CN101249620A - A Rotating Ultrasonic Spindle with Combined Positioning of Straight Thread and Taper - Google Patents

A Rotating Ultrasonic Spindle with Combined Positioning of Straight Thread and Taper Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101249620A
CN101249620A CNA2008100272053A CN200810027205A CN101249620A CN 101249620 A CN101249620 A CN 101249620A CN A2008100272053 A CNA2008100272053 A CN A2008100272053A CN 200810027205 A CN200810027205 A CN 200810027205A CN 101249620 A CN101249620 A CN 101249620A
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straight thread
tapering
rotating ultrasonic
ultrasonic
tool heads
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唐勇军
张永俊
郭钟宁
刘晓宁
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Guangdong University of Technology
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Guangdong University of Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开一种直螺纹与锥度复合定位的旋转超声主轴,包括换能器、变幅杆和工具头,且三部分连接并通过轴承支撑于外套上,可实现旋转,其特殊之处在于变幅杆与工具头之间通过直螺纹与锥度复合定位方式,该方式可使得压电晶片产生的超声振动传递至工具头,同时避免纵向的振动回传至主轴轴承,并保证机床的高刚度和良好的抗振性,该方式可使得整个超声主轴结构紧凑、旋转精度高;利用该旋转超声主轴进行超声磨削复合加工,其加工效率可达到普通磨削的3~5倍,大大改善超声磨削加工性能,有利于保护工件和刀具。

The invention discloses a rotating ultrasonic spindle with combined positioning of straight thread and taper, which includes a transducer, a horn and a tool head. The straight thread and taper compound positioning method between the rod and the tool head can make the ultrasonic vibration generated by the piezoelectric chip be transmitted to the tool head, and at the same time avoid the longitudinal vibration from being transmitted back to the spindle bearing, and ensure the high rigidity and Good vibration resistance, this method can make the entire ultrasonic spindle compact in structure and high in rotation accuracy; using the rotating ultrasonic spindle for ultrasonic grinding composite processing, its processing efficiency can reach 3 to 5 times that of ordinary grinding, greatly improving the ultrasonic grinding Machining performance is beneficial to protect workpieces and tools.

Description

一种直螺纹与锥度复合定位的旋转超声主轴 A Rotating Ultrasonic Spindle with Combined Positioning of Straight Thread and Taper

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及超声主轴,更具体地说本发明涉及一种应用于超声磨削复合加工的旋转超声主轴。The present invention relates to an ultrasonic spindle, and more specifically, the present invention relates to a rotating ultrasonic spindle applied to ultrasonic grinding combined processing.

背景技术Background technique

超声磨削加工技术是适合于加工硬脆材料的最具潜力的加工技术之一,且硬脆材料的新种类越来越多,应用也越来越广泛。而旋转超声主轴是超声磨削加工机床的关键部件之一,现有的超声机床一般都是在普通机床的主轴上附加一个简易超声头,其具有装置庞大、精度差、转速低等缺陷,且此方式会导致超声振动回传至床身,加工精度低,工件质量差。Ultrasonic grinding technology is one of the most potential processing technologies suitable for processing hard and brittle materials, and there are more and more new types of hard and brittle materials, and their applications are becoming more and more extensive. The rotating ultrasonic spindle is one of the key components of the ultrasonic grinding machine tool. The existing ultrasonic machine tools generally add a simple ultrasonic head to the spindle of the ordinary machine tool, which has defects such as large devices, poor precision, and low speed. This method will cause the ultrasonic vibration to be transmitted back to the bed, resulting in low machining accuracy and poor workpiece quality.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的是克服现有技术的缺点,提供一种紧凑型、高精度、高刚度、直螺纹与锥度复合定位的超声主轴。The object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and provide a compact, high-precision, high-rigidity ultrasonic spindle with combined positioning of straight threads and tapers.

本发明的目的通过下述方案实现。The object of the present invention is achieved through the following solutions.

一种直螺纹与锥度复合定位的旋转超声主轴,包括换能器、变幅杆和工具头,换能器由后匹配块、压电晶片和前匹配块通过螺栓连接,且换能器、变幅杆和工具头连接并通过轴承支撑于外套上,可实现高速旋转,其特殊之处在于变幅杆与工具头之间通过直螺纹与锥度复合定位方式,该方式可使得压电晶片产生的超声振动传递至工具头,同时避免纵向的振动回传至主轴轴承,并保证机床的高刚度和良好的抗振性,且该方式可使得整个超声主轴结构紧凑、旋转精度高。A rotating ultrasonic spindle with straight thread and taper composite positioning, including a transducer, a horn and a tool head. The transducer is connected by bolts from a rear matching block, a piezoelectric wafer, and a front matching block. The horn and the tool head are connected and supported on the outer casing through bearings, which can realize high-speed rotation. The special feature is that the horn and the tool head are positioned through straight threads and tapers. This method can make the piezoelectric wafer produce Ultrasonic vibration is transmitted to the tool head, while avoiding longitudinal vibration back to the spindle bearing, and ensuring high rigidity and good vibration resistance of the machine tool, and this method can make the entire ultrasonic spindle compact in structure and high in rotation accuracy.

所述的工具头一端通过电镀、焊接等方式镀附一层耐磨、高硬度材料,如镀附一层金刚石材料;工具头另一端为锥形与直螺纹复合型,且锥面的锥度可调整,必须保证超声振动可高效传递至工具端部。One end of the tool head is plated with a layer of wear-resistant and high-hardness material by electroplating, welding, etc., such as a layer of diamond material; the other end of the tool head is a composite type of tapered and straight thread, and the taper of the tapered surface can For adjustment, it is necessary to ensure that the ultrasonic vibration can be efficiently transmitted to the tool tip.

所述的变幅杆一端具有内锥面和内直螺纹,且与工具头的外锥面和外直螺纹相吻合,保证工具头与变幅杆间的良好连接,声阻抗小。One end of the horn has an inner tapered surface and an inner straight thread, which coincide with the outer tapered surface and the outer straight thread of the tool head, so as to ensure a good connection between the tool head and the horn, and the acoustic impedance is small.

所述的后匹配块、压电晶片和前匹配块三部分通过螺栓连接,螺栓与压电晶片之间需绝缘,且须避免压电晶片承受转矩,以免对压电晶片产生破坏。The three parts of the rear matching block, the piezoelectric chip and the front matching block are connected by bolts, the bolts and the piezoelectric chip need to be insulated, and the piezoelectric chip must be prevented from being subjected to torque to avoid damage to the piezoelectric chip.

所述的旋转部分与外套间通过上下轴承支撑,以保证整个超声主轴的旋转精度。The rotating part and the jacket are supported by upper and lower bearings to ensure the rotation accuracy of the entire ultrasonic spindle.

所述的旋转超声振子驱动电信号的加载通过耐磨电刷实现,其可保证超声主轴在高速旋转情况下驱动信号加载的可靠性,。The loading of the driving electrical signal of the rotating ultrasonic vibrator is realized by the wear-resistant brush, which can ensure the reliability of the driving signal loading of the ultrasonic spindle in the case of high-speed rotation.

所述的整个超声主轴的转动通过驱动轴带动,驱动轴通过皮带、同步带、弹性连轴器等与电机相连。The rotation of the entire ultrasonic main shaft is driven by the drive shaft, which is connected to the motor through a belt, a timing belt, an elastic coupling, and the like.

本发明的工作原理如下:The working principle of the present invention is as follows:

换能器在高频超声信号的驱动下,将超声频振动通过变幅杆、工具头放大,振幅达到0.01~0.1mm,对工件产生高频强烈冲击,且超声主轴同时实现高速旋转,对工件产生一种超声磨削复合加工工艺。超声磨削复合加工技术是在磨削加工中引入超声振动,借助超声振动的作用去除工件上的被加工材料,超声振动可以强化和改善磨削加工效果。其主要表现为:不但保留了磨削加工的特性,还可大幅度提高加工效率(加工速度达到普通磨削的3~5倍),减小切屑的变形量,降低切削力,排屑通畅;同时有效改善工件表面质量(工件表面光洁度可达到Ra<0.2μm),力度和热负荷小,有利于保护工件和刀具(刀具损耗降低到普通磨削的1/2),降低加工成本,其非常适合于硬脆材料的加工。Driven by the high-frequency ultrasonic signal, the transducer amplifies the ultrasonic vibration through the horn and the tool head, and the amplitude reaches 0.01-0.1mm, which produces a high-frequency strong impact on the workpiece, and the ultrasonic spindle realizes high-speed rotation at the same time. A composite ultrasonic grinding process is produced. Ultrasonic grinding composite processing technology is to introduce ultrasonic vibration into the grinding process, and remove the processed material on the workpiece with the help of ultrasonic vibration. Ultrasonic vibration can strengthen and improve the grinding effect. Its main performance is: not only retains the characteristics of grinding processing, but also greatly improves processing efficiency (processing speed reaches 3 to 5 times that of ordinary grinding), reduces chip deformation, reduces cutting force, and smooth chip removal; At the same time, the surface quality of the workpiece can be effectively improved (the surface finish of the workpiece can reach Ra<0.2μm), the force and heat load are small, and it is beneficial to protect the workpiece and the tool (the loss of the tool is reduced to 1/2 of ordinary grinding), and the processing cost is reduced. It is very Suitable for processing hard and brittle materials.

本发明的有益效果是变幅杆与工具头之间通过直螺纹与锥度复合定位方式,使得压电晶片产生的超声振动传递至工具头,同时避免纵向的振动回传至主轴轴承,并保证机床的高刚度和良好的抗振性,该方式可使得整个超声主轴结构紧凑、旋转精度高。利用该旋转超声主轴进行超声磨削复合加工,其加工效率可达到普通磨削的3~5倍,大大改善超声磨削加工性能,有利于保护工件和刀具。The beneficial effect of the present invention is that the straight thread and taper composite positioning method is used between the horn and the tool head, so that the ultrasonic vibration generated by the piezoelectric wafer is transmitted to the tool head, and at the same time, the longitudinal vibration is prevented from being transmitted back to the spindle bearing, and the machine tool is guaranteed With high rigidity and good vibration resistance, this method can make the entire ultrasonic spindle compact in structure and high in rotation accuracy. Using the rotating ultrasonic spindle for ultrasonic grinding composite processing, the processing efficiency can reach 3 to 5 times that of ordinary grinding, which greatly improves the performance of ultrasonic grinding and is beneficial to protect workpieces and cutting tools.

附图说明:Description of drawings:

图1是本发明的具体实施方式示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of the present invention.

图2是本发明的变幅杆与工具头间直螺纹与锥度复合定位第一种具体实施方式示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the compound positioning of the straight thread and the taper between the horn and the tool head according to the present invention.

图3是本发明的变幅杆与工具头间直螺纹与锥度复合定位第二种具体实施方式示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the compound positioning of straight thread and taper between the horn and the tool head of the present invention.

图中:1-工具头,2,2’-定位锥度,3,3’-直螺纹,4-轴承,5-压电晶片,6-螺钉,7-后匹配块,8-驱动轴,9-上盖,10-轴承,11-螺栓,12-电刷,13-外套,14-前匹配块,15-变幅杆。In the figure: 1-tool head, 2, 2'-positioning taper, 3, 3'-straight thread, 4-bearing, 5-piezoelectric chip, 6-screw, 7-rear matching block, 8-drive shaft, 9 -Upper cover, 10-bearing, 11-bolt, 12-electric brush, 13-coat, 14-front matching block, 15-horn.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

在图1所示的本发明的具体实施方式中,该直螺纹与锥度复合定位的旋转超声主轴,包括换能器、变幅杆15和工具头1,换能器由后匹配块7、压电晶片5和前匹配块14三部分组成,并通过螺栓11连接,后匹配块7后端连接有驱动轴8,以上各部分组成一个旋转体,电机通过皮带、同步带或弹性连轴器带动驱动轴8旋转,以使得整个旋转部分高速转动(3000-4000转/分钟);整个转动部分通过两个轴承4、10固定在外套13上,整个主轴通过外套13被夹持,实现轴向进给;上盖9通过螺钉6限定整个转动部分轴向位置;超声电源的驱动信号通过电刷12加载至超声振子上;工具头1与变幅杆15间通过锥度2和直螺纹3连接,该连接方式可使得超声主轴结构紧凑,定位精度高;工具头1一端是电镀或电焊等方法镀附的金刚石工具头。In the specific embodiment of the present invention shown in Fig. 1, the rotating ultrasonic main shaft with straight thread and taper compound positioning includes a transducer, a horn 15 and a tool head 1, and the transducer is composed of a rear matching block 7, a pressing The electric chip 5 and the front matching block 14 are composed of three parts, which are connected by bolts 11. The rear end of the rear matching block 7 is connected with a drive shaft 8. The above parts form a rotating body, and the motor is driven by a belt, a timing belt or an elastic coupling. The drive shaft 8 rotates so that the whole rotating part rotates at a high speed (3000-4000 rpm); the whole rotating part is fixed on the outer cover 13 by two bearings 4, 10, and the whole main shaft is clamped by the outer cover 13 to realize axial progress. The upper cover 9 defines the axial position of the entire rotating part through the screw 6; the driving signal of the ultrasonic power supply is loaded on the ultrasonic vibrator through the brush 12; the tool head 1 and the horn 15 are connected through a taper 2 and a straight thread 3, the The connection method can make the ultrasonic spindle compact in structure and high in positioning accuracy; one end of the tool head 1 is a diamond tool head plated by electroplating or electric welding.

在图2所示的本发明的变幅杆与工具头间直螺纹与锥度复合定位第一种具体实施方式示意图中,是定位锥度2在下,连接直螺纹3在上的布局方式,且该定位锥度可以是部分接触,也可以是全部接触。In the schematic diagram of the first specific embodiment of the straight thread and taper compound positioning between the horn and the tool head shown in Figure 2, the positioning taper 2 is on the bottom, and the layout of the connecting straight thread 3 is on the top, and the positioning Taper can be partial contact or full contact.

在图3所示的本发明的变幅杆与工具头间直螺纹与锥度复合定位第二种具体实施方式示意图中,是定位锥度2’在上,连接直螺纹3’在下的布局方式,且该定位锥度同样可以是部分接触,也可以是全部接触。In the schematic diagram of the second specific embodiment of the straight thread and taper compound positioning between the horn and the tool head shown in Figure 3, the layout of the positioning taper 2' is on the top and the connecting straight thread 3' is on the bottom, and The positioning taper can also be a partial contact or a full contact.

本发明是直螺纹与锥度复合定位的旋转超声主轴不局限于上述具体实施方式。The present invention is a rotating ultrasonic spindle with combined positioning of straight threads and tapers and is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiments.

Claims (9)

1. the rotating ultrasonic chief axis of straight thread and the compound location of tapering, comprise transducer, luffing bar [15] and tool heads [1], wherein transducer by back match block [7], piezoelectric chip [5] is connected by bolt [11] with preceding match block [14] and pass through bearing [4,10] is connected with overcoat [13], the preceding match block [14] of transducer connects luffing bar [15], and the back match block [7] of transducer connects driving shaft [8]; It is characterized in that: be connected with straight thread [3] by tapering [2] between tool heads [1] and luffing bar [15].
2. the rotating ultrasonic chief axis of straight thread according to claim 1 and the compound location of tapering is characterized in that above-mentioned tool heads [1] one end plates wear-resisting, the high hardness material of attached one deck, as diamond; Tool heads [1] other end is taper and straight thread composite construction.
3. the rotating ultrasonic chief axis of straight thread according to claim 1 and the compound location of tapering, it is characterized in that described luffing bar [15] one ends connect preceding match block [14], the other end has inner conical surface and interior straight thread, and matches with the male cone (strobilus masculinus) of tool heads [1] and outer straight thread.
4. according to the rotating ultrasonic chief axis of claim 1 or 2 or 3 described straight threads and the compound location of tapering, it is characterized in that straight thread [3] is connected between above-mentioned tool heads [1] and luffing bar [15], tapering [2] is positioned at down; Be the top of straight thread [3] in tool heads [1].
5. according to the rotating ultrasonic chief axis of claim 1 or 2 or 3 described straight threads and the compound location of tapering, it is characterized in that straight thread [3 '] is connected down between above-mentioned tool heads [1] and luffing bar [15], tapering [2 '] is positioned at; Be the top of tapering [2 '] in tool heads [1].
6. the rotating ultrasonic chief axis of straight thread according to claim 1 and the compound location of tapering is characterized in that loam cake [9] is installed in overcoat [13] upper end by screw [6].
7. the rotating ultrasonic chief axis of straight thread according to claim 1 and the compound location of tapering, it is inboard and contact with piezoelectric chip [5] to it is characterized in that brush [12] is installed in overcoat [13].
8. the rotating ultrasonic chief axis of straight thread according to claim 1 and the compound location of tapering, it is characterized in that above-mentioned driving shaft [8] by belt, synchronously the band or the elasticity shaft joint link to each other with motor.
9. the rotating ultrasonic chief axis of straight thread according to claim 1 and the compound location of tapering is characterized in that insulation between above-mentioned bolt [11] and the piezoelectric chip [5].
CNA2008100272053A 2008-04-03 2008-04-03 A Rotating Ultrasonic Spindle with Combined Positioning of Straight Thread and Taper Pending CN101249620A (en)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102101179A (en) * 2010-10-28 2011-06-22 广东工业大学 Rotary ultrasonic main shaft
CN104842182A (en) * 2015-05-28 2015-08-19 天津大学 Novel supersonic machining tool chuck
CN105642925A (en) * 2016-04-07 2016-06-08 大连理工大学 Ultrasonic cutter
CN110625449A (en) * 2019-10-30 2019-12-31 汇专机床有限公司 Spindle and ultrasonic machining mechanism
WO2020093418A1 (en) * 2018-11-05 2020-05-14 清华大学 Shrink-fit giant magnetostrictive ultrasonic tool holder
CN111889677A (en) * 2020-08-20 2020-11-06 苏州鑫之博科技有限公司 Ultrasonic impact destressing material increasing device and destressing method
CN111906601A (en) * 2020-08-24 2020-11-10 钟健辉 Ultrasonic grinding and polishing system and method for rotor wing frame of unmanned aerial vehicle

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102101179A (en) * 2010-10-28 2011-06-22 广东工业大学 Rotary ultrasonic main shaft
CN102101179B (en) * 2010-10-28 2012-12-19 广东工业大学 Rotary ultrasonic main shaft
CN104842182A (en) * 2015-05-28 2015-08-19 天津大学 Novel supersonic machining tool chuck
CN105642925A (en) * 2016-04-07 2016-06-08 大连理工大学 Ultrasonic cutter
WO2020093418A1 (en) * 2018-11-05 2020-05-14 清华大学 Shrink-fit giant magnetostrictive ultrasonic tool holder
CN110625449A (en) * 2019-10-30 2019-12-31 汇专机床有限公司 Spindle and ultrasonic machining mechanism
CN111889677A (en) * 2020-08-20 2020-11-06 苏州鑫之博科技有限公司 Ultrasonic impact destressing material increasing device and destressing method
CN111906601A (en) * 2020-08-24 2020-11-10 钟健辉 Ultrasonic grinding and polishing system and method for rotor wing frame of unmanned aerial vehicle

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