CN104493276B - A kind of Ultrasonic Milling device and Controlling Technology - Google Patents
A kind of Ultrasonic Milling device and Controlling Technology Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104493276B CN104493276B CN201410752599.4A CN201410752599A CN104493276B CN 104493276 B CN104493276 B CN 104493276B CN 201410752599 A CN201410752599 A CN 201410752599A CN 104493276 B CN104493276 B CN 104493276B
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- Prior art keywords
- ring
- ultrasonic transducer
- cutter hub
- ultrasonic
- positive pole
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C3/00—Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C2270/00—Details of milling machines, milling processes or milling tools not otherwise provided for
- B23C2270/02—Use of a particular power source
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C2270/00—Details of milling machines, milling processes or milling tools not otherwise provided for
- B23C2270/10—Use of ultrasound
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Ultrasonic Milling device and Controlling Technology, relate to Ultrasonic Milling technical field, comprise cutter hub, ultrasonic transducer and cutter, wherein, ultrasonic transducer is be connected to the cylindrical structure of deriving cable, the diameter of its upper semisection is greater than the diameter of lower semisection, and middle part is with truncated cone transition, and truncated cone upper end is one-body molded the first ring flange; Cutter hub lower surface is provided with the screwed hole suitable with the first ring flange; Cutter is fixedly assemblied in the lower end of described ultrasonic transducer with one heart; Cutter hub lower end is provided with the installation cavity suitable with ultrasonic transducer, the inwall of cavity is installed contact with the outer wall of ultrasonic transducer, cutter hub lower end outer wall is equipped with bearing arrangement and electric supply installation from top to bottom successively, cutter hub is provided with cable leadout hole in assembling electric supply installation place, and ultrasonic transducer is fixedly assembled together with cutter hub is concentric.The present invention can improve the industrial applicibility of Ultrasonic Milling technology greatly when milling hard material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Ultrasonic Milling technology, is Ultrasonic Milling device and Controlling Technology that a kind of industrial applicibility is high specifically.
Background technology
Milling is current conventional a kind of materials processing technology, and it refers to the multiple-cutting-edge tool cutting workpiece using and rotate, and is a kind of high efficiency material processing method, and during milling, cutter rotates (primary movement), workpiece movable (doing feed motion); Certain workpiece also can be fixed, but the cutter now rotated also must move (completing main motion and feed motion) simultaneously.The lathe of milling has horizontal milling machine or vertical knee-type milling machine, also has large-scale planer-type milling machine, and these lathes can be machine tools, also can be Digit Control Machine Tool.With the milling cutter rotated as the machining of cutter, be suitable for the special form face etc. of processing plane, groove, various forming face (as spline, gear and screw thread) and mould.
Along with the development of high-speed main spindle technology and ultrasonic power technology, integrate the ultrasonic milling of ultrasonic wave dither and main shaft High Rotation Speed, be regarded as pioneer of technology that is high-precision, highly-efficient processing, can be applicable to the retrofit of various daily rapidoprint, difficult-to-machine material material and crisp hard material.
Ultrasonic amplitude transformer is an important part in ultrasonic vibration system, its Main Function in vibrational system is that the particle displacement of mechanical oscillation or speed are amplified, and ultrasonic energy to be concentrated on less area i.e. cumulative, therefore also claim ultrasonic gear lever or supersonic concentrator.But, on the other hand, ultrasonic transformer is increased in Ultrasonic Milling, but can industrial applicibility be reduced, first ultrasonic transformer will do multiple extension design according to Ultrasonic characteristics, so the volume of milling attachment High Rotation Speed part strengthens (especially length), is not easy to install, is also unfavorable for its High Rotation Speed; Moreover the existence of ultrasonic transformer can make overall rigidity greatly weaken, poor stability; In addition, with the transducer of twisting vibration or beam mode, its power is obviously less.
In addition, the connection of ultrasonic transducer of the prior art and cutter hub is also stable not, and it causes the industrial applicibility of Ultrasonic Milling technology lower equally.
In sum, in existing Ultrasonic Milling technology, Ultrasonic Milling technology Problems existing is that plant capacity is little, and carrying load ability is weak, poor stability, is a kind of Lab Products at most, can not actually use.So, the problems referred to above how are accomplished to overcome and the industrial applicibility finally significantly increasing Ultrasonic Milling technology becomes particularly important.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is just to provide a kind of Ultrasonic Milling device and Controlling Technology to solve the problem, and it can make, and the power of whole equipment is large, carrying load ability strong, and stability is strong, and makes it have higher industrial applicibility.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions above-mentioned purpose:
A kind of Ultrasonic Milling device of the present invention, comprise cutter hub, ultrasonic transducer and cutter, wherein, described ultrasonic transducer is be connected to the cylindrical structure of deriving cable, and the diameter of its upper semisection is greater than the diameter of lower semisection, and middle part is with truncated cone transition, truncated cone upper end is one-body molded the first ring flange, here, the installation site of the first ring flange, the just node location of ultrasonic transducer; Described cutter hub lower surface is provided with the screwed hole suitable with described first ring flange; Described cutter is fixedly assemblied in the lower end of described ultrasonic transducer with one heart; Described cutter hub comprises end disposed thereon and the cone, the second ring flange and the pull bar installation cavity that coordinate with machine tool chief axis, described cutter hub lower end is also provided with the installation cavity suitable with described ultrasonic transducer, the inwall of described installation cavity contacts with the outer wall of described ultrasonic transducer, described cutter hub lower end outer wall is equipped with bearing arrangement and electric supply installation from top to bottom successively, described cutter hub is provided with cable leadout hole in assembling electric supply installation place, and described ultrasonic transducer is fixedly assembled together with described cutter hub is concentric.
Further, described ultrasonic transducer is PZT (piezoelectric transducer), and its upper semisection is provided with back shroud and piezoelectric ceramics, the lower semisection of described ultrasonic transducer is provided with cutter holding portion.
Further, described cutter holding portion is the cylinder upwards offering the perforate that aperture reduces gradually from its lower surface, described ultrasonic transducer is by ER collet and ER fastening cap and described tool assembly, and the size of described perforate and described ER collet is suitable.
Further, described electric supply installation is the concentric fixing annular carbon brush electric supply installation assembled with described cutter hub, it comprises and is enclosed in outer field positive pole protective sleeve, negative pole screening glass, in described positive pole protective sleeve from top to bottom, compress layer by layer and be provided with negative pole polar ring, first electrode isolation ring, positive pole polar ring and the second electrode isolation ring, described first electrode isolation ring and the second electrode isolation ring and described cutter hub is fixing assembles, described positive pole polar ring is electrically connected with described ultrasonic transducer by described derivation cable, described negative pole polar ring and described bearing arrangement end ring contact, described negative pole polar ring, first electrode isolation ring, positive pole polar ring and be also provided with dead ring between the second electrode isolation ring and described positive pole protective sleeve, described dead ring is fixedly assemblied between described positive pole protective sleeve and described negative pole screening glass, described dead ring arranged outside has positive conductive ring and the negative conductive ring of mutual insulating, described dead ring is fixedly installed four carbon brush, the front end of described carbon brush respectively with described positive pole polar ring and described negative pole polar ring frictional connection, tail end correspondence is connected with negative conductive ring with described positive conductive ring, described positive conductive ring and negative conductive ring are electrically connected with the air plug be arranged on described positive pole protective sleeve respectively, described positive pole protective sleeve, negative pole screening glass and dead ring coordinate with described negative pole polar ring, the first electrode isolation ring, positive pole polar ring and the second electrode isolation czermak space, the bearing sleeve of described negative pole screening glass, dead ring and described bearing arrangement is fixing to be assembled, and is provided with the locking nut contacted with its lower surface, described cutter hub is provided with the external screw thread suitable with described locking nut below described second electrode isolation ring.
Further, described bearing arrangement is made up of the high-speed bearing of bearing sleeve, end ring and two equivalent specifications, concentric fits.
Further, it also comprises cover plate, and described cover plate is fixedly mounted on described positive pole protective sleeve, and its center is provided with the through hole suitable with described ultrasonic transducer.
Further, described dead ring, described first electrode isolation ring and described second electrode isolation ring are non-metal insulating material.
A kind of Ultrasonic Milling Controlling Technology, comprise following processing step: load onto the cutter hub of Ultrasonic Milling → load onto cutter → open ultrasonic wave controller power supply → controller automatically to search frequently → confirm ultrasonic frequency → setting ultrasonic power → startup ultrasonic wave → startup milling machine, it is characterized in that:
1. before Ultrasonic Milling device loads onto cutter and after loading onto cutter, the operating frequency section required for this device is obtained by finite element analysis software before producing;
2. self adaptation numerical control supersonic power supply selected by generator;
3. ultrasonic wave output amplitude uses current feedback and Voltage Feedback to control;
4. ultrasonic output frequency uses the numerical frequency of closed loop to control from motion tracking.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the change of the sectional dimension of the transducer body of Ultrasonic Milling device of the present invention and taper structure, has the effect well increasing amplitude, and rigidity is strong, takies volume little; The assembling mode of its cutter hub and transducer uniqueness, in conjunction with the operating characteristic of transducer, the node position choosing transducer is fixed, and hyperacoustic energy loss can be made to drop to minimum, improve operating efficiency; Adopt the longitudinal transducer of bolt-tightened type, carrying load ability is strong, and power is large, and build is small and exquisite, is easy to care and maintenance; Cutter holding portion in the present invention is the cylinder upwards offering the perforate that aperture reduces gradually from its lower surface, namely ultrasonic transducer introduces the conical surface that can coordinate with standard ER chuck, make ultrasonic energy can pass to adaptive cutter well, this design has broken the plane fit system between traditional transducers and mould, can being played at cutter front end by hyperacoustic energy compared with limits; Circular carbon brush device in the present invention is powered effective, and reliability is high; Ultrasonic Milling Controlling Technology of the present invention, by finite element analysis, to transducer with load onto the transducer analysis after cutter and obtain frequency band required for machining, integrates theory with practice and improves the degree of accuracy.Self adaptation numerical control supersonic power supply selected by generator, just can follow the tracks of very wide frequency range without the need to tuning; Use current feedback and Voltage Feedback, control ultrasonic wave and export the constant of amplitude, under various operating mode, can both uniform amplitude be obtained; Under no-load condition, generator is not fragile, particularly when heavy load or load change, can ensure that cutting effect does not decline; Use the numeral of closed loop from motion tracking, control ultrasonic output frequency and stablize, be combined with permanent amplitude system, the stable of cutting effect can be ensured.These advantages finally impel industrial applicibility of the present invention greatly to improve.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is broken section structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is overall structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the broken section structural representation of ultrasonic transducer of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the plan structure schematic diagram of Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the sectional structure schematic diagram of cutter hub of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the sectional structure schematic diagram of electric supply installation of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the floor map of electric supply installation of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the sectional structure schematic diagram of bearing arrangement of the present invention.
Label declaration in schematic diagram:
1, cutter hub; 11, cone; 12, pull bar installation cavity; 13, the second ring flange; 14, cavity is installed; 15, cable leadout hole; 16, external screw thread; 17, screwed hole; 2, bearing arrangement; 21, bearing sleeve; 22, high-speed bearing; 23, end ring; 3, electric supply installation; 31, positive pole protective sleeve; 32, negative pole screening glass; 33, dead ring; 34, negative pole polar ring; 35, the first electrode isolation ring; 36, positive pole polar ring; 37, the second electrode isolation ring; 38, positive conductive ring; 39, negative conductive ring; 310, catch; 311, carbon brush; 312, air plug; 4, ultrasonic transducer; 41, transducer body; 42, back shroud; 43, cable is derived; 44, piezoelectric ceramics; 45, the first ring flange; 451, ring flange screwed hole; 46, the truncated cone; 47, cutter holding portion; 471, perforate; 5, ER fastening cap; 6, ER collet; 7, cutter; 8, cover plate; 9, locking nut.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described:
As shown in Fig. 1 ~ 8, a kind of Ultrasonic Milling device of the present invention, comprise cutter hub 1, ultrasonic transducer 4 and cutter 7, wherein, the transducer body 41 of ultrasonic transducer 4 is for being connected to the cylindrical structure of deriving cable 43, the diameter of upper semisection is greater than the diameter of lower semisection, middle part is with the truncated cone 46 transition, and the truncated cone 46 upper end is one-body molded the first ring flange 45, here, the installation site of the first ring flange 45, the just node location of ultrasonic transducer 4.Herein, ultrasonic transducer 4 can be PZT (piezoelectric transducer), its upper semisection is provided with back shroud 42 and piezoelectric ceramics 44, the lower semisection of ultrasonic transducer 4 is provided with cutter holding portion 47, cutter holding portion 47 is the cylinder upwards offering the perforate 471 that aperture reduces gradually from its lower surface, ultrasonic transducer 4 is assembled with described cutter 7 by ER collet 6 and ER fastening cap 5, and perforate 471 is suitable with the size of ER collet 6.
Cutter hub 1 lower surface is provided with the screwed hole 17 suitable with the first ring flange 45, in order to be connected with the ring flange screwed hole 451 on the first ring flange 45; Cutter 7 is fixedly assemblied in the lower end of described ultrasonic transducer 4 with one heart; Cutter hub 1 comprises end disposed thereon and cone 11, second ring flange 13 coordinated with machine tool chief axis and pull bar installation cavity 12, cutter hub 1 lower end is also provided with the installation cavity 14 suitable with described ultrasonic transducer 4, the inwall installing cavity 14 contacts with the outer wall of ultrasonic transducer 4, cutter hub 1 lower end outer wall is equipped with bearing arrangement 2 and electric supply installation 3 from top to bottom successively, cutter hub 1 is provided with cable leadout hole 15 in assembling electric supply installation 3 place, and ultrasonic transducer 4 is fixedly assembled together with described cutter hub 1 is concentric.
Above-mentioned electric supply installation 3 can be the concentric fixing annular carbon brush electric supply installation 3 assembled with cutter hub 1, it comprises and is enclosed in outer field positive pole protective sleeve 31, negative pole screening glass 32, in positive pole protective sleeve 31 from top to bottom, compress layer by layer and be provided with negative pole polar ring 34, first electrode isolation ring 35, positive pole polar ring 36 and the second electrode isolation ring 37, first electrode isolation ring 35 and the second electrode isolation ring 37 assemble with cutter hub 1 is fixing, positive pole polar ring 36 is electrically connected with ultrasonic transducer 4 by deriving cable 43, negative pole polar ring 34 and bearing arrangement 2 end ring 23 contact, negative pole polar ring 34, first electrode isolation ring 35, positive pole polar ring 36 and be also provided with dead ring 33 between the second electrode isolation ring 37 and positive pole protective sleeve 31, dead ring 33 is fixedly assemblied between positive pole protective sleeve 31 and described negative pole screening glass 32, dead ring 33 arranged outside has positive conductive ring 38 and the negative conductive ring 39 of mutual insulating, dead ring 33 is fixedly installed four carbon brush 311, the front end of carbon brush 311 respectively with positive pole polar ring 36 and negative pole polar ring 34 frictional connection, tail end correspondence is connected with negative conductive ring 39 with positive conductive ring 38, positive conductive ring 38 and negative conductive ring 39 are electrically connected with the air plug 312 be arranged on positive pole protective sleeve 31 respectively, positive pole protective sleeve 31, negative pole screening glass 32 and dead ring 33 and described negative pole polar ring 34, first electrode isolation ring 35, positive pole polar ring 36 and the second electrode isolation ring 37 matched in clearance, negative pole screening glass 32, dead ring 33 assemble with the bearing sleeve 21 of bearing arrangement 2 is fixing, be provided with the locking nut 9 contacted with its lower surface, cutter hub 1 be provided with the external screw thread 16 suitable with locking nut 9 below the second electrode isolation ring 37.Dead ring 33, described first electrode isolation ring 35 and described second electrode isolation ring 37 are non-metal insulating material.
What two electrode isolation interannulars pressed from both sides is positive pole polar ring 36, only have on positive pole polar ring 36 and be just connected with the derivation cable 43 of ultrasonic transducer 4, and negative pole ring directly contacts with end ring 23, end ring 23 is directly stuck on cutter hub 1, and ultrasonic transducer 4 and cutter hub 1 are that rigidity directly coordinates, so the negative pole of ultrasonic transducer 4 is without the need to drawing wire again on negative pole polar ring 34.
Above-mentioned two polar rings must possess excellent electric conductivity and wearability, and are metal ring structure.And the conducting ring mentioned can be have the bonding jumper of excellent conductive performance to be fixed on dead ring 33, can also be that the plain conductor possessing same performance is connected between carbon brush 311 and air plug 312.Two conducting rings play the effect of transmission of electric signals, and space hold is little, are convenient to again fix.Fix with conduction screw between carbon brush 311 and conducting ring.Dead ring 33 has the chute slided for carbon brush 311, in carbon brush 311, the effect of spring ensures that the conducting block of carbon brush 311 contacts closely with between polar ring the moment, and can accomplish supply timely after conducting block wearing and tearing.Dead ring 33 is necessary for non-metallic material, and effectively can isolate the polarity interference between both positive and negative polarity.In carbon brush 311 device, dead ring 33 is main supporters, and it allows external electric signal stablize to be input to the structure of polar ring.
Due to the architectural characteristic of carbon brush 311, make there is protuberance phenomenon when spring compression, catch 310 just can be adopted on one side fixing, make spring still remain parallel to the impaction state in chute direction.Catch 310 can be the fixing of small pieces, can also be that whole ring segment is positioned on dead ring 33, whole carbon brush 311 structure be fixed by screw.
Positive pole protective sleeve 31 and negative pole screening glass 32 are necessary for non-metallic material, and it mainly plays protective action, are unlikely to get an electric shock when taking; Also play dustproof effect, under being unlikely to be in the bad working environments such as dust, carbon brush electric supply installation pollutes by it.
Above-mentioned bearing arrangement 2 is made up of the high-speed bearing 22 of bearing sleeve 21, end ring 23 and two equivalent specifications, concentric fits.
In addition, also comprise cover plate 8 in whole device, it is fixedly mounted on described positive pole protective sleeve 31, and its center is provided with the through hole suitable with described ultrasonic transducer 4, and cover plate 8 covers ultrasonic transducer 4 and the connecting portion of cutter hub 1, can be used for dust-proof.
In addition, a kind of Ultrasonic Milling Controlling Technology of the present invention, comprise following processing step: load onto the cutter hub 1 of Ultrasonic Milling → load onto cutter 7 → open ultrasonic wave controller power supply → controller automatically to search frequently → confirm ultrasonic frequency → setting ultrasonic power → startup ultrasonic wave → startup milling machine, it is characterized in that:
1. before Ultrasonic Milling device loads onto cutter 7 and after loading onto cutter 7, the operating frequency section required for this device is obtained by finite element analysis software before producing;
2. self adaptation numerical control supersonic power supply selected by generator;
3. ultrasonic wave output amplitude uses current feedback and Voltage Feedback to control;
4. ultrasonic output frequency uses the numerical frequency of closed loop to control from motion tracking.
After adopting present embodiment, compared with prior art, it has very high industrial applicibility, can not arrest in only using in the lab, and its carrying load ability is strong, and power is large, and build is small and exquisite, is easy to care and maintenance, and its advantage had also can be listed as follows:
Above-described embodiment is preferred embodiment of the present invention; it is not the restriction to technical solution of the present invention; as long as without the technical scheme that creative work can realize on the basis of above-described embodiment, all should be considered as falling within the scope of the rights protection of patent of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a Ultrasonic Milling device, comprise cutter hub, ultrasonic transducer and cutter, it is characterized in that: described ultrasonic transducer is be connected to the cylindrical structure of deriving cable, the diameter of its upper semisection is greater than the diameter of lower semisection, middle part is with truncated cone transition, and truncated cone upper end is one-body molded the first ring flange; Described cutter hub lower surface is provided with the screwed hole suitable with described first ring flange; Described cutter is fixedly assemblied in the lower end of described ultrasonic transducer with one heart; Described cutter hub comprises end disposed thereon and the cone, the second ring flange and the pull bar installation cavity that coordinate with machine tool chief axis, described cutter hub lower end is also provided with the installation cavity suitable with described ultrasonic transducer, the inwall of described installation cavity contacts with the outer wall of described ultrasonic transducer, described cutter hub lower end outer wall is equipped with bearing arrangement and electric supply installation from top to bottom successively, described cutter hub is provided with cable leadout hole in assembling electric supply installation place, and described ultrasonic transducer is fixedly assembled together with described cutter hub is concentric;
Described ultrasonic transducer is PZT (piezoelectric transducer), and its upper semisection is provided with back shroud and piezoelectric ceramics, the lower semisection of described ultrasonic transducer is provided with cutter holding portion;
Described cutter holding portion is the cylinder upwards offering the perforate that aperture reduces gradually from its lower surface, and described ultrasonic transducer is by ER collet and ER fastening cap and described tool assembly, and the size of described perforate and described ER collet is suitable;
Described electric supply installation is the concentric fixing annular carbon brush electric supply installation assembled with described cutter hub, it comprises and is enclosed in outer field positive pole protective sleeve, negative pole screening glass, in described positive pole protective sleeve from top to bottom, compress layer by layer and be provided with negative pole polar ring, first electrode isolation ring, positive pole polar ring and the second electrode isolation ring, described first electrode isolation ring and the second electrode isolation ring and described cutter hub is fixing assembles, described positive pole polar ring is electrically connected with described ultrasonic transducer by described derivation cable, described negative pole polar ring and described bearing arrangement end ring contact, described negative pole polar ring, first electrode isolation ring, positive pole polar ring and be also provided with dead ring between the second electrode isolation ring and described positive pole protective sleeve, described dead ring is fixedly assemblied between described positive pole protective sleeve and described negative pole screening glass, described dead ring arranged outside has positive conductive ring and the negative conductive ring of mutual insulating, described dead ring is fixedly installed four carbon brush, the front end of described carbon brush respectively with described positive pole polar ring and described negative pole polar ring frictional connection, tail end correspondence is connected with negative conductive ring with described positive conductive ring, described positive conductive ring and negative conductive ring are electrically connected with the air plug be arranged on described positive pole protective sleeve respectively, described positive pole protective sleeve, negative pole screening glass and dead ring coordinate with described negative pole polar ring, the first electrode isolation ring, positive pole polar ring and the second electrode isolation czermak space, the bearing sleeve of described negative pole screening glass, dead ring and described bearing arrangement is fixing to be assembled, and is provided with the locking nut contacted with its lower surface, described cutter hub is provided with the external screw thread suitable with described locking nut below described second electrode isolation ring.
2. a kind of Ultrasonic Milling device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described bearing arrangement is made up of the high-speed bearing of bearing sleeve, end ring and two equivalent specifications, concentric fits.
3. a kind of Ultrasonic Milling device according to claim 2, is characterized in that: it also comprises cover plate, and described cover plate is fixedly mounted on described positive pole protective sleeve, and its center is provided with the through hole suitable with described ultrasonic transducer.
4. a kind of Ultrasonic Milling device according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described dead ring, described first electrode isolation ring and described second electrode isolation ring are non-metal insulating material.
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CN113634802B (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-01-25 | 成都飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司 | High-speed ultrasonic milling cutter and machining method thereof |
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