There is following shortcoming in the turnning and milling method:
1) in the turnning and milling process, impulsive force is big, is difficult for guaranteeing machining accuracy;
2) rough surface, crudy is low;
3) the turnning and milling temperature is higher.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention provides a kind of ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling system and method thereof.
Adopt the ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling device in the ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling system, it has supersonic generator, twisting vibration sandwich type piezoelectric transducer, torsional vibration horn, ring flange, facing cutter, cutter tooth, frame, the twisting vibration sandwich type piezoelectric transducer links to each other with torsional vibration horn, milling cutter, milling cutter has facing cutter, facing cutter is provided with cutter tooth, torsional vibration horn is provided with ring flange, and ring flange links to each other with frame.
The ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling method is in the turnning and milling process, utilize the milling cutter rotation, the workpiece rotation, the milling cutter axial feed, the milling cutter radial feed, the resultant motion of milling cutter ultrasonic torsional vibration realizes the cutting to workpiece, the milling cutter ultrasonic torsional vibration adopts the ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling device along the workpiece radial arrangement, ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling device cutter is around himself axis rotation, wherein, supersonic generator converts alternating current to supersonic frequency electric oscillation signal, the twisting vibration sandwich type piezoelectric transducer is converted to the supersonic frequency twisting vibration with the electric oscillation signal of supersonic generator output, by passing to facing cutter and cutter tooth after the torsional vibration horn amplification, apply frequency f=14.5～60kHz along the milling cutter circumferencial direction to cutter tooth, the supersonic frequency twisting vibration of amplitude a=8～50 μ m, thus ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling finished.
The beneficial effect that the present invention has:
1) ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling is to be interrupted cutting, and the workpiece of therefore no matter processing which kind of material can both obtain short smear metal, is easy to automatic debris removal;
2) reduce the impulsive force that produces in the turnning and milling process significantly, improve machining accuracy;
3) smooth surface, the crudy height;
4) be interrupted cutting and make cutter that be arranged sufficient cool time, the turnning and milling temperature reduces significantly, has improved the life-span of cutter tooth;
5) because cutting speed is synthetic jointly by the speed of gyration of workpiece and cutter, therefore need not make the Work piece high-speed rotation can realize high-speed cutting yet, help large-scale workpiece is carried out high-speed cutting;
6) workpiece rotational frequency is relatively low, does not almost have in the time of processing thin-walled because the distortion that centrifugal force produces;
7) use bigger axial feed also can obtain less surface roughness;
8) as adopting the CNC turning milling center, the workpiece of needing with car, mill, distinct methods such as brill, boring being processed can be finished in a clamping, need not change lathe, has shortened the production cycle greatly, has prevented the repeated clamping error;
9) ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling is a multiple cut, can enhance productivity significantly;
10) ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling belongs to multiple cut, and working angles is steady, and tool wear is little, and this processing to novel difficult-to-machine material and large revolving body blank is very useful.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is a ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling apparatus structure schematic diagram, among the figure, and supersonic generator 1, twisting vibration sandwich type piezoelectric transducer 2, torsional vibration horn 3, ring flange 4, facing cutter 5, cutter tooth 6, workpiece 7, scroll chuck 8.
The specific embodiment
As shown in drawings, ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling system is to adopt the ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling device in turning-milling system, it has supersonic generator 1, twisting vibration sandwich type piezoelectric transducer 2, torsional vibration horn 3, ring flange 4, facing cutter 5, cutter tooth 6, frame, twisting vibration sandwich type piezoelectric transducer 2 links to each other with torsional vibration horn 3, milling cutter, milling cutter has facing cutter 5, facing cutter is provided with cutter tooth 6, torsional vibration horn 3 is provided with ring flange 4, and ring flange 4 links to each other with frame.
The ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling method is in the turnning and milling process, utilize the milling cutter rotation, workpiece 7 rotations, the milling cutter axial feed, the milling cutter radial feed, the resultant motion of milling cutter ultrasonic torsional vibration realizes the cutting to workpiece, the milling cutter ultrasonic torsional vibration adopts the ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling device along the workpiece radial arrangement, ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling device cutter is around himself axis rotation, wherein, supersonic generator 1 converts alternating current to supersonic frequency electric oscillation signal, twisting vibration sandwich type piezoelectric transducer 2 is converted to the supersonic frequency twisting vibration with the electric oscillation signal of supersonic generator output, by passing to facing cutter 5 and cutter tooth 6 after torsional vibration horn 3 amplifications, apply frequency f=14.5～60kHz along the milling cutter circumferencial direction to cutter tooth, the supersonic frequency twisting vibration of amplitude a=8～50 μ m, thus ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling finished.
The operation principle of ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling device is: supersonic generator converts the alternating current of 220V, 50Hz to supersonic frequency electric oscillation signal, the twisting vibration sandwich type piezoelectric transducer is converted to the supersonic frequency twisting vibration with the electric oscillation signal of supersonic generator output, by passing to facing cutter and cutter tooth after the torsional vibration horn amplification, realize the supersonic frequency twisting vibration of cutter tooth f=14.5～60kHz, amplitude a=8～50 μ m.The supersonic frequency torsional vibration turning-milling system is installed on the frame by the ring flange at luffing bar node place, and cutting force, deadweight and inertia force are delivered on the lathe.
Supersonic frequency torsional vibration turning-milling device is installed on engine lathe or the numerically controlled lathe knife rest.Lathe spindle is provided with scroll chuck 8, and workpiece 7 positions and clamps by scroll chuck 8, rotates with rotation speed n 1 around self axis.The ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling cutterhead is provided with Z cutter tooth, not only rotates with rotation speed n 2 around facing cutter self axis, and carries out twisting vibration along the facing cutter circumferencial direction, and realize axial feed along the axis of workpiece 7 with feed speed S.
Ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling processing comprises five basic exercises:
1) workpiece rotation;
2) milling cutter rotation;
3) milling cutter axial feed;
4) milling cutter radial feed;
5) milling cutter ultrasonic torsional vibration is represented resonant frequency (Hz) with symbol f, represents cutter tooth amplitude (μ m) with symbol a.
The effect of supersonic generator is to convert alternating current to superaudible electric oscillation signal, and it mainly partly is made up of oscillator, voltage amplifier, power amplifier and output transformer etc.
Ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling adds man-hour, because sound system mass loading complexity, the power load is the impulse type load, and the sound system resonant frequency changes within the specific limits.Must develop supersonic generator, to solve in the resonant frequency of loading condition lower piezoelectric transducer, the difficult problem of impedance variations with automatic frequency tracking.
Supersonic generator develops to seriation, intelligentized direction.The exploitation of supersonic generator must be satisfied the requirement that frequency stabilization, impedance are easy to mate, volume is little, cost is low, power consumption is few.Make the supersonic generator frequency stabilization, can take two measures of quartz oscillator and automatic frequency tracking system.The frequency stability of quartz oscillator can reach 10
-8More than, but frequency-tuning range has only tens He Zhi, is difficult to satisfy tool wear and the load requirement to frequency range (hundreds of He Zhi), this problem values must be studied.The automatic frequency tracking system is the necessary condition of new type ultrasonic generator development.Make impedance be easy to coupling, to satisfy the unitized requirement of supersonic generator.Make that volume is little, cost is low, power consumption is few, must select advanced device and new line for use.
The effect of twisting vibration sandwich type piezoelectric transducer is that the electric oscillation signal that supersonic generator is exported is converted to the supersonic frequency twisting vibration, and it is one of critical component of ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling device.The twisting vibration sandwich type piezoelectric transducer is made up of piezoelectric ceramic piece, front-reflection cover, back reflection cover, screw bolt and nut.
The twisting vibration sandwich type piezoelectric transducer should have higher energy conversion efficiency, and the energy conversion efficiency of widely used PZT (piezoelectric transducer) can reach 88% at present, and this efficient is than higher.The ultrasonic device stream time was defined as 8 hours usually in the past, and along with science and technology development and the actual needs that use, the examination of ultrasonic device stream time has proposed the requirement more than 16 days.Reach such requirement,, must propose the requirement of high reliability efficient transducer except supersonic generator can satisfy reliability (improve circuit, components and parts are carried out the burn-in screen test) in addition.
(1) digital phase-locked loop CD4046 integrated circuit
Integrated phase lock is divided into two big classes, and promptly analog phase-locked look and digital phase-locked loop have very big-difference again according to different purposes on formation separately.Digital phase-locked loop CD4046 be widely used at present, cheap product, it can be used for modulation-demodulation technique, Frequency Stabilization Technique and automatic frequency tracking aspect.
The automatic frequency tracking circuit that digital phase-locked loop CD4046 integrated circuit is formed is gathered the voltage and current signal from vibrational system, behind zero-crossing comparator, obtain square wave, send into the phase discriminator of digital phase-locked loop CD4046, the voltage that is produced after the phase bit comparison is after loop filter removes high frequency composition and noise, the frequency of control voltage controlled oscillator is close in the resonant frequency under the new argument to the transducer vibrations system, is zero up to frequency difference.
(2) single chip microcomputer automatic frequency tracking system
This system adopts PWM modulation, semi-bridge inversion formula power supply.By to the electric current of input half-bridge with amplitude, measurement and the analysis of frequency under the load variations situation of transducer vibrations system, find that the electric current of input half-bridge inversion circuit, the good fortune of shaking of transducer vibrations system have the monotonic relationshi of-one correspondence with the frequency of supersonic generator.When transducer resonance, the amplitude maximum, the electric current of importing half-bridge inversion circuit this moment is also maximum.In other words, if can search the electric current of input half-bridge inversion circuit, also just found resonant frequency point.Single chip microcomputer automatic frequency tracking system adopts the frequency conversion way of search, make the electric current of input half-bridge inversion circuit always remain on maximum, thereby the system that guaranteed is always operating at resonant condition.
Single chip microcomputer automatic frequency tracking system partly is made up of LEM module-LA25-NP current sensor, chip 8031, LS373, voltage controlled oscillator, half-bridge drive circuit etc.
Software section has adopted the modularized program designing technique.According to functional requirement, software is divided into following module:
1) system's initial module;
2) signals collecting and comparison module;
3) frequency increments module;
4) the frequency module of successively decreasing.
At first be each modular design algorithm and flow process, program, after each modular debugging success, be associated in tracking together at last according to flow process.
The zero load of single chip microcomputer automatic frequency tracking system and bringing onto load test show, can follow the tracks of frequency reliably, have realized the target of automated system operation, and followed the tracks of accurately that it is little to fluctuate.Tracking time is less than 10ms.
This system is by detecting, the Frequency point when constantly the electric current of search input half-bridge inversion circuit is maximum, thus overcome the difficulty that the automatic frequency tracking system feedback degree of depth is wayward, circuit parameter is difficult to adjust of general employing feedback form.The step-length of this system's frequency conversion, the setting of delay parameter all can be adjusted by software, and be very convenient, embodied the function of hardware softening, so strong to the adaptability of various systems.This system all adopts advanced integrated circuit.Total digitalization work, thereby reliable operation, antijamming capability is strong, is easy to debugging.
Torsional vibration horn has following effects:
(1) cumulative action.
Be about to mechanical vibration displacement or velocity amplitude and amplify, perhaps concentration of energy is carried out cumulative on less radiating surface.The amplitude of twisting vibration sandwich type piezoelectric transducer is generally 4～10 μ m, and the requirement that ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling is processed amplitude is 8～50 μ m, and this just must amplify by means of the amplitude of torsional vibration horn with the twisting vibration sandwich type piezoelectric transducer.
(2) transmit to load effectively
As the converter of mechanical impedance, between twisting vibration sandwich type piezoelectric transducer and acoustic load, carry out impedance matching, ultrasonic energy is more effectively transmitted to load by the twisting vibration sandwich type piezoelectric transducer.
Torsional vibration horn comprises single shape luffing bar and complex horn.The monograph " Ultrasonic machining and application thereof " that concrete visible inventor publishes in nineteen ninety-five in National Defense Industry Press.
Claims (2)
1. ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling system, it is characterized in that in turning-milling system, adopting the ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling device, it has supersonic generator (1), twisting vibration sandwich type piezoelectric transducer (2), torsional vibration horn (3), ring flange (4), facing cutter (5), cutter tooth (6), frame, twisting vibration sandwich type piezoelectric transducer (2) and torsional vibration horn (3), milling cutter links to each other, milling cutter has facing cutter (5), facing cutter (5) is provided with cutter tooth (6), torsional vibration horn (3) is provided with ring flange (4), and ring flange (4) links to each other with frame.
2. one kind is used the ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling method of system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in the turnning and milling process, utilize the milling cutter rotation, workpiece (7) rotation, the milling cutter axial feed, the milling cutter radial feed, the resultant motion of milling cutter ultrasonic torsional vibration realizes the cutting to workpiece, the milling cutter ultrasonic torsional vibration adopts the ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling device along the workpiece radial arrangement, ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling device cutter is around himself axis rotation, wherein, supersonic generator (1) converts alternating current to supersonic frequency electric oscillation signal, twisting vibration sandwich type piezoelectric transducer (2) is converted to the supersonic frequency twisting vibration with the electric oscillation signal of supersonic generator output, by passing to facing cutter (5) and cutter tooth (6) after torsional vibration horn (3) amplification, apply frequency f=14.5～60kHz along the milling cutter circumferencial direction to cutter tooth, the supersonic frequency twisting vibration of amplitude a=8～50 μ m, thus ultrasonic torsional vibration turning-milling finished.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103135622A (en) * | 2013-01-21 | 2013-06-05 | 北京理工大学 | Local residual stress ultrasonic testing and closed-loop control device |
| CN104493276A (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2015-04-08 | 杭州成功超声设备有限公司 | Ultrasonic milling device and control process |
| CN106994528A (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2017-08-01 | 西门子公司 | Milling attachment and the method for performing Milling Process inside groove |
| CN112916911A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-06-08 | 安徽天航机电有限公司 | Ultrasonic auxiliary processing device and simulation analysis method |
| CN113199070A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-08-03 | 天津工业大学 | Multi-degree-of-freedom ultrasonic vibration auxiliary turnover type milling device |
| CN113210761A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-06 | 湖南工学院 | Efficient machining device for internal threads of deep-sea ore-raising pipe joint and using method of efficient machining device |
| CN113319381A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-31 | 湖南工学院 | Device for precisely machining special connection external thread of deep-sea ore-raising pipe and using method thereof |
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2007
- 2007-03-15 CN CN 200710067560 patent/CN101020245A/en active Pending
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103135622A (en) * | 2013-01-21 | 2013-06-05 | 北京理工大学 | Local residual stress ultrasonic testing and closed-loop control device |
| CN104493276A (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2015-04-08 | 杭州成功超声设备有限公司 | Ultrasonic milling device and control process |
| CN104493276B (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2016-02-24 | 杭州成功超声设备有限公司 | A kind of Ultrasonic Milling device and Controlling Technology |
| CN106994528A (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2017-08-01 | 西门子公司 | Milling attachment and the method for performing Milling Process inside groove |
| CN106994528B (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2019-05-14 | 西门子公司 | Milling attachment and for inside slot execute Milling Process method |
| CN112916911A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-06-08 | 安徽天航机电有限公司 | Ultrasonic auxiliary processing device and simulation analysis method |
| CN113199070A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-08-03 | 天津工业大学 | Multi-degree-of-freedom ultrasonic vibration auxiliary turnover type milling device |
| CN113210761A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-06 | 湖南工学院 | Efficient machining device for internal threads of deep-sea ore-raising pipe joint and using method of efficient machining device |
| CN113319381A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-31 | 湖南工学院 | Device for precisely machining special connection external thread of deep-sea ore-raising pipe and using method thereof |
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