CN1006522B - 缓放性制剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
缓放性制剂的制备方法Info
- Publication number
- CN1006522B CN1006522B CN 86103062 CN86103062A CN1006522B CN 1006522 B CN1006522 B CN 1006522B CN 86103062 CN86103062 CN 86103062 CN 86103062 A CN86103062 A CN 86103062A CN 1006522 B CN1006522 B CN 1006522B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- calcium antagonist
- preparation
- control material
- hydrophobicity base
- stripping control
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种缓放性制剂的制备方法,是使钙拮剂与水溶性溶出控制物质等均匀地分散在硬化油等的疏水性基剂中而制成适于日服的剂型,具有能使血中钙拮抗剂浓度长时间维持在有效浓度范围的效果,作为钙抗剂可采用硫氮酮,但并不限于此,作为疏水性基剂可从高级脂肪酸,高级脂肪酸酯,高级乙醇等中至少选出一种,作为溶出控制物质可从糖类,水溶性高分子物质以及水膨润性高分子物质中至少选出一种。
Description
本发明涉及缓放性制剂的制备方法。
钙拮抗剂用于使冠状动脉血管扩张,和作为心绞痛以及心功能不全等疾病的治疗药物是一种有用药剂。
这样的药剂,从对象疾病的治病方面看,一般都希望药理作用效果能够持续,然而存在的问题是通常的制剂(例如符合第十版日本药典的破坏试验的制剂),不能充分在血中维持其浓度,因此不能说,适当满足药理作用的持续性。
另一方面,作为现有技术,将作为目的的医药化合物包没于水不溶性基剂中以求达到制剂缓放化的方法,是众所周知的,然而当采用这个方法时,却存在该医药化合物在生物体内的吸收乃至生物学利用率(所谓生物有效性)下降的难点。
本发明者们专心研究的结果发现,若使钙拮抗剂与水溶性物质等的溶出控制物质一起均匀地存在于硬化油等的疏水性基剂中这样制造药剂时制得的制剂,具有良好的缓放性,且和主药含量相同的速放性制剂(例如速放药片)具有同等的吸收性,从而完成了本发明。
因此本发明是一种缓放性制剂的制备方法,其特征在于使钙拮抗剂和溶出控制物质均匀地包没或分散在疏水性基剂的固化物中后而制成适于口服进药的剂型。
在本发明方法中,对于成为主药的钙拮抗剂只要是一种医药化合物,它能通过抑制钙离子流入细胞内,而带来使平滑肌松驰和抑制心肌收缩,就不特别加以限定,但尤其以采用硫氮
酮〔化学名;d-3-乙酰氧基-顺-2,3-二氢-5-{2-(二甲氨基)乙基}-2-(对甲氧苯基)-1,5-苯并噻品(benzothiazepin)-4(5H)-酮〕或者为其药理上能允许的酸添加盐为好。作为这种酸添加盐可列举例如象醋酸盐,溴酸盐,乳酸盐,天冬氨酸盐等的有机酸添加盐,和象氢氯化物盐,氢溴化物,硫酸盐,硝酸盐,高氯酸盐的无机酸添加盐。
此外,作为在本发明方法中采用的疏水性基剂(以下称作基剂),可推举由高级脂肪酸、高级脂肪酸脂,高级乙醇和高级碳氢化物所组成的一组中选出的至少一种。
作为高级脂肪酸,可推举例如10-32个碳原子的饱和乃至不饱和脂肪酸,其具体可列举癸酸,十一(烷)基酸,月桂酸,十三(烷)酸,肉豆蔻酸,十五(烷)酸,软脂酸,七癸酸,硬脂酸,九癸酸,花生酸,山萮籽酸,木焦油酸,蜡酸,二十七烷酸,褐煤酸,蜂蜡酸,紫胶蜡酸,反油酸,巴西烯酸等。
作为高级脂肪酸脂,可推举例如(A)为10-32个碳原子的脂肪酸和14-32个碳原子的脂肪族一价乙醇及其酯,(B)为10-22个碳原子的饱和乃至不饱和脂肪酸酯和甘油酯,或者是它们的氢添加物,具体地例如作为(A)可推举有棕榈酸肉豆蔻基,
硬脂酸硬脂酰,肉豆蔻酸肉豆蔻基,二十四(烷)酸蜡基,蜡酸紫胶蜡基,紫胶蜡酸紫胶蜡基等的脂肪酸脂,和诸如羊毛脂,密蜡,鲸蜡,紫胶片蜡等的来自动物的天然蜡,以及如巴西棕榈蜡、小烛树蜡的来自植物的天然蜡。此外,作为(B)可推举除甘油基单月桂酯,甘油基单肉豆蔻酯,甘油基单硬脂酸酯,甘油基二月桂酯,甘油基二肉豆蔻酯,甘油基二硬脂酸酯,甘油基三月桂酯,甘油基三肉豆蔻酯,甘油基三硬酯酸酯等以外,还有牛脂,猪脂,氢化牛脂,氢化菜油,氢化蓖麻油,氢化椰子油,氢化大豆油等。
作为高级乙醇,例如可推举12-32个碳原子的一价乙醇,具体可列举月桂醇,三癸醇,肉豆蔻醇,五癸醇,鲸蜡醇,七癸醇,硬脂醇,九癸醇,二十烷醇,二十六烷醇,三十烷醇等。
作为高级碳氢化合物,例如可推举12-32个碳原子的碳氢化合物,具体可推举作为各种碳氢化合物的混合物的固态石蜡。
上述中,天然蜡或者牛脂,猪脂以及各种硬化油是包含有各种成分的,然而能很好地适用于本发明的目的。例如紫胶片蜡是以二十四(烷)酸蜡基为主要成分,除了含有如二十六(烷)酸蜡基和紫胶蜡酸紫胶蜡的混合物的以外,还含有游离乙醇,碳氢化合物,树脂份等的成分,因而很适合用作本发明的基剂。
此外,作为溶出控制物质,可举出由糖类,水溶性高分子物质以及水膨润性高分子物质所组成的一群中选出至少一种,具体地可举出例如单糖类,双糖类,糖乙醇,分子内含有或不含有硫酸基的多糖类,多糖乙醚以及以乙烯系不饱和单体为组成成分的水溶性聚合物。
作为单糖类可列举如葡糖基,作为双糖类可列举如乳糖,蔗糖,麦芽糖,转化糖,作为糖乙醇可列举如山梨糖醇,甘露糖醇等。作为分子内含有硫酸基的多糖类可列举有角叉菜胶,表皮突(furcellaran),纤维素硫酸酯,琼脂等,作为分子内不含有硫酸基的多糖类列举如发芽物(Pullulan),糊精,葡聚糖,西黄蓍胶,藻酸钠,羧甲基纤维素钠等。作为多糖类乙醚可列举如羟基丙酰纤维素,羟基丙酰甲基纤维素,羟基丙酰乙基纤维素等,此外,可以用聚乙二醇〔日本药局记载名:聚乙二醇(Macrogol)〕,聚乙烯醇,聚丙烯酸钠,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮等。
上述各种成分以采用粉末的形式为好,尤其是以采用粉粒直径约为150μm以下的粉末为好。
此外,关于在本发明方法中采用的各成分的比率,对于按重量把基剂作为1的话,则溶出控制物质为0.1~8,以大约0.3~7为好,最好约为0.4~6,还有钙拮抗剂为0.005~8,以大约0.07~5为好,最好约为0.1~2。
要使钙拮抗剂和溶出控制物质均匀地包设或分散在基剂的固化物中,可以通过。
(A)使基剂,钙拮抗剂和溶出控制物质相混合,将此混合物加热后,经混练再冷却而固化,或通过
(B)将基剂和钙拮抗剂的混合物用溶解或膨润溶出控制物质的溶液进行混练,而后乾燥而固化,或通过
(C)将基剂,钙拮抗剂以及溶出控制物质混合,而后使此混合物压缩固化加以实施。
采用(A)法时,混合物的加热可以在基剂的溶融温度以上,而且在溶出控制物质和钙拮抗剂不发生实质性分解的温度以下进行,通常约为35~130℃,但是以约在70~110℃进行为好。若采用A法,依靠加热操作,使基剂熔融而形成连续相,接着进行混练和冷却操作,从而得到钙拮抗剂和溶出控制物质在上述基剂的连续相中均匀包没的固态制剂。
采用(B)法时,作为能使溶出控制物质溶解或膨润的溶剂,可例举如甲醇,乙醇以及丙酮等有机溶剂或者是它们和水的混合溶液,以乙醇或者含水乙醇为好。这些溶剂的用量以使基剂和钙拮抗剂在混练时能够湿润就可以。
若采用B法,则通过采用能溶解或膨润溶出控制物质的溶液来混练基剂和钙拮抗剂,从而使钙拮抗剂和溶出控制物质在基剂中均匀地分散,与此同时接着用乾燥操作,除去溶剂,使该混练物固化,从而得到钙拮抗剂和溶出控制物质在基剂的固化物中分散的固态制剂。
采用(C)法时,混合物的压缩固化,例如可采用辊子压制机等的压缩装置来实施,从而能制得拮抗剂和溶出控制物质在基剂中均匀分散的板状或薄片状固态制剂。
用上述划分的(A)~(C)法制得的固态制剂,接着可以进行适于口服剂型的成型。
作为适于口服的固态制剂的剂型有如散剂,颗
粒剂,细颗粒剂,丸剂,片剂及胶囊剂等。
这些制剂,无论是其中的那一种,都能够按照该技术领域的常规方法制造出来,例如作为该制剂的散剂来说,将在上述中得到的固态制剂进行粉碎,整粒,其颗粒直径约在350μm以下,尤其能按约105~350μm调制出来。
此外,作为该制剂的颗粒剂来说,将在上述中得到的固态制剂进行粉碎,整粒使其颗粒直径约在200~1500μm,以约为300~1400μm为好,尤其是按约为500~1000μm容易调制出来。
除此以外,作为该制剂的片剂来说,可以通过将前述固态制剂的粉碎物,或者上述的散剂,颗粒剂在冲片机上进行冲片而调制出来。
在上述制粒或者冲片之际,也能够使用通常在该技术领域里使用的润滑剂,流动化剂,赋形剂,结合剂和着色剂等,例如作为润滑剂的有如硬脂酸镁,滑石,合成硅酸铝,氧化硅和氧化镁等。
此外,作为可用于本发明的拮抗剂,除了上述的硫氮
酮以外,还可列举如邻联吡啶(dipyridamol)〔化学名:2.6-双(二乙醇氨)-4.8-邻联吡啶(dipyp-eridinopyrimid)〔5.4-d〕嘧啶〕,双硝吡啶(nicar-dipine)〔化学名:2.6-二甲基-4-(3-硝基苯)-1.4-二氢吡啶-3.5-二羧酸-3-甲基酯-5-β-(N-苄基-N-甲基氨)乙基酯〕,硝苯吡啶(nifedipine)等。
根据本发明制得的缓放性制剂,由于能够在消化器管的上部,无实质性阻碍钙拮抗剂的吸收情况下,赋于任意的缓放效果,因而具有能使血中钙拮抗剂的浓度任意长时间地维持在有效血中浓度的范围内的优越效果。
以下,用实施例对本发明作进一步详细地说明,然而本发明的范围并不受它的限制。
实施例1
将硫氮
酮氢氯化物100克,乳糖200克,硬化蓖麻油700克混合后,用滚子压制机(日本佛洛英托(froint)产业制)压缩成薄片状,然后用辊子造粒机(日本轧辊造粒机公司制造)将得到的薄片状压缩物进行造粒,从而制得颗粒直径为710-1190m的颗粒。得到的颗粒在日本第十版药典的破坏试验的第一溶液中显示50%的溶出时间为26分钟,三小时后的溶出率为87%。
相对于此,采用硫氮
酮氢氯化物100克,硬化蓖麻油900克,用和上述同样方法所得到的对照颗粒,其50%的溶出时间为100分钟,三小时后的溶出率为55%。
实施例2
得到的颗粒在第十版日本药典的破坏试验的第一溶液中,显示50%的溶出时间为13分钟,三小时后的溶出率为98%。
实施例3
用硫氮
酮氢氯化物100克,乳糖500克,硬化蓖麻油400克,和实施例1同样地进行造粒。
得到的颗粒在日本第十版药典的破坏试验的第一溶液中,显示50%溶出时间为9分钟,三小时后的溶出率为100%。
实施例4
(1)使硫氮
酮氢氯化物150克,乳糖645克,硬化蓖麻油120克,玛库洛高鲁6000(macrogo16000)(日本药典记载名:平均分子量为6000的聚乙二醇)25克在温度为90℃下混合20分钟后,冷却到室温。接着使进行粉碎,添加硬脂酸镁10克,用直径为8mm的捣棒使压缩成型,制成一片重量为190mg的片剂。
得到的片剂,在第十版的日本药典破坏试验的第一溶液中,表明50%的溶出时间为50分钟,三小时后的溶出率为100%。
相对于此,其对照的片剂(是使硫氮
酮氢氯化物150克,乳糖645克,玛库洛高鲁6000 25克和玉米淀粉120克相混合的淀粉糊作为结合剂进行混练,并使通过20网眼筛整粒后,使在40℃下乾燥并成为颗粒,添加硬脂酸镁10克,用直径为8mm的捣捧压缩成型,作成一片重量为190mg的片剂)在第十版的日本药典的破坏试验的第一溶液中,表明50%的溶出时间为5分钟。
(2)把20名健康的成年男子分成两组,让各组每人服两片用上述(1)得到的片剂和对照片剂。接着经过一段时间后取血,用薄层色谱光密度测定法测定血浆中的硫氮
酮氢氯化物的浓度时,用本发明得到的片剂的AUC(血浆中浓度曲线下的面积),为对照片剂89.4%,其生物学的利用率在实质上是同等。
实施例5
使硫氮
酮氢氯化物150克,乳糖625克,硬化蓖麻油135克,以及玛库洛高鲁6000 30克在温度为90℃下混合20分钟后,冷却到室温。接着进行粉碎,
添加硬脂酸镁10克,用直径为8mm的捣棒进行压缩成型,制成一片重量为190mg的片剂。得到的片剂在第十版日本药典破坏试验的第一溶液中,表明其50%的溶出时间为95分钟,三小时后的溶出率为76%。
实施例6
得到的片剂在第十版日本药典破坏试验的第一溶液中,表明50%的溶出时间为18分钟,三小时后的溶出率为100%。
实施例7
使硫氮
酮氢氯化物10克,硬脂酸乙醇25克,乳糖65克,充分混合后,在温度为90℃下进行20分钟的混合。接下来冷却到室温后进行粉碎,通过用350m网眼的日本工业标准的筛子进行处理,得到适合第十版日本药典的散剂基准的含有硫氮酮氢氯化物的缓放性制剂100克。
实施例8
使硫氮
酮氢氯化物10克,甘油基单肉豆蔻酯25克,硬化菜油25克,D甘露糖醇35克充分地混合后,并使其在使聚乙烯吡咯烷5克溶解在含50%水的乙醇中的溶液中进行混练。使混合物干燥后进行粉碎,以下通过和实施例7同样地处理,得到适合第十版日本药典的散剂基准的,含有硫氮
酮氢氯化物的缓放性散剂100克。
实施例9
使硫氮
酮氢氯化物60克,乳糖256克,石蜡40克混合后再进一步在温度为90℃下进行20分钟的混合,接下来使冷却到室温后进行粉碎,向其中添加硬脂酸镁4克,通过用直径为8mm的捣棒进行压缩成型,得到含硫氮
酮氢氯化物的缓放性片剂(一片重量为180mg)。
实施例10-13
以下是用由下列表上所示的基剂来替代实施例9的石蜡,通过和实施例9同样的实施而得到缓放性制剂。
表
实施例No 基剂
10 甘油基二硬脂酸酯
11 硬化牛脂
12 鲸蜡基醇
13 巴西棕榈蜡
Claims (4)
1、一种缓放性制剂的制备方法,其特征在于通过使疏水性基剂、钙拮抗剂和溶出控制物质相混合并将此混合物加热后,经混练再冷却而固化,使钙拮抗剂和溶出控制物质均匀地包埋或分散在疏水性基剂的固化物中后,使其成型为适于口服的剂型,其中疏水性基剂选自由高级脂肪酸、高级脂肪酸酯、高级醇和高级碳氢化合物所组成的组中的至少一种,溶出控制物质选自由糖类、水溶性高分子物质及水膨润性高分子物质所组成组中的至少一种。
2、一种缓放性制剂的制备方法,其特征在于通过将疏水性基剂和钙拮抗剂的混合物用溶解或膨润溶出物质的溶液进行混练,而后干燥而固化,使钙拮抗剂和溶出控制物质均匀地包埋或分散在疏水性基剂的固化物中后,使其成型为适于口服的剂型,其中疏水性基剂选自由高级脂肪酸、高级脂肪酸酯、高级醇和高级碳氢化合物所组成的组中的至少一种,溶出控制物质选自由糖类、水溶性高分子物质及水膨润性高分子物质所组成组中的至少一种。
3、一种缓放性制剂的制备方法,其特征在于通过将疏水性基剂、钙拮抗剂以及溶出控制物质混合,而后使混合物压缩固化,使钙拮抗剂和溶出控制物质均匀地包埋或分散在疏水性基剂的固化物中后,使其成型为适于口服的剂型,其中疏水性基剂选自由高级脂肪酸、高级脂肪酸酯、高级醇和高级碳氢化合物所组成的组中的至少一种,溶出控制物质选自由糖类、水溶性高分子物质及水膨润性高分子物质所组成组中的至少一种。
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CN100396284C (zh) * | 2000-02-24 | 2008-06-25 | 斯勒博医药品有限公司 | 吗斯酮胺口服缓释制剂 |
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CN108904451A (zh) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-11-30 | 广州柏赛罗药业有限公司 | 缓释制剂 |
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CN100396284C (zh) * | 2000-02-24 | 2008-06-25 | 斯勒博医药品有限公司 | 吗斯酮胺口服缓释制剂 |
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