CN102498267B - 用于使天然气液化的装置和用于启动所述装置的方法 - Google Patents

用于使天然气液化的装置和用于启动所述装置的方法 Download PDF

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CN102498267B
CN102498267B CN201080025698.2A CN201080025698A CN102498267B CN 102498267 B CN102498267 B CN 102498267B CN 201080025698 A CN201080025698 A CN 201080025698A CN 102498267 B CN102498267 B CN 102498267B
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steam
unit
compressor
gas
turbine unit
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CN102498267A (zh
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汉斯-格尔德·克尔沙伊德
克劳斯·彼得斯
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/04—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being fluid-driven
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/02—Surge control
    • F04D27/0292—Stop safety or alarm devices, e.g. stop-and-go control; Disposition of check-valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
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    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
    • F25J1/0242—Waste heat recovery, e.g. from heat of compression
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    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0269—Arrangement of liquefaction units or equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple "trains" concept
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F25J1/0282—Steam turbine as the prime mechanical driver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F25J1/0283—Gas turbine as the prime mechanical driver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0289—Use of different types of prime drivers of at least two refrigerant compressors in a cascade refrigeration system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/029—Mechanically coupling of different refrigerant compressors in a cascade refrigeration system to a common driver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0298—Safety aspects and control of the refrigerant compression system, e.g. anti-surge control
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    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
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    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/80—Hot exhaust gas turbine combustion engine
    • F25J2240/82—Hot exhaust gas turbine combustion engine with waste heat recovery, e.g. in a combined cycle, i.e. for generating steam used in a Rankine cycle
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于使天然气液化的装置(TR)，其具有包括燃气轮机压缩机(GTCO)的燃气轮机单元(GT)、蒸汽轮机单元(STT)、第一压缩机单元(CO1)、可切换的联轴器(CLU)、用于将蒸汽(ST)供应给蒸汽轮机单元(STT)的燃烧式蒸汽发生器(AUXSTG)和第二压缩机单元(CO2)，其中蒸汽轮机单元(STT)和第一压缩机单元(CO1)具有共同的固定连接的第一轴系(SS1)，并且其中燃气轮机单元(GT)和第二压缩机单元(CO2)具有共同的固定连接的第二轴系(SS2)。为了提高经济性而提出，第一轴系(SS1)和第二轴系(SS2)能够借助于联轴器(CLU)彼此连接和分离。此外，提出一种装置的适宜的启动方法。

Description

用于使天然气液化的装置和用于启动所述装置的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于使天然气液化的装置，其具有燃气轮机单元、蒸汽轮机单元和压缩机。此外，本发明涉及一种用于启动这种设备的方法。
背景技术
天然气的液化在原材料匮乏和环境意识提高的情况下具有日益增加的意义。在许多情况下，相对于其他的能量载体，天然气是环保的、安全的并且有时可更好地供使用的代替品。然而，气体具有如下缺点，即运输和储存特别耗费并且适宜在液态下实施。这也相应地增加了用于使天然气液化的设备的意义。
用于使天然气液化的传统的设备通常由一个或两个压缩机或压缩机壳体组成，所述压缩机或压缩机壳体由至少一个燃气轮机或电动机驱动。在具有高的年产量(5MPTA至10MPTA)的这个液态天然气设备中，通常使用所谓的单轴燃气轮机，在所述单轴燃气轮机中，燃气轮机压缩机和燃气轮机的涡轮机位于轴系上。这个单轴燃气轮机不能够独立地起动或者以额定转速启动，并且为此经常需要启动辅助电动机。这个启动辅助电动机还经常在高的功率需求下用于辅助燃气轮机。这个电动机的工作需要高压功率电子装置，其在较大的设备中设计为大约40MW的功率。
发明内容
基于上述设备，本发明基于的目的是，提供一种简化的设备概念，而不必承受在总效率方面的损失，使得获得投资成本的降低。
根据本发明，提出一种装置，此外根据本发明，所述设备能够一种方法启动。下文包括了本发明的有利的改进形式。
用于使天然气液化的装置，具有：包括燃气轮机压缩机的燃气轮机单元；蒸汽轮机单元；第一压缩机单元；可切换的联轴器；用于将蒸汽供应给所述蒸汽轮机单元的燃烧式蒸汽发生器；第二压缩机单元，其中所述蒸汽轮机单元和所述第一压缩机单元具有共同的固定连接的第一轴系，并且其中所述燃气轮机单元和所述第二压缩机单元具有共同的固定连接的第二轴系，其中所述第一轴系和所述第二轴系能够借助于联轴器彼此连接和分离，其中所述第一压缩机单元与第一热交换器连接，借助于所述第一热交换器将过程气体冷却到第一温度，其中所述第二压缩机单元与第二热交换器连接，借助于所述第二热交换器将所述天然气冷却到低于所述第一温度的第二温度。
用于启动用于使天然气液化的装置的方法，所述装置具有：包括燃气轮机压缩机的燃气轮机单元；蒸汽轮机单元；第一压缩机单元；联轴器；用于将蒸汽供应给所述蒸汽轮机单元的燃烧式蒸汽发生器；以及第二压缩机单元，所述方法包括下述步骤：在所述燃烧式蒸汽发生器中产生蒸汽；将所述蒸汽轮机启动到工作转速；运行所述第一压缩机，直到用于冷却所述天然气的第一热交换器达到第一工作温度；接合所述联轴器并且点燃所述燃气轮机。
在本申请的术语中，燃气轮机单元还包括与其相关联的燃气轮机压缩机。此外，燃气轮机单元、蒸汽轮机单元和压缩机单元表示这些相应机器种类中的一个或多个机器，所述机器能够彼此并联或者串联地设置。在单元中重要的是，相应的过程流体来源于共同的流并且在流过相应的单元后也再次形成共同的流，需要时汇聚到这个流中。
本发明实现将该装置用于蒸汽轮机，一方面作为用于燃气轮机的电动的启动辅助电动机的替代件，并且另一方面作为用于液化设备的压缩机的驱动器。以这种方式能够省去用于启动或需要时用于辅助燃气轮机的电动的启动辅助电动机，并且借助于此还省去极其复杂和昂贵的高压变频器。同时获得高的效率，尤其因为联轴器的分离实现燃气轮机和蒸汽轮机的单独的控制。
此外，当借助于废热锅炉将燃气轮机的废气用于产生用于蒸汽轮机的蒸汽时，能够显著地提高装置的效率。两个轴系，即蒸汽轮机的第一轴系和燃气轮机的第二轴系，本身刚性地构成或者不能够借助于可切换的联轴器分离。然而，这没有排除在这个轴系的长度上的例如借助于栓的可拆卸的固定。在第一轴系和第二轴系之间的可切换的联轴器借助于蒸汽轮机实现燃气轮机的根据本发明的启动。在本发明构成有废热蒸汽发生器时，燃烧式蒸汽发生器的功率优选逐步地通过来自废热蒸汽发生器的蒸汽来代替，这优选直到完全地切断燃烧式蒸汽发生器为止。在特别的功率需求中，燃烧式蒸汽发生器能够额外地提供用于蒸汽轮机的蒸汽。需要时，第一轴系和/或第二轴系与用于发电的发电机连接。
当第一压缩机单元与天然气的冷却的第一级的第一热交换器连接并且第二压缩机单元相应地以低于第一级的温度水平与第二级连接时，表现出用于天然气液化设备的驱动的根据本发明的装置的特别的适用性。以这种方式，在借助于蒸汽轮机启动燃气轮机之前，首先使气体液化的第一级处于例如-40℃的工作温度。
适宜的是，第二压缩机单元构成有两个压缩机，即低压压缩机和高压压缩机，其中所述压缩机串联，使得除了在设置在这两个压缩机之间的模块中的可能的压力损失外，来自低压压缩机的出口压力基本上相当于高压压缩机的入口压力。
在燃气轮机接合在蒸汽轮机的第一轴系上之前启动时，适宜的是，燃气轮机已经借助于旋转电动机以低的转动转速(例如直至每分钟150转)旋转，并且在接合之前，蒸汽轮机以略低于这个转速运行，使得不引起可切换的联轴器的过载。
旋转电动机由于在其功率消耗方面的相对低的转速不能够与启动辅助电动机相比较。
附图说明
下面借助特殊的实施例在参考附图的情况下详细阐明本发明，但不限制于这个实施例。
图1示出根据本发明的装置的示意图；
图2示出根据本发明的多个彼此并联地工作的装置的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示出根据本发明的具有第一轴系SS1和第二轴系SS2的装置TR的示意的工艺图。两个轴系SS1、SS2能够借助可切换的联轴器CLU彼此连接。图2示出三个根据本发明的装置TR1、TR2、TR3的并联连接图。在两个附图中示出蒸汽ST或冷凝物COND的导向。
根据本发明的装置TR、TR1、TR2、TR3分别由在共同的第一轴系SS1上的蒸汽轮机STT和第一压缩机单元CO1以及在第二轴系SS2上的燃气轮机GT和第二压缩机单元CO2组成。第二压缩机单元CO2由低压压缩机COLP和高压压缩机COHP组成。在此借助仅一个压缩机壳体示出第一压缩机单元CO1。具有热交换器HEX1、HEX2的液化设备的没有详细示出的冷却过程以两级构成，其中具有第一热交换器HEX1的第一级由第一压缩机单元CO1提供并且液化设备的具有第二热交换器HEX2的第二级由第二压缩机单元CO2提供。
燃气轮机GT具有自己的燃气轮机压缩机GTCO，在所产生的燃烧气体CG在下游在燃气轮机涡轮中膨胀之前，借助于所述燃气轮机压缩机通过空气过滤器AF抽吸环境空气A，并且将其与燃料F混合并在燃烧室COMB中燃烧。燃气轮机涡轮GTT驱动燃气轮机压缩机GTCO和第二压缩机单元CO2。在燃烧气体经过废气过滤器FL作为已净化的废气EX释放到环境中、用作其他目的或储存之前，热的燃烧气体CG在膨胀后到达废热交换器HRSG并且在那里冷却，以用于产生蒸汽。蒸汽轮机STT包含来自废弃蒸汽发生器HRSG的新鲜蒸汽LST，并且在蒸汽轮机STT中膨胀的蒸汽ST在冷凝器CON中冷凝并且作为冷凝物COND被再次供入废热蒸汽发生器HRSG中，以用于产生新鲜蒸汽LST。此外，借助于抽汽口EF从蒸汽轮机STT抽取抽汽EXT。例如在停机期间，蒸汽轮机STT和燃气轮机GT借助于旋转驱动器TD保持在例如在每分钟100至150转之间的低的转速，以便在冷却时轴不会弯曲。可选的是，发电机GE能够连接到蒸汽轮机STT上，所述发电机产生电能P。为了启动蒸汽轮机STT，提供辅助蒸汽AUXST，其源自并联工作的装置TR或者源自燃烧式蒸汽发生器AUXSTG。图2示出这个具有燃烧式蒸汽发生器AUXSTG的并联结构。
分别如下发动装置TR、TR1、TR2、TR3。
在燃烧式蒸汽发生器AUXSTG中产生用于发动具有第一压缩机单元CO1的蒸汽轮机STT的蒸汽ST。在该时间点，第一轴系SS1还没有与第二轴系SS2耦联，燃气轮机GT和第二压缩机单元CO2位于所述第二轴系SS2上。第二轴系SS2借助于旋转驱动器TD缓慢地以每分钟100至150转的转动转速旋转。借助于辅助蒸汽AUXST，第一压缩机单元CO1的蒸汽轮机在考虑到必需的保持点的情况下缓慢地运行到工作转速。随着达到工作转速和工作温度，与第一压缩机单元CO1连接的第一热交换器HEX在温度上降低到适应于液化过程的过程要求。紧接着，第一轴系SS1的转速降低到低于第二轴系SS2的转动转速，并且联轴器CLU接合。现在，经预热的蒸汽轮机使整个轴系运行到工作转速，其中点燃燃气轮机GT。一旦燃气轮机GT产生足够的功率，以便驱动第二压缩机单元CO2，那么第一轴系的转速降低到略微低于第二轴系的转速，并且联轴器CLU脱耦，使得能够彼此单独地控制两个轴系。逐步地将燃烧式蒸汽发生器AUXSTG的对于蒸汽轮机STT所必需的蒸汽转换到废热蒸汽发生器HRSG的蒸汽ST。

Claims (11)

1.用于使天然气液化的装置(TR)，具有：
包括燃气轮机压缩机(GTCO)的燃气轮机单元(GT)；
蒸汽轮机单元(STT)；
第一压缩机单元(CO1)；
可切换的联轴器(CLU)；
用于将蒸汽(ST)供应给所述蒸汽轮机单元(STT)的燃烧式蒸汽发生器(AUXSTG)；
第二压缩机单元(CO2)，
其中所述蒸汽轮机单元(STT)和所述第一压缩机单元(CO1)具有共同的固定连接的第一轴系(SS1)，并且其中所述燃气轮机单元(GT)和所述第二压缩机单元(CO2)具有共同的固定连接的第二轴系(SS2)，其中所述第一轴系(SS1)和所述第二轴系(SS2)能够借助于联轴器(CLU)彼此连接和分离，其中所述第一压缩机单元(CO1)与第一热交换器(HEX1)连接，借助于所述第一热交换器将过程气体冷却到第一温度，其中所述第二压缩机单元(CO2)与第二热交换器(HEX2)连接，借助于所述第二热交换器将所述天然气冷却到低于所述第一温度的第二温度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置(TR)，其中所述第二轴系(SS2)不具有电动的启动辅助电机。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置(TR)，其中所述第二压缩机单元(CO2)具有低压压缩机(COLP)和高压压缩机(COHP)，并且将被压缩的过程气体从所述低压压缩机(COLP)引导到所述高压压缩机(COHP)中。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置(TR)，其中发电机(GE)与所述蒸汽轮机单元(STT)连接，以用于发电。
5.根据权利要求1所述的装置(TR)，其中设有废热蒸汽发生器(HRSG)，其借助于来自所述燃气轮机单元(GT)的燃烧气体(CG)产生用于所述蒸汽轮机单元(STT)的蒸汽(ST)。
6.用于启动用于使天然气液化的装置的方法，所述装置具有：
-包括燃气轮机压缩机(GTCO)的燃气轮机单元(GT)；
-蒸汽轮机单元(STT)；
-第一压缩机单元(CO1)；
-联轴器(CLU)；
-用于将蒸汽(ST)供应给所述蒸汽轮机单元(STT)的燃烧式蒸汽发生器(AUXSTG)；以及
-第二压缩机单元(CO2)，
其中所述第一压缩机单元(CO1)与第一热交换器(HEX1)连接，借助于所述第一热交换器将过程气体冷却到第一温度，其中所述第二压缩机单元(CO2)与第二热交换器(HEX2)连接，借助于所述第二热交换器将所述天然气冷却到低于所述第一温度的第二温度，
所述方法包括下述步骤：
-在所述燃烧式蒸汽发生器(AUXSTG)中产生蒸汽(ST)；
-将所述蒸汽轮机单元(STT)启动到工作转速；
-运行所述第一压缩机单元(CO1)，直到用于冷却所述天然气的第一热交换器(HEX1)达到第一工作温度；
-接合所述联轴器(CLU)并且点燃所述燃气轮机单元(GT)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中在点燃所述燃气轮机单元(GT)之后，逐步地转换成用来自借助所述燃气轮机单元(GT)的燃烧气体(CG)驱动的废热蒸汽发生器(HRSG)的蒸汽(ST)代替来自所述燃烧式蒸汽发生器(AUXSTG)的蒸汽供给所述蒸汽轮机单元(STT)。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的方法，其中所述燃气轮机单元(GT)在接合之前借助于旋转驱动器(TD)以转动转速旋转。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中在接合之前降低所述蒸汽轮机单元(STT)的所述转速。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中在接合之前将所述蒸汽轮机单元(STT)的所述转速的降低到低于所述转动转速。
11.根权利要求6或7所述的方法，其中所述蒸汽轮机单元(STT)和所述第一压缩机单元(CO1)具有共同的固定连接的第一轴系(SS1)，并且其中所述燃气轮机单元(GT)和所述第二压缩机单元(CO2)具有共同的固定连接的第二轴系(SS2)，其中在两个轴系(SS1，SS2)达到所述工作转速后，所述联轴器(CLU)将所述第一轴系(SS1)与所述第二轴系(SS2)分离。
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US20120131950A1 (en) 2012-05-31
WO2010142574A3 (de) 2012-02-16
US9926934B2 (en) 2018-03-27

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