CN101014760B - 压缩空气产生系统 - Google Patents

压缩空气产生系统 Download PDF

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CN101014760B
CN101014760B CN2005800268616A CN200580026861A CN101014760B CN 101014760 B CN101014760 B CN 101014760B CN 2005800268616 A CN2005800268616 A CN 2005800268616A CN 200580026861 A CN200580026861 A CN 200580026861A CN 101014760 B CN101014760 B CN 101014760B
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air
steam
gas turbine
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combustion gas
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CN101014760A (zh
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保罗·J·约恩
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Airbus Operations GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/005—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for the working fluid being steam, created by combustion of hydrogen with oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/04—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output
    • F02C6/06—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output providing compressed gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/04—Air intakes for gas-turbine plants or jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/047—Heating to prevent icing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/26—Starting; Ignition
    • F02C7/268—Starting drives for the rotor, acting directly on the rotor of the gas turbine to be started
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/26—Starting; Ignition
    • F02C7/268—Starting drives for the rotor, acting directly on the rotor of the gas turbine to be started
    • F02C7/27—Fluid drives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/26—Starting; Ignition
    • F02C7/268—Starting drives for the rotor, acting directly on the rotor of the gas turbine to be started
    • F02C7/275—Mechanical drives
    • F02C7/277—Mechanical drives the starter being a separate turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/32—Arrangement, mounting, or driving, of auxiliaries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)

Abstract

一种系统，包括用于产生过热蒸汽的H2/O2蒸汽发生器(2)，所产生的过热蒸汽被直接供应到燃气涡轮机(8)而使其到达足以在燃气涡轮机中产生允许以燃料运转燃气涡轮机的压缩空气比的转速，或者该过热蒸汽被供应到用于产生压缩空气的压缩空气发生器(4)，其中所产生的压缩空气供应到例如飞机的压缩空气系统(7)，或者用于启动燃气涡轮机或用于其他压缩空气系统。

Description

压缩空气产生系统
本申请要求2004年8月11日提交的美国临时专利申请60/600,502以及2004年8月11日提交的德国专利申请10 2004 039 019.3的申优先权，这两篇申请的公开内容在此通过引用结合入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于产生压缩空气的系统，具体来说涉及一种用于从过热蒸汽产生压缩空气的系统，该压缩空气用于供应到飞机的压缩空气系统中并用于启动例如飞机引擎的燃气涡轮机。
背景技术
燃气涡轮机必须在压力比足以借助于燃料运转燃气涡轮机之前产生足够速度的旋转。现今，燃气涡轮机主要通过机械驱动器启动，所述机械驱动器例如为通过电动起动机方式驱动，或者燃气涡轮机以气动方式启动。
但是，例如飞机引擎的燃气涡轮机的自给式电启动需要非常高的电功率和特别重的起动电动机。气动启动过程需要非常高的空气压力输出，这不可能由移动单元获得。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于发明一种系统，通过该系统可以容易地支持例如飞机引擎的燃气涡轮机的启动过程。
本发明提供一种系统，其用于在燃气涡轮机中的压力比达到足以借助燃料运转该燃气涡轮机之前将所述燃气涡轮机达到足够高的转速，所述系统包括用于产生蒸汽的氢/氧蒸汽发生器；以及用于从所述蒸汽产生压缩空气的压缩空气发生器，其中所产生的压缩空气用于启动所述燃气涡轮机以便将所述燃气涡轮机达到所述转速；其中所产生的压缩空气供应至飞机的压缩空气系统。
所述目的的可行解决方案在本申请文件中具体说明。
根据本发明的系统的示例性实施方式的特征在于使用蒸汽发生器、具体是氢/氧蒸汽发生器，通过该蒸汽发生器可产生足够高的蒸汽压力和输出。而后，此蒸汽或包含蒸汽和所供应的空气的热混合物可用于启动例如飞机涡轮机的燃气涡轮机。这可以在没有迄今所使用的启动辅助装置——例如起动电动机——的情况下进行。作为可替选的方案，所产生的蒸汽还可以直接供应到压缩空气系统。
通过使用H2/O2蒸汽发生器来启动引擎/燃气涡轮机，由于高功率密度，与电动起动器变例的情况相比，可减小飞机重量。
根据本发明系统的可替选的示例性实施方式，由H2/O2蒸汽发生器产生的蒸汽被供应至包括蒸汽涡轮机和压缩机的压缩空气发生器，以产生能为启动固定的或移动的燃气涡轮机所使用或能够供应至压缩空气系统的足够量的压缩空气。
H2/O2蒸汽发生器的原理简单且其功率密度高，从而，基于此的起动器单元特别可用于要求单位体积重量轻、经济性好以及快速响应性的领域中。
代替在H2/O2蒸汽发生器中使用纯氧，还可以使用空气或空气和氧的混合物。但是，这产生了增加NOX排放的不利之处。
根据本发明，对RAT(RAM空气涡轮机)的替换是可行的，因为可由H2/O2蒸汽发生器和涡轮机的组合代替RAT，其中，所述H2/O2蒸汽发生器和涡轮机的组合通过蒸汽驱动的涡轮机驱动例如发生器且/或产生液压和/或热压缩空气。因此，根据本发明，与传统的RAT相比，可实现重量减轻以及性能优化。
因为H2/O2蒸汽发生器能够产生高蒸汽压力和高输出，根据本发明实施方式的另一示例性实施方式，可以使用由H2/O2蒸汽发生器产生的蒸汽来驱动蒸汽涡轮机并转而使用该蒸汽涡轮机来驱动用于压缩空气系统的压缩空气发生器。可行的应用场合例如可涉及诸如飞机的交通工具中的压缩空气系统。根据本发明的系统特别在交通工具外部没有可获取的外部能源以及需要高性能的情况下提供有利之处。
根据本发明的这种蒸汽发生器系统在飞机中的使用例如可以用在防冰系统(例如在机翼上)中。迄今为止，这种压缩空气系统都是由从引擎之后放出的热压缩空气注入。当存在结冰的危险时，在整个飞行期间而不仅是爬升和下降阶段都未使用这些系统。但是，压缩空气从引擎放出导致了引擎性能的损失、消耗增加以及由此导致较高的起飞重量。在通过来自引擎的压缩空气操作的防冰系统中所获得的效率低，从而由根据本发明的系统替换和/或支持该系统可具有明显效果。在这种布置中，通过由过热蒸汽操作的压缩空气发生器(例如具有压缩机的蒸汽涡轮机)产生压缩空气。进一步的选择可包括过热蒸汽与空气混合和/或通过空气冷却过热蒸汽以及直接使用所述蒸汽。
由于根据本发明的系统的高效性，因此根据本发明，防冰单元和整个飞机的重量可得以减轻。以此方式，可提高系统的经济性，并且能降低废气排放。
由根据本发明的系统产生的压缩空气还可用于诸如空调系统等的其他压缩空气系统，用以代替使用引擎放气。在此布置中，对传统系统的完全替代或支持(例如用以避免峰值负荷：例如，快速减压)是可能的。根据本发明的系统，通过由过热蒸汽操作的压缩空气发生器(例如具有压缩机的蒸汽涡轮机)产生压缩空气。
附图说明
以下参照优选实施方式结合图1描述根据本发明的系统。图1示出用于飞机的根据本发明的系统的优选实施方式的示意性框图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，系统1的特征具体在于：H2/O2蒸汽发生器2产生过热蒸汽，该过热蒸汽用于支持飞机中的压缩系统以及用于启动引擎的起动器机构，如下所述。
H2/O2蒸汽发生器2是公知的；其主要用于蒸汽杀菌、生物反应器的温度控制、食品、包装材料、医疗器具、纺织品以及溶液，且其还用于在制药业中产生纯净水。
H2/O2蒸汽发生器2包括其中氢和氧(或空气)以受控方式彼此反应以产生蒸汽的系统。具体来说，H2/O2蒸汽发生器2根据喷气推进原理产生化学计量的氢/氧混合物，该化学计量的氢/氧混合物以受控方式燃烧而形成蒸汽。
如图1所示，该系统进一步包括冷却单元3，以便将水或空气供应到已经产生的蒸汽，由此，纯蒸汽的状态参数的目标设定成为可能。借助于冷却单元3，蒸汽参数可在短时间内以目标方式设定。过热蒸汽发生器2的有利之处在于其高纯度、短响应时间、状态参数的调节选择及其小的几何尺寸。
根据本发明，借助于H2/O2蒸汽发生器2和冷却装置3，例如由于注入水或混合空气来冷却而可将蒸汽温度设定在例如200摄氏度到3300摄氏度之间。根据如图1所示的优选实施方式，以此方式控制好温度的过热蒸汽被供应到压缩空气发生器4。压缩空气发生器4例如包括具有压缩机6的蒸汽涡轮机5。蒸汽涡轮机5由过热蒸汽运转，该过热蒸汽由冷却装置3设定到预定温度。作为替选方案，也可将由H2/O2蒸汽发生器产生的热空气直接(没有冷却)供应到压缩空气发生器4。以此方式，借助于蒸汽涡轮机5和压缩机6，压缩空气发生器4由过热蒸汽产生压缩空气。
由压缩空气发生器4产生的压缩空气例如被供应到压缩空气系统7，根据本发明的压缩空气系统7例如包括防冰系统7a、液压系统7b、空调系统7c等。
如图1所示，压缩空气发生器4产生的压缩空气还可用于使引擎8达到在引擎中足以产生允许以燃料运转引擎的压缩空气比的转速。
尽管上面已经参照优选实施方式针对飞机描述了本发明，可以理解，根据本发明的系统还可用于包括需要启动的燃气涡轮机的其他交通工具。此外，根据本发明的系统还可用于固定的燃气涡轮机以启动该燃气涡轮机。
附图标记列表
1    系统
2    H2/O2蒸汽发生器
3    冷却系统
4    压缩空气发生器
5    蒸汽涡轮机
6    压缩机
7    压缩空气系统
7a   防冰系统
7b   液压系统
7c   空调系统
8    燃气涡轮机/引擎

Claims (6)

1.一种用于在燃气涡轮机中的压力比达到足以借助燃料运转该燃气涡轮机之前将所述燃气涡轮机达到足够高的转速的系统，所述系统包括用于产生蒸汽的氢/氧蒸汽发生器；以及用于从所述蒸汽产生压缩空气的压缩空气发生器，其中所产生的压缩空气用于启动所述燃气涡轮机以便将所述燃气涡轮机达到所述转速；其中所产生的压缩空气供应至飞机的压缩空气系统。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述压缩空气发生器包括蒸汽涡轮机和压缩机。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的系统，包括用于通过供入水和/或空气而设定所希望的蒸汽温度的冷却单元。
4.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述压缩空气系统为防冰系统、液压系统或空调系统至少其中之一。
5.权利要求1-4中任一项所述的系统的应用，所述系统代替或支持飞机中的辅助动力装置和/或RAM空气涡轮机。
6.权利要求1-4中任一项所述的系统的应用，所述系统代替或支持交通工具中的辅助动力装置。
CN2005800268616A 2004-08-11 2005-08-10 压缩空气产生系统 Expired - Fee Related CN101014760B (zh)

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US60050204P 2004-08-11 2004-08-11
DE102004039019A DE102004039019A1 (de) 2004-08-11 2004-08-11 Drucklufterzeugungssystem
US60/600,502 2004-08-11
DE102004039019.3 2004-08-11
PCT/EP2005/008691 WO2006015857A1 (en) 2004-08-11 2005-08-10 Compressed-air generating system

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CA2573658A1 (en) 2006-02-16
DE102004039019A1 (de) 2006-02-23
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US20070289285A1 (en) 2007-12-20
WO2006015857A1 (en) 2006-02-16

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